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Sun J, Zhao N, Zhang R, Li Y, Yu T, Nong Q, Lin L, Yang X, Luan T, Chen B, Huang Y. Metabolic landscape of human alveolar type II epithelial cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced directly by silica exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 149:676-687. [PMID: 39181677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2024.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an irreplaceable role in the development of silicosis. However, molecular mechanisms of EMT induced by silica exposure still remain to be addressed. Herein, metabolic profiles of human alveolar type II epithelial cells (A549 cells) exposed directly to silica were characterized using non-targeted metabolomic approaches. A total of 84 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in silica-treated A549 cells undergoing EMT, which were mainly enriched in metabolisms of amino acids (e.g., glutamate, alanine, aspartate), purine metabolism, glycolysis, etc. The number of DMs identified in the A549 cells obviously increased with the elevated exposure concentration of silica. Remarkably, glutamine catabolism was significantly promoted in the silica-treated A549 cells, and the levels of related metabolites (e.g., succinate) and enzymes (e.g., α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase) were substantially up-regulated, with a preference to α-KG pathway. Supplementation of glutamine into the cell culture could substantially enhance the expression levels of both EMT-related markers and Snail (zinc finger transcription factor). Our results suggest that the EMT of human alveolar epithelial cells directly induced by silica can be essential to the development of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Ruijia Zhang
- State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yizheng Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 540080, China
| | - Qiying Nong
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xubin Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China; State Key Lab of Bioresource and Biocontrol, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, China.
| | - Yongshun Huang
- Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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Zhang M, Wang J, Liu R, Wang Q, Qin S, Chen Y, Li W. The role of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the treatment of respiratory diseases and the research progress on targeted drugs. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37326. [PMID: 39309822 PMCID: PMC11414506 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lungs are exposed to external oxidants from the environment as in harmful particles and smog, causing oxidative stress in the lungs and consequently respiratory ailment. The NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the one with transcriptional regulatory function, while its related protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) inhibits Nrf2 activity. Together, they form the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which regulates the body's defense against oxidative stress. This pathway has been shown to maintain cellular homeostasis during oxidative stressing, inflammation, oncogenesis, and apoptosis by coordinating the expression of cytoprotective genes and making it a potential therapeutic target for respiratory diseases. This paper summarizes this point in detail in Chapter 2. In addition, this article summarizes the current drug development and clinical research progress related to the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, with a focus on the potential of Nrf2 agonists in treating respiratory diseases. Overall, the article reviews the regulatory mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in respiratory diseases and the progress of targeted drug research, aiming to provide new insights for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Song Qin
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, Shandong, 266112, China
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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Zhang J, Zhang J, Yao Z, Shao W, Song Y, Tang W, Li B. GAMG ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis via the regulation of EMT and NLRP3/TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 285:117124. [PMID: 39342756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease caused by exposure to silica characterized by pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, for which there is a lack of effective drugs. Glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (GAMG) can treat silicosis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Here, the effect of therapeutic interventions of GAMG was evaluated in early-stage and advanced silicosis mouse models. GAMG significantly improved fibrotic pathological changes and collagen deposition in the lungs, alleviated lung inflammation in the BALF, reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, NLRP3, TGF-β1, vimentin, Col-Ⅰ, N-cadherin, and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thereby ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, the dose of 100 mg/kg GAMG can effectively prevent early-stage silicosis, while that of 200 mg/kg was recommended for advanced silicosis. In vitro and in vivo study verified that GAMG can suppress EMT through the NLRP3/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Therefore, GAMG could be a promising preventive (early-stage silicosis) and therapeutic (advanced silicosis) strategy, which provides a new idea for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China.
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zongze Yao
- School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanchao Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China
| | - Wenjian Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230041, China.
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Mao QY, Wang XQ, Lin F, Yu MW, Fan HT, Zheng Q, Liu LC, Zhang CC, Li DR, Lin HS. Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko Inhibit Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Ameliorating Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:799-808. [PMID: 38850481 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Buthus martensii karsch (Scorpiones), Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans L. Koch (Scolopendra) and Gekko gecko Linnaeus (Gekko) could ameliorate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and inhibit lung cancer growth and metastasis by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α) signaling pathway. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were inoculated with luciferase labeled LL/2-luc-M38 cell suspension to develop lung cancer models, with rapamycin and cyclophosphamide as positive controls. Carboxy methyl cellulose solutions of Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko were administered intragastrically as 0.33, 0.33, and 0.83 g/kg, respectively once daily for 21 days. Fluorescent expression were detected every 7 days after inoculation, and tumor growth curves were plotted. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine CD31 and HIF-1α expressions in tumor tissue and microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway-related proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in mice. RESULTS Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko prolonged the survival time and inhibited lung cancer metastasis and expression of HIF-1α (all P<0.01). Moreover, Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, they also decreased the expression of CD31, MVD, bFGF, TGF-β1 and VEGF compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION Scorpiones, Scolopendra and Gekko all showed beneficial effects on lung cancer by ameliorating the hypoxic tumor microenvironment via PI3K/AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xue-Qian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ming-Wei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hui-Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lan-Chun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chu-Chu Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dao-Rui Li
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Hong-Sheng Lin
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
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5
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Li Z, Yang Y, Gao F. Monomeric compounds from natural products for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2203-2217. [PMID: 38724690 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of lung injury and chronic lung diseases that results in diminished lung function, respiratory failure, and ultimately mortality. Despite extensive research, the pathogenesis of this disease remains elusive, and effective therapeutic options are currently limited, posing a significant clinical challenge. In addition, research on traditional Chinese medicine and naturopathic medicine is hampered by several complications due to complex composition and lack of reference compounds. Natural product monomers, possessing diverse biological activities and excellent safety profiles, have emerged as potential candidates for preventing and treating PF. The effective anti-PF ingredients identified can be generally divided into flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and alkaloids. Specifically, these monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and other physiopathological processes of the lung through many signaling pathways. They also improve pulmonary factors. Additionally, they ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT) by regulating multiple signal amplifiers in the lungs, thereby mitigating PF. This review highlights the significant role of monomer compounds derived from natural products in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and inhibiting EMT process. The article provides comprehensive information and serves as a solid foundation for further exploration of new strategies to harness the potential of botanicals in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yanyong Yang
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fu Gao
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, China.
- Basic Medical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800, Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Cheng P, Wang Y, Wu Q, Zhang H, Fang W, Feng F. Role of TRIM59 in regulating PPM1A in the pathogenesis of silicosis and the intervention effect of tanshinone IIA. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117014. [PMID: 38908195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examines the involvement of TRIM59 in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and explores the therapeutic efficacy of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA). In vivo experiments conducted on rats with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis unveiled an increase in TRIM59 levels and a decrease in PPM1A levels. Subsequent investigations using in vitro silicosis cell models demonstrated that modulation of TRIM59 expression significantly impacts silicosis fibrosis, influencing the levels of PPM1A and activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between TRIM59 and PPM1A in fibroblasts, wherein TRIM59 facilitated the degradation of PPM1A protein via proteasomal and ubiquitin-mediated pathways. Furthermore, employing a rat model of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, Tan IIA exhibited efficacy in mitigating lung tissue damage and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis validated the upregulation of TRIM59 and downregulation of PPM1A in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which Tan IIA alleviated. In vitro studies elucidated the mechanism by which Tan IIA regulates the Smad2/3 signaling pathway through TRIM59-mediated modulation of PPM1A. Treatment with Tan IIA in silica-induced fibrosis cell models resulted in concentration-dependent reductions in fibrotic markers and attenuation of relevant protein expressions. Tan IIA intervention in silica-induced fibrosis cell models mitigated the TRIM59-induced upregulation of fibrotic markers and enhanced PPM1A expression, thereby partially reversing Smad2/3 activation. Overall, the findings indicate that while overexpression of TRIM59 may activate the Smads pathway by suppressing PPM1A expression, treatment with Tan IIA holds promise in counteracting these effects by inhibiting TRIM59 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Qian Wu
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Huanan Zhang
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - WanLi Fang
- Powerchina Sepco1 Electric Power Construction Co., Ltd. Affiliated Hospital, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China.
