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Magnoni LJ, Collins SP, Wylie MJ, Black SE, Wellenreuther M. Morphology and metabolic traits related to swimming performance in Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) selected for fast growth. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38802981 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Changes in body shape are linked to swimming performance and become relevant for selective breeding programmes in cultured finfish. We studied how the selection for fast growth could affect phenotypes by investigating the relationship between swimming performance and body shape. We also investigated how swimming might affect plasma metabolite concentrations. Critical swimming speed (UCrit), body traits (e.g., BW, body weight; BL, body length; K, condition factor), and plasma lactate and glucose concentrations were evaluated in two cohorts of Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus): one derived from wild broodstock (F1), and the other selected for fast growth (F4). UCrit tests (n = 8) were applied in groups of 10 snapper of similar BW (71.7 g) and BL (14.6 cm). The absolute or relative UCrit values of both cohorts were similar (0.702 m⋅s-1 and 4.795 BL⋅s-1, respectively), despite the F4 cohort displaying a higher K. A positive correlation between K and absolute UCrit (Pearson's r = 0.414) was detected in the F4 cohort, but not in the F1 cohort, which may be linked to differences in body shape. A negative correlation between relative UCrit and body size (Pearson's r between -0.682 and -0.501), but no correlation between absolute UCrit and body size, was displayed in both cohorts. Plasma lactate and glucose concentrations were higher in the F4 cohort at UCrit. Whether a longer selective breeding programme could result in more changes in body shape, potentially affecting swimming performance, should be explored, along with the potential outcomes of the differences in metabolic traits detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo J Magnoni
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Selwyn P Collins
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Wylie
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Suzanne E Black
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Maren Wellenreuther
- Seafood Production Group, The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Nelson, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Xiao K, Wang X, Wang MM, Guo HX, Liu WB, Jiang GZ. Metabolism, antioxidant and immunity in acute and chronic hypoxic stress and the improving effect of vitamin C in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:183-196. [PMID: 37291452 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most significant factor that threatens the health and even survival of freshwater and marine fish. Priority should be given to the investigation of hypoxia adaptation mechanisms and their subsequent modulation. Acute and chronic studies were designed for the current study. Acute hypoxia comprised of normoxia dissolved oxygen (DO) 7.0 ± 0.5 mg/mL (N0), low-oxygen 5.0 ± 0.5 mg/mL(L0), and hypoxia 1.0 ± 0.1 mg/mL (H0) and 300 mg/L Vc for hypoxia regulation (N300, L300, H300). Chronic hypoxia comprised of normoxia (DO 7.0 ± 0.5 mg/mL) with 50 mg/kg Vc in the diet (N50) and low oxygen (5.0 ± 0.5 mg/mL) with 50, 250, 500 mg/kg Vc in the diet (L50, L250, L500) to assess the effect of Vc in hypoxia. The growth, behavior, hematological parameters, metabolism, antioxidants, and related inflammatory factors of channel catfish were investigated, and it was found that channel catfish have a variety of adaptive mechanisms in response to acute and chronic hypoxia. Under acute 5 mg/mL DO, the body color lightened (P < 0.05) and reverted to normal with 300 mg/mL Vc. PLT was significantly elevated after 300 mg/L Vc (P < 0.05), indicating that Vc can effectively restore hemostasis following oxygen-induced tissue damage. Under acute hypoxia, the significantly increased of cortisol, blood glucose, the gene of pyruvate kinase (pk), and phosphofructokinase (pfk), together with the decreased expression of fructose1,6-bisphosphatase (fbp) and the reduction in myoglycogen, suggested that Vc might enhance the glycolytic ability of the channel catfish. And the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the gene expression of sod rose significantly, showing that Vc might improve the antioxidant capacity of the channel catfish. The significant up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and cd68 under acute hypoxia implies that hypoxia may generate inflammation in channel catfish, whereas the addition of Vc and down-regulation of these genes suggests that Vc suppresses inflammation under acute hypoxia. We found that the final weight, WGR, FCR, and FI of channel catfish were significantly reduced under chronic