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Mo N, Shao S, Yang Y, Bao C, Cui Z. Identifying low salinity adaptation gene expression in the anterior and posterior gills of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) by transcriptomic analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101166. [PMID: 38070330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, BGISEQ-500 RNA-Seq technology was adopted to investigate how Scylla paramamosain adapts to salinity tolerance at the molecular level and explores changes in gene expression linked to salinity adaptation following exposure to both low salinity (5 ‰) and standard salinity (23 ‰) conditions. A total of 1100 and 520 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the anterior and posterior gills, respectively, and their corresponding expression patterns were visualized in volcano plots and a heatmap. Further analysis highlighted significant enrichment of well-established gene functional categories and signaling pathways, including those what associated with cellular stress response, ion transport, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, H2O transport, and physiological stress compensation. We also selected key DEGs within the anterior and posterior gills that encode pivotal stress adaptation and tolerance modulators, including AQP, ABCA1, HSP 10, A35, CAg, NKA, VPA, CAc, and SPS. Interestingly, A35 in the gills might regulate osmolality by binding CHH in response to low salinity stress or serve as a mechanism for energy compensation. Taken together, our findings elucidated the intricate molecular mechanism employed by S. paramamosain for salinity adaptation, which involved distinct gene expression patterns in the anterior and posterior gills. These findings provide the foothold for subsequent investigations into salinity-responsive candidate genes and contribute to a deeper understanding of S. paramamosain's adaptation mechanisms in low-salinity surroundings, which is crucial for the development of low-salinity species cultivation and the establishment of a robust culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chenchang Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
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Park K, Kwak IS. Growth retardation and suppression of ubiquitin-dependent catabolic processes in the brackish water clam Corbicula japonica in response to salinity changes and bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122554. [PMID: 37717895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The brackish water clam (Corbicula japonica) is constantly exposed to stressful salinity gradients and high levels of heavy metals in the freshwater-saltwater interface of estuary environments, which are introduced from upstream regions and land. To identify the key molecular pathways involved in the response to salinity changes and heavy metal bioaccumulation, we obtained the transcriptomes of C. japonica inhabiting different salinities and heavy metal distributions in Gwangyang Bay (Korea) using RNA sequencing. Among a total of 404,486 assembled unigenes, 5534 differentially expressed genes were identified in C. japonica inhabiting different conditions, 1549 of which were significantly upregulated and 1355 were significantly downregulated. Correlation analyses revealed distinct gene expression patterns between the low and high conditions of salinity and heavy metal bioaccumulation. Functional annotation revealed significant downregulation of genes involved in "ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process," "tricarboxylic acid cycle," and "intracellular protein transport" in C. japonica from the high condition compared to the low condition. Transcription and translation pathways were significantly enriched in the high condition. Additionally, upon comparison of the low and high conditions by qRT-PCR and proteasome enzyme activity analyses, our findings demonstrated that environmental stress could suppress the ubiquitin-proteasome complex (UPC). Additionally, transcriptomic changes under high salinity stress conditions may be related to an increase in cellular protection by defense enzymes, which leads to more energy being required and a disruption of energy homeostasis. Ultimately, this could cause growth retardation in the clam C. japonica. In summary, this study provides the first evidence of UPC suppression induced by a combination of high salinity and heavy metal bioaccumulation stress in C. japonica, which could compromise the survival and growth of estuarine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, South Korea; Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
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An HE, Choi TJ, Kim CB. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Eriocheir sinensis from Wild Habitats in Han River, Korea. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122027. [PMID: 36556395 PMCID: PMC9781331 DOI: 10.3390/life12122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is an euryhaline crab found from East Asia to Europe and North America. This species can live in freshwater and seawater due to the unique physiological characteristics of their life cycle, which allows them to adapt and inhabit different habitats in a wide range of environments. Despite the wealth of studies focusing on adaptation mechanism of E. sinensis to specific environmental factors, the adaptation mechanisms to wild habitats with coexisting environmental factors are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis to investigate gene expression differences related to habitat adaptation of E. sinensis from two wild habitats with different environmental factors in the Han River, Korea. A total of 138,261 unigenes were analyzed, of which 228 were analyzed as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two wild habitats. Among 228 DEGs, 110 DEGs were annotated against databases; most DEGs were involved in energy metabolism, immunity, and osmoregulation. Moreover, DEG enrichment analysis showed that upregulated genes were related to biosynthesis, metabolism, and immunity in an habitat representing relatively high salinity whereas downregulated genes were related to ion transport and hypoxia response in habitats with relatively low salinity and dissolved oxygen. The present findings can serve as foundation for future E. sinensis culture or conservation approaches in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-(0)2-2287-5288; Fax: +82-(0)2-2287-0070
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Salinity-Driven Changes in Behavioral Responses of Catadromous Eriocher sinensis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12172244. [PMID: 36077964 PMCID: PMC9454515 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salinity is an important environmental factor which can influence the behavior of Eriocheir sinensis. In this study, female crabs were more active in a saline environment, especially low salinity stress, and the changes of antennae were obviously different under salinity shifts. Interestingly, E. sinensis had obvious behavioral differences in the high and low salinity stress, suggesting E. sinensis has different behaviors to adapt to the change of water salinity. Abstract The effects of salinity on behavior are far-reaching, and Eriocheir sinensis showed disparate behaviors under different salinity conditions. Female crabs were more active in saline water, especially low salinity stress, which is beneficial for female crabs to escape from the low-salinity environment quickly. Then, antennal movement indicated that antennae might be the main osmoreceptors in E. sinensis, and 65 min might be a good starting time for salinity stress to analyze osmoregulation in crabs. Interestingly, E. sinensis had obvious behavioral differences in the high and low salinity stress, and behaviors were more intense in a salinity dip from salinity 18 to salinity 0. This study analyzed the osmoregulatory process of catadromous E. sinensis in different salinity from the point of osmoregulatory organ and behavioral response. These results will provide a scientific basis for the osmoregulatory mechanism of E. sinensis, which are conducive to evaluating and analyzing the impact of saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze River estuary on resource fluctuation.
