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Tang J, Li G, Chen D, Jiang L, Huang B, Jiang P, Zhang C, Qin X. Effect of vitamin E on energy metabolism indicators and gill tissue structure of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19484. [PMID: 39174601 PMCID: PMC11341694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to examine the effects of vitamin E addition to water on the structure of the gill tissue and energy metabolism of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under cooling stress. The crucian carp were chilled using a cold acclimation intelligent chilling equipment from 20 °C to 5 °C. They were divided into three groups: the control group (E1), the negative control group (E2), and the 100 mg/L vitamin E (E3) solution. Three different temperature points (20 °C, 10 °C, and 5 °C) were used to collect, test, and analyze the samples. The findings demonstrated that in the E3 treatment group, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and fatty acid synthase contents were significantly lower under cooling stress than those in the E1 and E2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). The E3 therapy group had significantly greater blood glucose, glycogen, and glycogen synthase levels than the E1 and E2 treatment groups (P < 0.05). The levels of pyruvate kinase in the E1, E2, and E3 treatment groups did not differ significantly. Crucian carp's gill tissue changed under cooling stress, including capillary dilatation, and the E3 treatment group experienced less damage overall than the E1 and E2 treatment groups. In conclusion, supplementing water with vitamin E to treat crucian carp can decrease damage, improve the body's ability to withstand cold, and slow down the stress response brought on by cooling stress. This provides a theoretical basis for supplementing water with vitamin E to fish stress relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Tang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China.
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Gongyan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Dongjie Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Lexia Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Baosheng Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Peihong Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Storage and Transportation Technology of Agricultural Products, Shandong Institute of Commerce and Technology, Jinan, 250103, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Changfeng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Products Logistics, Jinan, 250103, China.
- Shandong Guonong Logistics Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Xiaoming Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
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Deng F, Liu J, Xie Z, Li S, Hu M, Lin D, Wang Y. nTiO 2 alleviates the toxic effects of TCPP on mussels by adjusting respiratory metabolism and gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158176. [PMID: 35995159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a good carrier of contaminants, nanotitanium dioxide (nTiO2) can absorb organic pollutants, producing toxicological effects on organisms. However, the complex effects of nTiO2 with contaminants on marine mussels are still unclear. In this study, we exposed mussels to tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCPP) 100 μg/L (T1), 0.5 mg/L nTiO2 + 100 μg/L TCPP (T2), 1.0 mg/L nTiO2 + 100 μg/L TCPP (T3) and control (0 nTiO2 + 0 μg/L TCPP) treatments, and assessed the combined effects of TCPP with nTiO2 on the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus by detecting the activities of gill pyruvate kinase (PK), hexokinase (HK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also gill acetylcholine (Ach) and muscle lactic acid (LD) contents and gut microbiota after 14-d exposure. Compared with the control group, PK activity was increased significantly, but SDH, LDH activities and LD content were decreased significantly in T1, with the addition of nTiO2, there were not significantly different in T3. However, Ach content in T3 was significantly higher than the control and T1. Moreover, KEGG of the gut microbiota via 16 s rRNA sequencing showed that most pathways returned to the control level in T3. The results showed that TCPP affected the respiratory metabolism of mussels, changed the community structure of intestinal microflora in mussels, and nTiO2 alleviated the toxicity of TCPP. Our study provides new insights for ecological risk assessment of TCPP in bivalves in the complex aquatic environment and the novel role of nTiO2 in regulating the toxicity of TCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujing Deng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Saishuai Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xu S, Wang D. Effects of acute low-salinity stress on osmoregulation, antioxidant capacity, and growth of the black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1599-1617. [PMID: 36456863 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is an important marine economic fish found on the southeast coast of China. Because of the frequent climate change, the salinity of the waters inhabited by A. schlegelii often decreases, which interferes with the fish's physiological homeostasis. The isotonic salinity of teleosts are usually lower than that of seawater, so maximum economic benefits cannot be obtained from conventional mariculture. This study was performed to preliminarily clarify the osmotic regulation and antioxidant mechanism of juvenile A. schlegelii and find an appropriate culture salinity value. We selected 5 psu, 10 psu, 15 psu, and 25 psu (control) to conduct physiological experiments for 96 h and growth experiments for 60 days. We found that the juvenile A. schlegelii could adjust their osmotic pressure within 12 h. The growth hormone and cortisol were found to be seawater-acclimating hormones, whereas prolactin was freshwater-acclimating hormone. The activity and mRNA expression of Na+/K+-ATPase showed a U-shaped trend with the decrease of in salinity at 12-96 h. Serum ion concentration and osmotic pressure remained at a relatively stable level after being actively adjusted from 6 to 12 h. At 96 h, the osmotic pressure of the serum isotonic point of juvenile A. schlegelii was approximately equal to that of water with 14.94 salinity. The number and volume of Cl--secreting cells in the gills decreased. The glomeruli were more developed and structurally sound, with the renal tubules increasing in diameter and the medial brush border being more developed; this may indicate a decrease in salt secretion and an enhanced reabsorption function in the low salinity groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and concentration of malondialdehyde were the lowest in the 15 psu group. In addition, the culture conditions of the 15 psu group improved the feed conversion rate without significant differences in weight gain when compared with the control group. Our results show that 15 psu salinity may be the best parameter for obtaining the maximum economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.
| | - Danli Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, China.