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Li H, Wang P, Hu M, Xu S, Li X, Xu D, Feng K, Zhou Q, Chang M, Yao S. Echistatin/BYL-719 impedes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica through modulation of the Integrin β1/ILK/PI3K signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112368. [PMID: 38823175 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is a chronic fibroproliferative lung disease caused by long-term inhalation of crystalline silica dust, characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective treatments available. Recent research suggests that the Integrin β1/ILK/PI3K signaling pathway may be associated with the pathogenesis of silicosis fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effects of Echistatin (Integrin β1 inhibitor) and BYL-719 (PI3K inhibitor) on silicosis rats at 28 and 56 days after silica exposure. Histopathological analysis of rat lung tissue was performed using H&E staining and Masson staining. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR were employed to assess the expression of markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and the Integrin β1/ILK/PI3K pathway in lung tissue. The results showed that Echistatin, BYL 719 or their combination up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin and down-regulated the expression of Vimentin and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including type I and type III collagen. The increase of Snail, AKT and β-catenin in the downstream Integrin β1/ILK/PI3K pathway was inhibited. These results indicate that Echistatin and BYL 719 can inhibit EMT and pulmonary fibrosis by blocking different stages of Integrinβ1 /ILK/PI3K signaling pathway. This indicates that the Integrin β1/ILK/PI3K signaling pathway is associated with silica-induced EMT and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Penghao Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Meng Hu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shushuo Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinxiao Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Deliang Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Kaihao Feng
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Meiyu Chang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China; School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
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Wang G, Xie W, Deng L, Huang X, Sun M, Liu W, Tang S. Nrf2 mediates the effects of shionone on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Chin Med 2024; 19:88. [PMID: 38898509 PMCID: PMC11188511 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended contact with silica particles can lead to Silicosis, a chronic lung condition lacking established treatment protocols or clear mechanisms of development. The urgency for innovative treatments arises from the unavailability of effective treatment methodologies. The origin of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis includes essential processes such as macrophage activation and the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, with oxidative stress playing a pivotal role. Shionone (SHI), a triterpenoid extracted from the Aster tataricus plant, is recognized for its extensive health benefits. This study explores the capability of SHI to alleviate the effects of silica-induced lung fibrosis in mice. METHODS This investigation explored the impact of SHI on lung inflammation and fibrosis at different stages (early and late) triggered by silica in mice, focusing specifically on the initial and more developed phases. It comprised an analysis of isolated peritoneal macrophages and fibroblasts extracted from mice to elucidate SHI's therapeutic potential and its underlying mechanism. The methodology employed encompassed quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blotting to examine macrophage activity and their transition into myofibroblasts. The activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway by SHI was confirmed via immunofluorescence and western blot studies. SHI's antioxidative properties were evidenced by the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS within both macrophages and fibroblasts, using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and MitoSOX, respectively. The relevance of SHI was further underscored by applying ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA to gauge its effectiveness. RESULTS Starting SHI treatment early countered the harmful effects of lung inflammation and fibrosis caused by silica, while initiating SHI at a later phase decelerated the advancement of fibrosis. SHI's action was linked to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway, a boost in antioxidant enzyme levels, and a decrease in oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages affected by silica. Furthermore, SHI prevented the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts prompted by TGF-β, along with the resultant oxidative stress. The beneficial outcomes of SHI were negated when ML385 and Nrf2 siRNA were applied, highlighting the pivotal role of the Nrf2 pathway in SHI's efficacy. CONCLUSION SHI plays a significant role in stimulating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby defending against silica-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in macrophages, and inhibiting the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts due to TGF-β. This suggests that SHI is a viable option for treating lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice suffering from silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Wang
- Shandong Xiehe University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weixi Xie
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lang Deng
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Sun
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Siyuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Jin H, Liu Y, Lei Y, Li G, Huang L, Zhang Z. Hsa_circ_0004214 involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by beryllium sulfate through modulating JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae067. [PMID: 38711927 PMCID: PMC11069455 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic beryllium disease is characterized by granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis and development of many diseases. However, the role of miRNAs and circRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis induced by beryllium sulfate (BeSO4) has not been elucidated. Methods Previous studies demonstrated hsa-miR-663b was down-regulated in the 150 μmol/L BeSO4-treated 16HBE cells, while hsa_circ_ 0004214 was up-regulated. Here we found epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) involved in pulmonary fibrosis induced by BeSO4 (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg·BW) in SD rats. Results Elevated expression of hsa-miR-663b blocked the EMT progression of 16HBE cells induced by 150 μmol/L BeSO4. Notably, the overexpression of hsa-miR-663b decreased the expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), which was predicted as a target gene of hsa-miR-663b by bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, elevated miR-663b inhibited the activation of the downstream Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway induced by BeSO4 in 16HBE cells. Previous study suggested that hsa_circ_0004214 had binding sites for hsa-miR-663b. The results indicated hsa_circ_0004214 alleviated the BeSO4-induced EMT via JAK-STAT pathway in 16HBE cells. Conclusions Collectively, the overexpression of hsa-miR-663b and knockdown of hsa_circ_0004214 attenuated the EMT induced by BeSO4 through the inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The aberrant expressed hsa-miR-663b and hsa_circ_0004214 stimulated by BeSO4 may exert an important function in the toxic mechanism of beryllium exposure to 16HBE cells, providing the potential therapeutic targets in chronic beryllium disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Jin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
| | - Yuandi Lei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
| | - Guilan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
| | - Lian Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of public health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Environmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Road, Hengyang, HN 421001, China
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Shan B, Guo C, Zhou H, Chen J. Tanshinone IIA alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by modulating glutamine metabolic reprogramming based on [U- 13C 5]-glutamine metabolic flux analysis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00172-3. [PMID: 38697470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutamine metabolic reprogramming, mediated by glutaminase (GLS), is an important signal during pulmonary fibrosis (PF) progression. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is a naturally lipophilic diterpene with antioxidant and antifibrotic properties. However, the potential mechanisms of Tan IIA for regulating glutamine metabolic reprogramming are not yet clear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed was to evaluate the role of Tan IIA in intervening in glutamine metabolic reprogramming to exert anti-PF and to explore the potential new mechanisms of metabolic regulation. METHODS Fibrotic characteristics was detected via immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. Cell proliferation was examined with EdU Assay. Cell metabolites were labeled by using stable isotope [U-13C5]-glutamine. By utilizing 100% 13C glutamine tracers and employing network analysis to investigate the activation of metabolic pathways in fibroblasts, as well as evaluating the impact of Tan IIA on these pathways, we accurately quantified the absolute flux of glutaminolysis, proline synthesis, and the TCA cycle pathway using isotopomer network compartmental analysis (INCA), a user-friendly software tool for 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA). Molecular docking was used for identifying the binding of Tan IIA with target protein. RESULTS Tan IIA ameliorate TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast proliferation, reduce collagen I and III and α-SMA protein expression in MRC-5 and NIH-3T3 cells. Furthermore, Tan IIA regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism by modulating TGF-β1-stimulated glutamine metabolic reprogramming in NIH-3T3 cells and inhibiting GLS1 expression, which reduced the metabolic flux of glutamine into mitochondria in myofibroblasts, and also targeted inhibited the expression of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS), P5C reductase 1 (PYCR1), and phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), and reduced proline hydroxylation and blocked the collagen synthesis pathway. CONCLUSION Tan IIA reverses glutamine metabolic reprogramming, reduces mitochondrial energy expenditure, and inhibits collagen matrix synthesis by modulating potential targets in glutamine metabolism. This novel perspective sheds light on the essential role of glutamine metabolic reprogramming in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Congying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haoyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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11
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Chen YY, Wang M, Zuo CY, Mao MX, Peng XC, Cai J. Nrf-2 as a novel target in radiation induced lung injury. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29492. [PMID: 38665580 PMCID: PMC11043957 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common and fatal complication of chest radiotherapy. The underlying mechanisms include radiation-induced oxidative stress caused by damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in apoptosis of lung and endothelial cells and recruitment of inflammatory cells and myofibroblasts expressing NADPH oxidase to the site of injury, which in turn contribute to oxidative stress and cytokine production. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) is a vital transcription factor that regulates oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation. Studies have shown that Nrf-2 protects against radiation-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the protective role of Nrf-2 in RILI and its possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Chen-Yang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Meng-Xia Mao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434023, PR China