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Park K, Kim WS, Choi B, Kwak IS. Differential Expression of the Apolipoprotein AI Gene in Spotnape Ponyfish ( Nuchequula nuchalis) Inhabiting Different Salinity Ranges at the Top of the Estuary and in the Deep-Bay Area of Gwangyang Bay, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010960. [PMID: 34682707 PMCID: PMC8536079 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spotnape ponyfish (Nuchequula nuchalis) is a dominant species that is broadly distributed from estuarine to deep-bay areas, reflecting a euryhaline habitat. Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) is a main component of plasma lipoproteins and has crucial roles in lipid metabolism and the defense immune system. In this study, we characterized the N. nuchalis ApoAI gene and analyzed the expression of the ApoAI transcript in N. nuchalis collected at various sites in the estuary and the deep-bay area which have different salinities. Owing to the fish’s mobility, we conducted stable isotope analyses to confirm the habitat characteristics of N. nuchalis. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) from N. nuchalis indicated different feeding sources and trophic levels in the estuarine and deep-bay habitats. The characterized N. nuchalis ApoAI displayed residual repeats that formed a pair of alpha helices, indicating that the protein belongs to the apolipoprotein family. In the phylogenetic analysis, there was no sister group of N. nuchalis ApoAI among the large clades of fish species. The transcriptional expression level of ApoAI was higher in N. nuchalis inhabiting the deep-bay area with a high salinity (over 31 psu) than in N. nuchalis inhabiting the top of the estuary with a low salinity (6~15 psu). In addition, the expression patterns of N. nuchalis ApoAI were positively correlated with environmental factors (transparency, pH, TC, and TIC) in the high salinity area. These results suggest that ApoAI gene expression can reflect habitat characteristics of N. nuchalis which traverse broad salinity ranges and is associated with functional roles of osmoregulation and lipid metabolism for fish growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
| | - Bohyung Choi
- Inland Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Geumsan-gun 32762, Korea;
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
- Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-659-7148; Fax: +82-61-659-7149
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Torres G, Charmantier G, Wilcockson D, Harzsch S, Giménez L. Physiological basis of interactive responses to temperature and salinity in coastal marine invertebrate: Implications for responses to warming. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7042-7056. [PMID: 34141274 PMCID: PMC8207410 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing physiological mechanistic models to predict species' responses to climate-driven environmental variables remains a key endeavor in ecology. Such approaches are challenging, because they require linking physiological processes with fitness and contraction or expansion in species' distributions. We explore those links for coastal marine species, occurring in regions of freshwater influence (ROFIs) and exposed to changes in temperature and salinity. First, we evaluated the effect of temperature on hemolymph osmolality and on the expression of genes relevant for osmoregulation in larvae of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. We then discuss and develop a hypothetical model linking osmoregulation, fitness, and species expansion/contraction toward or away from ROFIs. In C. maenas, high temperature led to a threefold increase in the capacity to osmoregulate in the first and last larval stages (i.e., those more likely to experience low salinities). This result matched the known pattern of survival for larval stages where the negative effect of low salinity on survival is mitigated at high temperatures (abbreviated as TMLS). Because gene expression levels did not change at low salinity nor at high temperatures, we hypothesize that the increase in osmoregulatory capacity (OC) at high temperature should involve post-translational processes. Further analysis of data suggested that TMLS occurs in C. maenas larvae due to the combination of increased osmoregulation (a physiological mechanism) and a reduced developmental period (a phenological mechanisms) when exposed to high temperatures. Based on information from the literature, we propose a model for C. maenas and other coastal species showing the contribution of osmoregulation and phenological mechanisms toward changes in range distribution under coastal warming. In species where the OC increases with temperature (e.g., C. maenas larvae), osmoregulation should contribute toward expansion if temperature increases; by contrast in those species where osmoregulation is weaker at high temperature, the contribution should be toward range contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungBiologische Anstalt HelgolandHelgolandGermany
| | - Guy Charmantier
- CNRSIfremerIRDUMMarbecUniversité MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - David Wilcockson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary BiologyZoological Institute and MuseumUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und MeeresforschungBiologische Anstalt HelgolandHelgolandGermany
- School of Ocean SciencesCollege of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringBangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK
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Torres G, Anger K, Giménez L. Effects of short-term and continuous exposure to reduced salinities on the biochemical composition of larval lobster, Homarus gammarus. ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125885. [PMID: 33429190 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In coastal areas with estuarine influence, exposure to hypo-osmotic conditions may affect larval survival, development and growth. Most knowledge about effects of reduced salinity on coastal organisms is based on keeping individuals under constant conditions in the laboratory. By contrast, little is known about the effects of more realistic situations where organisms are exposed to low salinity over short time scales. Such environmental short-term fluctuations are expected to increase due to climate change. Here, we experimentally evaluated the sublethal effects of both short-term and continuous exposure to moderately reduced salinities (salinity 20 and 25; compared to seawater, salinity 32) in larvae of European lobster Homarus gammarus. Total body dry mass and biochemical composition (measured as: protein and lipid contents) were measured as response variables in Mysis stages I to III. Short-term effects of low salinity were quantified in a group of larvae kept in seawater from hatching until the time of transfer to the test salinities. After ca. 40 % of each moult cycle in seawater (determined in preliminary experiments for Mysis I, II and III), larvae were assigned to a seawater control or reduced salinities lasting for 16 h (i.e. until ca. 50 % of the time spent within the moulting cycle). Effects of continuous exposure to low salinity were quantified when larvae were exposed to the different salinities from hatching, until they reached ca. 50 % of the successive moulting stage. Surprisingly, in the Mysis II and III stages, short-term exposure to low salinity had much stronger effects on accumulation of reserves than the continuous exposure. Such effects were manifested mostly as limited accumulation, or even losses, in the lipid content as compared to reductions in the amount of protein accumulated. The most sensitive stage to exposure to low salinity was the Mysis III; by contrast in Mysis I such effects were relative weak (not always significant). Chronic exposure to low salinity also led to an increase in developmental time especially at the advanced stages. Our results highlight the importance of quantifying effects of environmental fluctuations at different time scales in order to better understand how organisms cope with realistic environmental change in the coastal zones. For H. gammarus, our results suggest that larvae respond adaptively to low salinity by maintaining protein levels at expenses of reductions in lipid accumulation and by extending the developmental time, but the capacity to elicit a fully compensatory response varies ontogenetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Klaus Anger
- Kellerseestr. 38a, 23714, Bad Malente, Germany
| | - Luis Giménez
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Helgoland, Germany; School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB, UK
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Bozza DC, Freire CA, Prodocimo V. Osmo-ionic regulation and carbonic anhydrase, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-H+-ATPase activities in gills of the ancient freshwater crustacean Aegla schmitti (Anomura) exposed to high salinities. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang Z, Zhou J, Wei B, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Zhen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals osmotic-regulated genes in the gill of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210469. [PMID: 30629688 PMCID: PMC6328174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important abiotic factors directly affecting the reproduction, molting, growth, immune, physiological and metabolic activities of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). This species has strong osmoregulatory capacity and can maintain stringent internal homeostasis. However, the mechanisms conferring tolerance to salinity fluctuations are not well understood. To reveal the genes and pathways involved in osmoregulation, adult male crabs (body weight = 110 ± 5 g) were acclimated for 144 h in freshwater (FW, 0 ppt) or seawater (SW, 25 ppt). Changes in the transcriptome of crab gills were then analysed by RNA-Seq, and 174,903 unigenes were obtained. Comparison of genes between FW- SW-acclimated groups identified 932 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in the gill, comprising 433 and 499 up- and downregulated transcripts. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis revealed that important biological processes related to salt stress were significantly enriched, including energy metabolism, ion transport, signal transduction and antioxidant activity. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis mapped the differentially expressed genes to 241 specific metabolic pathways, and pathways related to energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)/citrate cycle were significantly enriched. Salinity stress altered the expression of many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, ion transport, signal transduction and antioxidant pathways, including citrate synthase (CS), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter-1 (NKCC1), dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), synaptic binding protein 1 (STXBP1), Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Additionally, the obtained transcriptomic sequencing data provided a useful resource for identification of novel genes, and further physiological analysis of Chinese mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZGY); (YXC)
| | - Junyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Banghong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZGY); (YXC)
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Sensitivity to near-future CO 2 conditions in marine crabs depends on their compensatory capacities for salinity change. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15639. [PMID: 30353120 PMCID: PMC6199311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine crabs inhabit shallow coastal/estuarine habitats particularly sensitive to climate change, and yet we know very little about the diversity of their responses to environmental change. We report the effects of a rarely studied, but increasingly prevalent, combination of environmental factors, that of near-future pCO2 (~1000 µatm) and a physiologically relevant 20% reduction in salinity. We focused on two crab species with differing abilities to cope with natural salinity change, and revealed via physiological and molecular studies that salinity had an overriding effect on ion exchange in the osmoregulating shore crab, Carcinus maenas. This species was unaffected by elevated CO2, and was able to hyper-osmoregulate and maintain haemolymph pH homeostasis for at least one year. By contrast, the commercially important edible crab, Cancer pagurus, an osmoconformer, had limited ion-transporting capacities, which were unresponsive to dilute seawater. Elevated CO2 disrupted haemolymph pH homeostasis, but there was some respite in dilute seawater due to a salinity-induced metabolic alkalosis (increase in HCO3- at constant pCO2). Ultimately, Cancer pagurus was poorly equipped to compensate for change, and exposures were limited to 9 months. Failure to understand the full spectrum of species-related vulnerabilities could lead to erroneous predictions of the impacts of a changing marine climate.