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Yang T, Kasagi S, Takahashi A, Mizusawa K. Effects of background color and feeding status on the expression of genes associated with body color regulation in the goldfish Carassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 312:113860. [PMID: 34302844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), a peptide derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), act as neuromodulators and regulate food intake in vertebrates. In teleosts, these peptides are also involved competitively in body color regulation; α-MSH induces a dark body color, while MCH induces a pale body color. Similarly, members of the growth hormone (GH) family, somatolactin (SL) and prolactin (PRL), which are involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, are also associated with body color regulation in teleosts. Since these hormones are involved in both body color regulation and energy metabolism, it is possible that feeding status can affect body color. Here, we examined the effects of fasting on the response of goldfish body coloration to changes in background color. Goldfish were acclimated for one week in tanks with a white or black background under conditions of periodic feeding or fasting. The results showed that body color and expression levels of pmch1 and pomc were affected by background color, irrespective of feeding status. Expression levels of sla were higher in fish maintained in tanks with a black background than in tanks with a white background, and higher in the fasted fish compared to the fed fish. However, the pattern of slb expression was almost the opposite of that observed in sla expression. The expression levels of gh and prl in the pituitary, and pmch2a and pmch2b in the brain, were not affected by background color. These results suggest that MCH, α-MSH, SLα, and SLβ might be involved in body color regulation and that they are affected by background color in goldfish. The results also suggest that feeding status may affect body color regulation via SLα and SLβ, although these effects might be limited compared to the effect of background color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingshu Yang
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasagi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Takahashi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kanta Mizusawa
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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da Silva Pês T, Saccol EMH, Jerez-Cepa I, de Moraes Ourique G, Gilannejad N, Baldisserotto B, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Pavanato MA. Quercetin attenuates endocrine and metabolic responses to oxytetracycline in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 238:108864. [PMID: 32781297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether dietary quercetin protects against the detrimental effects induced by oxytetracycline (OTC) administration in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Fish were divided into different experimental groups that received OTC and/or quercetin, either during 14 or 21 days. To determine the endocrine system stress response, we have measured the brain mRNA expression levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), proopiomelanocortins (pomca and pomcb) and some of the pituitary hormones (growth hormone [gh], somatolactin [sl], and prolactin [prl]). We have also quantified the levels of cortisol as well as some metabolites (glucose, glycogen, lactate, and triglycerides) in the plasma. Moreover, the enzymatic activity of hexokinase, phosphorylase (active GPase), fructose-biphosphatase (FBP), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and gill Na+/K+-ATPase were measured. The results demonstrated that OTC activates the silver catfish stress response by increasing the plasma cortisol and decreasing the glucose levels at 14 and 21 days. Additionally, OTC also altered the fish hepatic metabolic status as demonstrated by an increase in triglycerides levels and the enzymatic activity of both FBP and GDH after 14 days. OTC also stimulated Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the gill after 14 days and altered the hypophyseal expression of gh (at 14 and 21 days) and prl (at 14 days). The co-treatment with 1.5 g of quercetin could prevent most of the alterations caused by OTC, strongly suggesting quercetin as a beneficial compound when added to the fish diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanise da Silva Pês
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Etiane Medianeira Hundertmarck Saccol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ismael Jerez-Cepa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Giovana de Moraes Ourique
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neda Gilannejad
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Maria Amália Pavanato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Su H, Ma D, Shang H, Fan J, Zhu H. DNA methylation of the prkaca gene involved in osmoregulation in tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis hornorum). Gene 2020; 752:144791. [PMID: 32439378 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Prkaca consists of the catalytic subunit alpha protein kinase A (PKA), which is involved in many cellular processes. In this study, the cDNA and genomic sequences of prkaca in tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis hornorum) were cloned and analysed. The results showed the prkaca gene consists of 11 exons and 10 introns, and its protein contains 351 amino acid residues and is clustered with Oreochromis niloticus, Maylandia zebra and Haplochromis burtoni first in a phylogenetic tree. Amino acid alignment indicates that prkaca shares the highest identity (100%) to Oreochromis niloticus, Maylandia zebra and Haplochromis burtoni. Two CpG islands of prkaca were found by MethPrimer software, and 32 CG sites were found in the proximal promoter. The methylation level of prkaca in the hybrids (0.31%) was significantly lower than that of their parents (0.94% and 3.43%) in kidney tissue (P < 0.05). The gene expression levels and DNA methylation levels of prkaca in muscle and kidney tissues of the tilapia hybrids were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and bisulfite sequencing PCR and showed a negative correlation under saline-alkali stress. The results of this research demonstrated that DNA methylation levels and prkaca mRNA expression levels were inversely correlated under saline-alkali stress, implying that heterosis is likely accompanied by DNA methylation alterations. This research provides new clues for further investigations of DNA methylation and heterosis in hybrid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Huiwen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Huaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