hypoxia, and that feeding 250 mg/kg of Vc in the diet was effective in alleviating the growth retardation caused by hypoxia. The significant increase in cortisol, blood glucose, myoglycogen, and the expression of tnf-α, il-1β, and cd68 (P < 0.05) and the significant decrease in lactate (P < 0.05) under chronic hypoxia indicated that the channel catfish had gradually adapted to the survival threat posed by hypoxia and no longer relied on carbohydrates as their primary source of energy. While the addition of Vc did not appear to increase the energy supply of the fish under hypoxia in terms of glucose metabolism, but the significantly decreased expression of tnf-α, il-1β, and cd68 (P < 0.05) also were found, indicating that chronic hypoxia, similar acute hypoxia, may increase inflammation in the channel catfish. This study indicates that under acute stress, channel catfish withstand stress by raising energy supply through glycolysis, and acute hypoxic stress significantly promotes inflammation in channel catfish, but Vc assists the channel catfish resist stress by raising glycolysis, antioxidant capacity, and decreasing the production of inflammatory markers. Under chronic hypoxia, the channel catfish no longer utilize carbohydrates as their primary energy source, and Vc may still effectively reduce inflammation in the channel catfish under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mang-Mang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- National Laboratory of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Jia Y, Gao Y, Wan J, Gao Y, Li J, Guan C. Altered physiological response and gill histology in black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, during progressive hypoxia and reoxygenation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1133-1147. [PMID: 34059979 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has gradually become common in aquatic ecosystems and imposes a significant challenge for fish farming. The loss of equilibrium (LOE), 50% lethal time (LT50), plasma cortisol, glucose, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), gill histological alteration, and related parameters (lamellar length [SLL] and width [SLW], interlamellar distance [ID], basal epithelial thickness [BET], lamellar surface area [LA], and gill surface area [GSA]); respiratory rate; the proportion of the secondary lamellae available for gas exchange (PAGE); and hypoxia-inducible factor (hif-1α, hif-2α) mRNA expression were determined during progressive hypoxia and reoxygenation (R-0, R-12, R-24 h) to illustrate the underlying physiological response mechanisms in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Results showed that the DO concentration significantly decreased during progressive hypoxia, while DO at LOE and LT50 were 2.42 ± 0.10 mg L-1 and 1.67 ± 0.38 mg L-1, respectively. Cortisol and glucose were significantly increased at LOE and LT50, with the highest levels observed at LT50, and then gradually recovered to normal within reoxygenation 24 h. RBC number and Hb results were like those of glucose. Hypoxia stress resulted in lamellar clubbing, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia. Respiratory frequency significantly increased at LOE and decreased at LT50. Lamellar perimeters, SLL, ID, LA, GSA, and PAGE, significantly increased at LOE and LT50, with the highest values observed at LT50. However, SLW and BET significantly decreased at LOE, LT50, and R-0. These parameters recovered to nearly normal levels at R-24 h. hif-1α mRNAs in gill and liver were significantly upregulated at LOE and LT50, and recovery to normal after reoxygenation 24 h. hif-2α mRNAs in gill was similar to that of hif-1α, whereas hepatic hif-2α mRNAs remained unchanged during hypoxia-reoxygenation. These results indicated that progressive hypoxia stress elevated RBC number, Hb, cortisol, and glucose levels, induced the alteration of gill morphology, increased LA and GSA, stimulated respiratory frequency and PAGE, and upregulated the transcription of hif-1α and hif-2α in gill and liver. Reoxygenation treatment for 24 h alleviated the stress mentioned above effects. These findings expand current knowledge on hypoxia tolerance in black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jia
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Yuntao Gao
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinming Wan
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Gao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Changtao Guan
- Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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Abdel-Tawwab M, Monier MN, Hoseinifar SH, Faggio C. Fish response to hypoxia stress: growth, physiological, and immunological biomarkers. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:997-1013. [PMID: 30715663 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Water quality encompasses the water physical, biological, and chemical parameters. It generally affects the fish growth and welfare. Thus, the success of a commercial aquaculture project depends on supplying the optimum water quality for prompt fish growth at the minimum cost of resources. Although the aquaculture environment is a complicated system, depending on various water quality variables, only less of them have a critical role. One of these vital parameters is dissolved oxygen (DO) level, which requires continuous oversight in aquaculture systems. In addition, the processes of natural stream refinement require suitable DO levels in order to extend for aerobic life forms. The depletion of DO concentration (called hypoxia) in pond water causes great stress on fish where DO levels that remain below 1-2 mg/L for a few hours can adversely affect fish growth resulting in fish death. Furthermore, hypoxia has substantial effects on fish physiological and immune responses, making them more susceptible to diseases. Therefore, to avoid disease outbreak in modern aquaculture production systems where fish are intensified and more crowded, increasing attention should be taken into account on DO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Abdel-Tawwab
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed N Monier
- Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbassa, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lawrence MJ, Jain-Schlaepfer S, Zolderdo AJ, Algera DA, Gilmour KM, Gallagher AJ, Cooke SJ. Are 3 minutes good enough for obtaining baseline physiological samples from teleost fish? CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A prerequisite to studying the physiological status of wild animals is the ability to obtain blood samples that reflect the condition prior to capture or handling. Based on research in avian taxa, it is recommended that such samples be obtained within 3 min of capture; however, this guideline has not been validated in wild teleosts. The present study addresses the time course of physiological changes in a number of blood metrics across six species of freshwater fish. Fishes were caught using a standardized angling protocol and held in a water-filled trough prior to the collection of a blood sample, via caudal phlebotomy, between 0.5 and 11 min after capture. Changes in whole-blood glucose and lactate concentrations, hematocrit, and plasma cortisol concentrations were assessed. Change-point analyses indicated that blood lactate concentrations and hematocrit did not deviate from baseline values until ∼2–5 min of handling for all species, whereas blood glucose concentrations generally did not deviate significantly from baseline over the 11 min test period. In all species, plasma cortisol concentrations began to increase above baseline between ∼4 and 8 min after capture. Thus, to ensure that blood samples are representative of baseline conditions across multiple metrics, we recommend that sampling be limited to less than 2 min in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Lawrence
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Sofia Jain-Schlaepfer
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia, 4811
| | - Aaron J. Zolderdo
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dirk A. Algera
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | | | - Austin J. Gallagher
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Beneath the Waves, Inc., Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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Ni M, Wen H, Li J, Chi M, Bu Y, Ren Y, Zhang M, Song Z, Ding H. The physiological performance and immune responses of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to stocking density and hypoxia stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 36:325-335. [PMID: 24355406 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stocking density and hypoxia are considered priority issues in aquaculture research. In this study, two experiments were carried out in order to investigate the effects of chronic stress (stocking density) and acute stress (hypoxia) on the immune physiology responses (hematology, serum cortisol, glucose, total protein and the mRNA expression of CYP 1A) of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). In the chronic stress study, three triplicate groups of Amur sturgeon (42.0 ± 2.3 g) were reared in nine square concrete ponds (4.4 × 4.4 × 0.45 m³) at three stocking densities (3.7, 6.9 and 9.0 kg/m³) for 50 days. In the acute stress study, three triplicate groups: normal group (7 mg/l), hypoxia group 1 (5 mg/l) and hypoxia group 2 (3 mg/l) were used in nine 100 L indoor tanks. Sampling was performed at the end of the stocking density experiment (50 days) and at 0, 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 6 h after hypoxia stress. The results showed that