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Wu Y, Zhong J, Wang J, Li H, Chen X, Xia X, Zhou J. Cinnamaldehyde protects SH-SY5Y cells against advanced glycation end-products induced ectopic cell cycle re-entry. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:1-8. [PMID: 39068030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the brain contributes significantly to cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes by disrupting the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, thereby triggering ectopic cell cycle re-entry (CCR) and subsequent neuronal apoptosis. Cinnamaldehyde (CINA), a potential mitigator of cognitive impairment due to its blood glucose-lowering properties, warrants exploration for its role in counteracting diabetes-related neurological damage. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of CINA on AGE-damaged SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells differentiated in vitro. We investigated the impact of CINA on AGE-induced neuronal CCR and apoptosis, finding that it substantially suppressed aberrant DNA replication, precluded cells from entering the mitotic preparatory phase, and diminished apoptosis. Additionally, CINA inhibited the expression of eIF4E without altering S6K1 phosphorylation. These findings indicate that CINA safeguards neuronal cells from AGE-related damage by preventing abnormal CCR, preserving the post-mitotic state of neuronal cells, and reducing AGE-induced apoptosis, potentially through the inhibition of eIF4E-controlled cell proliferation. Our results highlight the prospective utility of CINA in managing diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Hemei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xing Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Jinling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China; Key Laboratory of TCM Neuro-metabolism and Immunopharmacology of Guangxi Education Department, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
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Banerjee T, Sarkar A, Ali SZ, Bhowmik R, Karmakar S, Halder AK, Ghosh N. Bioprotective Role of Phytocompounds Against the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Unravelling Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:675-707. [PMID: 38458248 DOI: 10.1055/a-2277-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a global prevalence of 25%, continues to escalate, creating noteworthy concerns towards the global health burden. NAFLD causes triglycerides and free fatty acids to build up in the liver. The excessive fat build-up causes inflammation and damages the healthy hepatocytes, leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dietary habits, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia influence NAFLD progression. The disease burden is complicated due to the paucity of therapeutic interventions. Obeticholic acid is the only approved therapeutic agent for NAFLD. With more scientific enterprise being directed towards the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of NAFLD, novel targets like lipid synthase, farnesoid X receptor signalling, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors associated with inflammatory signalling, and hepatocellular injury have played a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Phytocompounds have shown promising results in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and de novo lipogenesis, suggesting their possible role in managing NAFLD. This review discusses the ameliorative role of different classes of phytochemicals with molecular mechanisms in different cell lines and established animal models. These compounds may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NAFLD progression to NASH. This review also deliberates on phytomolecules undergoing clinical trials for effective management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sk Zeeshan Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Rudranil Bhowmik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Kumar Halder
- Dr. B. C. Roy College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Dr. Meghnad Saha Sarani, Bidhannagar, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nilanjan Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
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Manocchio F, Morales D, Navarro-Masip E, Aragonès G, Torres-Fuentes C, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Photoperiod-Dependent Effects on Blood Biochemical Markers of Phenolic-Enriched Fruit Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:13111-13124. [PMID: 38811015 PMCID: PMC11181326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Fruits are rich in bioactive compounds, such as (poly)phenols, and their intake is associated with health benefits, although recent animal studies have suggested that the photoperiod of consumption influences their properties. Fruit loss and waste are critical issues that can be reduced by obtaining functional fruit extracts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain phenolic-enriched extracts from eight seasonal fruits that can modulate blood biochemical parameters and to investigate whether their effects depend on the photoperiod of consumption. Eight ethanol-based extracts were obtained and characterized, and their effects were studied in F344 rats exposed to short (6 h light, L6) and long (18 h light) photoperiods. Cherry and apricot extracts decreased blood triacylglyceride levels only when consumed under the L6 photoperiod. Pomegranate, grape, and orange extracts reduced cholesterol and fasting glucose levels during the L6 photoperiod; however, plum extract reduced fasting glucose levels only during the L18 photoperiod. The results showed the importance of photoperiod consumption in the effectiveness of phenolic-enriched fruit extracts and promising evidence regarding the use of some of the developed fruit extracts as potential functional ingredients for the management of several blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Manocchio
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Diego Morales
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elia Navarro-Masip
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center
of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center
of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center
of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo
s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics
Research Group, Institut d’Investigació
Sanitària Pere Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Center
of Environmental, Food and Toxicological Technology (TecnATox), University Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Tahir A, Ijaz MU, Naz H, Afsar T, Almajwal A, Amor H, Razak S. Protective effect of didymin against 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2203-2214. [PMID: 37801147 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most potent environmental toxicants, which causes oxidative stress and adversely affects the male reproductive system. The current study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative role of didymin (DDM) against TCDD-induced testicular toxicity. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four equal groups (n=12). (i) Control group, (ii) TCDD-induced group was provided with 10 μg/kg/day of TCDD, (iii) TCDD + DDM group received 10 μg/kg/day of TCDD and 2 mg/kg/day of DDM, and (iv) DDM-treated group was administered with 2 mg/kg/day of DDM. After 56 days of treatment, biochemical, steroidogenic, hormonal, spermatogenic, apoptotic, and histopathological parameters were estimated. RESULTS TCDD affected the biochemical profile by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, while increasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it decreased the expressions of steroidogenic enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), 17β-HSD, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), and 17α-hydroxylase/17, 20-lyase (CYP17A1), as well as reduced the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and plasma testosterone. Besides, epididymal sperm count, viability, and motility were decreased, while sperm morphological anomalies were increased. Moreover, TCDD altered the apoptotic profile by up-regulating the expressions of Bax and caspase-3, while downregulated the Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, histopathological damages were prompted due to TCDD administration. However, DDM restored all the TCDD-induced damages owing to its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and androgenic potential. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that DDM might play its role as a therapeutic agent against TCDD-prompted testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfa Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Huma Naz
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Houda Amor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saarland University Clinic, Homburg, Germany
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Wen X, Lv C, Zhou R, Wang Y, Zhou X, Qin S. The Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Therapeutic Effect of Dihydromyricetin on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Transcriptomics. Foods 2024; 13:344. [PMID: 38275711 PMCID: PMC10815645 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic and complex disease, and traditional drugs have many side effects. The active compound dihydromyricetin (DHM), derived from natural plants, has been shown in our previous study to possess the potential for reducing blood glucose levels; however, its precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, network pharmacology and transcriptomics were performed to screen the molecular targets and signaling pathways of DHM disturbed associated with T2DM, and the results were partially verified by molecular docking, RT-PCR, and Western blotting at in vivo levels. Firstly, the effect of DHM on blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver oxidative stress in db/db mice was explored and the results showed that DHM could reduce blood glucose and improve oxidative stress in the liver. Secondly, GO analysis based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics results showed that DHM mainly played a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and fatty acid metabolism in biological processes, on lipoprotein and respiratory chain on cell components, and on redox-related enzyme activity, iron ion binding, and glutathione transferase on molecular functional processes. KEGG system analysis results showed that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL17 signaling pathway, HIF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and TNF signaling pathway were typical signaling pathways disturbed by DHM in T2DM. Thirdly, molecular docking results showed that VEGFA, SRC, HIF1A, ESR1, KDR, MMP9, PPARG, and MAPK14 are key target genes, five genes of which were verified by RT-PCR in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, Western blotting results revealed that DHM effectively upregulated the expression of AKT protein and downregulated the expression of MEK protein in the liver of db/db mice. Therefore, our study found that DHM played a therapeutic effect partially by activation of the PI3K/AKT/MAPK signaling pathway. This study establishes the foundation for DHM as a novel therapeutic agent for T2DM. Additionally, it presents a fresh approach to utilizing natural plant extracts for chemoprevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Wen
- Laboratory of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chenghao Lv
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Runze Zhou
- Laboratory of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yixue Wang
- Laboratory of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xixin Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Si Qin
- Laboratory of Food Function and Nutrigenomics, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.W.)