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Galal-Khallaf A, Mohammed-Geba K, Yúfera M, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, López-Olmeda JF. Daily rhythms in endocrine factors of the somatotropic axis and their receptors in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110793. [PMID: 32805414 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms have adapted to environmental oscillations in light and temperature through evolving biological clocks. Biological rhythms are pervasive at all levels of the endocrine system, including the somatotropic (growth) axis. The objective of the present research was to study the existence of daily rhythms on the somatotropic axis of a marine teleost species, specifically, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Larvae of S. aurata at 30 dph (days post hatching), kept under a 9 L:15D (light-dark) photoperiod, were collected every 3 h throughout a 36 h cycle. The expression of the following somatotropic axis genes was analyzed by quantitative PCR: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (adcyap1), prepro-somatostatin-1 (pss1), growth hormone (gh), growth hormone receptor types 1 and 2 (ghr1 and ghr2, respectively), insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) and igf1 receptor a (igf1ra). All genes displayed significant differences among time points and, with the exception of adcyap1, all showed statistically significant daily rhythms. The acrophases of gh, ghr1, ghr2, igf1 and igf1ra were located around the end of the dark phase, between ZT19:44 and ZT0:48 h, whereas the highest expression levels of adcyap1 occurred at ZT18 h. On the other hand, the acrophase of pss1, an inhibitor of Gh secretion, was located at ZT10:16 h, hence it was shifted by several hours with respect to the other genes. The present results provide the first thorough description of somatotropic axis rhythms in gilthead sea bream. Such knowledge provides insights into the role of rhythmic regulation of the Gh/Igf1 axis system in larval growth and metabolism, and it can also improve the implementation of more species-specific feeding regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Galal-Khallaf
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El- Kom, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Biology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El- Kom, Menoufia, Egypt; Department of Biology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Manuel Yúfera
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Institute of Andalusia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Campus of International Excellence of the Sea (CEI·MAR), E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose F López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, College of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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8
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Chang CH, Zhou XW, Wang YC, Lee TH. Differential effects of hypothermal stress on lactate metabolism in fresh water- and seawater-acclimated milkfish, Chanos chanos. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110744. [PMID: 32569829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The milkfish Chanos chanos, an economically important cultured marine species in Southeast Asia, exhibits stenothermal and euryhaline characteristics and huge mortality usually occurs during extreme cold weather in winter. Under conditions beyond optimal temperatures, ectothermic species experience an increase in anaerobic glycolysis. To better understand the hypothermal acclimation response of this tropical species, the lactate metabolic profiles of freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish were compared under control (optimal temperature; 28 °C) and hypothermal treatment (18 °C) conditions. In this study, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoform genes, ldha and ldhb, were identified in milkfish livers and muscles, respectively. The LDH is a bidirectional enzyme that triggered the conversion of pyruvate to lactate via anaerobic glycolysis as LDH exhibits the reductase activity (LDH-R), while via the reverse direction as LDH exhibits the oxidase activity (LDH-O). The hypothermal stress significantly upregulated the LDH-R activity in the muscles and the monocarboxylate transporter activity in both muscles and livers, of SW- and FW-acclimated milkfish. The levels of blood lactate, however, decreased in SW-acclimated milkfish. Under hypothermal stress, anaerobic metabolism increased in the muscles of both FW and SW individuals, whereas the liver of SW-acclimated milkfish showed better acute phase capacity to utilize blood lactate than FW-acclimated milkfish. Taken together, in the present study, the major functions of the bidirectional enzyme LDH were identified according to its LDH-O and LDH-R activities. Furthermore, environmental salinities were found to affect the acute anaerobic metabolic strategies of euryhaline teleosts under hypothermal stress and were correlated with their hypothermal tolerance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Wei Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Wang
- Planning and Information Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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9
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Gong N, Ferreira-Martins D, McCormick SD, Sheridan MA. Divergent genes encoding the putative receptors for growth hormone and prolactin in sea lamprey display distinct patterns of expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1674. [PMID: 32015405 PMCID: PMC6997183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58344-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone receptor (GHR) and prolactin receptor (PRLR) in jawed vertebrates were thought to arise after the divergence of gnathostomes from a basal vertebrate. In this study we have identified two genes encoding putative GHR and PRLR in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum), extant members of one of the oldest vertebrate groups, agnathans. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that lamprey GHR and PRLR cluster at the base of gnathostome GHR and PRLR clades, respectively. This indicates that distinct GHR and PRLR arose prior to the emergence of the lamprey branch of agnathans. In the sea lamprey, GHR and PRLR displayed a differential but overlapping pattern of expression; GHR had high expression in liver and heart tissues, whereas PRLR was expressed highly in the brain and moderately in osmoregulatory tissues. Branchial PRLR mRNA levels were significantly elevated by stage 5 of metamorphosis and remained elevated through stage 7, whereas levels of GHR mRNA were only elevated in the final stage (7). Branchial expression of GHR increased following seawater (SW) exposure of juveniles, but expression of PRLR was not significantly altered. The results indicate that GHR and PRLR may both participate in metamorphosis and that GHR may mediate SW acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningping Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Diogo Ferreira-Martins
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.,U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA, 01376, USA
| | - Mark A Sheridan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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10
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Soto-Dávila M, Martinez D, Oyarzún R, Pontigo JP, Vargas-Lagos C, Morera FJ, Saravia J, Zanuzzo F, Vargas-Chacoff L. Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub-Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:111-127. [PMID: 31709576 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen interactions with cultured fish populations are well studied, but their effects on native fishes have not been characterized. In Chile, the disease caused by bacterial species Piscirickettsia salmonis represents one of the main issues and is considered to be one of the important pathogens in the field of aquaculture. They have been found to infect native fish. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of P. salmonis on native species of local commercial value, as well as the potential impact associated with the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of P. salmonis. Due to this purpose, the native fish Eleginops maclovinus was used in our study. Fish were randomly distributed in tanks and intraperitoneally inoculated with two strains of P. salmonis. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Cortisol, glucose and total α-amino acid levels increased in fish injected with AUSTRAL-005 strain compared to sham-injected and LF-89-inoculated fish. Moreover, results showed an increase in the activity of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in liver; and an increase in the carbohydrates, lipids and total α-amino acid metabolism in muscle after injection with AUSTRAL-005. Our results suggest that P. salmonis modulates the physiology of E. maclovinus and the physiological impact increase in the presence of the antibiotic-resistant strain AUSTRAL-005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soto-Dávila