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12
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Zhou S, Li Y, Sun W, Ma D, Liu Y, Cheng D, Li G, Ni C. circPVT1 promotes silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by modulating the miR-497-5p/TCF3 axis. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:163-174. [PMID: 38529638 PMCID: PMC11001589 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a vital pathological feature of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. However, whether circRNA is involved in the process remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of circPVT1 in the silica-induced EMT and the underlying mechanisms. We found that an elevated expression of circPVT1 promoted EMT and enhanced the migratory capacity of silica-treated epithelial cells. The isolation of cytoplasmic and nuclear separation assay showed that circPVT1 was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm. RNA immunoprecipitation assay and RNA pull-down experiment indicated that cytoplasmic-localized circPVT1 was capable of binding to miR-497-5p. Furthermore, we found that miR-497-5p attenuated the silica-induced EMT process by targeting transcription factor 3 (TCF3), an E-cadherin transcriptional repressor, in the silica-treated epithelial cells. Collectively, these results reveal a novel role of the circPVT1/miR-497-5p/TCF3 axis in the silica-induced EMT process in lung epithelial cells. Once validated, this finding may provide a potential theoretical basis for the development of interventions and treatments for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yan Li
- Biomedical Publications Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wenqing Sun
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Dongyu Ma
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Demin Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Guanru Li
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Zhang H, Qiu J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Dou Z, Yan Y. Tanshinone IIA alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting Zbtb16. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2024; 84:102285. [PMID: 38191069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2024.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a complex disease that can occur in a variety of clinical settings. The Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 16 (Zbtb16) is a transcription factor and has not been studied in pulmonary fibrosis. Lung tissues from rats which were treated with bleomycin and Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) were collected for mRNA sequencing. Zbtb16, a differentially expressed gene, was screened. Using adeno-associated virus to knock down Zbtb16 in rats, it was found that the lung index and the content of hydroxyproline in lung tissue were decreased. HE and Masson staining revealed that pathological symptoms of lung histopathology were relieved after Zbtb16 knockdown. Protein expressions of α-SMA, Collagen I and Fibronectin were significantly decreased after Zbtb16 knockdown in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, the protein content of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 were inhibited by Zbtb16 knockdown. Conversely, under the treatment of Tan IIA and TGF-β1, overexpression of Zbtb16 improved cell viability, increased the expression of fibrosis-related proteins, and promoted the phosphorylation of Smad 2/3. All above demonstrates that Zbtb16 inhibition ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis and suppresses the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Furthermore, Zbtb16 mediates the inhibitory process of Tan IIA on pulmonary fibrosis. This study provides a novel candidate therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Jianli Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Ziying Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yongbin Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, PR China.
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14
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Jiang Y, Hu F, Li M, Li Q. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates the development of dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13834. [PMID: 38037494 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously revealed the role of tanshinone IIA (TAN IIA) on endothelial cells and the impact of TAN IIA on the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this study, we sought to further determine whether TAN IIA can directly act on the skin fibroblasts of scleroderma and look into its underlying anti-fibrotic mechanisms. METHODS Bleomycin was used to establish the SSc mouse model. After TAN IIA treatment, dermal thickness, type I collagen and hydroxyproline content were measured. Primary fibroblasts were acquired from SSc patients and cultured in vitro, and the effects of TAN IIA on proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle of fibroblasts were detected. RESULTS In a bleomycin-induced SSc model, we discovered that TAN IIA significantly improved skin thickness and collagen deposition, demonstrating a potent anti-fibrotic action. TAN IIA inhibits the proliferation of skin fibroblasts derived from SSc patients by causing G2/M cell cycle arrest and promoting apoptosis. Additionally, TAN IIA downregulated extracellular matrix gene transcription and collagen protein expression in skin fibroblasts in a dose-gradient-dependent manner. Furthermore, we showed how TAN IIA can reduce the activation of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which are important factors in SSc. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these data suggest that TAN IIA can reduce SSc-related skin fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β/Smad and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways. More importantly, our results imply that TAN IIA can directly act on the skin fibroblasts of SSc, therefore, inhibiting fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Shan B, Zhou H, Guo C, Liu X, Wu M, Zhai R, Chen J. Tanshinone IIA ameliorates energy metabolism dysfunction of pulmonary fibrosis using 13C metabolic flux analysis. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:244-258. [PMID: 38464785 PMCID: PMC10921327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming characterized by the changes in cellular metabolic patterns contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). It is considered as a promising therapeutic target anti-PF. The well-documented against PF properties of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) have been primarily attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potency. Emerging evidence suggests that Tan IIA may target energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, the detailed and advanced mechanisms underlying the anti-PF activities remain obscure. In this study, we applied [U-13C]-glucose metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to examine metabolism flux disruption and modulation nodes of Tan IIA in PF. We identified that Tan IIA inhibited the glycolysis and TCA flux, thereby suppressing the production of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-dependent extracellular matrix and the differentiation and proliferation of myofibroblasts in vitro. We further revealed that Tan IIA inhibited the expression of key metabolic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) pathway activities, which decreased the accumulation of abnormal metabolites. Notably, we demonstrated that Tan IIA inhibited ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) activity, which reduced the collagen synthesis pathway caused by cytosol citrate consumption. Further, these results were validated in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced PF. This study was novel in exploring the mechanism of the occurrence and development of Tan IIA in treating PF using 13C-MFA technology. It provided a novel understanding of the mechanism of Tan IIA against PF from the perspective of metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haoyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Congying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Li J, Deng B, Zhang J, Zhang X, Cheng L, Li G, Su P, Miao X, Yang W, Xie J, Wang R. The Peptide DH α-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH 2 Exhibits Antifibrotic Activity in Multiple Pulmonary Fibrosis Models Induced by Particulate and Soluble Chemical Fibrogenic Agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:701-714. [PMID: 38129127 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of restrictive lung diseases characterized by interstitial inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. The incidence of ILDs associated with exposure to multiple hazards such as inhaled particles, fibers, and ingested soluble chemicals is increasing yearly, and there are no ideal drugs currently available. Our previous research showed that the novel and low-toxicity peptide DHα-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH2 (DR3penA) had a strong antifibrotic effect on a bleomycin-induced murine model. Based on the druggability of DR3penA, we sought to investigate its effects on respirable particulate silicon dioxide (SiO2)- and soluble chemical paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in this study by using western blot, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, H&E and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and serum biochemical assays. The results showed that DR3penA alleviated the extent of fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of fibronectin and collagen I and suppressed oxidative stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro and in vivo. Further study revealed that DR3penA may mitigate pulmonary fibrosis by negatively regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Unexpectedly, through the conversion of drug bioavailability under different routes of administration, DR3penA exerted antifibrotic effects equivalent to those of the positive control drug pirfenidone (PFD) at lower doses. In summary, DR3penA may be a promising lead compound for various fibrotic ILDs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Our study verified that DHα-(4-pentenyl)-ANPQIR-NH2 (DR3penA) exhibited positive antifibrotic activity in pulmonary fibrosis induced by silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles and soluble chemical paraquat (PQ) and demonstrated a low-dose advantage compared to the small-molecule drug pirfenidone (PFD). The peptide DR3penA can be further developed for the treatment of multiple fibrotic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bochuan Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofeng Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Su
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaokang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenle Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junqiu Xie