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
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Yang J, Zou Y, Lv X, Chen J, Cui C, Song J, Yang M, Hu H, Gao J, Xia L, Wang L, Chen L, Hou X. Didymin protects pancreatic beta cells by enhancing mitochondrial function in high-fat diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:7. [PMID: 38172956 PMCID: PMC10762818 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged exposure to plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) leads to impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) which can progress to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the absence of timely and effective interventions. High-fat diet (HFD) leads to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, impairing pancreatic beta cell (PBC) function. While Didymin, a flavonoid glycoside derived from citrus fruits, has beneficial effects on inflammation dysfunction, its specific role in HFD-induced IGT remains yet to be elucidated. Hence, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of Didymin on PBCs. METHODS HFD-induced IGT mice and INS-1 cells were used to explore the effect and mechanism of Didymin in alleviating IGT. Serum glucose and insulin levels were measured during the glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests to evaluate PBC function and insulin resistance. Next, RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify the pathways potentially influenced by Didymin in PBCs. Furthermore, we validated the effects of Didymin both in vitro and in vivo. Mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor (Rotenone) was used to further confirm that Didymin exerts its ameliorative effect by enhancing mitochondria function. RESULTS Didymin reduces postprandial glycemia and enhances 30-minute postprandial insulin levels in IGT mice. Moreover, Didymin was found to enhance mitochondria biogenesis and function, regulate insulin secretion, and alleviate inflammation and apoptosis. However, these effects were abrogated with the treatment of Rotenone, indicating that Didymin exerts its ameliorative effect by enhancing mitochondria function. CONCLUSIONS Didymin exhibits therapeutic potential in the treatment of HFD-induced IGT. This beneficial effect is attributed to the amelioration of PBC dysfunction through improved mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Longqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Matsinkou Soh R, Ngaha Damndja W, Njintang Yanou N. Functional foods of sub-Saharan Africa and their implications in the management of type 2 diabetes: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:24-34. [PMID: 38268906 PMCID: PMC10804129 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, the prevalence of metabolic diseases in general and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in particular is constantly growing, and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not spared. The use of functional foods is a more practical option among the different approaches used in the management of T2DM owing to the fact that they are relatively less costly, safer, and more accessible. In addition to their low glycemic index just like foods currently used to manage diabetes, functional foods contain bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, saponins, and peptides. They are so named because they have additional health advantages beyond their basic nutritional worth. Bioactive compounds can be found in a variety of SSA plant-based foods, such as spices, fruits, vegetables, legumes, starchy foods, prepared foods, mixed foods, and prepared dishes. The goal of this review is to highlight some of the investigations into the effectiveness of local food and their antidiabetic mechanisms that have been studied in various SSA regions. Using the literature review as a basis, the authors state that SSA foods are rich in various bioactive compounds capable of regulating blood sugar through enhanced glucose tolerance, antioxidant effects, insulin sensitivity, and inhibition or activation of some key enzymes of the glucose metabolism that are linked to the prevention and management of T2DM. Many of the cited findings are preliminary, obtained from cell and preclinical studies, and therefore other studies need to be done to demonstrate the full potential of these foods to serve as bases for dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosane Matsinkou Soh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National School of Agro‐Industrial SciencesUniversity of NgaoundereNgaoundereCameroon
| | - Wilfred Ngaha Damndja
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National School of Agro‐Industrial SciencesUniversity of NgaoundereNgaoundereCameroon
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8
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Yang JW, Zou Y, Chen J, Cui C, Song J, Yang MM, Gao J, Hu HQ, Xia LQ, Wang LM, Lv XY, Chen L, Hou XG. Didymin alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) via the stimulation of Sirt1-mediated lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:921. [PMID: 38115075 PMCID: PMC10731721 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic syndromes worldwide. However, no approved pharmacological treatments are available for MAFLD. Chenpi, one kind of dried peel of citrus fruits, has traditionally been utilized as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Didymin is a newly identified oral bioactive dietary flavonoid glycoside derived from Chenpi. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of Didymin as an anti-MAFLD drug and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD mice and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were utilized to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of Didymin in the treatment of MAFLD. Liver weight, serum biochemical parameters, and liver morphology were examined to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of Didymin in MAFLD treatment. RNA-seq analysis was performed to identify potential pathways that could be affected by Didymin. The impact of Didymin on Sirt1 was corroborated through western blot, molecular docking analysis, microscale thermophoresis (MST), and deacetylase activity assay. Then, a Sirt1 inhibitor (EX-527) was utilized to confirm that Didymin alleviates MAFLD via Sirt1. Western blot and additional assays were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our results suggested that Didymin may possess therapeutic potential against MAFLD in vitro and in vivo. By promoting Sirt1 expression as well as directly binding to and activating Sirt1, Didymin triggers downstream pathways that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and function while reducing apoptosis and enhancing lipophagy. CONCLUSIONS These suggest that Didymin could be a promising medication for MAFLD treatment. Furthermore, its therapeutic effects are mediated by Sirt1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui-Qing Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Long-Qing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Ming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Guo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan, China.
- Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan, China.
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Jinan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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9
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Ramires Júnior OV, Silveira JS, Dos Santos TM, Ferreira FS, Vizuete AFK, Gonçalves CA, Wyse ATS. Homocysteine May Decrease Glucose Uptake and Alter the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 Signaling Pathway in Hippocampal Slices: Neuroprotective Effects of Rivastigmine and Ibuprofen. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5468-5481. [PMID: 37314655 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease, and is related to cellular and tissue damage. In the present study, we verified the effect of Hcy on neurochemical parameters (redox homeostasis, neuronal excitability, glucose, and lactate levels) and the Serine/Threonine kinase B (Akt), Glucose synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) signaling pathway in hippocampal slices, as well as the neuroprotective effects of ibuprofen and rivastigmine alone or in combination in such effects. Male Wistar rats (90 days old) were euthanized and the brains were dissected. The hippocampus slices were pre-treated for 30 min [saline medium or Hcy (30 µM)], then the other treatments were added to the medium for another 30 min [ibuprofen, rivastigmine, or ibuprofen + rivastigmine]. The dichlorofluorescein formed, nitrite and Na+, K+-ATPase activity was increased by Hcy at 30 µM. Ibuprofen reduced dichlorofluorescein formation and attenuated the effect of Hcy. The reduced glutathione content was reduced by Hcy. Treatments with ibuprofen and Hcy + ibuprofen increased reduced glutathione. Hcy at 30 µM caused a decrease in hippocampal glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression, and an increase in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein-protein expression. Phosphorylated GSK3β and Akt levels were reduced by Hcy (30 µM) and co-treatment with Hcy + rivastigmine + ibuprofen reversed these effects. Hcy toxicity on glucose metabolism can promote neurological damage. The combination of treatment with rivastigmine + ibuprofen attenuated such effects, probably by regulating the Akt/GSK3β/GLUT1 signaling pathway. Reversal of Hcy cellular damage by these compounds may be a potential neuroprotective strategy for brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcon Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fernanda K Vizuete
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Proteínas Ligantes de Cálcio no SNC, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção e Doenças Neurometabólicas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Neuroprotection and Neurometabolic Diseases (Wyse´s Lab), Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035003, Brazil.
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10
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Shen Z, Yu M, Dong Z. Research Progress on the Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms of Sini Powder against Depression from the Perspective of the Central Nervous System. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040741. [PMID: 37109699 PMCID: PMC10141708 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent emotional disorder characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interest, and loss of pleasure. The pathological causes of depression are associated with neuronal atrophy, synaptic loss, and neurotransmitter activity decline in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from injuries, such as inflammatory responses. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, patients with depression often exhibit the liver qi stagnation syndrome type. Sini Powder (SNP) is a classic prescription for treating such depression-related syndrome types in China. This study systematically summarized clinical applications and experimental studies of SNP for treatments of depression. We scrutinized the active components of SNP with blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and speculated about the corresponding pharmacodynamic pathways relevant to depression treatment through intervening in the CNS. Therefore, this article can enhance our understanding of SNP's pharmacological mechanisms and formula construction for depression treatment. Moreover, a re-demonstration of this classic TCM prescription in the modern-science language is of great significance for future drug development and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Shen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenfei Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
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11
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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Sultana S, Punekar SM, Vadde R, Ravikiran T. Structure-related relationship: Plant-derived antidiabetic compounds. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023:241-295. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
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12
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Lamichhane G, Pandey J, Devkota HP. Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Ponciri Fructus. Molecules 2022; 28:255. [PMID: 36615447 PMCID: PMC9821892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ponciri Fructus is a crude drug obtained from the dried immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliata (L). Raf. (Syn. Citrus trifoliata L.). This study aims to compile and analyze the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive constituents, and pharmacological activities of Ponciri Fructus. Various online bibliographic databases namely, SciFinder, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used for collecting information on traditional uses, biological activities, and bioactive constituents. Concerning ethnomedicinal uses, Ponciri Fructus is extensively used in traditional Korean, Chinese, and Kampo medicines to mitigate allergic reactions, inflammation, edema, digestive complications, respiratory problems, spleen-related problems, liver complications, neuronal pain, hyperlipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular problems, hernia, sinusitis, and insomnia. Several studies have shown that Ponciri Fructus is a major source of diverse classes of bioactive compounds namely flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, phytosterols, and alkaloids. Several in vivo and in vitro pharmacological activity evaluations such as antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antimelanogenic, gastroprotective, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects have been conducted from Ponciri Fructus. However, scientific investigations focusing on bioassay-guided isolation and identification of specific bioactive constituents are limited. Therefore, an in-depth scientific investigation of Ponciri Fructus focusing on bioassay-guided isolation, mechanism based pharmacological studies, pharmacokinetic studies, and evaluation of possible toxicities is necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jitendra Pandey
- Department of Pharmacy, Crimson College of Technology, Pokhara University, Devinagar-11, Butwal 32900, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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13
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Zhang Y, RuXian G. Didymin, a natural flavonoid, relieves the progression of myocardial infarction via inhibiting the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2319-2327. [PMID: 36416076 PMCID: PMC9704078 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2148170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Globally, the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases remain high. Didymin, a flavonoid glycoside, has long been used as a dietary antioxidant. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of didymin in myocardial infarction (MI), and its possible myocardial protective mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57/BL6 mice (aged 6-8 weeks, n = 40) were divided into five groups: sham group, ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, I/R + didymin (1 mg/kg) group, I/R + didymin (2 mg/kg) group and I/R + didymin (4 mg/kg) group. Didymin was administered intragastrically daily before I/R for 5 consecutive days. H9C2 cells were divided into five groups: control group, H/R group, H/R + didymin (3 μM) group, H/R + didymin (10 μM) group and H/R + didymin (30 μM) group. H9C2 cells were treated with didymin for 24 h before hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). RESULTS In vivo, didymin reduced the pathological damage and fibrosis of myocardial tissues, decreased the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, connective tissue growth factor, collagen I and collagen III. Moreover, didymin reduced myocardial apoptosis, inhibited NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 expression, and alleviated the inflammatory response. In vitro, didymin reduced MI, apoptosis, inflammation and the levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in H9C2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Didymin prevented the deterioration of MI by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro, and may be a potential natural drug for the treatment of MI. Our study provides the scientific basis for further research of didymin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- CONTACT Yong Zhang Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang832008, China