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Theuerkauff D, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Roques JAC, Azzopardi L, Bertini M, Lejeune M, Farcy E, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Salinity Variation in a Mangrove Ecosystem: A Physiological Investigation to Assess Potential Consequences of Salinity Disturbances on Mangrove Crabs. Zool Stud 2018; 57:e36. [PMID: 31966276 PMCID: PMC6517743 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2018.57-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dimitri Theuerkauff, Georgina A. Rivera-Ingraham, Jonathan A.C. Roques, Laurence Azzopardi, Marine Bertini, Mathilde Lejeune, Emilie Farcy, Jehan-Hervé Lignot, and Elliott Sucré (2018) Salinity is one of the main environmental factors determining coastal species distribution. However, in the specific case of mangrove crabs, salinity selection cannot be understood through ecological approaches alone. Yet understanding this issue is crucial in the context of mangrove conservation, since this ecosystem is often used as biofilter of (low- salinity) wastewater. Crabs are keystone species in this mangrove ecosystem and are differentially affected by salinity. We hypothesize that crab salinity selection may be partly explained by specific salinity-induced physiological constraints associated with osmoregulation, energy and redox homeostasis. To test this, the response to salinity variation was analysed in two landward mangrove crabs: the fiddler crab Tubuca urvillei, which inhabits low-salinity areas of the mangrove, and the red mangrove crab Neosarmatium meinerti, which lives in areas with higher salinity. Results confirm that both species are strong hypo-/hyper-osmoregulators that deal easily with large salinity variations. Such shifts in salinity do not induce changes in energy expenditure (measured as oxygen consumption) or in the production of reactive oxygen species. However, T. urvillei is physiologically suited to habitats with brackish water, since it presents i) high hemolymph osmolalities over a wider range of salinities and lower osmoregulatory capacity in seawater, ii) high Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in the posterior osmoregulatory gills and iii) a thicker osmoregulatory epithelium along the posterior gill lamellae. Therefore, while environmental salinity alone cannot directly explain fiddler and red mangrove crab distributions, our data suggest that salinity selection is indeed influenced by specific physiological adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theuerkauff
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Jonathan A C Roques
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Laurence Azzopardi
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marine Bertini
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Emilie Farcy
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
| | - Elliott Sucré
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France. E-mail: Dimitri.theuerkauff@umontpellier. fr (Theuerkauff); (Rivera-Ingraham); (Roques); Laurence. (Azzopardi); (Bertini); (Farcy); Elliott. (Sucré)
- Centre Universitaire de Mayotte (CUFR), Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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Theuerkauff D, Rivera-Ingraham GA, Mercky Y, Lejeune M, Lignot JH, Sucré E. Effects of domestic effluent discharges on mangrove crab physiology: Integrated energetic, osmoregulatory and redox balances of a key engineer species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:90-103. [PMID: 29407802 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are increasingly used as biofiltering systems of (pre-treated) domestic effluents. However, these wastewater discharges may affect local macrofauna. This laboratory study investigates the effects of wastewater exposure on the mangrove spider crab Neosarmatium meinerti, a key engineering species which is known to be affected by waste waters in effluent-impacted areas. These effects were quantified by monitoring biological markers of physiological state, namely oxygen consumption, the branchial cavity ventilation rate, gill physiology and morphology, and osmoregulatory and redox balance. Adults acclimated to clean seawater (SW, 32 ppt) and freshwater (FW, ∼0 ppt) were compared to crabs exposed to wastewater for 5 h (WW, ∼0 ppt). Spider crabs exposed to WW increased their ventilation and whole-animal respiration rates by 2- and 3-fold respectively, while isolated gill respiration increased in the animals exposed to FW (from 0.5 to 2.3 and 1.1 nmol O2 min-1 mg DW-1 for anterior and posterior gills, respectively) but was not modified in WW-exposed individuals. WW exposure also impaired crab osmoregulatory capacity; an 80 mOsm kg-1 decrease was observed compared to FW, likely due to decreased branchial NKA activity. ROS production (DCF fluorescence in hemolymph), antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and oxidative damage (malondialdehyde concentration) responses varied according to animal gender. Overall, this study demonstrates that specific physiological parameters must be considered when focusing on crabs with bimodal breathing capacities. We conclude that spider crabs exposed to WW face osmoregulatory imbalances due to functional and morphological gill remodeling, which must rapidly exhaust energy reserves. These physiological disruptions could explain the ecological changes observed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theuerkauff
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France.