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Danixa Martinez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Juan P Pontigo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Vargas-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Julia Saravia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Fábio Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Ruiz-Jarabo I, Martos-Sitcha JA, Barragán-Méndez C, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Arjona FJ. Gene expression of thyrotropin- and corticotrophin-releasing hormones is regulated by environmental salinity in the euryhaline teleost Sparus aurata. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:615-628. [PMID: 29275437 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In euryhaline teleosts, the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axes (HPT and HPI, respectively) are regulated in response to environmental stimuli such as salinity changes. However, the molecular players participating in this physiological process in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), a species of high value for aquaculture, are still not identified and/or fully characterized in terms of gene expression regulation. In this sense, this study identifies and isolates the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) mRNA sequence from S. aurata, encoding prepro-Trh, the putative factor initiating the HPT cascade. In addition, the regulation of trh expression and of key brain genes in the HPI axis, i.e., corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein (crhbp), was studied when the osmoregulatory status of S. aurata was challenged by exposure to different salinities. The deduced amino acid structure of trh showed 65-81% identity with its teleostean orthologs. Analysis of the tissue distribution of gene expression showed that trh mRNA is, though ubiquitously expressed, mainly found in brain. Subsequently, regulation of gene expression of trh, crh, and crhbp was characterized in fish acclimated to 5-, 15-, 40-, and 55-ppt salinities. In this regard, the brain gene expression pattern of trh mRNA was similar to that found for the crh gene, showing an upregulation of gene expression in seabream acclimated to the highest salinity tested. Conversely, crhbp did not change in any of the groups tested. Our results suggest that Trh and Crh play an important role in the acclimation of S. aurata to hypersaline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - J A Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IATS-CSIC), 12595, Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - C Barragán-Méndez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Av. República Saharaui, 2, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - F J Arjona
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Vélez EJ, Perelló M, Azizi S, Moya A, Lutfi E, Pérez-Sánchez J, Calduch-Giner JA, Navarro I, Blasco J, Fernández-Borràs J, Capilla E, Gutiérrez J. Recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH) enhances somatic growth by regulating the GH-IGF axis in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 257:192-202. [PMID: 28666853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) endocrine axis is the main growth-regulator system in vertebrates. Some authors have demonstrated the positive effects on growth of a sustained-release formulation of a recombinant bovine GH (rBGH) in different fish species. The aim of this work was to characterize the effects of a single injection of rBGH in fingerlings of gilthead sea bream on growth, GH-IGF axis, and both myogenic and osteogenic processes. Thus, body weight and specific growth rate were significantly increased in rBGH-treated fish respect to control fish at 6weeks post-injection, whereas the hepatosomatic index was decreased and the condition factor and mesenteric fat index were unchanged, altogether indicating enhanced somatic growth. Moreover, rBGH injection increased the plasma IGF-I levels in parallel with a rise of hepatic mRNA from total IGF-I, IGF-Ic and IGF-II, the binding proteins IGFBP-1a and IGFBP-2b, and also the receptors IGF-IRb, GHR-I and GHR-II. In skeletal muscle, the expression of IGF-Ib and GHR-I was significantly increased but that of IGF-IRb was reduced; the mRNA levels of myogenic regulatory factors, proliferation and differentiation markers (PCNA and MHC, respectively), or that of different molecules of the signaling pathway (TOR/AKT) were unaltered. Besides, the growth inhibitor myostatin (MSTN1 and MSTN2) and the hypertrophic marker (MLC2B) expression resulted significantly enhanced, suggesting altogether that the muscle is in a non-proliferative stage of development. Contrarily in bone, although the expression of most molecules of the GH/IGF axis was decreased, the mRNA levels of several osteogenic genes were increased. The histology analysis showed a GH induced lipolytic effect with a clear decrease in the subcutaneous fat layer. Overall, these results reveal that a better growth potential can be achieved on this species and supports the possibility to improve growth and quality through the optimization of its culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Vélez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Perelló
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheida Azizi
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Moya
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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13
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Mohammed-Geba K, Yúfera M, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Molecular endocrine changes of Gh/Igf1 axis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) exposed to different environmental salinities during larvae to post-larvae stages. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:1177-1186. [PMID: 26947706 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The influence of acclimation of the euryhaline gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae/post-larvae to brackish water on growth, energetic contents, and mRNA levels of selected hormones and growth-regulating hypothalamic neurohormones was assessed. Specimens from 49 days post-hatching were acclimated during 28 days to two different environmental salinities: 38 and 20 psu (as brackish water). Both groups were then transferred to 38 psu and acclimated for an additional week. Early juveniles were sampled after 28 days of acclimation to both salinities and one week after transfer to 38 psu. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (adcyap1; pacap), somatostatin-I (sst1), growth hormone (gh1), insulin-like growth factor-I (igf1), and prolactin (prl) mRNA expression were all studied by QPCR. Post-larvae acclimated to 20 psu showed better growth performance and body energetic content than post-larvae maintained at 38 psu. prl, adcyap1, and igf1 mRNA expression levels increased in 20-psu-acclimated post-larvae but decreased upon transfer to 38 psu. GH1 expression did not show significant changes under both experimental conditions. Our results suggested an enhanced general performance for post-larvae in brackish water, supported by the actions of adcyap1, igf1, and prl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Mohammed-Geba