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (J.L., R.W.); Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School (J.L.) and Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066 (B.D., J.Z., X.Z., P.S., X.M., W.Y., J.X., R.W.), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; and School of Biomedical Engineering (L.C.) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.L.), Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Wei H, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhang S, Yin J, Liu Y, Xing L, Bao J, Li J. Intermittent mild cold stimulation alleviates cold stress-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103246. [PMID: 37980728 PMCID: PMC10685030 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the potential protective effect of intermittent cold stimulation on lung tissues of broilers exposed to acute cold stress (ACS). A total of 384 one-day-old broilers were assigned to 4 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 16 birds each: control (CON) and ACS groups were reared at normal feeding temperature from d 1 to 42; cold treatment groups (CS3+ACS and CS9+ACS) were reared, respectively, at 3°C or 9°C for 5 h on alternate days below the CON group from d 15 to 35. Animals in CS3+ACS, CS9+ACS, and ACS groups were exposed at 10°C for 24 h on d 43. Subsequently, lung tissues were collected to perform histopathological examination and measurement of relevant indexes. The results showed that lung tissues in CS9+ACS and ACS groups exhibited increased inflammatory cell infiltrates and collagen deposition compared to the CON group, while this pathological phenomenon was less pronounced in the CS3+ACS group. Compared to CON group, H2O2 and MDA contents were increased, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, T-AOC) were reduced in CS9+ACS and ACS group (P < 0.05); mRNA and protein levels of inhibitor of NF-κB, Smad7, matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2, MMP9, and antioxidant-related genes were downregulated, whereas mRNA and protein levels of genes related to NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway-regulated inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad pathway-regulated fibrosis were upregulated in cold-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, and MMP9 were increased in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression of most antioxidant-related genes was increased, and that of inflammation- and fibrosis-related genes was reduced in CS3+ACS group (P < 0.05). Therefore, cold stress caused oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to pulmonary fibrosis in broilers, whereas intermittent mild cold stimulation at 3°C below normal rearing temperature alleviated fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad pathway modulated by the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study suggests that intermittent mild cold stimulation can be a potential strategy to reduce ACS-induced lung damage in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Lu Xing
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 150030 Harbin, China.
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18
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Gao Y, Yang Z, He K, Wang Z, Zhang T, Yi J, Zhao L. Voluntary wheel-running improved pulmonary fibrosis by reducing epithelial mesenchymal transformation. Life Sci 2023; 331:122066. [PMID: 37666388 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary fibrosis seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. Exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its effect on pulmonary fibrosis is unclear. In this study, the effect and mechanism of exercise on pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat were detected. MAIN METHODS Three data sets were retrieved from GEO data. The biological significance of DEGs generation was determined by GO, KEGG, GSEA, and PPI. Thirty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and exercise group. H&E staining, Masson staining, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to explore the results. The levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, and GSH in lung tissue were analyzed with detection kits. The levels of inflammatory factors in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the control group, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrotic lesions were increased in the model group. Compared with the model group, voluntary wheel-running reducing the EMT of alveolar epithelial cells, the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the level of oxidative distress. Moreover, compared to model group, the serum IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ were increased, while the serum CXCL1 were decreased, while the levels of CXCL1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased in exercise group. SIGNIFICANCE Voluntary wheel-running reduced inflammatory infiltration and upregulated the expression of antioxidative distress proteins, further to improve the degree of EMT, and ultimately alleviated paraquat induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaoyun Yang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Kang He
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Tingyu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
| | - Lijing Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China.
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Liu S, Jin R, Zheng G, Wang Y, Li Q, Jin F, Li Y, Li T, Mao N, Wei Z, Li G, Fan Y, Xu H, Li S, Yang F. Ac-SDKP promotes KIF3A-mediated β-catenin suppression through a ciliary mechanism to constrain silica-induced epithelial-myofibroblast transition. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115411. [PMID: 37651800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesin family member 3 A (KIF3A) decrease have been reported in silicotic patients and rats. However, the detailed mechanisms of KIF3A in silicosis remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that KIF3A effectively blocked the expression of β-catenin and downstream myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A/serum response factor (SRF) signaling, thus inhibiting silica-induced epithelial-myofibroblast transition (EMyT). Moreover, KIF3A was identified as a downstream mediator of an antifibrotic tetrapeptide N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP). Knockdown of KIF3A expression reactivated β-catenin/myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-A/serum response factor (SRF) signaling that was attenuated by Ac-SDKP in vitro. Collectively, our findings suggest that Ac-SDKP plays its anti-fibrosis role via KIF3A-mediated β-catenin suppression, at least in part, in both in vivo model of silicosis and in vitro model of EMyT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ruotong Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Gaigai Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fuyu Jin
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Tian Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Na Mao
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wei
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Gengxu Li
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Health Science Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Shifeng Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Fang Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Organ Fibrosis Research, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
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20
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Qin S, Tan P, Xie J, Zhou Y, Zhao J. A systematic review of the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine against pulmonary fibrosis: from a pharmacological perspective. Chin Med 2023; 18:96. [PMID: 37537605 PMCID: PMC10398979 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease caused by a variety of etiologies. The disease can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the lung tissue structure, severely affecting respiratory function and posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants are the main drugs used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, but their efficacy is limited and they can cause serious adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines have important research value and potential for clinical application in anti-pulmonary fibrosis. In recent years, more and more scientific researches have been conducted on the use of traditional Chinese medicine to improve or reduce pulmonary fibrosis, and some important breakthroughs have been made. This review paper systematically summarized the research progress of pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines and their active compounds in improving or reducing pulmonary fibrosis. We conducted a systematic search in several main scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonia, natural products, herbal medicine, and therapeutic methods. Ultimately, 252 articles were included and systematically evaluated in this analysis. The anti-fibrotic mechanisms of these traditional Chinese medicine studies can be roughly categorized into 5 main aspects, including inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improvement of extracellular matrix deposition, mediation of apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The purpose of this article is to provide pharmaceutical researchers with information on the progress of scientific research on improving or reducing Pulmonary fibrosis with traditional Chinese medicine, and to provide reference for further pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanbo Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Junjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Evaluation of TCM Quality of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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21
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Shan J, Wu MY, Zhang YC, Lin YJ, Cheng B, Gao YR, Liu ZH, Xu HM. Hsa-miR-379 down-regulates Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I cascade reaction by targeting connective tissue growth factor in human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. Cytokine 2023; 166:156191. [PMID: 37002970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to screen and identify miRNAs that could regulate human CTGF gene and downstream cascade reaction Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I by bioinformatics and experimental means. METHODS TargetScan and Tarbase were used to predict miRNAs that may have regulatory effects on human CTGF gene. The dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to verify the results obtained in bioinformatics. Human alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells were exposed to silica (SiO2) culture medium for 24 h to establish an in vitro model of pulmonary fibrosis, and bleomycin (BLM) of 100 ng/mL was used as a positive control. The miRNA and mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels were measured by western blot in hsa-miR-379-3p overexpression group or not. RESULTS A total of 9 differentially expressed miRNAs that might regulate the human CTGF gene were predicted. Hsa-miR-379-3p and hsa-miR-411-3p were selected for the subsequent experiments. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that hsa-miR-379-3p could bind to CTGF, but hsa-miR-411-3p could not. Compared with the control group, SiO2 exposure (25 and 50 μg/mL) could significantly reduce the expression level of hsa-miR-379-3p in A549 cells. SiO2 exposure (50 μg/mL) could significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of CTGF, Collagen I, Rac1, MLK3, JNK, AP1, and VIM in A549 cells, while CDH1 level was significantly decreased. Compared with SiO2 + NC group, the mRNA expression levels of CTGF, Collagen I, Rac1, MLK3, JNK, AP1, and VIM were significantly decreased, and CDH1 level was significantly higher when hsa-miR-379-3p was overexpressed. At the same time, overexpression of hsa-miR-379-3p improved the protein levels of CTGF, Collagen I, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun, JNK1 and phospho-JNK1 significantly compared with SiO2 + NC group. CONCLUSION Hsa-miR-379-3p was demonstrated for the first time that could directly target and down-regulate human CTGF gene, and further affect the expression levels of key genes and proteins in Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1/Collagen I cascade reaction.