| | | | - Yann Mercky
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Mathilde Lejeune
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- UMR MARBEC (University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France; Centre Universitaire de Mayotte, Route Nationale 3, BP 53, 97660 Dembeni, Mayotte, France
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Urzúa Á, Urbina MA. Ecophysiological adaptations to variable salinity environments in the crab Hemigrapsus crenulatus from the Southeastern Pacific coast: Sodium regulation, respiration and excretion. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 210:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Long X, Wu X, Zhao L, Ye H, Cheng Y, Zeng C. Effects of salinity on gonadal development, osmoregulation and metabolism of adult male Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628611 PMCID: PMC5476241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As a catadromous species, salinity is a key parameter that affects gonadal development of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis during reproductive migration. It is however unclear the effects of salinity on the gonadal development of male E. sinensis as well as their physiological responses to salinity during reproductive migration. This study investigated the effects of four salinities (0 ‰, 6 ‰, 12 ‰ and 18 ‰) on gonadal development, osmoregulation and metabolism of adult male E. sinensis over a 40-day period. The results showed that elevating salinity promote gonadal development, increase hemolymph osmolality and K+ and Mg2+ concentrations (P < 0.05). The 12 ‰ salinity resulted in the highest contents of taurine and arginine in the hemolymph while the highest contents of threonine, phenylalanine, lysine, ß-alanine, tryptophan, ornithine and total free amino acids were found for 0 ‰ treatment (P < 0.05). A decreasing trend was detected for the Na+/K+-ATPase activity and its mRNA expression level in the posterior gills with salinity (P < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acids in the anterior gills decreased with increasing salinity (P < 0.05); the 0 ‰ treatment had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids in the posterior gills while total n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with salinity (P < 0.05). The hemolymph glucose and uric acid showed a decreasing trend as salinity while an increasing trend was found for the hemolymph triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05). The 12 ‰ treatment had the highest levels of hemolymph malonaldehyde and hepatopancreatic γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggested that the brackish water promote gonadal development of male E. sinensis, and increase osmolality and ionic concentrations in hemolymph while reduced the activity of Na+ /K+- ATPase and its mRNA expression in the posterior gills as well as metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Long
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XW); (CZ)
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoshu Zeng
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (XW); (CZ)
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Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of two carbonic anhydrase in the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and its expression in response to salinity and pH stress. Gene 2015; 576:347-57. [PMID: 26526129 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is involved in ion transport, acid-base balance and pH regulation by catalyzing the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-). In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of two CA isoforms were identified from Portunus trituberculatus. One was Portunus trituberculatus cytoplasmic carbonic anydrase (PtCAc) and the other one was Portunus trituberculatus glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked carbonic anhydrase (PtCAg). The sequence of PtCAc was formed by an ORF of 816 bp, encoding a protein of 30.18 kDa. The PtCAg was constituted by an ORF of 927 bp, encoding a protein of 34.09 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two CA isoforms were compared to other crustacean' CA sequences. Both of them reflected high conservation of the residues and domains essential to the function of the two enzymes. The tissue expression analysis of PtCAc and PtCAg were detected in gill, muscle, hepatopancreas, hemocytes and gonad. PtCAc and PtCAg gene expressions were studied under salinity and pH challenge. The results showed that when salinity decreased (30 to 20 ppt), the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 24 and 48 h, and the highest value appeared at 24h. The mRNA expression of PtCAg had the same situation with PtCAc. However, when salinity increased (30 to 35 ppt), only the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 48 h. When pH changed, only the mRNA expression of PtCAc increased significantly at 12h, which was under low pH situation. The mRNA expression of PtCAg increased significantly at 12-48 h, and there was no significant difference of the expression between the pH challenged group and the control group in other experimental time. The results provided the base of understanding CA' function and the underlying mechanism in response to environmental changes in crustaceans.
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Li E, Wang S, Li C, Wang X, Chen K, Chen L. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the genes and pathways involved in salinity stress of Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:177-90. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00191.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 276.9 million reads were obtained and assembled into 206, 371 contigs with an average length of 614 bp and N50 of 1,470 bp. Comparison of digital gene expression between treatment and control group reveals 1,151 and 941 genes were significantly differentially expressed in crab gill and muscle, respectively. In gill and muscle, protein ubiquitination, ubiquinone biosynthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondria dysfunction pathways were the top pathways differentially expressed following the challenge. EIF 2 signaling pathway and IGF-1 signaling pathway were the top ones among the signal-related pathways. Most of the amino acid metabolism pathways were found to be involved in this process. The expression patterns of 15 differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (average correlation coefficient 0.80). This is the first report of expression analysis of genes and pathways involved in osmoregulation of Eriocheir sinensis through transcriptome sequencing. The findings of this study will further promote the understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of salinity stress adaptation for crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobiology Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Chao Li
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Modulation by K+ Plus NH4+ of microsomal (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity in selected ontogenetic stages of the diadromous river shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e89625. [PMID: 24586919 PMCID: PMC3931822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the synergistic stimulation by K+ plus NH4+ of (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity in microsomal preparations of whole zoea I and decapodid III, and in juvenile and adult river shrimp gills. Modulation of (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity is ontogenetic stage-specific, and particularly distinct between juveniles and adults. Although both gill enzymes exhibit two different sites for K+ and NH4+ binding, in the juvenile enzyme, these two sites are equivalent: binding by both ions results in slightly stimulated activity compared to that of a single ionic species. In the adult enzyme, the sites are not equivalent: when one ion occupies its specific binding site, (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity is stimulated synergistically by ≈50% on binding of the complementary ion. Immunolocalization reveals the enzyme to be distributed predominantly throughout the intralamellar septum in the gill lamellae of juveniles and adults. Western blot analyses demonstrate a single immunoreactive band, suggesting a single (Na+, K+)-ATPase α-subunit isoform that is distributed into different density membrane fractions, independently of ontogenetic stage. We propose a model for the modulation by K+ and NH4+ of gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity. These findings suggest that the gill enzyme may be regulated by NH4+ during ontogenetic development in M. amazonicum.
