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Zhang J, Li L, Zhang Z, Han L, Xu L. The Effect of Ethephon on Ethylene and Chlorophyll in Zoysia japonica Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1663. [PMID: 38338942 PMCID: PMC10855035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Zoysia japonica (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is a kind of warm-season turfgrass with many excellent characteristics. However, the shorter green period and longer dormancy caused by cold stress in late autumn and winter are the most limiting factors affecting its application. A previous transcriptome analysis revealed that ethephon regulated genes in chlorophyll metabolism in Zoysia japonica under cold stress. Further experimental data are necessary to understand the effect and underlying mechanism of ethephon in regulating the cold tolerance of Zoysia japonica. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethephon by measuring the enzyme activity, intermediates content, and gene expression related to ethylene biosynthesis, signaling, and chlorophyll metabolism. In addition, the ethylene production rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll a/b ratio were analyzed. The results showed that ethephon application in a proper concentration inhibited endogenous ethylene biosynthesis, but eventually promoted the ethylene production rate due to its ethylene-releasing nature. Ethephon could promote chlorophyll content and improve plant growth in Zoysia japonica under cold-stressed conditions. In conclusion, ethephon plays a positive role in releasing ethylene and maintaining the chlorophyll content in Zoysia japonica both under non-stressed and cold-stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liebao Han
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (J.Z.); (L.L.); (Z.Z.)
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2
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Agostini A, Shen G, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH, van der Est A, Carbonera D. Optically detected magnetic resonance and mutational analysis reveal significant differences in the photochemistry and structure of chlorophyll f synthase and photosystem II. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:149002. [PMID: 37562512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.149002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria that undergo far red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), chlorophyll (Chl) f is produced by the ChlF synthase enzyme, probably by photo-oxidation of Chl a. The enzyme forms homodimeric complexes and the primary amino acid sequence of ChlF shows a high degree of homology with the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII). However, few details of the photochemistry of ChlF are known. The results of a mutational analysis and optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) data from ChlF are presented. Both sets of data show that there are significant differences in the photochemistry of ChlF and PSII. Mutation of residues that would disrupt the donor side primary electron transfer pathway in PSII do not inhibit the production of Chl f, while alteration of the putative ChlZ, P680 and QA binding sites rendered ChlF non-functional. Together with previously published transient EPR and flash photolysis data, the ODMR data show that in untreated ChlF samples, the triplet state of P680 formed by intersystem crossing is the primary species generated by light excitation. This is in contrast to PSII, in which 3P680 is only formed by charge recombination when the quinone acceptors are removed or chemically reduced. The triplet states of a carotenoid (3Car) and a small amount of 3Chl f are also observed by ODMR. The polarization pattern of 3Car is consistent with its formation by triplet energy transfer from ChlZ if the carotenoid molecule is rotated by 15° about its long axis compared to the orientation in PSII. It is proposed that the singlet oxygen formed by the interaction between molecular oxygen and 3P680 might be involved in the oxidation of Chl a to Chl f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy; Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
| | - Art van der Est
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock, Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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3
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Tamang BG, Zhang Y, Zambrano MA, Ainsworth EA. Anatomical determinants of gas exchange and hydraulics vary with leaf shape in soybean. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:909-920. [PMID: 36111999 PMCID: PMC10332398 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf shape in crops can impact light distribution and carbon capture at the whole plant and canopy level. Given similar leaf inclination, narrow leaves can allow a greater fraction of incident light to pass through to lower canopy leaves by reducing leaf area index, which can potentially increase canopy-scale photosynthesis. Soybean has natural variation in leaf shape which can be utilized to optimize canopy architecture. However, the anatomical and physiological differences underlying variation in leaf shape remain largely unexplored. METHODS In this study, we selected 28 diverse soybean lines with leaf length to width ratios (leaf ratio) ranging between 1.1 and 3.2. We made leaf cross-sectional, gas exchange, vein density and hydraulic measurements and studied their interrelationships among these lines. KEY RESULTS Our study shows that narrow leaves tend to be thicker, with an ~30 µm increase in leaf thickness for every unit increase in leaf ratio. Interestingly, thicker leaves had a greater proportion of spongy mesophyll while the proportions of palisade and paraveinal mesophyll decreased. In addition, narrow and thicker leaves had greater photosynthesis and stomatal conductance per unit area along with greater leaf hydraulic conductance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that selecting for narrow leaves can improve photosynthetic performance and potentially provide a yield advantage in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal G Tamang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yanqun Zhang
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Beijing, China
| | - Michelle A Zambrano
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL, USA
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4
