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Hambäck PA, Cirtwill AR, Grudzinska-Sterno M, Hoffmann A, Langbak M, Åhlén D. Species composition of shoreline wolf spider communities vary with salinity, but their diets vary with wrack inflow. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9701. [PMID: 36590338 PMCID: PMC9797640 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolf spiders are typically the most common group of arthropod predators on both lake and marine shorelines because of the high prey availability in these habitats. However, shores are also harsh environments due to flooding and, in proximity to marine waters, to toxic salinity levels. Here, we describe the spider community, prey availabilities, and spider diets between shoreline sites with different salinities, albeit with comparatively small differences (5‰ vs. 7‰). Despite the small environmental differences, spider communities between lower and higher saline sites showed an almost complete species turnover. At the same time, differences in prey availability or spider gut contents did not match changes in spider species composition but rather changed with habitat characteristics within a region, where spiders collected at sites with thick wrack beds had a different diet than sites with little wrack. These data suggest that shifts in spider communities are due to habitat characteristics other than prey availabilities, and the most likely candidate restricting species in high salinity would be saline sensitivity. At the same time, species absence from low-saline habitats remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Hambäck
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alyssa R Cirtwill
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Marie Langbak
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - David Åhlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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2
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Ridel A, Lafage D, Devogel P, Lacoue-Labarthe T, Pétillon J. Habitat filtering differentially modulates phylogenetic and functional diversity relationships between predatory arthropods. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202093. [PMID: 34109036 PMCID: PMC8170193 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying biological diversities at different scales have received significant attention over the last decades. The hypothesis of whether local abiotic factors, driving functional and phylogenetic diversities, can differ among taxa of arthropods remains under-investigated. In this study, we compared correlations and drivers of functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) between spiders and carabids, two dominant taxa of ground-dwelling arthropods in salt marshes. Both taxa exhibited high correlation between FD and PD; the correlation was even higher in carabids, probably owing to their lower species richness. Analyses using structural equation modelling highlighted that FD and PD were positively linked to taxonomic diversity (TD) in both taxa; however, abiotic factors driving the FD and PD differed between spiders and carabids. Salinity particularly drove the TD of carabids, but not that of spiders, suggesting that spiders are phenotypically more plastic and less selected by this factor. Conversely, PD was influenced by salinity in spiders, but not in carabids. This result can be attributed to the different evolutionary history and colonization process of salt marshes between the two model taxa. Finally, our study highlights that, in taxa occupying the same niche in a constrained habitat, FD and PD can have different drivers, and thereby different filtering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Ridel
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Denis Lafage
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Pierre Devogel
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSs, Université de La Rochelle, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
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3
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Wagner ND, Helm PA, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomic responses to pre-chlorinated and final effluent wastewater with the addition of a sub-lethal persistent contaminant in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9014-9026. [PMID: 30719660 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Consumer products such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and pharmaceuticals (PCPPs) enter aquatic ecosystems through inefficient removal during wastewater treatment. Often, the sterilization process of wastewater includes the addition of sodium hypochlorite that can react with PCPPs and other organic matter (i.e., dissolve organic matter) to generate disinfection by-products and can cause the final effluent to be more harmful to aquatic organisms. Here, we exposed Daphnia magna to two stages of wastewater, the pre-chlorinated wastewater (PreCl) and the final effluent. In addition, we exposed D. magna, to the final effluent with a concentration gradient of added PFOS, to investigate if this persistent contaminant altered the toxicity of the final effluent. After 48 h of contaminant exposure, we measured the daphnids metabolic responses to the different stages of wastewater treatment, and with the addition of PFOS, utilizing proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found few significant changes to the metabolic profile of animals exposed to the PreCl wastewater; however, animals exposed to the final effluent displayed increases in many amino acids and decreases in some sugar metabolites. With the addition of PFOS to the final effluent, the metabolic profile shifted from increased amino acids and decreased sugar metabolites and energy molecules especially at the low and high concentrations of PFOS. Overall, our results demonstrate the metabolome is sensitive to changes in the final effluent that are caused by sterilization, and with the addition of a persistent contaminant, the metabolic profile is further altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Paul A Helm