| | - GuLi RuXian
- Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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14
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Yahya S, Haider K, Pathak A, Choudhary A, Hooda P, Shafeeq M, Shahar Yar M. Strategies in synthetic design and structure-activity relationship studies of novel heterocyclic scaffolds as aldose reductase-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200167. [PMID: 36125217 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic scaffolds of natural as well as synthetic origin provide almost all categories of drugs exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antibiotics, antidiabetic and anticancer agents, and so on. Under normal homeostasis, aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) regulates vital metabolic functions; however, in pathological conditions like diabetes, ALR2 is unable to function and leads to secondary diabetic complications. ALR2 inhibitors are a novel target for the treatment of retinopathy (cataract) influenced by diabetes. Epalrestat (stat), an ALR2 inhibitor, is the only drug candidate that was approved in the last four decades; the other drugs from the stat class were retracted after clinical trial studies due to untoward iatrogenic effects. The present study summarizes the recent development (2014 and onwards) of this pharmacologically active ALR2 heterocyclic scaffold and illustrates the rationale behind the design, structure-activity relationships, and biological studies performed on these molecules. The aim of the current review is to pave a straight path for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, and, in general, to the drug discovery scientists to facilitate the synthesis and development of novel ALR2 inhibitors that may serve as lead molecules for the treatment of diseases related to the ALR2 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Yahya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Akram Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Hooda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Shafeeq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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6-Formyl Umbelliferone, a Furanocoumarin from Angelica decursiva L., Inhibits Key Diabetes-Related Enzymes and Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175720. [PMID: 36080485 PMCID: PMC9458250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, great attention has been paid to coumarin derivatives, a set of versatile molecules that exhibit a wide variety of biological activities and have few toxic side effects. In this study, we investigated the antidiabetic potential of 6-formyl umbelliferone (6-FU), a novel furanocoumarin isolated from Angelica decursiva. Numerous pharmacological activities of 6-FU have been previously reported; however, the mechanism of its antidiabetic activity is unknown. Therefore, we examined the action of 6-FU on a few candidate-signaling molecules that may underlie its antidiabetic activity, including its inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, human recombinant aldose reductase (HRAR), and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation (IC50 = 1.13 ± 0.12, 58.36 ± 1.02, 5.11 ± 0.21, and 2.15 ± 0.13 μM, respectively). A kinetic study showed that 6-FU exhibited mixed-type inhibition against α-glucosidase and HRAR and competitive inhibition of PTP1B. Docking simulations of 6-FU demonstrated negative binding energies and close proximity to residues in the binding pockets of those enzymes. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying 6-FU's antidiabetic effects. 6-FU significantly increased glucose uptake and decreased PTP1B expression in insulin-resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, 6-FU (0.8-100 μM) remarkably inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGEs in glucose-fructose-induced human serum albumin glycation over the course of 4 weeks. The findings clearly indicate that 6-FU will be useful in the development of multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for the treatment of diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
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Gu L, Sun M, Li R, Zhang X, Tao Y, Yuan Y, Luo X, Xie Z. Didymin Suppresses Microglia Pyroptosis and Neuroinflammation Through the Asc/Caspase-1/GSDMD Pathway Following Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:810582. [PMID: 35154128 PMCID: PMC8828494 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.810582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been proven to exert an important effect on brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previous studies reported that Didymin possessed anti-inflammatory properties after acute hepatic injury, hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction, and death. However, the role of Didymin in microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after ICH is unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of Didymin on neuroinflammation mediated by microglial pyroptosis in mouse models of ICH and shed some light on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed that Didymin treatment remarkably improved neurobehavioral performance and decreased BBB disruption and brain water content. Microglial activation and neutrophil infiltration in the peri-hematoma tissue after ICH were strikingly mitigated by Didymin as well. At the molecular level, administration of Didymin significantly unregulated the expression of Rkip and downregulated the expression of pyroptotic molecules and inflammatory cytokines such as Nlrp3 inflammasome, GSDMD, caspase-1, and mature IL-1β, TNF-α, and MPO after ICH. Besides, Didymin treatment decreased the number of Caspase-1-positive microglia and GSDMD-positive microglia after ICH. Inversely, Locostatin, an Rkip-specific inhibitor, significantly abolished the anti-pyroptosis and anti-neuroinflammation effects of Didymin. Moreover, Rkip binding with Asc could interrupt the activation and assembly of the inflammasome. Mechanistically, inhibition of Caspase-1 by VX-765 attenuated brain injury and suppressed microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation by downregulation of GSDMD, mature IL-1β, TNF-α, and MPO based on Locostatin-treated ICH. Taken together, Didymin alleviated microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, at least in part through the Asc/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway via upregulating Rkip expression after ICH. Therefore, Didymin may be a potential agent to attenuate neuroinflammation via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingjiang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Inhibits Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Expression and Tyrosyl Phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Increasing NF-κB DNA-Binding Activity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7553670. [PMID: 35320949 PMCID: PMC8938072 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7553670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background. Abundant evidence indicates that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are associated with insulin resistance in adipocytes. However, the potential mechanism of the association remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of TSH in the suppression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) expression and IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation, which might contribute to insulin resistance. Methods. Mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated into adipocytes. After treatment with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mIU/ml bovine TSH, the TNF-α concentration in the medium was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity was quantified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). IRS-1 levels in adipocytes were quantified by Western blotting, and tyrosine phosphorylation was measured by immunoprecipitation. Results. TSH induced TNF-α secretion in a dose-dependent manner. There was a significant positive correlation between NF-κB DNA-binding activity and TNF-α secretion. This effect and correlation were weakened by BAY 11-7082 (a nuclear NF-κB inhibitor) and H89 (an inhibitor of cyclic adenosine monophosphate- (cAMP-) dependent protein kinase A (PKA)). Treatment of cultured adipocytes with TSH inhibited insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosyl phosphorylation but promoted TSH-dependent secretion of TNF-α and activation of NF-κB DNA-binding activity. The effects of TSH were significantly inhibited by BAY 11-7082 and H89 and were completely blocked by the TNF-α antagonist WP9QY. Conclusion. TSH inhibited IRS-1 protein expression and tyrosyl phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by stimulating TNF-α production via promotion of NF-κB DNA-binding activity. TSH might play a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Preparation and Characterization of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb Polysaccharide-Zn Complex and Its Hypoglycemic Activity through Regulating Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/4497128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide (ACEP) as raw material, the purpose of the study was to prepare Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide-zinc (ACEP-Zn) complex. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and other means are used to analyze the physical-chemical properties and structure of ACEP and ACEP-Zn, to investigate the inhibition of α-glycosidase and α-amylase enzymes, and to explore its effects on the glucose metabolism of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results show that a group of COO-, -CH3, and -OH in the sugar chain binds to Zn2+. Compared with the original polysaccharides, the surface morphology of ACEP-Zn changed obviously, and the molecular weight (Mn) of ACEP-Zn decreased, but the molecular agglomeration of ACEP-Zn increased. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of ACEP-Zn on α-glucosidase and α-amylase was stronger than that of the original polysaccharide. The results indicated that the structure of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide was changed obviously after the zinc complex, and its hypoglycemic activity was enhanced in vitro. In the cell experiment, the glucose consumption of IR-HepG2 cells was significantly increased at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL (