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22
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Li R, Kang H, Chen S. From Basic Research to Clinical Practice: Considerations for Treatment Drugs for Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098333. [PMID: 37176040 PMCID: PMC10179659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis, characterized by irreversible pulmonary fibrosis, remains a major global public health problem. Nowadays, cumulative studies are focusing on elucidating the pathogenesis of silicosis in order to identify preventive or therapeutic antifibrotic agents. However, the existing research on the mechanism of silica-dust-induced pulmonary fibrosis is only the tip of the iceberg and lags far behind clinical needs. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), as a pulmonary fibrosis disease, also has the same problem. In this study, we examined the relationship between silicosis and IPF from the perspective of their pathogenesis and fibrotic characteristics, further discussing current drug research and limitations of clinical application in silicosis. Overall, this review provided novel insights for clinical treatment of silicosis with the hope of bridging the gap between research and practice in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Huimin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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23
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Wang G, Qin S, Chen L, Geng H, Zheng Y, Xia C, Yao J, Deng L. Butyrate dictates ferroptosis sensitivity through FFAR2-mTOR signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:292. [PMID: 37185889 PMCID: PMC10130170 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in health maintenance and disease development. In particular, butyrate is known to induce apoptosis and autophagy. However, it remains largely unclear whether butyrate can regulate cell ferroptosis, and the mechanism by which has not been studied. In this study, we found that RAS-selective lethal compound 3 (RSL3)- and erastin-induced cell ferroptosis were enhanced by sodium butyrate (NaB). With regard to the underlying mechanism, our results showed that NaB promoted ferroptosis by inducing lipid ROS production via downregulating the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Moreover, the FFAR2-AKT-NRF2 axis and FFAR2-mTORC1 axis accounts for the NaB-mediated downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4, respectively, in a cAMP-PKA-dependent manner. Functionally, we found that NaB can inhibit tumor growth and the inhibitory effect could be eliminated by administrating MHY1485 (mTORC1 activator) and Ferr-1 (ferroptosis inhibitor). Altogether, in vivo results suggest that NaB treatment is correlated to the mTOR-dependent ferroptosis and consequent tumor growth through xenografts and colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis, implicating the potential clinical applications of NaB for future colorectal cancer treatments. Based on all these findings, we have proposed a regulatory mechanism via which butyrate inhibits the mTOR pathway to control ferroptosis and consequent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuoYan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - SenLin Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Laboratory Safety and Services, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - HuiJun Geng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - YiNing Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - JunHu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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24
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Yao J, Li Y, Meng F, Shen W, Wen H. Enhancement of suppression oxidative stress and inflammation of quercetin by nano-decoration for ameliorating silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37017410 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a life-threatening lung fibrotic disease caused by excessive inhalation of environmental exposure to crystalline silica-containing dust, whereas achieving therapeutic cures are constrained. Antioxidation and anti-inflammation are currently recognized as effective strategies to counteract organ fibrosis. Using naturally occurring phytomedicines quercetin (Qu) has emerged in antagonizing fibrotic disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation, but unfortunately the hydrophilicity deficiency. Herein, chitosan-assisted encapsulation of Qu in nanoparticles (Qu/CS-NPs) was first fabricated for silicosis-associated fibrosis treatment by pulmonary delivery. Qu/CS-NPs with spherical diameters of ~160 nm, demonstrated a high Qu encapsulated capability, excellent hydrophilic stability, fantastic oxidation radical scavenging action, and outstanding controlled as well as slow release Qu action. A silicosis rat model induced by intratracheal instillation silica was established to estimate the anti-fibrosis effect of Qu/CS-NPs. After intratracheal administration, CS-NPs markedly enhanced Qu anti-fibrotic therapy efficacy, accompanying the evident changes in reducing ROS and MDA production to mitigate oxidative stress, inhibiting IL-1β and TNF-α release, improving lung histological architecture, down-regulating α-SAM levels and suppressing ECM deposition, and thereby ameliorating silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Results manifested that the augmented antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Qu by CS-NPs delivery was a result of achieving this remarkable improvement in curative effects. Combined with negligible systemic toxicity, nano-decorated Qu may provide a feasible therapeutic option for silicosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- School of Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenwen Shen
- School of Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Deep Reduction and Occupational Health and Safety of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Health and Safety, Ministry of Education, Huainan, China
| | - Hao Wen
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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25
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Wang Q, Li W, Hu H, Lu X, Qin S. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine: New hopes for drug discovery in pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114226. [PMID: 36657302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and irreversible pulmonary disease, and can lead to decreased lung function, respiratory failure and even death. The pathogenesis research and treatment strategy of PF significantly lag behind the medical progress and clinical needs. The treatment of this disease remains a thorny clinical problem, and the effective therapeutic drugs are still limited. Monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine own various biological activities and high safety. They play a broad part in treating diseases and is also a candidate drug for preventing and treating PF. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism of action and potential value of various anti-PF monomeric compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. These monomeric compounds can attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, epithelial mesenchymal transformation and other processes of lung through many signaling pathways, and inhibit the activation and differentiation of fibroblasts, thus contributing to the treatment of PF. This review can provide new ideas for the development of anti-PF drugs in high efficiency with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Haibo Hu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Xuechao Lu
- Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji'nan 250355, China; Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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26
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Hai YP, Lee ACH, Chen K, Kahaly GJ. Traditional Chinese medicine in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2023; 46:1103-1113. [PMID: 36781592 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital fibroblasts (OF) are considered the central target cells in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), which comprises orbital inflammation, orbital tissue edema, adipogenesis, fibrosis, oxidative stress and autophagy. Certain active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in pre-clinical studies and they could be translated into novel therapeutic strategies. METHODS The pertinent and current literature of pre-clinical studies on TAO investigating the effects of active ingredients of TCM was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database. RESULTS Eleven TCM compounds demonstrated inhibition of TAO-OF in-vitro and three of them (polydatin, curcumin, and gypenosides) resulted in improvement in TAO mouse models. Tanshinone IIA reduced inflammation, oxidative stress and adipogenesis. Both resveratrol and its precursor polydatin displayed anti-oxidative and anti-adipogenic properties. Celastrol inhibited inflammation and triptolide prevented TAO-OF activation, while icariin inhibited autophagy and adipogenesis. Astragaloside IV reduced inflammation via suppressing autophagy and inhibited fat accumulation as well as collagen deposition. Curcumin displayed multiple actions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-adipogenic, anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects via multiple signaling pathways. Gypenosides reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue fibrosis, as well as oxidative stress mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Dihydroartemisinin inhibited OF proliferation, inflammation, hyaluronan (HA) production, and fibrosis. Berberine attenuated inflammation, HA production, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trials of different phases with adequate power and sound methodology will be warranted to evaluate the appropriate dosage, safety and efficacy of these compounds in the management of TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Hai
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - A C H Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - G J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Mao X, Xie X, Ma J, Wei Y, Huang Z, Wang T, Zhu J, Wang Y, Zhao H, Hua J. Chlorogenic Acid Inhibited Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Treat Pulmonary Fibrosis through Modulating Autophagy. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:929-938. [PMID: 37394644 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA), derived from dicotyledons and ferns, has been demonstrated with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and free radical-scavenging effects and can be used to treat pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the specific mechanism by which CGA treats PF needs to be further investigated. In this study, in vivo experiment was firstly performed to evaluate the effects of CGA on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF mice. Then, the effects of CGA on EMT and autophagy was assessed using transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) 1-induced EMT model in vitro. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) was used to verify that the inhibitory mechanism of CGA on EMT was associated with activating autophagy. Our results found that 60 mg/kg of CGA treatment significantly ameliorated lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice with BLM-induced PF. Besides, CGA inhibited EMT and promoted autophagy in mice with PF. In vitro studies also demonstrated that 50 µM of CGA treatment inhibited EMT and induced autophagy related factors in TGF-β1-induced EMT cell model. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of CGA on autophagy and EMT in vitro was abolished after using autophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, CGA could inhibit EMT to treat BLM-induced PF in mice through, activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jun Ma