- Environmental Monitoring & Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation, and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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4
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Dahirel M, Masier S, Renault D, Bonte D. The distinct phenotypic signatures of dispersal and stress in an arthropod model: from physiology to life history. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.203596. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dispersing individuals are expected to encounter costs during transfer and in the novel environment, and may also have experienced stress in their natal patch. Given this, a non-random subset of the population should engage in dispersal and show divergent stress-related responses. This includes physiological shifts as expressed in the metabolome, which form a major part of responses to stress. We analyzed how metabolic profiles and life-history traits varied between dispersers and residents of the model two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, and whether and how these syndromes varied with exposure to a stressful new host plant (tomato). Regardless of the effect of host plant, we found a physiological dispersal syndrome where, relative to residents, dispersers were characterized by lower leaf consumption and a lower concentration of several amino acids, indicating a potential dispersal-foraging trade-off. As a possible consequence of this lower food intake, dispersers also laid smaller eggs. Responses to tomato were consistent with this plant being a stressor for Tetranychus urticae, including reduced fecundity and reduced feeding. Tomato-exposed mites laid larger eggs, which we interpret as a plastic response to food stress, increasing survival to maturity. Contrary to what was expected from the costs of dispersal and from previous meta-population level studies, there was no interaction between dispersal status and host plant for any of the examined traits, meaning stress impacts were equally incurred by residents and dispersers. We thus provide novel insights in the processes shaping dispersal and the feedbacks on ecological dynamics in spatially structured populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Dahirel
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stefano Masier
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Pereira CS, Lopes I, Abrantes I, Sousa JP, Chelinho S. Salinization effects on coastal ecosystems: a terrestrial model ecosystem approach. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20180251. [PMID: 30509924 PMCID: PMC6283962 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In coastal areas, intrusion/irrigation with seawater can threaten biodiversity along with crop yields, and the leaching of salts from areas affected by these processes can increase the salinity of water bodies nearby. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of salinization on coastal soil ecosystems due to saline intrusion/irrigation. Terrestrial model ecosystems were used to simulate two soil salinization scenarios: (i) seawater intrusion and irrigation with distilled water and (ii) seawater intrusion and irrigation with saline water. Three sampling periods were established: T0-after acclimation period; T1-salinization effects; and T2-populations' recovery. In each sampling period, the abundance of nematodes, enchytraeids, springtails, mites and earthworms, and plant biomass were measured. Immediate negative effects on enchytraeid abundance were detected, especially at the higher level of saltwater via intrusion+irrigation. Eight weeks after the cessation of saline irrigation, the abundance of enchytraeids fully recovered, and some delayed effects were observed in earthworm abundance and plant biomass, especially at the higher soil conductivity level. The observed low capacity of soil to retain salts suggests that, particularly at high soil conductivities, nearby freshwater bodies can also be endangered. Under saline conditions similar to the ones assayed, survival of some soil communities can be threatened, leading to the loss of biodiversity.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pereira
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3000 456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Lopes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - I Abrantes
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3000 456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J P Sousa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3000 456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Chelinho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, P-3000 456 Coimbra, Portugal
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6
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Puzin C, Bonte D, Pétillon J. Influence of individual density and habitat availability on long-distance dispersal in a salt-marsh spider. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1486888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Puzin
- EA7316, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julien Pétillon
- EA7316, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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7