). The activity of SOD and NOS significantly increased (
), and the activity of intracellular PK increased (
). Therefore, it was speculated that the hypoglycemic effect of Auricularia cornea Ehrenb polysaccharide combined with zinc was related to the alleviation of liver cell damage caused by oxidative stress and the improvement of glucose metabolism of IR-HepG2 cells. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of the polysaccharide-zinc complex in the hypoglycemic functional food field.
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Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacological Investigation of Withaferin-A Loaded Nanosponges for Cancer Therapy; In Vitro, In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226990. [PMID: 34834081 PMCID: PMC8623412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing global burden of cancer poses a major challenge to public health and demands a robust approach to access promising anticancer therapeutics. In parallel, nanotechnology approaches with various pharmacological properties offer efficacious clinical outcomes. The use of new artificial variants of nanosponges (NS) as a transporter of chemotherapeutic drugs to target cells has emerged as a very promising tool. Therefore, in this research, ethylcellulose (EC) NS were prepared using the ultrasonication assisted-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Withaferin-A (WFA), an active ingredient in Withania somnifera, has been implanted into the nanospongic framework with enhanced anticancer properties. Inside the polymeric structure, WFA was efficiently entrapped (85 ± 11%). The drug (WFA) was found to be stable within polymeric nanosponges, as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The WFA-NS had a diameter of 117 ± 4 nm and zeta potential of −39.02 ± 5.71 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.419 ± 0.073. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the porous surface texture of WFA-NS. In vitro anticancer activity (SRB assay) results showed that WFA–NS exhibited almost twice the anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 1.57 ± 0.091 µM), as quantified by flow cytometry and comet tests. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy with DAPI staining and analysis of DNA fragmentation revealed apoptosis as a mechanism of cancer cell death. The anticancer activity of WFA-NS was further determined in vivo and results were compared to cisplatin. The anticancer activity of WFA-NS was further investigated in vivo, and the data were consistent to those obtained with cisplatin. At Day 10, WFA-NS (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumour volume to 72 ± 6%, which was comparable to cisplatin (10 mg/kg), which reduced tumour volume to 78 ± 8%. Finally, the outcomes of molecular modeling (in silico) also suggested that WFA established a stable connection with nanosponges, generating persistent hydrophobic contacts (polar and nonpolar) and helping with the attractive delayed-release features of the formulation. Collectively, all the findings support the use of WFA in nanosponges as a prototype for cancer treatment, and opened up new avenues for increasing the efficacy of natural product-derived medications.
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Citrus polyphenols and risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from mechanistic studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2178-2202. [PMID: 34496701 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1971945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are a rich source of (poly)phenols, a group of dietary bioactive compounds that protect against developing type 2 diabetes. Our review critically evaluates how experimental in vitro and animal models have elucidated some of the underlying mechanisms on how citrus (poly)phenols affect the markers of type 2 diabetes. According to animal studies, the beneficial effects derived from consuming citrus compounds appear to be related to long-term effects, rather than acute. There are some notable effects from citrus (poly)phenol metabolites on post-absorptive processes, such as modulation of hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in target tissues, but with a more modest effect on digestion and sugar absorption within the gut. Experimental studies on cells and other systems in vitro have indicated some of the possible mechanisms involved, but ∼70% of the studies utilized unrealistically high concentrations and forms of the compounds, compromising physiological relevance. Future studies should discuss the relevance of concentration used in in vitro experiments, relative to the proposed site of action, and also examine the role of catabolites produced by the gut microbiota. Finally, it is important to examine the relationship between the gut microbiota and bioavailability on the action of citrus (poly)phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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22
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Narayanankutty A. Phytochemicals as PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Inhibitors and Their Role in Breast Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:188-199. [PMID: 32914720 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200910164641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the predominant form of cancer in women; various cellular pathways are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Among the various types of breast cancer that differ in their growth factor receptor status, PI3K/Akt signaling is a common pathway where all these converge. Thus, the PI3K signaling is of great interest as a target for breast cancer prevention; however, it is less explored. OBJECTIVE The present review is aimed to provide a concise outline of the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast carcinogenesis and its progression events, including metastasis, drug resistance and stemness. The review emphasizes the role of natural and synthetic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/m- TOR pathway in breast cancer prevention. METHODS The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature. RESULTS PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays an important role in human breast carcinogenesis; it acts on the initiation and progression events associated with it. Numerous molecules have been isolated and identified as promising drug candidates by targeting the signaling pathway. Results from clinical studies confirm their application in the treatment of human breast cancer alone and in combination with classical chemotherapeutics as well as monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION PI3K/mTOR signaling blockers have evolved as promising anticancer agents by interfering breast cancer development and progression at various stages. Natural products and bioactive components are emerging as novel inhibitors of PI3K signaling and more research in this area may yield numerous drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Kerala, India
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23
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Natural α-Glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: A Source of Scaffold Molecules for Synthesis of New Multitarget Antidiabetic Drugs. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164818. [PMID: 34443409 PMCID: PMC8400511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a group of metabolic disorders that leads to acute and long-term serious complications and is considered a worldwide sanitary emergence. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents about 90% of all cases of diabetes, and even if several drugs are actually available for its treatment, in the long term, they show limited effectiveness. Most traditional drugs are designed to act on a specific biological target, but the complexity of the current pathologies has demonstrated that molecules hitting more than one target may be safer and more effective. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the natural compounds known as α-glucosidase and Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) dual-inhibitors that could be used as lead compounds to generate new multitarget antidiabetic drugs for treatment of T2D.
