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Simon A, Fierke J, Reiter EJ, Loguercio GA, Heinrichs S, Putzenlechner B, Joelson NZ, Walentowski H. The interior climate and its microclimatic variation of temperate forests in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Int J Biometeorol 2024; 68:719-730. [PMID: 38279025 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge on mesoclimatic zonation and microclimatic variations within mountain forest ecosystems is crucial for understanding regional species turnover and effects of climate change on these systems. The temperate mountain forests in the Andean region of South America are among the largest and contiguous natural deciduous forest areas in the world. Due to their pronounced disturbance regime and different successional stages, a climatic zonation combined with the characterisation of its microclimatic variation is important to identify thresholds of species occurrences.We used micro-loggers to measure air temperature and relative humidity for one year at 40 measurement locations along longitudinal and elevation gradients in mountain forests in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Our results unveil mesoclimatic patterns within these forests characterised by variations in temperature and vapour pressure deficit along the elevational gradient in general, but also at different times of the year. For example, Austrocedrus chilensis and Nothofagus dombeyi forests differed mainly by temperature and its diurnal range in the warmest months of the year. Also, differences between forest stands and gaps were more pronounced in the warmest months of the year and at lower elevations, with up to 2.5 K higher temperatures in the second half of the day in gaps. We found clear indications that shrubland of Nothofagus antarctica representing a successional stage after disturbances alters the mesoclimatic pattern, favouring forest fire ignition. Such mesoclimatic variations have a major influence on tree species turnover and ecological processes within these forest ecosystems.The findings contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between topography, climate, and vegetation in shaping the spatial patterns of species occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Simon
- Faculty of Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Fierke
- Faculty of Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ernesto J Reiter
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Loguercio
- Andean Patagonian Forest Research and Extension Center (CIEFAP), Esquel, Argentina
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Forestry, National University of Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina
| | - Steffi Heinrichs
- Faculty of Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany
- Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Birgitta Putzenlechner
- Department of Cartography, GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Z Joelson
- Faculty of Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helge Walentowski
- Faculty of Resource Management, HAWK University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Göttingen, Germany.
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Arslan AM, Wang X, Liu BY, Xu YN, Li L, Gong XY. Photosynthetic resource-use efficiency trade-offs triggered by vapour pressure deficit and nitrogen supply in a C 4 species. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 197:107666. [PMID: 37001304 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Trade-offs in resource-use efficiency (including water-, nitrogen-, and light-use efficiency, i.e., WUE, NUE, and LUE) are an important acclimation strategy of plants to environmental stresses. C4 photosynthesis, featured by a CO2 concentrating mechanism, is believed to be more efficient in using resources compared to C3 photosynthesis. However, response of photosynthetic resource-use efficiency trade-offs in C4 plants to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and N supply has rarely been studied. Here, we studied the photosynthetic acclimation of Cleistogenes squarrosa, a perennial C4 grass, to controlled growth conditions with high or low VPD and N supply. High VPD increased WUE by 12% and decreased NUE by 16%, the ratio of net photosynthetic rate (A) to electron transport rate (J) (A/J) by 7% and the apparent quantum yield by 6%. High N supply tended to reduce NUE and increased maximum phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylation rate by 71% and slightly increased WUE. Stomatal conductance showed acclimation to VPD according to the Ball-Berry model, while a balanced cost of carboxylation and transpiration capacity was found across VPD and N treatments based on the least-cost model. WUE correlated negatively with NUE and LUE indicating that there was a trade-off between them, which is likely associated with acclimations in stomatal conductance and CO2 concentrating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Muhammad Arslan
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Bo Ya Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Yi Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province Funded), College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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Varghese R, Behera MD. Annual and seasonal variations in gross primary productivity across the agro-climatic regions in India. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:631. [PMID: 31520222 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7796-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gross primary productivity (GPP) is a vital ecosystem variable that is used as a proxy to study the functional behaviour of a terrestrial ecosystem and its ability to regulate atmospheric CO2 by working as a carbon pool. India, having the potential terrestrial ecosystem dynamics to absorb the atmospheric carbon dioxide to some extent, is one of the least-explored regions in terms of carbon monitoring studies. The current study evaluates the applicability of a newly developed, quantum yield-based, remote sensing data-driven diagnostic model called the Southampton Carbon Flux (SCARF). This model was used to estimate the annual and seasonal variability of the terrestrial GPP over the Indian region with a spatial resolution of 1 km during 2008. This modified version of the conventional production efficiency model