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Manuel Yúfera
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), 11519, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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14
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Costa LS, Rosa PV, Fortes-Silva R, Sánchez-Vázquez FJ, López-Olmeda JF. Daily rhythms of the expression of genes from the somatotropic axis: The influence on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of feeding and growth hormone administration at different times. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 181-182:27-34. [PMID: 26743958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to investigate the presence of daily rhythms in the somatotropic axis of tilapia fed at two times (mid-light, ML or mid-dark, MD) and the influence of the time of day of growth hormone (GH) administration on the response of this axis. Two different GH injection times were tested: ZT 3 (3h after lights on) and ZT 15 (3h after lights off). In both experiments, the mRNA expression levels of hypothalamic pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap), pituitary growth hormone (gh), liver insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2a), and liver and muscle growth hormone receptors (ghr1 and ghr2) and IGF receptors (igf1ra and igf2r) were evaluated by means of qPCR. Daily rhythms were observed in the liver for ghr1, ghr2 and igf2r but only in fish fed at ML, with the acrophases located in the light phase (ZT 3:30, 3:31 and 7:38 h, respectively). In the muscle, ghr1 displayed a significant rhythm in both groups and ghr2 in ML fed fish (acrophases at ZT 5:29, 7:14 and 9:23h). The time of both GH administration and feeding influenced the response to GH injection: ML fed fish injected with GH at ZT 15 h showed a significant increase in liver igf1, igf2a and ghr2; and muscle ghr2 expression. This is the first report that describes the existence of daily rhythms in the somatotropic axis of tilapia and its time-dependent responses of GH administration. Our results should be considered when investigating the elements of the somatotropic axis in tilapia and GH administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Priscila V Rosa
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Fortes-Silva
- Agricultural Science, Biological and Environmental Center, University of Bahia, 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - F Javier Sánchez-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose F López-Olmeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Energy metabolism of hyperthyroid gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata L. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 191:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Librán-Pérez M, Velasco C, López-Patiño MA, Míguez JM, Soengas JL. Counter-regulatory response to a fall in circulating fatty acid levels in rainbow trout. Possible involvement of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal axis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113291. [PMID: 25405879 PMCID: PMC4236162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that a decrease in circulating levels of fatty acid (FA) in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss would result in the inhibition of putative hypothalamic FA sensing systems with concomitant changes in the expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors ultimately leading to a stimulation of food intake. To assess this hypothesis, we lowered circulating FA levels treating fish with SDZ WAG 994 (SDZ), a selective A1 adenosine receptor agonist that inhibits lipolysis. In additional groups, we also evaluated if the presence of intralipid was able to counteract changes induced by SDZ treatment, and the possible involvement of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis by treating fish with SDZ in the presence of metyrapone, which decreases cortisol synthesis in fish. The decrease in circulating levels of FA in rainbow trout induced a clear increase in food intake that was associated with the decrease of the anorexigenic potential in hypothalamus (decreased POMC-A1 and CART mRNA abundance), and with changes in several parameters related to putative FA-sensing mechanisms in hypothalamus. Intralipid treatment counteracted these changes. SDZ treatment also induced increased cortisol levels and the activation of different components of the HPI axis whereas these changes disappeared in the presence of intralipid or metyrapone. These results suggest that the HPI axis is involved in a counter-regulatory response in rainbow trout to restore FA levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Librán-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marcos A López-Patiño
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José L Soengas
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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17
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Baldisserotto B, Martos-Sitcha JA, Menezes CC, Toni C, Prati RL, Garcia LDO, Salbego J, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. The effects of ammonia and water hardness on the hormonal, osmoregulatory and metabolic responses of the freshwater silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 152:341-352. [PMID: 24813267 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of ammonia and water hardness on endocrine, osmoregulatory and metabolic parameters in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The specimens (60-120g) were subjected to six treatments in triplicate, combining three levels of un-ionized ammonia (NH3) (0.020±0.008mg/L [1.17±0.47μM], 0.180±0.020mg/L [10.57±1.17μM] and 0.500±0.007mg/L [29.36±0.41μM]) and two levels of water hardness (normal: 25mgCaCO3/L and high: 120mgCaCO3/L), and sampled after two exposure times (1 and 5 days post-transfer). Plasma cortisol, metabolites, osmolality and ionic values were determined concomitantly with the mRNA expression levels of different adenohypophyseal hormones (growth hormone, GH; prolactin, PRL; and somatolactin, SL). Previously, full-length PRL and SL as well as β-actin cDNAs from R. quelen were cloned. Exposure to high NH3 levels enhanced plasma cortisol levels in fish held under normal water hardness conditions but not in those kept at the high hardness value. The increase in water hardness did not alter plasma metabolites, whereas it modulated the osmolality and ion changes induced by high NH3 levels. However, this hardness increase did not lead to the decreased GH expression that was observed 5 days after exposure to 0.18mg/L NH3 in fish held at the normal water hardness level, whereas PRL expression was enhanced after one day of exposure under the increased hardness conditions. Additionally, SL expression decreased in specimens exposed for 5 days to 0.18mg/L NH3 and maintained at the high water hardness level. The results showed that increasing water hardness attenuated the hormonal parameters evaluated in R. quelen specimens exposed to high NH3 levels, although plasma metabolism do not appear to suffer major changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha