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Plants Secondary Metabolites as Blood Glucose-Lowering Molecules. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144333. [PMID: 34299610 PMCID: PMC8307461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant advances in modern medicine and therapeutic agents have been achieved. However, the search for effective antidiabetic drugs is continuous and challenging. Over the past decades, there has been an increasing body of literature related to the effects of secondary metabolites from botanical sources on diabetes. Plants-derived metabolites including alkaloids, phenols, anthocyanins, flavonoids, stilbenoids, saponins, tannins, polysaccharides, coumarins, and terpenes can target cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, they can grant protection to pancreatic beta cells from damage, repairing abnormal insulin signaling, minimizing oxidative stress and inflammation, activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and absorption. Studies have highlighted many bioactive naturally occurring plants' secondary metabolites as candidates against diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge compiled from the latest studies published during the past decade on the mechanism-based action of plants-derived secondary metabolites that can target various metabolic pathways in humans against diabetes. It is worth mentioning that the compiled data in this review will provide a guide for researchers in the field, to develop candidates into environment-friendly effective, yet safe antidiabetics.
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25
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Pan R, Lou J, Wei L. Significant effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide on lipid metabolism in diabetes may be associated with the activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CAM signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:820. [PMID: 34131443 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a threat to patient health worldwide. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), one of the two main types of diabetes, is a long-term metabolic disease caused by heredity and environmental factors. It has been reported that Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) significantly decreased the concentration of blood glucose, promoted insulin secretion, improved glucose tolerance and regulated the concentration of blood lipids. In the present study, a T2DM model was established in db/db mice, following which T2DM mice were treated with GLP (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks, with MET used as the positive control. The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and diabetes-associated clinical chemistry indexes were detected in the blood and serum of each mouse. Hematoxylin and eosin, and oil red O staining were performed on the livers of each mouse to evaluate the level of liver fat. The expression levels of family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3C), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), calmodulin (CaM), AKT and phosphorylated (p)-AKT were detected in the hepatocytes of T2DM mice using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the unbalanced levels of HbAlc, FBG and diabetes-related index in T2DM mice were significantly improved by treatment with GLP. Lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of mice shrank in the GLP groups compared with the model control group. The expression levels of FAM3C, HSF1, CaM and p-AKT/AKT in the hepatocytes of T2DM mice were significantly increased following treatment with GLP. In conclusion, GLP exerted significant effects on lipid metabolism in diabetes, which may be associated with the activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CaM signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Nutrition, Yuxi People's Hospital of Kunming, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lou
- Department of Nutrition, Yuxi People's Hospital of Kunming, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
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26
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Lv Q, Xing Y, Liu Y, Chen Q, Xu J, Hu L, Zhang Y. Didymin switches M1-like toward M2-like macrophage to ameliorate ulcerative colitis via fatty acid oxidation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105613. [PMID: 33915297 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory response by different polarized macrophages has a critical role in a variety of immunological pathophysiology, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Herein, targeting the paradigm of macrophage phenotypes by small molecular modulators may influence the disease status. In the present study, we firstly demonstrated that didymin, one of the most abundant flavonoid constituents present in the citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, remarkably attenuated the clinical symptoms of acute and chronic colitis in mice. Mechanistic studies showed that didymin converted pro-inflammatory M1-like to anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophage phenotype, but did not alter the polarization of M2-like macrophages. Metabolic tracing studies revealed that didymin strengthened fatty acid oxidation rather than glycolysis by inducing Hadhb expression. More importantly, in vivo studies verified that promotion of Hadhb expression resulted in the conversion of M1- toward M2-like macrophages and eventually alleviated colitis. Our data highlights the potential of macrophage paradigm in UC inflammation and put forth the stage for considering didymin as a metabolism regulator in reprogramming macrophage polarization, which may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of inflammation-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yao Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Stake Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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27
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Bian G, Yang J, Elango J, Wu W, Bao B, Bao C. Natural Triterpenoids Isolated from Akebia trifoliata Stem Explants Exert a Hypoglycemic Effect via α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Glucose Uptake Stimulation in Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2001030. [PMID: 33779055 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity is a prospective approach to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Herein, the inhibition of α-glucosidase by three compounds T1 -T3 of Akebia trifoliata stem, namely hederagenin (T1 ), 3-epiakebonoic acid (T2 ), and arjunolic acid (T3 ) were investigated using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking analysis. The three triterpenoids exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. T1 -T3 showed the strongest inhibition with IC50 values of 42.1±5.4, 19.6±3.2, and 11.2±2.3 μM, respectively, compared to the acarbose positive control (IC50 =106.3±8.2). Enzyme inhibition kinetics showed that triterpenoids T1 -T3 demonstrated competitive, mixed, and noncompetitive-type inhibition against α-glucosidase, respectively. The inhibition constant (Ki ) values were 21.21, 7.70, and 3.18 μM, respectively. Docking analysis determined that the interaction of ligands T1 -T3 and α-glucosidase was mainly forced by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which could result in improved binding to the active site of the target enzyme. The insulin resistant (IR)-HepG2 cell model used in this study (HepG2 cells exposed to 10-7 M insulin for 24 h) and glucose uptake assays showed that compounds T1 -T3 had no cytotoxicity with concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 25 μM and displayed significant stimulation of glucose uptake in IR-HepG2 cells. Thus, triterpenoids T1 -T3 showed dual therapeutic effects of α-glucosidase inhibition and glucose uptake stimulation and could be used as potential medicinal resources to investigate new antidiabetic agents for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Bian
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-Pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China.,National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Bin Bao
- National R&D Branch Center for Freshwater Aquatic Products Processing Technology, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Chunling Bao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
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28