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Yulin Wei
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Zhu
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Yue Wang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
| | - Huan Zhao
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong
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Chinese medicinal plant Polygonum cuspidatum ameliorates silicosis via suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) extract has effect on silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the anti-pulmonary-fibrosis effects and mechanism of PC. Sprague–Dawley rat model was constructed by inhalation of silicon dioxide suspension through tracheal intubation method. And histopathological examination showed that PC inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous and collagen hyperplasia, and protected the normal structure of alveoli. TUNEL assay declared that PC retarded cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, up-regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor, plated-derived growth factor, and TNF-α in silicosis rats was decreased by PC addition. In addition, human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). PC administration increased the proliferation and invasion of TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells whereas decreased cell apoptosis. Moreover, western blotting exhibited that PC treatment decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and collagen III in silicosis rats and TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells. Furthermore, the levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins were up-regulated in silicosis rats and TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells, which were weakened by PC treatment. Meanwhile, Wnt3a (an activator of Wnt/β-catenin) addition reversed the effect of PC addition. In conclusion, PC prevents silica-induced fibrosis through inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Wang T, Ou L, Li X, Zhang P, Miao Q, Niu R, Chen Y. Inhibition of Galectin-3 attenuates silica particles-induced silicosis via regulating the GSK-3β/β-catenin signal pathway-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 368:110218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The Role of Nrf2 in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091685. [PMID: 36139759 PMCID: PMC9495339 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, incurable interstitial lung disease with high mortality after diagnosis and remains a global public health problem. Despite advances and breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, there are still no effective methods for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The existing treatment options are imperfect, expensive, and have considerable limitations in effectiveness and safety. Hence, there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular antioxidative responses, inflammation, and restoration of redox balance. Accumulating reports reveal that Nrf2 activators exhibit potent antifibrosis effects and significantly attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes the current Nrf2-related knowledge about the regulatory mechanism and potential therapies in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Nrf2 orchestrates the activation of multiple protective genes that target inflammation, oxidative stress, fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation (FMD), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the mechanisms involve Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant, Nrf2/HO−1/NQO1, Nrf2/NOX4, and Nrf2/GSH signaling pathway. We hope to indicate potential for Nrf2 system as a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Hao W, Li M, Cai Q, Wu S, Li X, He Q, Hu Y. Roles of NRF2 in Fibrotic Diseases: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:889792. [PMID: 35721561 PMCID: PMC9203969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.889792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a persistent inflammatory response that causes scarring and tissue sclerosis by stimulating myofibroblasts to create significant quantities of extracellular matrix protein deposits in the tissue. Oxidative stress has also been linked to the development of fibrosis in several studies. The nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor controls the expression of several detoxification and antioxidant genes. By binding to antioxidant response elements, NRF2 is activated by oxidative or electrophilic stress and promotes its target genes, resulting in a protective effect on cells. NRF2 is essential for cell survival under oxidative stress conditions. This review describes Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NRF2 signaling mechanisms and presents recent research advances regarding NRF2 and its involvement in primary fibrotic lesions such as pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, myocardial fibrosis, and renal fibrosis. The related antioxidant substances and drugs are described, along with the mechanisms by which KEAP1/NRF2 regulation positively affects the therapeutic response. Finally, the therapeutic prospects and potential value of NRF2 in fibrosis are summarized. Further studies on NRF2 may provide novel therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Hao
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingmin Cai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiying Wu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quanyu He
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yongbin Hu,
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Liu J, Wu Z, Liu Y, Zhan Z, Yang L, Wang C, Jiang Q, Ran H, Li P, Wang Z. ROS-responsive liposomes as an inhaled drug delivery nanoplatform for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treatment via Nrf2 signaling. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:213. [PMID: 35524280 PMCID: PMC9074278 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic disease with pathophysiological characteristics of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced excessive fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix deposition. Macrophages are closely involved in the development of fibrosis. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key molecule regulating ROS and TGF-β expression. Therefore, Nrf2 signaling modulation might be a promising therapy for fibrosis. The inhalation-based drug delivery can reduce systemic side effects and improve therapeutic effects, and is currently receiving increasing attention, but direct inhaled drugs are easily cleared and difficult to exert their efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to design a ROS-responsive liposome for the Nrf2 agonist dimethyl fumarate (DMF) delivery in the fibrotic lung. Moreover, we explored its therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis and macrophage activation. Results We synthesized DMF-loaded ROS-responsive DSPE-TK-PEG@DMF liposomes (DTP@DMF NPs). DTP@DMF NPs had suitable size and negative zeta potential and excellent capability to rapidly release DMF in a high-ROS environment. We found that macrophage accumulation and polarization were closely related to fibrosis development, while DTP@DMF NPs could attenuate macrophage activity and fibrosis in mice. RAW264.7 and NIH-3T3 cells coculture revealed that DTP@DMF NPs could promote Nrf2 and downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and suppress TGF-β and ROS production in macrophages, thereby reducing fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and collagen production by NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo experiments confirmed the above findings. Compared with direct DMF instillation, DTP@DMF NPs treatment presented enhanced antifibrotic effect. DTP@DMF NPs also had a prolonged residence time in the lung as well as excellent biocompatibility. Conclusions DTP@DMF NPs can reduce macrophage-mediated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix deposition to attenuate lung fibrosis by upregulating Nrf2 signaling. This ROS-responsive liposome is clinically promising as an ideal delivery system for inhaled drug delivery. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01435-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuohong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinqin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Targeting Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Using Tanshinone IIA for the Treatment of Tissue Inflammation and Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2811789. [PMID: 35432718 PMCID: PMC9010204 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2811789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen), a member of the Lamiaceae family, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for many centuries as a valuable medicinal herb with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potential. Several evidence-based reports have suggested that Salvia miltiorrhiza and its components prevent vascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis. Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA), a lipophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, has gained attention because of its possible preventive and curative activity against cardiovascular disorders. TanIIA, which possesses antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties, could be a key component in the therapeutic potential of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Vascular diseases are often initiated by endothelial dysfunction, which is accompanied by vascular inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize how TanIIA suppresses tissue inflammation and fibrosis through signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR/eNOS, TGF-β1/Smad2/3, NF-κB, JNK/SAPK (stress-activated protein kinase)/MAPK, and ERK/Nrf2 pathways. In brief, this review illustrates the therapeutic value of TanIIA in the alleviation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis, which are critical components of cardiovascular disorders.