increased stocking density reduced the morphological indexes (hepatosomatic index, spleen-somatic index and kidney-somatic index), while total protein and hemoglobin increased significantly in the stressed group. In response to hypoxia, the levels of cortisol, glucose and hematological parameters elevated significantly after this stress. As for spleen-somatic index, there was a decline after hypoxia though H1 group returned to the normal level at 3 h and 6 h after hypoxia stress. Additionally, In order to better understand the immune response of Amur sturgeon to chronic and acute stressors, we cloned the complete coding sequence of Amur sturgeon CYP 1A for the first time and investigated its tissue-specific expression and stress-induced expression. CYP 1A mRNA in liver showed over expressions both in crowding condition and in hypoxia stress. The same trend was also found in spleen and kidney which may provide evidence that CYP 1A could serve as a good indicator of immune response in Amur sturgeon. In addition, the result suggested a typical immune response both in high stocking density and hypoxia stress. But the chronically stressed fish might have an adaptation capability to survive under a stable crowding condition without a change in some immune parameters (cortisol, glucose, WBCs and RBCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ni
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Haishen Wen
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Jifang Li
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Meili Chi
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yan Bu
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Mo Zhang
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Zhifei Song
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Houmeng Ding
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
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Currey LM, Heupel MR, Simpfendorfer CA, Clark TD. Blood lactate loads of redthroat emperor Lethrinus miniatus associated with angling stress and exhaustive exercise. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 83:1401-1406. [PMID: 24580674 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Baseline, post-angling and maximum attainable blood lactate concentrations were measured for the fishery species redthroat emperor Lethrinus miniatus to gain insight into the condition of fish released following c. 30 s angling and <45 s air exposure. Mean ± S.D. baseline blood lactate was 1·5 ± 0·6 mmol l⁻¹, which increased and plateaued around 6 mmol l⁻¹ at 15-30 min post-angling. These values were significantly lower than those obtained from fish maximally exhausted with a prolonged chase and air exposure protocol following capture (10·9 ± 1·8 mmol l⁻¹), suggesting that L. miniatus is not maximally exhausted during standard angling practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Currey
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB No 3, Townsville, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Douxfils J, Deprez M, Mandiki SNM, Milla S, Henrotte E, Mathieu C, Silvestre F, Vandecan M, Rougeot C, Mélard C, Dieu M, Raes M, Kestemont P. Physiological and proteomic responses to single and repeated hypoxia in juvenile Eurasian perch under domestication--clues to physiological acclimation and humoral immune modulations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1112-1122. [PMID: 22982557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the physiological and humoral immune responses of Eurasian perch submitted to 4-h hypoxia in either single or repeated way. Two generations (F1 and F5) were tested to study the potential changes in these responses with domestication. In both generations, single and repeated hypoxia resulted in hyperglycemia and spleen somatic index reduction. Glucose elevation and lysozyme activity decreased following repeated hypoxia. Complement hemolytic activity was unchanged regardless of hypoxic stress or domestication level. A 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis showed that some C3 components were positively modulated by single hypoxia while C3 up- and down-regulations and over-expression of transferrin were observed following repeated hypoxia. Domestication was associated with a low divergence in stress and immune responses to hypoxia but was accompanied by various changes in the abundance of serum proteins related to innate/specific immunity and acute phase response. Thus, it appeared that the humoral immune system was modulated following single and repeated hypoxia (independently of generational level) or during domestication and that Eurasian perch may display physiological acclimation to frequent hypoxic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Douxfils
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), NARILIS, University of Namur (FUNDP), Namur, Belgium.