- Departamento de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Charlene C Menezes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cândida Toni
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Prati
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano de O Garcia
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Estação Marinha de Aquicultura, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Joseânia Salbego
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Marina y Acuicultura, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, 11510 Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
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18
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Chaoui L, Gagnaire PA, Guinand B, Quignard JP, Tsigenopoulos C, Kara MH, Bonhomme F. Microsatellite length variation in candidate genes correlates with habitat in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5497-511. [PMID: 23061421 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The genetic basis and evolutionary implications of local adaptation in high gene flow marine organisms are still poorly understood. In several Mediterranean fish species, alternative migration patterns exist between individuals entering coastal lagoons that offer favourable conditions for growth and those staying in the sea where environmental conditions are less subject to rapid and stressful change. Whether these coexisting strategies are phenotypically plastic or include a role for local adaptation through differential survival needs to be determined. Here, we explore the genetic basis of alternate habitat use in western Mediterranean populations of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Samples from lagoonal and open-sea habitats were typed for three candidate gene microsatellite loci, seven anonymous microsatellites and 44 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to test for genotype-environment associations. While anonymous markers globally indicated high levels of gene flow across geographic locations and habitats, non-neutral differentiation patterns correlated with habitat type were found at two candidate microsatellite loci located in the promoter region of the growth hormone and prolactin genes. Further analysis of these two genes revealed that a mechanism based on habitat choice alone could not explain the distribution of genotype frequencies at a regional scale, thus implying a role for differential survival between habitats. We also found an association between allele size and habitat type, which, in the light of previous studies, suggests that polymorphisms in the proximal promoter region could influence gene expression by modulating transcription factor binding, thus providing a potential explanatory link between genotype and growth phenotype in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Chaoui
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier II, SMEL, 2 rue des chantiers, 34200 Sète, France
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Pérez-Maceira JJ, Mancebo MJ, Aldegunde M. Serotonin-induced brain glycogenolysis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2969-79. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
In this study, we evaluated the serotonin-mediated control of cerebral glycogen levels in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of serotonin (5-HT) to normoglycemic trout (time and dose response) decreased glycogen levels in the brain and increased brain glycogen phosphorylase activity (time response). In hypoglycemic fish (that had been fasted for 5 and 10 days), there was a time-dependent decrease in brain glycogen levels; under these conditions, i.c.v. administration of 5-HT also reduced the brain glycogen content in fish that had been fasted for 5 days. In fish with local cerebral hypoglycemia (induced by 2-DG administration), the glycogen levels decreased and, as above, i.c.v. administration of 5-HT also lowered the glycogen content. In hyperglycemic fish, 5-HT did not affect glycogen levels. Administration of receptor agonists 5-HT1A (8-OH-DPAT), 5-HT1B (anpirtoline and CP93129) or 5-HT2 (α-m-5-HT) decreased the brain glycogen levels. This effect was antagonized by the administration of receptor antagonists 5-HT1A (WAY100135 and NAN190), 5-HT1B (NAS181) and 5-HT2B/C (SB206553). Administration of the receptor agonists (±)-DOI (5-HT2A/2C), m-CPP (5-HT2B/2C), BW723C86 (5-HT2B) and WAY 161503 (5-HT2C) led to decreases in the levels of brain glycogen. We found that 5-HT is involved in the modulation of brain glycogen homeostasis in the rainbow trout, causing a glycogenolytic effect when fish are in a normoglycemic or hypoglycemic state, but not when they are in a hyperglycemic state. 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5HT2B and 5-HT2C-like receptors appeared to be involved in the glycogenolytic action of 5-HT, although the effect mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B was apparently stronger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Pérez-Maceira
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal (Instituto de Acuicultura), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J. Mancebo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal (Instituto de Acuicultura), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Aldegunde
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Animal (Instituto de Acuicultura), Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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20
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Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Diricx M, Kumar V, Darras VM, Blust R, De Boeck G. Combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ion-regulatory response in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 114-115:153-164. [PMID: 22446827 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Due to eutrophication, high environmental ammonia (HEA) has become a frequent problem in aquatic environments, especially in agricultural or densely populated areas. During certain periods, e.g. winter, feed deprivation may occur simultaneously in natural waters. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may be enforced to swim at a high speed in order to catch prey, avoid predators and so on. Consequently, fish need to cope with all these stressors by altering physiological processes which in turn are controlled by genes expression. Therefore, in the present study, ammonia toxicity was tested in function of nutrient status (fed versus starved) and swimming performance activity (routine versus exhaustive). Goldfish, a relatively tolerant cyprinid, were exposed to HEA (1 mg/L; Flemish water quality guideline for surface water) for a period of 3 h, 12 h, 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 21 days and 28 days and were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (kept unfed for 7 days prior to sampling). Results showed that the activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the gills was stimulated by HEA and disturbance in ion balance was obvious with increases in plasma [Na⁺], [Cl⁻] and [Ca²⁺] after prolonged exposure. Additionally, osmoregulation and metabolism controlling hormones like cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were investigated to understand adaptive responses. The expression kinetics of growth, stress and osmo-regulatory representative genes such as Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), growth hormone receptor (GHR), thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ), prolactin receptor (PRLR), cortisol receptor (CR) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α(3) were examined. Overall effect of HEA was evident since Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity, plasma cortisol, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentration, expression level of CR and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₃ mRNA in fed and starved fish were increased. On the contrary, transcript level of PRLR was reduced after 4 days of HEA; additionally T3 level and expression of GHR, IGF-I and THRβ genes were decreased following 10-21 days of HEA. Starvation, the additional challenge in the present study, significantly increased plasma cortisol level and CR transcript level under HEA compared to the fed exposed and control fish. Furthermore, a remarkable reduction in T3 and mRNA levels of THRβ, IGF-I and GHR genes was observed under starvation. The toxic effects in both feeding treatments were exacerbated when imposed to exhaustive swimming with more pronounced effects in starved fish. This confirms that starvation makes fish more vulnerable to external ammonia, especially during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Sinha