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Guan D, Zhou W, Wei H, Wang T, Zheng K, Yang C, Feng R, Xu R, Fu Y, Li C, Li Y, Li C. Ferritinophagy-Mediated Ferroptosis and Activation of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Were Conducive to EMT Inhibition of Gastric Cancer Cells in Action of 2,2'-Di-pyridineketone Hydrazone Dithiocarbamate Butyric Acid Ester. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3920664. [PMID: 35237380 PMCID: PMC8885181 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3920664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In metastasis of cancer cells, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is prerequired. Ferroptosis is an iron-mediated cellular death process, but whether it involves EMT regulation remains elusive. In addition, how stress responders (Nrf2) respond to the redox alteration and cross-talking between them needs to be determined. Our data revealed that DpdtbA (2,2'-di-pyridineketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate butyric acid ester) resisted TGF-β1-induced EMT in gastric cancer lines (SGC-7901 and MGC-823) through ferritinophagy-mediated ROS production. Furthermore, the depletion of Gpx4 and xCT as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation indicated that DpdtbA acted as Erastin did in ferroptosis induction, which thus provided chance to explore the causal relationship between ferroptosis and EMT. Our data illustrated that ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis promoted the EMT inhibition. In addition, activated Nrf2 involved the regulation on both ferroptosis and EMT in response to the alteration in the cellular redox environment. In brief, ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis and activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were conducive to the EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Huiping Wei
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Kangwei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chunjie Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yun Fu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Cuiping Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
| | - Yongli Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Changzheng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China 453003
- Experimental Teaching Center of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Estornut C, Milara J, Bayarri MA, Belhadj N, Cortijo J. Targeting Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Approach for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:794997. [PMID: 35126133 PMCID: PMC8815729 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.794997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis within the alveolar wall that are not due to infection or cancer. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key molecular process in pulmonary fibrosis development and different components of the redox system are altered in the cellular actors participating in lung fibrosis. To this respect, several activators of the antioxidant machinery and inhibitors of the oxidant species and pathways have been assayed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models and in different clinical trials. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress in the development and progression of IPF and its underlying mechanisms as well as the evidence of oxidative stress in human IPF. Finally, we analyze the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the current status of different drugs developed to inhibit the oxidative stress as anti-fibrotic therapy in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Estornut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - Javier Milara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Estornut, ; Javier Milara,
| | - María Amparo Bayarri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nada Belhadj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERES, Health Institute Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, Valencia, Spain
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Zhong C, Lin Z, Ke L, Shi P, Li S, Huang L, Lin X, Yao H. Recent Research Progress (2015-2021) and Perspectives on the Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778847. [PMID: 34819867 PMCID: PMC8606659 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is an important characteristic component and active ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and its various aspects of research are constantly being updated to explore its potential application. In this paper, we review the recent progress on pharmacological activities and the therapeutic mechanisms of Tan IIA according to literature during the years 2015-2021. Tan IIA shows multiple pharmacological effects, including anticarcinogenic, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and motor systems activities. Tan IIA modulates multi-targets referring to Nrf2, AMPK, GSK-3β, EGFR, CD36, HO-1, NOX4, Beclin-1, TLR4, TNF-α, STAT3, Caspase-3, and bcl-2 proteins and multi-pathways including NF-κB, SIRT1/PGC1α, MAPK, SREBP-2/Pcsk9, Wnt, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, TGF-β/Smad and Hippo/YAP pathways, etc., which directly or indirectly influence disease course. Further, with the reported targets, the potential effects and possible mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases were predicted by bioinformatic analysis. This paper provides new insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Fu K, Shao L, Mei L, Li H, Feng Y, Tian W, Huan Y, Cao R. Tanshinone ⅡA inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and protects bovine endometrial epithelial cells from pyolysin-induced damage by modulating the NF-κB/Snail2 signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2021; 176:217-224. [PMID: 34628084 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mixed infection with Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) leads to purulent endometritis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tanshinone ⅡA (Tan ⅡA) on E. coli and T. pyogenes -induced purulent endometritis and explore the underlying mechanism. First, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from E. coli and bacteria-free filtrates (BFFs) isolated from T. pyogenes were used to induce a model of bovine endometrial epithelial cell (bEEC) damage in vitro. bEECs were pretreated with or without Tan ⅡA for 2 h, before LPS and BFFs were introduced to induce damage to investigate the protective effect of Tan IIA. Then, the cytolytic activity and inflammatory response in bEECs were examined using CCK-8, LDH and RT-qPCR assays. Furthermore, we confirmed the molecular mechanism by which Tan ⅡA reversed the damaged phenotypes in LPS- and BFFs-induced bEECs via the NF-κB/Snail2 pathway using qPCR and Western blotting. Tan ⅡA significantly decreased the cytolytic activity and inflammatory response in LPS- and BFFs-induced bEECs. In addition, Tan ⅡA reversed the dysregulation of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin. Moreover, Tan ⅡA significantly inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and decreased the expression level of Snail2, which is the main regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In summary, Tan ⅡA inhibits the LPS-induced EMT and protects bEECs from pyolysin-induced damage by modulating the NF-κB/Snail2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Fu
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Shao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Mei
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Huatao Li
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Feng
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Tian
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Huan
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Cao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
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Ye Z, Hu Y. TGF‑β1: Gentlemanly orchestrator in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:132. [PMID: 34013369 PMCID: PMC8136122 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a worldwide disease characterized by the chronic and irreversible decline of lung function. Currently, there is no drug to successfully treat the disease except for lung transplantation. Numerous studies have been devoted to the study of the fibrotic process of IPF and findings showed that transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) plays a central role in the development of IPF. TGF‑β1 promotes the fibrotic process of IPF through various signaling pathways, including the Smad, MAPK, and ERK signaling pathways. There are intersections between these signaling pathways, which provide new targets for researchers to study new drugs. In addition, TGF‑β1 can affect the fibrosis process of IPF by affecting oxidative stress, epigenetics and other aspects. Most of the processes involved in TGF‑β1 promote IPF, but TGF‑β1 can also inhibit it. This review discusses the role of TGF‑β1 in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ye
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Hu
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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Wang L, Li S, Yao Y, Yin W, Ye T. The role of natural products in the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: a review. Food Funct 2021; 12:990-1007. [PMID: 33459740 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an incurable end-stage lung disease and remains a global public health problem. Although there have been some breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, effective intervention methods are still limited. Natural products have the advantages of multiple biological activities and high levels of safety, which are important factors for preventing and treating pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms and health benefits of natural products against pulmonary fibrosis. These natural products target oxidative stress, inflammatory injury, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix accumulation and metabolic regulation, and the mechanisms involve the NF-κB, TGF-β1/Smad, PI3K/Akt, p38 MAPK, Nrf2-Nox4, and AMPK signaling pathways. We hope to provide new ideas for pulmonary fibrosis prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. and West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sha Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wenya Yin
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Guo H, Jian Z, Liu H, Cui H, Deng H, Fang J, Zuo Z, Wang X, Zhao L, Geng Y, Ouyang P, Tang H. TGF-β1-induced EMT activation via both Smad-dependent and MAPK signaling pathways in Cu-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115500. [PMID: 33744278 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is considered as an essential trace element for living organisms. However, over-exposure to Cu can lead to adverse health effects on human and animals. There are limited researches on pulmonary toxicity induced by Cu. Here, we found that copper sulfate (CuSO4)-treatment could induce pulmonary fibrosis with Masson staining and up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of Collagen I and α-Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) in mice. Next, the mechanism underlying Cu-induced pulmonary fibrosis was explored, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated Smad pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CuSO4 triggered pulmonary fibrosis by activation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, which was accomplished by increasing TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein and mRNA expression levels. Also, up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-p38 demonstrated that CuSO4 activated MAPKs pathways. Concurrently, EMT was activated by increasing vimentin and N-cadherin while decreasing E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression levels. Altogether, the abovementioned findings indicate that CuSO4 treatment may induce pulmonary fibrosis through the activation of EMT induced by TGF-β1/Smad pathway and MAPKs pathways, revealing the mechanism Cu-caused pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural information engineering of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Yaan, Sichuan, 625014, China.