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Tracy CR, Christian KA, Baldwin J, Phillips BL. Cane toads lack physiological enhancements for dispersal at the invasive front in Northern Australia. Biol Open 2011; 1:37-42. [PMID: 23213366 PMCID: PMC3507160 DOI: 10.1242/bio.2011024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many invasive species have evolved behavioural and morphological characteristics that facilitate their dispersal into new areas, but it is unclear how selection on this level of the phenotype filters through to the underlying physiology. Cane toads have been dispersing westward across northern tropical Australia for more than 70 years. Previous studies of cane toads at the invasive front have identified several behavioural, morphological and locomotory characteristics that have evolved to facilitate dispersal of toads. We assessed a range of physiological characteristics associated with locomotory abilities in toads from the long-established, east coast of Australia, from the invasive front, and from a site in between these locations. We measured time to exhaustion and respiratory gases of toads exercising on a treadmill, time to recovery from exhaustion, blood properties (lactate, haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, blood cell volume), and muscle properties associated with locomotion (activities of the enzymes citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase, and pH buffering capacity). None of the measured physiological parameters supported the hypothesis that toads from the invasive front possess physiological adaptations that facilitate dispersal compared to toads from areas colonised in the past. The strongest difference among the three groups of toads, time to exhaustion, showed exactly the opposite trend; toads from the long-established populations in the east coast had the longest time to exhaustion. Successful colonisers can employ many characteristics to facilitate their dispersal, so the extent to which behaviour, morphology and physiology co-evolve remains an interesting question. However, in the present case at least, behavioural adaptations do not appear to have altered the organism's underlying physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Tracy
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University , Northern Territory 0909 , Australia ; Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010 , Australia
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Analysis of glucose metabolism in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) using deuterated water. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:341-7. [PMID: 21777686 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in free-swimming fasted and fed seabass was studied using deuterated water ((2)H(2)O). After transfer to seawater enriched with 4.9% (2)H(2)O for 6-h or for 72-h, positional and mole percent enrichment (MPE) of plasma glucose and water were quantified by (2)H NMR and ESI-MS/MS. Plasma water (2)H-enrichment reached that of seawater within 6h. In both fasted and fed fish, plasma glucose MPE increased asymptotically attaining ~55% of plasma water enrichment by 72 h. The distribution of (2)H-enrichment between the different glucose positions was relatively uniform. The gluconeogenic contribution to glucose that was synthesized during (2)H(2)O administration was estimated from the ratio of position 5 and 2 glucose enrichments. For both fed and fasted fish, gluconeogenesis accounted for 98±1% of the glucose that was produced during the 72-h (2)H(2)O administration period. For fasted fish, gluconeogenic contributions measured after 6h were identical to 72-h values (94±3%). For fed fish, the apparent gluconeogenic contribution at 6-h was significantly lower compared to 72-h (79±5% versus 98±1%, p<0.05). This may reflect a brief augmentation of gluconeogenic flux by glycogenolysis after feeding and/or selective enrichment of plasma glucose position 2 via futile glucose-glucose-6-phosphate cycling.
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Hasbi G, de Nys R, Burns K, Whalan S, Dunlap WC. Hepatic coenzyme Q redox balance of fishes as a potential bioindicator of environmental contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biol Lett 2011; 7:123-6. [PMID: 20739316 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2010.0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we introduce a novel biomarker of aquatic contamination based on the xenobiotic-induced response of the hepatic coenzyme Q (CoQ) redox balance of fishes to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The method is demonstrated by comparing changes in the liver CoQ redox balance with that measured using the CYP1A-based, 7-ethoxyresofurin-O-deethylase activity assay, on administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) to Barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Both assays showed comparable dose-dependent effects in fish treated with BaP or BNF. Perturbation in the constitutive hepatic CoQ redox balance of fishes may thus provide a simple biomarker of aquatic PAH contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghitarina Hasbi
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Wells R, Dunphy B. Potential impact of metabolic acidosis on the fixed-acid Bohr effect in snapper (Pagrus auratus) following angling stress. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chapman CA, Renshaw GMC. Hematological responses of the grey carpet shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) and the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum) to anoxia and re-oxygenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 311:422-38. [PMID: 19405134 DOI: 10.1002/jez.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clint A Chapman