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Havird JC, Santos SR, Henry RP. Osmoregulation in the Hawaiian anchialine shrimp Halocaridina rubra (Crustacea: Atyidae): expression of ion transporters, mitochondria-rich cell proliferation, and hemolymph osmolality during salinity transfers. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:2309-20. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies of euryhaline crustaceans have identified conserved osmoregulatory adaptions allowing hyper-osmoregulation in dilute waters. However, previous studies have mainly examined decapod brachyurans with marine ancestries inhabiting estuaries or tidal creeks on a seasonal basis. Here, we describe osmoregulation in the atyid Halocaridina rubra, an endemic Hawaiian shrimp of freshwater ancestry from the islands' anchialine ecosystem (coastal ponds with subsurface fresh water and seawater connections) that encounters near-continuous spatial and temporal salinity changes. Given this, survival and osmoregulatory responses were examined over a wide salinity range. In the laboratory, H. rubra tolerated salinities of ~0-56‰, acting as both a hyper- and hypo-osmoregulator and maintaining a maximum osmotic gradient of ~868 mOsm/kg H2O in freshwater. Furthermore, hemolymph osmolality was more stable during salinity transfers relative to other crustaceans. Silver nitrate and vital mitochondria-rich cell staining suggest all gills are osmoregulatory, with a large proportion of each individual gill functioning in ion transport (including when H. rubra acts as an osmoconformer in seawater). Additionally, expression of ion transporters and supporting enzymes that typically undergo up-regulation during salinity transfer in osmoregulatory gills (i.e., Na+/K+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, V-type H+-ATPase, and arginine kinase) were generally unaltered in H. rubra during similar transfers. These results suggest H. rubra (and possibly other anchialine species) maintains high, constitutive levels of gene expression and ion transport capability in the gills as a means of potentially coping with the fluctuating salinities that are encountered in anchialine habitats. Thus, anchialine taxa represent an interesting avenue for future physiological research.
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He C, Chen P, Gao X, Gao L, Li L. Expression and purification of ecdysteroid-regulated protein from Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in E. coli. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6987-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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França JL, Pinto MR, Lucena MN, Garçon DP, Valenti WC, McNamara JC, Leone FA. Subcellular Localization and Kinetic Characterization of a Gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase from the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:529-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9565-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Fehsenfeld S, Weihrauch D. Differential acid–base regulation in various gills of the green crab Carcinus maenas: Effects of elevated environmental pCO2. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2013; 164:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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22
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Sakamoto T, Ogawa S, Nishiyama Y, Godo W, Takahashi H. Osmolality and ionic status of hemolymph and branchial Na+/K+-ATPase in adult mitten crab during seawater adaptation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-0874-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Henry RP, Lucu Č, Onken H, Weihrauch D. Multiple functions of the crustacean gill: osmotic/ionic regulation, acid-base balance, ammonia excretion, and bioaccumulation of toxic metals. Front Physiol 2012; 3:431. [PMID: 23162474 PMCID: PMC3498741 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The crustacean gill is a multi-functional organ, and it is the site of a number of physiological processes, including ion transport, which is the basis for hemolymph osmoregulation; acid-base balance; and ammonia excretion. The gill is also the site by which many toxic metals are taken up by aquatic crustaceans, and thus it plays an important role in the toxicology of these species. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of the mechanisms of osmotic and ionic regulation performed by the gill. The current concepts of the mechanisms of ion transport, the structural, biochemical, and molecular bases of systemic physiology, and the history of their development are discussed. The relationship between branchial ion transport and hemolymph acid-base regulation is also treated. In addition, the mechanisms of ammonia transport and excretion across the gill are discussed. And finally, the toxicology of heavy metal accumulation via the gill is reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond P. Henry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn UniversityAuburn, AL, USA
| | - Čedomil Lucu
- Center for Marine Research Rovinj, Institute Ruđder Bošković ZagrebRovinj, Croatia
- Department of Aquaculture, University of DubrovnikDubrovnik, Croatia
| | - Horst Onken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wagner CollegeStaten Island, NY, USA