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
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Bi Z, Wang Y, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of tanshinone IIA and its derivatives in fibrosis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111404. [PMID: 33761617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the most abundant lipid-soluble component in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Both Tan IIA and its derivatives including Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) have been widely used in clinic due to their proved anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-fibrosis functions. Recently, combinations containing Tan IIA and active components have attracted intensive interest in fibrosis. Multiple studies have been conducted to attempt to decipher the mechanisms of this traditional Chinese medicine and found that Tan IIA can attenuate fibrosis through different pathways such as Smad2/3, NF-κB, Nrf2, E2F and snail/twist axis. However, some of the studies were contradictory and confusing. Therefore, it was important to develop an easy-to-access reference for clinic use. In this study, we reviewed the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology of Tan IIA and its derivatives in the treatment of fibrosis and introduced the cutting-edge new formulation of Tan IIA compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyang Bi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yayun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pneumology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Luo X, Deng Q, Xue Y, Zhang T, Wu Z, Peng H, Xuan L, Pan G. Anti-Fibrosis Effects of Magnesium Lithospermate B in Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis: By Inhibiting TGF-βRI/Smad Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061715. [PMID: 33808650 PMCID: PMC8003516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe and irreversible interstitial pulmonary disease with high mortality and few treatments. Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) is a hydrosoluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been reported to have antifibrotic effects in other forms of tissue fibrosis. In this research, we studied the effects of MLB on pulmonary fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that MLB treatment (50 mg/kg) for seven days could attenuate bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis by reducing the alveolar structure disruption and collagen deposition in the C57 mouse model. MLB was also found to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)-stimulated myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) cells and collagen production by human type II alveolar epithelial cell line (A549) cells, mainly by decreasing the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) and regulating the TGF-β/Smad pathway. Further studies confirmed that the molecular mechanisms of MLB in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice were similar to those observed in vitro. In summary, our results demonstrated that MLB could alleviate experimental pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MLB has great potential for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Yaru Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhitao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210033, China;
| | - Huige Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Lijiang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
| | - Guoyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.L.); (Q.D.); (Y.X.); (T.Z.); (H.P.)
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (G.P.)
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Ju Z, Shao J, Zhou M, Jin J, Pan H, Ding P, Huang R. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the p53-dependent benzeneacetic acid attenuation of silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 33546743 PMCID: PMC7866764 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica exposure underlies the development of silicosis, one of the most serious occupational hazards worldwide. We aimed to explore the interaction of the silica-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related transcripts with the cellular metabolism regulated by p53. METHODS We knocked out p53 using CRISPR/Cas9 in the human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line. The transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and integrative omics were conducted using microarrays, GC-MS, and MetaboAnalyst, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-two mRNAs showed significantly altered expression in the HBE p53-KO cells post-silica exposure. A total of 42 metabolites were putatively involved in p53-dependent silica-mediated HBE cell dysfunction. Through integrated data analysis, we obtained five significant p53-dependent metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, glyoxylate, dicarboxylate, and linoleic acid metabolism, and the citrate cycle. Through metabolite screening, we further identified that benzeneacetic acid, a key regulation metabolite in the phenylalanine metabolic pathway, attenuated the silica-induced EMT in HBE cells in a p53-dependent manner. Interestingly, despite the extensive p53-related published literature, the clinical translation of these studies remains unsubstantial. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which epithelial cells respond to silica exposure and provide fresh perspective and direction for future clinical biomarker research and potential clinically sustainable and translatable role of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ju
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Huiji Pan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Feng J, Liu L, Yao F, Zhou D, He Y, Wang J. The protective effect of tanshinone IIa on endothelial cells: a generalist among clinical therapeutics. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:239-248. [PMID: 33463381 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1878877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tanshinone IIa (TSA) has been approved to treat cardiovascular diseases by the China State Food and Drug Administration. TSA has exhibited a variety of pharmacological effects, including vasodilator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. Endothelial cells play an important physiological role in vascular homeostasis and control inflammation, coagulation, and thrombosis. Accumulating studies have shown that TSA can improve endothelial function through various pathways. AREAS COVERED The PubMed database was reviewed for relevant papers published up to 2020. This review summarizes the current clinical and pharmaceutical studies to provide a systemic overview of the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of TSA on endothelial cells. EXPERT OPINION TSA is a representative monomeric compound extracted from Danshen and it exhibits significant pharmacological and therapeutic properties to improve endothelial cell function, including alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating inflammatory injury, modulating ion channels and so on. TSA represents a spectrum of agents that are extracted from plants and can restore the endothelial function to establish the beneficial and harmless molecular therapeutics. This also suggests the possible detection of endothelial cells for very early diagnosis of diseases. In future, precise therapeutic methods will be developed to repair endothelial cells injury and recover endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangfang Yao
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daixing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junshuai Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Peng L, Wen L, Shi QF, Gao F, Huang B, Meng J, Hu CP, Wang CM. Scutellarin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:978. [PMID: 33188176 PMCID: PMC7666141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is featured with inflammation and extensive lung remodeling caused by overloaded deposition of extracellular matrix. Scutellarin is the major effective ingredient of breviscapine and its anti-inflammation efficacy has been reported before. Nevertheless, the impact of scutellarin on IPF and the downstream molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, scutellarin suppressed BLM-induced inflammation via NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway both in vivo and in vitro. BLM significantly elevated p-p65/p65 ratio, IκBα degradation, and levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, caspase-11, ASC, GSDMDNterm, IL-1β, and IL-18, while scutellarin reversed the above alterations except for that of caspase-11. Scutellarin inhibited BLM-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in vivo and in vitro. The expression levels of EMT-related markers, including fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9, were increased in BLM group, and suppressed by scutellarin. The expression level of E-cadherin showed the opposite changes. However, overexpression of NLRP3 eliminated the anti-inflammation and anti-EMT functions of scutellarin in vitro. In conclusion, scutellarin suppressed inflammation and EMT in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis through NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Feng Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Key Site of the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P.R. China.
| | - Chang-Ming Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, 541002, P.R. China.
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Fang L, Chen H, Kong R, Que J. Endogenous tryptophan metabolite 5-Methoxytryptophan inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-β/SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118399. [PMID: 32918977 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the end stage of many interstitial lung diseases, characterized by the deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM), destruction of normal alveolar structure, and resulting in the obstruction of gas exchange and respiratory failure. The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of pulmonary fibrosis with little effective therapies. 5-Methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) is a newly found tryptophan metabolite. Previous studies suggested that 5-MTP has the effects of anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenesis, vascular protection and anti-fibrosis in renal disease. Whether 5-MTP has therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis is not clear. In our study, we used TGF-β1 to stimulate human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and bleomycin (BLM) induced pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the effect of 5-MTP on pulmonary fibrosis. Our study demonstrated that 5-MTP could improve the lung function and attenuate the destruction of alveolar structure in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. Furthermore, 5-MTP significantly decreased accumulation of myofibroblasts and the deposition of ECM by inhibiting the differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and suppressing the protein expression of the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. Our results also revealed 5-MTP could inhibit the proliferation and migration of the fibroblasts in vitro, which played an important role in the progressive pulmonary fibrosis. To further investigate the mechanism of the anti-fibrosis of 5-MTP, several canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways were examined. Our results revealed that 5-MTP could inhibit the pulmonary fibrosis through downregulating the phosphorylation of TGF-β/SMAD3, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Together, our study indicated that 5-MTP promises to be therapeutic agent of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renyi Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Que
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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