successfully predicted GPP using meteorological variables (PAR, air temperature and dew point temperature), the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation and quantum yield of C3 and C4 plants as the key input parameters. The annual GPP values were in the range from 0 to 4147.55 g C m-2 year-1, with a mean value of 1507.32 g C m-2 year-1. The maximum and minimum GPP were during the summer monsoon and pre-monsoon, respectively. The seasonal and annual distributions of GPP over the study area obtained using the SCARF model, and the MODIS GPP product (MOD17A2H) were similar. However, MODIS was found to underestimate the GPP in all regions and an overestimation in eastern Himalaya region. The study reveals that environmental scalars, specifically water stress, are the pivotal controlling variables responsible for the variation of GPP in India. The estimates of the GPP in different regions of the study area were made using SCARF, and an eddy covariance technique was similar. The SCARF model can be used to estimate GPP on a global scale. SCARF appears to be a better model in terms of the simplicity of the algorithm, performance and resolution. Thus, it may give higher accuracy in carbon monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roma Varghese
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - M D Behera
- Centre for Oceans, Rivers, Atmosphere and Land Sciences (CORAL), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Stangl ZR, Tarvainen L, Wallin G, Ubierna N, Räntfors M, Marshall JD. Diurnal variation in mesophyll conductance and its influence on modelled water-use efficiency in a mature boreal Pinus sylvestris stand. Photosynth Res 2019; 141:53-63. [PMID: 31123952 PMCID: PMC6612512 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00645-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) is a critical variable for the use of stable carbon isotopes to infer photosynthetic water-use efficiency (WUE). Although gm is similar in magnitude to stomatal conductance (gs), it has been measured less often, especially under field conditions and at high temporal resolution. We mounted an isotopic CO2 analyser on a field photosynthetic gas exchange system to make continuous online measurements of gas exchange and photosynthetic 13C discrimination (Δ13C) on mature Pinus sylvestris trees. This allowed the calculation of gm, gs, net photosynthesis (Anet), and WUE. These measurements highlighted the asynchronous diurnal behaviour of gm and gs. While gs declined from around 10:00, Anet declined first after 12:00, and gm remained near its maximum until 16:00. We suggest that high gm played a role in supporting an extended Anet peak despite stomatal closure. Comparing three models to estimate WUE from ∆13C, we found that a simple model, assuming constant net fractionation during carboxylation (27‰), predicted WUE well, but only for about 75% of the day. A more comprehensive model, accounting explicitly for gm and the effects of daytime respiration and photorespiration, gave reliable estimates of WUE, even in the early morning hours when WUE was more variable. Considering constant, finite gm or gm/gs yielded similar WUE estimates on the diurnal scale, while assuming infinite gm led to overestimation of WUE. These results highlight the potential of high-resolution gm measurements to improve modelling of Anet and WUE and demonstrate that such gm data can be acquired, even under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofia R Stangl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lasse Tarvainen
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nerea Ubierna
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mats Räntfors
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John D Marshall
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
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Reddy PS, Tharanya M, Sivasakthi K, Srikanth M, Hash CT, Kholova J, Sharma KK, Vadez V. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Aquaporin genes in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R. Br.] genotypes contrasting in their transpiration response to high vapour pressure deficits. Plant Sci 2017; 265:167-176. [PMID: 29223338 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is a crop of the semi-arid tropics having high degree of genetic diversity and variable tolerance to drought stress. To investigate drought tolerance mechanism that possibly accounts for differences in drought tolerance, four recombinant inbred lines from a high resolution cross (HRC) were selected for variability in their transpiration rate (Tr) response to vapour pressure deficit (VPD) conditions. The differential Tr response of the genotypes to increased VPD conditions was used to classify the genotypes as sensitive or insensitive to high VPD. Aquaporin (AQP) genes PgPIP1;1, PgPIP1;2, PgPIP2;1, PgPIP2;3, PgPIP2;6, PgTIP1;1 and PgTIP2;2 were cloned. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the cloned PgAQPs were evolutionarily closer to maize AQPs than to rice. PgAQP genes, including PgPIP1;1 and PgPIP2;6 in root tissue showed a significant expression pattern with higher expression in VPD-insensitive genotypes than VPD-sensitive genotypes under low VPD conditions (1.2kPa) i.e when there is no high evaporative demand from the atmosphere. PgAQP genes (PgPIP2;1 in leaf and root tissues; PgPIP1;2 and PgTIP2;2 in leaf and PgPIP2;6 in root) followed a diurnal rhythm in leaves and roots that have either higher or lower expression levels at different time intervals. Under high VPD conditions (4.21kPa), PgPIP2;3 showed higher transcript abundance in VPD-insensitive genotypes, and PgPIP2;1 in VPD-sensitive genotypes, while rest of the PgAQPs showed differential expression. Our current hypothesis is that these differences in the expression of AQP genes under different VPDs suggests a role of the AQPs in tuning the water transport pathways with variation between genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - Murugesan Tharanya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Kaliamoorthy Sivasakthi
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India; Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Mallayee Srikanth
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - C Tom Hash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - Jana Kholova
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502 324, Telangana, India.