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Bai Y, Du Q, Zhang L, Li L, Tang L, Zhang W, Du R, Li P, Li L. Fasudil alleviated insulin resistance through promotion of proliferation, attenuation of cell apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/Rho kinase/insulin/nuclear factor-κB signalling pathway in HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:1118-1127. [PMID: 33779714 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of fasudil on insulin resistance (IR) in HTR-8/SVneo cells. METHODS HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with insulin or/and fasudil. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and related signalling pathways were assessed. KEY FINDINGS Insulin treatment significantly enhanced the protein expressions of RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2), but decreased glucose consumption. Administration of fasudil effectively promoted glucose uptake. Moreover, fasudil enhanced cell viability and the level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Insulin-mediated cell apoptosis was inhibited by fasudil via the down-regulation of bax and cleaved-caspase-3, and the up-regulation of bcl-2. At the same time, fasudil led to the reduction of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels in insulin-treated cells. In addition, RhoA, ROCK2 and phosphorylated myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 (p-MYPT-1) expressions were down-regulated by fasudil. Importantly, fasudil activated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) through increasing p-IRS-1 (Tyr612) and p-Akt expressions. The nuclear NF-κB p65 and p-IκB-α levels were reduced via the administration of fasudil in insulin-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil mitigated IR by the promotion of cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation and regulation of RhoA/ROCK/insulin/NF-κB signalling pathway through in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Liu XJ, Chen JB, Cao JP, Li X, Sun CD. Citrus flavonoids and their antioxidant evaluation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3833-3854. [PMID: 33435726 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1870035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant ability is the link and bridge connecting a variety of biological activities. Citrus flavonoids play an essential role in regulating oxidative stress and are an important source of daily intake of antioxidant supplements. Many studies have shown that citrus flavonoids promote health through antioxidation. In this review, the biosynthesis, composition and distribution of citrus flavonoids were concluded. The detection methods of antioxidant capacity of citrus flavonoids were divided into four categories: chemical, cellular, animal and clinical antioxidant capacity evaluation systems. The modeling methods, applicable scenarios, and their relative merits were compared based on these four systems. The antioxidant functions of citrus flavonoids under different evaluation systems were also discussed, especially the regulation of the Nrf2-antioxidases pathway. Some shortcomings in the current research were pointed out, and some suggestions for progress were put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Biao Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Li
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong-De Sun
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Sood A, Kumar B, Singh SK, Prashar P, Gautam A, Gulati M, Pandey NK, Melkani I, Awasthi A, Saraf SA, Vidari G, Ozdemir M, Hussain FHS, Anwar ET, Ameen MSM, Gupta S, Porwal O. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Management of Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5468-5487. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826164322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in plants. These phenolic compounds
are classified into various subgroups based on their structures: flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, and
anthocyanins. They are known to perform various pharmacological actions like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and antiallergic, etc. Diabetes is a chronic progressive metabolic disorder
that affects several biochemical pathways and leads to secondary complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy,
nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy. Among them, the management of diabetic neuropathy is one of the major
challenges for physicians as well as the pharmaceutical industries. Naturally occurring flavonoids are extensively
used for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications due to their antioxidant properties. Moreover,
flavonoids inhibit various pathways that are involved in the progression of diabetic neuropathy like the reduction
of oxidative stress, decrease in glycogenolysis, increase glucose utilization, decrease in the formation of advanced
glycation end products, and inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. This review entails current updates on the
therapeutic perspectives of flavonoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. This manuscript explains the pathological
aspects of neuropathic pain, the chemistry of flavonoids, and their application in amelioration of neuropathic
pain through preclinical studies either alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sood
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Bimlesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Prashar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anamika Gautam
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Melkani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Subhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Giovani Vidari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mehmet Ozdemir
- Department of Densitry, Tishk International University- Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Esra Tariq Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Omji Porwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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31
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Luo X, Wang J, Chen H, Zhou A, Song M, Zhong Q, Chen H, Cao Y. Identification of Flavoanoids From Finger Citron and Evaluation on Their Antioxidative and Antiaging Activities. Front Nutr 2020; 7:584900. [PMID: 33195374 PMCID: PMC7649818 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.584900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger citron (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle) is a traditional Chinese herb and considered as a healthy food. Flavonoids are the major bioactive substances in Finger citron. In this study, the major flavonoids of finger citron (FFC) were purified with AB-8 macroporous resins, and then three of them were identified as diosmetin-6-8-di-C-glucoside, hesperidin and diosmetin-6-C-glucoside, and other two were preliminarily inferred as limocitrol 3-alpha-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1->3)-galactoside and scutellarein 4′-methyl ether 7-glucoside by high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraperformance liquid chromatography to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Further, their antioxidation and antiaging activities were determined in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, chemical assays revealed that the purified FFC had strong antioxidative activity as demonstrated by its strong DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activities and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). In vivo, the purified FFC significantly increased the mean and maximum lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by 31.26 and 26.59%, respectively, and showed no side effects on their physiological functions. Under normal and oxidative stress conditions, purified FFC reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, while increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in C. elegans. Together, we successfully identified three major substances in purified FFC of finger citron and determined the excellent antiaging activity of FFC, which is attributed to its strong antioxidative activity and effect on homeostasis of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Aimei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Mingyue Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Hanmin Chen
- Guangdong Zhancui Food Co., Ltd, Chaozhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Citrus Flavonoids as Promising Phytochemicals Targeting Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102907. [PMID: 32977511 PMCID: PMC7598193 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of plant-based food is important for health promotion, especially concerning the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds in citrus fruits, with multiple beneficial effects, especially antidiabetic effects. We systematically review the potential antidiabetic action and molecular mechanisms of citrus flavonoids based on in vitro and in vivo studies. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection databases for articles published since 2010 was carried out using the keywords citrus, flavonoid, and diabetes. All articles identified were analyzed, and data were extracted using a standardized form. The search identified 38 articles, which reported that 19 citrus flavonoids, including 8-prenylnaringenin, cosmosiin, didymin, diosmin, hesperetin, hesperidin, isosiennsetin, naringenin, naringin, neohesperidin, nobiletin, poncirin, quercetin, rhoifolin, rutin, sineesytin, sudachitin, tangeretin, and xanthohumol, have antidiabetic potential. These flavonoids regulated biomarkers of glycemic control, lipid profiles, renal function, hepatic enzymes, and antioxidant enzymes, and modulated signaling pathways related to glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its related complications. Citrus flavonoids, therefore, are promising antidiabetic candidates, while their antidiabetic effects remain to be verified in forthcoming human studies.