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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21
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Eyckmans M, Tudorache C, Darras VM, Blust R, De Boeck G. Hormonal and ion regulatory response in three freshwater fish species following waterborne copper exposure. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:270-8. [PMID: 20488257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated effects of sublethal copper exposure in 3 different freshwater fish: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). In a first experiment we exposed these fishes to an equally toxic Cu dose, a Cu level 10 times lower than their 96 h LC50 value: 20, 65, and 150 microg/L Cu. In a second series we exposed them to the same Cu concentration (50 microg/L). Na+/K+-ATPase activity in gill tissue was disturbed differently in rainbow trout then in common and gibel carp. Rainbow trout showed a thorough disruption of plasma ion levels at the beginning of both exposures, whereas common carp and gibel carp displayed effects only after 3 days. Rainbow trout and common carp thyroid hormones experienced adverse effects in the beginning of the exposure. The involvement of prolactin in handling metal stress was reflected in changes of mRNA prolactin receptor concentrations in gill tissue, with an up regulation of this mRNA in rainbow trout and a down regulation in gibel carp, which was more pronounced in the latter. Overall, rainbow trout appeared more sensitive in the beginning of the exposure, however, when it overcame this first challenge, it handled copper exposure in a better manner then common and gibel carp as they showed more long term impacts of Cu exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Eyckmans
- Laboratory for Ecophysiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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22
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Leung LY, Woo NYS. Effects of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and cortisol on gene expression of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in sea bream hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 157:272-82. [PMID: 20647047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the regulatory effects of growth hormone (GH), human insulin-like growth factor I (hIGF-I), thyroxine (T(4)), triiodothyronine (T(3)) and cortisol, on mRNA expression of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), glycogen synthase (GS), glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in hepatocytes isolated from silver sea bream. Genes encoding GK, G6Pase, GS and GP were partially cloned and characterized from silver sea bream liver and real-time PCR assays were developed for the quantification of the mRNA expression profiles of these genes in order to evaluate the potential of these carbohydrate metabolic pathways. GK mRNA level was elevated by GH and hIGF-I, implying that GH-induced stimulation of GK expression may be mediated via IGF-I. GH was found to elevate GS and G6Pase expression, but reduce G6PDH mRNA expression. However, hIGF-I did not affect mRNA levels of GS, G6Pase and G6PDH, suggesting that GH-induced modulation of GS, G6Pase and G6PDH expression levels is direct, and occurs independently of the action of IGF-I. T(3) and T(4) directly upregulated transcript abundance of GK, G6Pase, GS and GP. Cortisol significantly increased transcript amounts of G6Pase and GS but markedly decreased transcript abundance of GK and G6PDH. These changes in transcript abundance indicate that (1) the potential of glycolysis is stimulated by GH and thyroid hormones, but attenuated by cortisol, (2) gluconeogenic and glycogenic potential are augmented by GH, thyroid hormones and cortisol, (3) glycogenolytic potential is upregulated by thyroid hormones but not affected by GH or cortisol, and (4) the potential of the pentose phosphate pathway is attenuated by GH and cortisol but unaffected by thyroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Y Leung
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Vargas-Chacoff L, Astola A, Arjona FJ, Martín del Río MP, García-Cózar F, Mancera JM, Martínez-Rodríguez G. Pituitary gene and protein expression under experimental variation on salinity and temperature in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 154:303-8. [PMID: 19607931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Temperature and salinity are important factors that affect several physiological processes in aquatic organisms, which could be produced by variation of certain hormones. In this study, the expression of pituitary hormones involved in the acclimation to different temperatures and salinities was examined in Sparus aurata, a euryhaline and eurytherm species, by Q-Real Time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses for mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Three different experimental conditions were designed with specimens (10 per treatment) acclimated to: a) low salinity water; b) sea water; and c) high salinity water. Additionally, fish under different salinities were acclimated to three different temperatures: 12, 19 and 26 degrees C. Animals were maintained seven weeks before sampling pituitary glands. Our results provided enough evidence for a differential expression of PRL, GH and SL in the pituitary of gilthead sea bream, under different temperature and salinity regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vargas-Chacoff