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Ouisse T, Bonte D, Lebouvier M, Hendrickx F, Renault D. The importance of relative humidity and trophic resources in governing ecological niche of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus in the Kerguelen archipelago. J Insect Physiol 2016; 93-94:42-49. [PMID: 27530305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive studies to identify species-specific drivers of survival to environmental stress, reproduction, growth, and recruitment are vital to gaining a better understanding of the main ecological factors shaping species habitat distribution and dispersal routes. The present study performed a field-based assessment of habitat distribution in the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus for the Kerguelen archipelago. The results emphasised humid habitats as a key element of the insect's realised niche. In addition, insects faced food and water stress during dispersal events. We evaluated quantitatively how water availability and trophic resources governed the spatial distribution of this invasive predatory insect at Îles Kerguelen. Food and water stress survival durations [in 100%, 70%, and 30% relative humidity (RH) conditions] and changes in a set of primary metabolic compounds (metabolomics) were determined. Adult M. soledadinus supplied with water ad libitum were highly tolerant to prolonged starvation (LT50=51.7±6.2d). However, food-deprived insect survival decreased rapidly in moderate (70% RH, LT50=30.37±1.39h) and low (30% RH, LT50=13.03±0.48h) RH conditions. Consistently, body water content decreased rapidly in insects exposed to 70% and 30% RH. Metabolic variation evidenced the effects of food deprivation in control insects (exposed to 100% RH), which exhibited a progressive decline of most glycolytic sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Most metabolite levels were elevated levels during the first few hours of exposure to 30% and 70% RH. Augmented alanine and lactate levels suggested a shift to anaerobic metabolism. Simultaneously, peaks in threonine and glycolytic sugars pointed to metabolic disruption and a progressive physiological breakdown in dehydrating individuals. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the geographic distribution of M. soledadinus populations is highly dependent on habitat RH and water accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Ouisse
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Lebouvier
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Renault
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6553 EcoBio CNRS, 263 Avenue du G(al) Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Schultz HR, Matthews MA. High vapour pressure deficit exacerbates xylem cavitation and photoinhibition in shade-grown Piper auritum H.B. & K. during prolonged sunflecks : I. Dynamics of plant water relations. Oecologia 1997; 110:312-319. [PMID: 28307219 DOI: 10.1007/s004420050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Water relations dynamics during simulated sunflecks at high (36°C) and medium (27°C) temperatures and high and low vapour pressure deficits beween leaf and air (VPD) were studied on shade-grown Piper auritum H.B. & K. plants, a pioneer tree, common in gaps and clearings of tropical rain forests. The leaves of P. auritum wilt rapidly when exposed to high light. Exposure to high VPD and high light caused substantial and rapid dehydration of leaves. Dehydration could be prevented under high humidity irrespective of temperature. Water stored in leaf cells served as initial source for transpiration upon high light exposure. This effect increased with increasing VPD and temperature. The pronounced decrease in leaf water content over time in high light caused a rapid decrease in leaf water potential (Ψl) and a concomitant increase in water potential gradient (ΔΨ/Δx) between trunk and leaf, yet the high leaf elasticity (small bulk elastic modulus, ε) allowed turgor maintenance under most conditions. Under high VPD and high temperature, stomata remained open and ΔΨ/Δx frequently exceeded 0.95 MPa · m-1, the cavitation-inducing threshold (ΔΨ/Δx cav) causing high rates of acoustic emissions from stems and leaf petioles and leading to concomitant losses in hydraulic conductance per leaf area (k l). At medium temperature (high VPD), stomatal closure contained xylem embolism by keeping ΔΨ/Δx at or below this threshold. We argue that wilting substantially contributes to creating a sufficient driving force for water uptake from the soil, and reducing the VPD (through a decrease in radiation load and thus leaf temperature) to avoid excessive dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Schultz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, , , , , , US
| | - Mark A Matthews
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, , , , , , US
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