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Nam KH, Kim YJ, Moon YS, Pack IS, Kim CG. Salinity affects metabolomic profiles of different trophic levels in a food chain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:198-206. [PMID: 28475913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is one of the most important abiotic stressors in an ecosystem. To examine how exposing a host plant to excess salt affects the consequent performance and metabolism of insects in a food chain, we determined the life history traits and the metabolite profiles in rice (Oryza sativa), the herbivore Sitobion avenae, and its predator Harmonia axyridis. When compared with performance under normal (non-stressed) conditions, exposing plants to 50mM NaCl significantly delayed the timing of development for S. avenae fed on rice and H. axyridis and also reduced the body mass of the latter. Our GC-MS-based analysis revealed clear differences in metabolite profiles between trophic levels or treatment conditions. Salinity apparently increased the levels of main components in rice, but decreased levels of major components in S. avenae and H. axyridis. In addition, 16 metabolites showed salinity-related contrasts in this trophic interaction for our rice-S. avenae-H. axyridis system. Salinity impeded the accumulation of metabolites, especially several sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and fatty acids in both insects, a response that was possibly associated with the negative impacts on their growth and reproduction under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Hee Nam
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joong Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; Entomology Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Seul Moon
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soon Pack
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Kim
- Bio-Evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Protein Content in Silken Webs of Cellar Spiders (Family-Pholcidae): Effect of Habitat and Senescence. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-017-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Ruhland F, Pétillon J, Trabalon M. Physiological costs during the first maternal care in the wolf spider Pardosa saltans (Araneae, Lycosidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 95:42-50. [PMID: 27639941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many arachnids like other terrestrial arthropods, provide extensive maternal care. Few studies have quantified the underlying physiological costs of maternal care. We investigated how maternal care affects the free-moving wolf spider's (Pardosa saltans) energy requirements. We described in detail their basic reproduction biology (i.e. carrying cocoon and young) and we evaluated the variation in the females' energy reserves during maternal care. Our results show that mothers guard eggs until hatching and then guard their spiderlings for 27-30 more days. Laboratory observations indicated that spiderlings start leaving the maternal abdomen gradually 5-7days after hatching. Females carry an egg sac (cocoon) that can weigh up to 77% of their post-reproduction weight and carry young that weigh 87-100% of their body mass. Females lost weight over time despite regular food intake, while carrying cocoon and young; but their weights increased gradually during the dispersal of young. The contributions of proteins, glucose and triglycerides to maintain females' energy were calculated. Their energetic state varied during maternal care, in particular lipid levels declined, during the care of spiderlings when the females' predatory behaviour was inhibited. Our results show that the maternal care provided by P. saltans females is particularly costly physiologically, during the 30days following egg sac formation and development of spiderlings, even when food is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ruhland
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR-6552 CNRS EthoS, Rennes, France.
| | - Julien Pétillon
- Université de Rennes 1, EA 7316 Biodiversité et Gestion des Territoires, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Trabalon
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR-6552 CNRS EthoS, Rennes, France
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10
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Ouisse T, Bonte D, Lebouvier M, Hendrickx F, Renault D. The importance of relative humidity and trophic resources in governing ecological niche of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus in the Kerguelen archipelago. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 93-94:42-49. [PMID: 27530305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies to identify species-specific drivers of survival to environmental stress, reproduction, growth, and recruitment are vital to gaining a better understanding of the main ecological factors shaping species habitat distribution and dispersal routes. The present study performed a field-based assessment of habitat distribution in the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus for the Kerguelen archipelago. The results emphasised humid habitats as a key element of the insect's realised niche. In addition, insects faced food and water stress during dispersal events. We evaluated quantitatively how water availability and trophic resources governed the spatial distribution of this invasive predatory insect at Îles Kerguelen. Food and water stress survival durations [in 100%, 70%, and 30% relative humidity (RH) conditions] and changes in a set of primary metabolic compounds (metabolomics) were determined. Adult M. soledadinus supplied with water ad libitum were highly tolerant to prolonged starvation (LT50=51.7±6.2d). However, food-deprived insect survival decreased rapidly in moderate (70% RH, LT50=30.37±1.39h) and low (30% RH, LT50=13.03±0.48h) RH conditions. Consistently, body water content decreased rapidly in insects exposed to 70% and 30% RH. Metabolic variation evidenced the effects of food deprivation in control insects (exposed to 100% RH), which exhibited a progressive decline of most glycolytic sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Most metabolite levels were elevated levels during the first few hours of exposure to 30% and 70% RH. Augmented alanine and lactate levels suggested a shift to anaerobic metabolism. Simultaneously, peaks in threonine and glycolytic sugars pointed to metabolic disruption and a progressive physiological breakdown in dehydrating individuals. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the geographic distribution of M. soledadinus populations is highly dependent on habitat RH and water accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Ouisse