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Niu SL, Tong ZF, Zhang Y, Liu TL, Tian CL, Zhang DX, Liu MC, Li B, Tian JL. Novel Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor-Geranylated Flavonoid from Mulberry Leaves Ameliorates Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8223-8231. [PMID: 32650643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry leaf is a common vegetable with a variety of beneficial effects, such as hypoglycemic activity. However, the underlying mechanism of its hypoglycemic effect have not been fully revealed. In this study, two flavonoid derivatives were isolated from mulberry leaves, a new geranylated flavonoid compound (1) and its structural analogue (2). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated using spectroscopic analysis. To study the potential hypoglycemic properties of these compounds, their regulatory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) were investigated. In comparison to oleanolic acid, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory activities (IC50 = 4.53 ± 0.31 and 10.53 ± 1.76 μM) against PTP1B, the positive control (IC50 = 7.94 ± 0.76 μM). Molecular docking predicted the binding sites of compound 1 to PTP1B. In insulin-resistance HepG2 cell, compound 1 promoted glucose consumption in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that compound 1 might regulate glucose consumption through the PTP1B/IRS/PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, geranylated flavonoids in mulberry leaves inhibite PTP1B and increase the glucose consumption in insulin-resistant cells. These findings provide an important basis for the use of mulberry leaf flavonoids as a dietary supplement to regulate glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Niu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Xian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Aninal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Tian
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing, College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, People's Republic of China
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Yousof Ali M, Zaib S, Mizanur Rahman M, Jannat S, Iqbal J, Kyu Park S, Seog Chang M. Poncirin, an orally active flavonoid exerts antidiabetic complications and improves glucose uptake activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in insulin resistant C2C12 cells with anti-glycation capacities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104061. [PMID: 32653611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Poncirin, a natural flavanone glycoside present abundantly in many citrus fruits, contains an extensive range of biological activities. However, the antidiabetic mechanism of poncirin is unexplored yet. In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic prospective of poncirin by evaluating its ability to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), α-glucosidase, human recombinant AR (HRAR), rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation (IC50 = 7.76 ± 0.21, 21.31 ± 1.26, 3.56 ± 0.33, 11.91 ± 0.21, and 3.23 ± 0.09 µM, respectively). Kinetics data and docking studies showed the lowest binding energy and highestaffinityforthemixed and competitivetypeof inhibitorsof poncirin. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms underlying the antidiabetic outcomes of poncirin in insulin resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells were explored, which significantly increased glucose uptake and decreased the expression of PTP1B in C2C12 cells. Consequently, poncirin increased GLUT-4 expression level by activating the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway. Moreover, poncirin (0.5-50 µM) remarkably inhibited the formation of fluorescent AGE, nonfluorescent CML, fructosamine, and β-cross amyloid structures in glucose-fructose-induced BSA glycation during 4 weeks of study. Poncirin also notably prevented protein oxidation demonstrated with decreasing the protein carbonyl and the consumption of protein thiol in the dose-dependent manner. The results clearly expressed the promising activity of poncirin for the therapy of diabetes and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Susoma Jannat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4 Alberta, Canada
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seog Chang
- Department of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Deng N, Zheng B, Li T, Liu RH. Assessment of the Phenolic Profiles, Hypoglycemic Activity, and Molecular Mechanism of Different Highland Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041175. [PMID: 32053943 PMCID: PMC7072826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenolic profiles, hypoglycemic activity, and molecular mechanism of the effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of four highland barley varieties were investigated in the present study. The fundamental phenolics in highland barley were ferulic acid, naringin, and catechin, which mainly existed in bound form. These varieties showed favorable hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities, enhancement of glucose consumption, glycogen accumulation and glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) activity, and down-regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activities. Specifically, ZQ320 variety exhibited the strongest hypoglycemic activity compared to the other varieties. Highland barley phenolics could inhibit gluconeogenesis and motivate glycogen synthesis via down-regulating the gene expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), while activating the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (Akt), GYS2, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4). Therefore, phenolics from highland barley could be served as suitable candidates for therapeutic agent in T2DM to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Deng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Bisheng Zheng
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Guangdong ERA Food & Life Health Research Institute, Guangzhou 510670, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (R.H.L.)
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (R.H.L.)
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36
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Jack BU, Malherbe CJ, Mamushi M, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Louw J, Pheiffer C. Adipose tissue as a possible therapeutic target for polyphenols: A case for Cyclopia extracts as anti-obesity nutraceuticals. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109439. [PMID: 31590126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality due to increasing the risk of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective first-line treatment strategies used in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these behavioral changes is poor, with an increased reliance on synthetic drugs, which unfortunately are plagued by adverse effects. The identification of new and safer anti-obesity agents is thus of significant interest. In recent years, plants and their phenolic constituents have attracted increased attention due to their health-promoting properties. Amongst these, Cyclopia, an endemic South African plant commonly consumed as a herbal tea (honeybush), has been shown to possess modulating properties against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Likewise, several studies have reported that some of the major phenolic compounds present in Cyclopia spp. exhibit anti-obesity effects, particularly by targeting adipose tissue. These phenolic compounds belong to the xanthone, flavonoid and benzophenone classes. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Cyclopia extracts as an anti-obesity nutraceutical as underpinned by in vitro and in vivo studies and the underlying cellular mechanisms and biological pathways regulated by their phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mokadi Mamushi
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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Flavanone glycosides inhibit β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 and cholinesterase and reduce Aβ aggregation in the amyloidogenic pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 309:108707. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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