| | - Dirk Weihrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Wang Y, Li E, Yu N, Wang X, Cai C, Tang B, Chen L, Van Wormhoudt A. Characterization and expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in response to acute salinity stress in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37316. [PMID: 22615974 PMCID: PMC3355100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a key enzyme for the synthesis and catabolism of glutamic acid, proline and alanine, which are important osmolytes in aquatic animals. However, the response of GDH gene expression to salinity alterations has not yet been determined in macro-crustacean species. Methodology/Principal Findings GDH cDNA was isolated from Eriocheir sinensis. Then, GDH gene expression was analyzed in different tissues from normal crabs and the muscle of crabs following transfer from freshwater (control) directly to water with salinities of 16‰ and 30‰, respectively. Full-length GDH cDNA is 2,349 bp, consisting of a 76 bp 5′- untranslated region, a 1,695 bp open reading frame encoding 564 amino acids and a 578 bp 3′- untranslated region. E. sinensis GDH showed 64–90% identity with protein sequences of mammalian and crustacean species. Muscle was the dominant expression source among all tissues tested. Compared with the control, GDH expression significantly increased at 6 h in crabs transferred to 16‰ and 30‰ salinity, and GDH expression peaked at 48 h and 12 h, respectively, with levels approximately 7.9 and 8.5 fold higher than the control. The free amino acid (FAA) changes in muscle, under acute salinity stress (16‰ and 30‰ salinities), correlated with GDH expression levels. Total FAA content in the muscle, which was based on specific changes in arginine, proline, glycine, alanine, taurine, serine and glutamic acid, tended to increase in crabs following transfer to salt water. Among these, arginine, proline and alanine increased significantly during salinity acclimation and accounted for the highest proportion of total FAA. Conclusions E. sinensis GDH is a conserved protein that serves important functions in controlling osmoregulation. We observed that higher GDH expression after ambient salinity increase led to higher FAA metabolism, especially the synthesis of glutamic acid, which increased the synthesis of proline and alanine to meet the demand of osmoregulation at hyperosmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueru Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (EL); (LC)
| | - Na Yu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Boping Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Science, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China
| | - Liqiao Chen
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (EL); (LC)
| | - Alain Van Wormhoudt
- UMR5178, Station de Biologie Marine du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, BP225, Concarneau, France
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Sun M, Jiang K, Zhang F, Zhang D, Shen A, Jiang M, Shen X, Ma L. Effects of various salinities on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Hsp70 and Hsp90 expression profiles in juvenile mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:978-86. [PMID: 22576924 DOI: 10.4238/2012.april.19.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is a euryhaline crab migrating from sea to freshwater habitats during the juvenile stage. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to investigate the gene expression profile of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Hsp70 (heat shock protein 70) and Hsp90 in megalopa exposed to salinities of 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 parts per thousand. Both low and high salinities markedly stimulated expression of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes of Chinese mitten crab megalopa; salinity had different effects on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels depending on the duration of salinity stress, implying that Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, Hsp70 and Hsp90 may play an important role in salinity tolerance in this crab species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries Resources and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Paital B, Chainy GBN. Effects of salinity on O₂ consumption, ROS generation and oxidative stress status of gill mitochondria of the mud crab Scylla serrata. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 155:228-37. [PMID: 21930243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration, activities of electron transport chain enzymes and formation of oxidative stress parameters were investigated in mitochondria isolated from gill tissue of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) as a function of salinity (10 ppt, 17 ppt and 35 ppt). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate was higher for succinate as substrate compared with those of glutamate, malate and pyruvate. Complex I and complex II mediated respirations were higher at low salinity (10 ppt) than high salinity (17 ppt and 35 ppt). Although activities of electron transport chain enzymes particularly complexes I (EC 1.6.5.3), II (EC 1.3.99.1) and II-III (EC 1.3.2.1) were elevated linearly in response to salinity treatment, activity of complex V (ATPase, EC 3.6.1.34) was decreased at 35 ppt salinity. However, ATPase activity was higher at 17 ppt salinity in comparison to 10 ppt and 17 ppt salinity. Results of the experiment suggest that high salinity (35 ppt) causes hypoxic state in mitochondria of mud crabs. Hypoxic condition induced by high salinity was accompanied with increased hydrogen peroxide production resulting oxidative stress in mitochondria of crabs. A possible mechanism of hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species generation and OS due to salinity stress in the crabs is discussed.