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Laiz-Carrión R, Fuentes J, Redruello B, Guzmán JM, Martín del Río MP, Power D, Mancera JM. Expression of pituitary prolactin, growth hormone and somatolactin is modified in response to different stressors (salinity, crowding and food-deprivation) in gilthead sea bream Sparus auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 162:293-300. [PMID: 19348804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and somatolactin (SL) expression was studied in gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) in response to several different stressors (salinity, food deprivation or stocking density). In the first experiment, specimens were acclimated during 100 days at three different environmental salinities: low salinity water (LSW, 6 ppt), brackish water (BW, 12 ppt) and seawater (SW, 38 ppt). Osmoregulatory parameters corresponded to those previously reported for this species under similar osmotic conditions. Pituitary PRL expression increased with decreasing environmental salinity, and was significantly different between SW- and LSW-acclimated fish. Pituitary GH expression was similar between SW- and BW-acclimated fish but decreased in LSW-acclimated specimens. Pituitary SL expression had a "U-shaped" relationship to environmental salinity with the lowest expression in BW-acclimated fish. In a second experiment SW-acclimated specimens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments and maintained for 14 days: (1) fed fish under low density (LD, 4 kg m(-3)); (2) fed fish under high density (HD, 70 kg m(-3)); (3) food deprived fish under LD; and (4) food deprived fish under HD. Plasma glucose and cortisol levels corresponded to those previously reported in S. auratus under similar experimental conditions. Pituitary PRL and SL expression increased in fish maintained under HD and decreased in food deprived fish. In conclusion, an effect of environmental salinity on pituitary PRL and GH expression has been demonstrated. In addition, crowding stress seems to interact with food deprivation in S. auratus and this is reflected by changes in pituitary PRL, GH and SL expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Laiz-Carrión
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Cao YB, Chen XQ, Wang S, Chen XC, Wang YX, Chang JP, Du JZ. Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor of naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii) in Lake Qinghai: expression in different water environments. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2009; 161:400-6. [PMID: 19233187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the cloning and characterization of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II from naked carp (Gymnocypris przewalskii), a native teleost fish of Lake Qinghai in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The GH of naked carp encodes for a predicted amino acid sequence showing identities of 63%, 63%, 91% and 94% with cherry salmon, rainbow trout, zebrafish and grass carp, respectively. Compared to common carp and goldfish, evolutionary analysis showed that genome duplication has had less influence on the relaxation of purifying selection in the evolution of naked carp GH. Sequence analysis of naked carp IGF-I (ncIGF-I) and ncIGF-II showed a high degree of homology with known fish IGF-I and IGF-II. To investigate effects of salinity and ionic composition of the aquatic environment on the GH-IGF axis in naked carp, male fish held in river water were assigned randomly to 4 groups: RW (river-water), RW+Na (NaCl in RW), RW+Mg (MgCl(2) in RW) and LW (lake-water) groups. The concentrations of Na(+) in RW+Na and Mg(2+) in RW+Mg were equal to the concentrations of these ions in lake-water. After 2 days of exposure, the plasma IGF-I levels in the RW+Na and LW groups were significantly higher than the control group (RW), and the plasma GH levels of the LW group were also significantly higher than the RW group. The somatostatin (SS) levels in the hypothalamus significantly increased in the RW+Na group. After 5 days of exposure, these hormone levels did not differ significantly among groups. These results indicate that while the plasma GH and IGF-I levels are osmosensitive, the absence of a change in GH secretion in RW+Na might be partly due to a transiently increased release of hypothalamic SS induced by the stress of neutral-saline water. This is the first report of a salinity-induced increase of GH-IGF-I circulating levels in Cypriniformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Bin Cao
- Division of Neurobiology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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26
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Tseng YC, Hwang PP. Some insights into energy metabolism for osmoregulation in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 148:419-29. [PMID: 18539088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A sufficient and timely energy supply is a prerequisite for the operation of iono- and osmoregulatory mechanisms in fish. Measurements of whole-fish or isolated-gill (or other organs) oxygen consumption have demonstrated regulation of the energy supply during acclimation to different osmotic environments, and such regulation is dependent on species, the situation of acclimation or acclimatization, and life habits. Carbohydrate metabolism appears to play a major role in the energy supply for iono- and osmoregulation, and the liver is the major source supplying carbohydrate metabolites to osmoregulatory organs. Compared with carbohydrates, the roles of lipids and proteins remain largely unclear. Energy metabolite translocation was recently found to occur between fish gill ionocytes and neighboring glycogen-rich (GR) cells, indicating the physiological significance of a local energy supply for gill ion regulatory mechanisms. Spatial and temporal relationships between the liver and other osmoregulatory and non-osmoregulatory organs in partitioning the energy supply for ion regulatory mechanisms during salinity challenges were also proposed. A novel glucose transporter was found to specifically be expressed and function in gill ionocytes, providing the first cue for investigating energy translocation among gill cells. Advanced molecular physiological approaches can be used to examine energy metabolism relevant to a particular cell type (e.g., gill ionocytes), and functional genomics may also provide another powerful approach to explore new metabolic pathways related to fish ion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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Singer TD, Raptis S, Sathiyaa R, Nichols JW, Playle RC, Vijayan MM. Tissue-specific modulation of glucocorticoid receptor expression in response to salinity acclimation in rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 146:271-8. [PMID: 17215158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While studies clearly point to a role for cortisol signaling in seawater adaptation, very little is known about salinity impact on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in fish. To this end, we investigated the temporal GR expression in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to salinity exposure. Trout were subjected to gradual salinity increases (11 ppt for 1 d, 17 ppt for 2 d and 23 ppt for 2 d) over a five day period. Gill Na(+), K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit mRNA showed a transient elevation with salinity exposure, while gill cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA was not significantly affected by salinity. Liver PEPCK transcript levels showed a transient increase at day 1, but not at day 3 or day 5 of salinity exposure, while the activity of this enzyme was significantly depressed at all time points. Liver glycogen content was also significantly reduced by salinity exposure compared to the freshwater group. Gill GR transcript levels were 3-fold greater upon salinity exposure and this level was maintained over the 5 day period, while gill GR protein content remained unchanged except for a significant drop at day 1 of salinity exposure. Liver GR transcript levels showed no significant change with salinity exposure, while GR protein content was transiently elevated at day 3, but not at day 1 or day 5 of salinity exposure. The tissue-specific GR transcript response in the gill leads us to hypothesize a role for osmosensory signal transduction pathway in the regulation of GR expression in fish. Collectively, salinity exposure modulates GR expression and glucocorticoid signaling in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Singer
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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