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Lebouvier
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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11
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Van Petegem KHP, Renault D, Stoks R, Bonte D. Metabolic adaptations in a range-expanding arthropod. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6556-6564. [PMID: 27777729 PMCID: PMC5058527 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite an increasing number of studies documenting life‐history evolution during range expansions or shifts, we lack a mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiological processes. In this explorative study, we used a metabolomics approach to study physiological changes associated with the recent range expansion of the two‐spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Mite populations were sampled along a latitudinal gradient from range core to edge and reared under benign common garden conditions for two generations. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we obtained metabolic population profiles, which showed a gradual differentiation along the latitudinal gradient, indicating (epi)genetic changes in the metabolome in association with range expansion. These changes seemed not related with shifts in the mites’ energetic metabolism, but rather with differential use of amino acids. Particularly, more dispersive northern populations showed lowered concentrations of several essential and nonessential amino acids, suggesting a potential downregulation of metabolic pathways associated with protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Renault
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio Université de Rennes 1 Rennes Cedex France
| | - Robby Stoks
- Evolution and Conservation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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12
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Renault D, Puzin C, Foucreau N, Bouchereau A, Pétillon J. Chronic exposure to soil salinity in terrestrial species: Does plasticity and underlying physiology differ among specialized ground-dwelling spiders? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 90:49-58. [PMID: 27241165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In salt marshes, the alternation of low and high tides entails rapid shifts of submersion and aerial exposure for terrestrial communities. In these intertidal environments, terrestrial species have to deal with an osmotic loss in body water content and an increase in sodium chloride concentration when salt load increases. In salt marshes, spiders represent an abundant arthropod group, whose physiological ecology in response to variations of soil salinity must be further investigated. In this study, we compared the effect of salinity on the survival and physiology of three species of Lycosidae; two salt marsh species (Arctosa fulvolineata and Pardosa purbeckensis) and one forest species (P. saltans). Spiders were individually exposed at three salinity conditions (0‰, 35‰ and 70‰) and survival, changes in body water content, hemolymph ions (Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+); ICP-MS technique) and metabolites (mainly amino acids, polyols, sugars; LC and GC techniques) were assessed. The survival of the forest species P. saltans was very quickly hampered at moderate and high salinities. In this spider, variations of hemolymph ions and metabolites revealed a quick loss of physiological homeostasis and a rapid salt-induced dehydration of the specimens. Conversely, high survival durations were measured in the two salt-marsh spiders, and more particularly in A. fulvolineata. In both P. purbeckensis and A. fulvolineata, the proportion of Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+) remained constant at the three experimental conditions. Accumulation of hemolymph Na(+) and amino acids (mainly glutamine and proline) demonstrated stronger osmoregulatory capacities in these salt-marsh resident spiders. To conclude, even if phylogenetically close (belonging to the same, monophyletic, family), we found different physiological capacities to cope with salt load among the three tested spider species. Nevertheless, physiological responses to salinity were highly consistent with the realized ecological niches of the spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - C Puzin
- Université de Rennes 1, EA 7316, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - N Foucreau
- Université de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5023 LEHNA, 6 rue Raphaël Dubois, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - A Bouchereau
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR INRA IGEPP, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 25042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - J Pétillon
- Université de Rennes 1, EA 7316, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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13