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27
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Urzúa Á, Anger K. Larval biomass and chemical composition at hatching in two geographically isolated clades of the shrimpMacrobrachium amazonicum: intra- or interspecific variation? INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2011.576155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Jiang H, Ren F, Sun J, He L, Li W, Xie Y, Wang Q. Molecular cloning and gene expression analysis of the leptin receptor in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11175. [PMID: 20567508 PMCID: PMC2887359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone with multiple functions that regulates energy homeostasis and reproductive functions. Increased knowledge of leptin receptor function will enhance our understanding of the physiological roles of leptin in animals. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, a full-length leptin receptor (lepr) cDNA, consisting of 1,353 nucleotides, was cloned from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) following the identification of a single expressed sequence tag (EST) clone in a cDNA library. The lepr cDNA consisted of a 22-nucleotide 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR), a 402-nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) and a 929-nucleotide 3′ UTR. Multiple sequence alignments revealed that Chinese mitten crab lepr shared a conserved vacuolar protein sorting 55 (Vps55) domain with other species. Chinese mitten crab lepr expression was determined in various tissues and at three different reproductive stages using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Lepr expression was highest in the intestine, thoracic ganglia, gonad, and accessory gonad, moderate in hepatopancreas and cranial ganglia, and low in muscle, gill, heart, haemocytes, and stomach. Furthermore, lepr expression was significantly higher in the intestine, gonad and thoracic ganglia in immature crabs relative to precocious and mature crabs. In contrast, lepr expression was significantly lower in the hepatopancreas of immature crabs relative to mature crabs. Conclusions/Significance We are the first to identify the lepr gene and to determine its gene expression patterns in various tissues and at three different reproductive stages in Chinese mitten crab. Taken together, our results suggest that lepr may be involved in the nutritional regulation of metabolism and reproduction in Chinese mitten crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangling Sun
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yannan Xie
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Romano N, Zeng C. Survival, osmoregulation and ammonia-N excretion of blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles exposed to different ammonia-N and salinity combinations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 151:222-8. [PMID: 19892035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia-N toxicity to early Portunus pelagicus juveniles at different salinities was investigated along with changes to haemolymph osmolality, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and ammonia-N levels, ammonia-N excretion and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. Experimental crabs were acclimated to salinities 15, 30 and 45 per thousand for one week and 25 replicate crabs were subsequently exposed to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mg L(-1) ammonia-N for 96-h, respectively. High ammonia-N concentrations were used to determine LC(50) values while physiological measurements were conducted at lower concentrations. When crabs were exposed to ammonia-N, anterior gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity significantly increased (p<0.05) at all salinities, while this only occurred on the posterior gills at 30 per thousand. For crabs exposed to 20 and 40 mg L(-1) ammonia-N, both posterior gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and ammonia-N excretion were significantly higher at 15 per thousand than those at 45 per thousand. Despite this trend, the 96-h LC(50) value at 15 per thousand (43.4 mg L(-1)) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than at both 30 per thousand and 45 per thousand (65.8 and 75.2 mg L(-1), respectively). This may be due to significantly higher (p<0.05) haemolymph ammonia-N levels of crabs at low salinities and may similarly explain the general ammonia-N toxicity pattern to other crustacean species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Romano
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
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Jiang H, Yin Y, Zhang X, Hu S, Wang Q. Chasing relationships between nutrition and reproduction: A comparative transcriptome analysis of hepatopancreas and testis from Eriocheir sinensis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2009; 4:227-34. [PMID: 20403758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is a delicate relationship between nutrition and reproduction of mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The crabs store significant amounts of energy in hepatopancreas, which is prepared for significant energy output and expenditure during reproduction, but the internal molecular mechanism has never been known. Here we present the first relationship between hepatopancreas and testis of E. sinensis. We acquired 6287 high quality expressed sequence tags (EST), representing 3829 unigenes totally, from healthy male mitten crabs of first grade. We investigated the Gene Ontology and the main metabolism processes of hepatopancreas and testis from E. sinensis. Genes most likely expressed more frequently and localized in hepatopancreas, and abundant genes from testis for multiple functions. Many genes important for the nutrition regulation are in the EST resource, including arginine kinase, leptin receptor-like protein, seminal plasma glycoprotein 120, and many kinds of zinc finger proteins. The EST data also revealed genes such as heat shock protein 70, testis enhanced gene transcript (TEGT), Cyclin K, etc. predicted to play important roles in regulation of reproduction mechanisms. Among these genes, alignment of leptin receptor-like protein and vasa-like protein from E. sinensis and other species showed even more genomic information on E. sinensis. We identified seventeen genes relevant to control of nutrition mechanisms and eleven genes involved in regulation of reproduction. And this study provides insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of nutrition and reproduction in the crab. Such information would facilitate the optimization of breeding in the aquaculture of mitten crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Torres G, Giménez L, Anger K. Effects of osmotic stress on crustacean larval growth and protein and lipid levels are related to life-histories: The genus Armases as a model. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 148:209-24. [PMID: 17611134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the larval stages of three euryhaline species of the genus Armases, we tested if changes in biomass (dry mass, W; protein; lipid) under hyposmotic stress were related to their salinity tolerance, capabilities of osmoregulation, and migration patterns. As model species, we compared Armases miersii, which breeds in supratidal rock pools, the riverine crab Armases roberti (showing a larval export strategy), and Armases ricordi, whose larvae probably develop in coastal marine waters. At each stage, larvae were exposed to different salinities (selected according to previous information on larval survival; range: 5 per thousand-32 per thousand for A. miersii, 10 per thousand-32 per thousand for A. roberti, and 15 per thousand-32 per thousand for A. ricordi). Biomass was measured in early postmoult and intermoult. The larvae of the strongly osmoregulating species A. miersii, which develop in habitats with highly variable salinity conditions, showed the smallest variations in biomass. The effect on A. roberti varied during its ontogeny: the Zoea I and the Megalopa, which carry out downstream and upstream migrations, respectively, showed lower biomass variations than the intermediate zoeal instars, which develop in coastal waters. The larvae of A. ricordi showed generally the highest variations in biomass, reflecting poor adaptation to salinity variations. In addition, a common pattern was found for these estuarine species: the maximum of biomass shifted during ontogeny from 32 per thousand to 25 per thousand, reflecting changes of the iso-osmotic point. The ontogeny of osmoregulation reflected ontogenetic migration patterns, which allow for avoiding detrimental effects of salinity variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Torres
- Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Foundation Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
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