- Hypoxia and Ischemia Research Unit, School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland, Australia
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Host-directed evolution of a novel lactate oxidase in Streptococcus iniae isolates from barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2908-19. [PMID: 19270123 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02147-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Streptococcus iniae, lactate metabolism is dependent upon two proteins, lactate permease that mediates uptake and lactate oxidase, a flavin mononucleotide-dependent enzyme that catalyzes oxidation of alpha-hydroxyacids. A novel variant of the lactate oxidase gene, lctO, in Australian isolates of S. iniae from diseased barramundi was found during a diagnostic screen using LOX-1 and LOX-2 primers, yielding amplicons of 920 bp instead of the expected 869 bp. Sequencing of the novel gene variant (type 2) revealed a 51-nucleotide insertion in lctO, resulting in a 17-amino-acid repeat in the gene product, and three-dimensional modeling indicated formation of an extra loop in the monomeric protein structure. The activities of the lactate oxidase enzyme variants expressed in Escherichia coli were examined, indicating that the higher-molecular-weight type 2 enzyme exhibited higher activity. Growth rates of S. iniae expressing the novel type 2 enzyme were not reduced at lactate concentrations of 0.3% and 0.5%, whereas a strain expressing the type 1 enzyme exhibited reduced growth rates at these lactate concentrations. During a retrospective screen of 105 isolates of S. iniae from Australia, the United States, Canada, Israel, Réunion Island, and Thailand, the type 2 variant arose only in isolates from a single marine farm with unusually high tidal flow in the Northern Territory, Australia. Elevated plasma lactate levels in the fish, resulting from the effort of swimming in tidal flows of up to 3 knots, may exert sufficient selective pressure to maintain the novel, high-molecular-weight enzyme variant.
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Huang G. Swimming ability and physiological response to swimming fatigue in whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:26-32. [PMID: 16843024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Some penaeids are active swimmers, undertaking migrations of hundreds of nautical miles. At present, however, very little is known of swimming ability in penaeid shrimps. The aim of the present study is to investigate swimming endurance of whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, against one of five flow velocities (5.41, 6.78, 8.21, 10.11, and 11.47 cm s(-1)) for up to 9000 s at 20 degrees C in a swimming channel. Body mass, hemolymph total protein concentration, and hemolymph glucose level were measured before swimming and immediately following swimming to evaluate physiological effect of swimming in L. vannamei. No shrimp swam the full 9000 s at any of the velocities tested. The swimming endurance decreased as swimming speed was increased. The relationship between swimming endurance (t, in s) and swimming speed (v, in cm s(-1)) can be described by the Curve Estimation: v.t0.38 = 159.64 (R2 = 0.94). The swimming ability index (SAI), defined as SAI = integral 0-9000 vdt x 10(-4) (cm) was found to be 7.28 cm for the shrimp tested. Swimming to fatigue leads to severe loss of body mass, hemolymph total protein concentration, and hemolymph glucose level in L. vannamei (P < 0.05). Furthermore, these decreases and swimming speed showed significantly polynomial relationships (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the power model fits well to the observed endurance estimates and the SAI is a good index to quantitatively describe the overall swimming ability of L. vannamei. Furthermore, hemolymph total protein concentration may be used as a rapid and reliable indicator to assess the penaeid shrimps' swimming speed and hence swimming ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peidong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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Effects of a 30-km race upon salivary lactate correlation with blood lactate. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:114-7. [PMID: 16893666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Blood lactate has been used to determine the aerobic capacity and long distance performance. Recently, a new methodology has been suggested to supplant the invasive blood lactate techniques. Salivary lactate has received attention because it shows high correlation to blood lactate in progressive overload test. We evaluated the correlation between salivary and blood lactate during a long distance run and assessed possible changes in salivary lactate concentration. Fifteen expert marathon racers ran 30 km as fast as possible. Saliva and 25 muL of blood were collected at rest and at each 6 km for lactate determination. Blood lactate concentration increased in the 6th km and then remained constant until the end of the race. Salivary lactate increased after 18 km in relation to basal. We found high correlations between blood and saliva absolute lactate (r=0.772, p<0.05) and the blood lactate relative concentration corrected by protein (r=0.718, p<0.05). The highest correlation found between absolute and relative salivary lactate was r=0.994 (p<0.001). Our results show that it is possible to use salivary lactate with absolute values or relative protein concentration. In addition, salivary lactate showed a high correlation with blood lactate in endurance events.
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