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Pereira CS, Lopes I, Sousa JP, Chelinho S. Effects of NaCl and seawater induced salinity on survival and reproduction of three soil invertebrate species. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 135:116-122. [PMID: 25930052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increase of global mean temperature is raising serious concerns worldwide due to its potential negative effects such as droughts and melting of glaciers and ice caps leading to sea level rise. Expected impacts on soil compartment include floodings, seawater intrusions and use of saltwater for irrigation, with unknown effects on soil ecosystems and their inhabitants. The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of salinisation on soil ecosystems due to sea level rise. The reproduction and mortality of three standard soil invertebrate species (Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, Hypoaspis aculeifer) in standard artificial OECD soil spiked with serial dilutions of seawater/gradient of NaCl were evaluated according to standard guidelines. An increased sensitivity was observed in the following order: H. aculeifer≪E. crypticus≈F. candida consistent with the different exposure pathways: springtails and enchytraeids are exposed by ingestion and contact while mites are mainly exposed by ingestion due to a continuous and thick exoskeleton. Although small differences were observed in the calculated effect electrical conductivity values, seawater and NaCl induced the same overall effects (with a difference in the enchytraeid tests where a higher sensitivity was found in relation to NaCl). The adverse effects described in the present study are observed on soils not considered saline. Therefore, the actual limit to define saline soils (4000 μS cm(-1)) does not reflect the existing knowledge when considering soil fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pereira
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - I Lopes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J P Sousa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Chelinho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wagner ND, Lankadurai BP, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ, Frost PC. Metabolomic differentiation of nutritional stress in an aquatic invertebrate. Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 88:43-52. [PMID: 25590592 DOI: 10.1086/679637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality frequently constrains the growth and reproduction of primary consumers, altering their population dynamics, interactions in food webs, and contributions to ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling. The identification and measurement of an animal's nutritional state are thus central to studying the connections between diet and animal ecology. Here we show how the nutritional state of a freshwater invertebrate, Daphnia magna, can be determined by analyzing its endogenous metabolites using hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics. With a multivariate analysis, we observed the differentiation of the metabolite composition of animals grown under control conditions (good food and no environmental stress), raised on different diets (low quantity, nitrogen limited, and phosphorus limited), and exposed to two common environmental stressors (bacterial infection and salt stress). We identified 18 metabolites that were significantly different between control animals and at least one limiting food type or environmental stressor. The unique metabolite responses of animals caused by inadequate nutrition and environmental stress are reflective of dramatic and distinctive effects that each stressor has on animal metabolism. Our results suggest that dietary-specific induced changes in metabolite composition of animal consumers hold considerable promise as indicators of nutritional stress and will be invaluable to future studies of animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Wagner
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada; 2Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada; 3Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9J 7B8, Canada
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Comparative salinity tolerance in native flies from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands: a metabolomic approach. Polar Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-014-1605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hidalgo K, Laparie M, Bical R, Larvor V, Bouchereau A, Siaussat D, Renault D. Metabolic fingerprinting of the responses to salinity in the invasive ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus at the Kerguelen Islands. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:91-100. [PMID: 23123259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an abiotic factor that may impact survival and fitness of terrestrial insects in coastal environments. Meanwhile, some terrestrial arthropods can survive in hypersaline environments, and counterbalance osmotic stress by intra- and extracellular buildups of organic osmolytes. The ground beetle Merizodus soledadinus originates from South America and it is distributed in forests and riparian zones, where salinity levels are considerably low. This species has been introduced at the Kerguelen Islands a century ago, where it colonized coastal areas (tide drift lines), and must thus withstand salinity variations due to tide, spray, and organic matter deposited therein. In the present study, we addressed the physiological plasticity of M. soledadinus to saline conditions, by monitoring body water content and survival in adults experimentally subjected to different salinities. We also investigated possible metabolic adjustments involved at three contrasted salinity levels (0‰, 35‰, 70‰) at 4 and 8°C. We hypothesized that this invasive ground beetle can withstand a broad range of salinity conditions thanks to the plastic accumulation of compatible solutes. The study revealed a progressive drop in body water content in individuals exposed to 35‰ and 70‰, as opposed to the controls. Metabolic fingerprints showed compatible solute (erythritol, alanine, glycine and proline) accumulation at medium and high salinity conditions (35‰ and 70‰). We concluded that the osmo-induced accumulation of amino acids and polyols was likely to modulate the ground beetles' body water balance on medium saline substrates, thus enhancing their survival ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hidalgo
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Gal Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France
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