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Li H, He X, Gao Y, Liu W, Song J, Zhang J. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome, Proteome, and Phosphoproteome Reveals Potential Roles of Photosynthesis Antenna Proteins in Response to Brassinosteroids Signaling in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1290. [PMID: 36986978 PMCID: PMC10058427 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are a recently discovered group of substances that promote plant growth and productivity. Photosynthesis, which is vital for plant growth and high productivity, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroid signaling. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the photosynthetic response to brassinosteroid signaling in maize remains obscure. Here, we performed integrated transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteomic analyses to identify the key photosynthesis pathway that responds to brassinosteroid signaling. Transcriptome analysis suggested that photosynthesis antenna proteins and carotenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling in CK VS EBR and CK VS Brz were significantly enriched in the list of differentially expressed genes upon brassinosteroids treatment. Consistently, proteome and phosphoproteomic analyses indicated that photosynthesis antenna and photosynthesis proteins were significantly enriched in the list of differentially expressed proteins. Thus, transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses showed that major genes and proteins related to photosynthesis antenna proteins were upregulated by brassinosteroids treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, 42 and 186 transcription factor (TF) responses to brassinosteroid signals in maize leaves were identified in the CK VS EBR and CK VS Brz groups, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the photosynthetic response to brassinosteroid signaling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewu He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yuanfen Gao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Song
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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5
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Pinevich AV, Averina SG. On the Edge of the Rainbow: Red-Shifted Chlorophylls and Far-Red Light Photoadaptation in Cyanobacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722602019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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6
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Meng X, Liu L, Chen X. Bacterial photosynthesis: state-of-the-art in light-driven carbon fixation in engineered bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 69:102174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Using synthetic biology to improve photosynthesis for sustainable food production. J Biotechnol 2022; 359:1-14. [PMID: 36126804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is responsible for the primary productivity and maintenance of life on Earth, boosting biological activity and contributing to the maintenance of the environment. In the past, traditional crop improvement was considered sufficient to meet food demands, but the growing demand for food coupled with climate change has modified this scenario over the past decades. However, advances in this area have not focused on photosynthesis per se but rather on fixed carbon partitioning. In short, other approaches must be used to meet an increasing agricultural demand. Thus, several paths may be followed, from modifications in leaf shape and canopy architecture, improving metabolic pathways related to CO2 fixation, the inclusion of metabolic mechanisms from other species, and improvements in energy uptake by plants. Given the recognized importance of photosynthesis, as the basis of the primary productivity on Earth, we here present an overview of the latest advances in attempts to improve plant photosynthetic performance. We focused on points considered key to the enhancement of photosynthesis, including leaf shape development, RuBisCO reengineering, Calvin-Benson cycle optimization, light use efficiency, the introduction of the C4 cycle in C3 plants and the inclusion of other CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). We further provide compelling evidence that there is still room for further improvements. Finally, we conclude this review by presenting future perspectives and possible new directions on this subject.
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8
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Suarez JV, Mudd EA, Day A. A Chloroplast-Localised Fluorescent Protein Enhances the Photosynthetic Action Spectrum in Green Algae. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091770. [PMID: 36144372 PMCID: PMC9504678 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Green microalgae are important sources of natural products and are attractive cell factories for manufacturing high-value products such as recombinant proteins. Increasing scales of production must address the bottleneck of providing sufficient light energy for photosynthesis. Enhancing the photosynthetic action spectrum of green algae to improve the utilisation of yellow light would provide additional light energy for photosynthesis. Here, we evaluated the Katushka fluorescent protein, which converts yellow photons to red photons, to drive photosynthesis and growth when expressed in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts. Transplastomic algae expressing a codon-optimised Katushka gene accumulated the active Katushka protein, which was detected by excitation with yellow light. Removal of chlorophyll from cells, which captures red photons, led to increased Katushka fluorescence. In yellow light, emission of red photons by fluorescent Katushka increased oxygen evolution and photosynthetic growth. Utilisation of yellow photons increased photosynthetic growth of transplastomic cells expressing Katushka in light deficient in red photons. These results showed that Katushka was a simple and effective yellow light-capturing device that enhanced the photosynthetic action spectrum of C. reinhardtii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio V. Suarez
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carr. Transpeninsular 3917, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.V.S.); (A.D.); Tel.: +44-161-275-3913 (A.D.)
| | - Elisabeth A. Mudd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anil Day
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
- Correspondence: (J.V.S.); (A.D.); Tel.: +44-161-275-3913 (A.D.)
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9
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Jonwal S, Verma N, Sinha AK. Regulation of photosynthetic light reaction proteins via reversible phosphorylation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111312. [PMID: 35696912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of photosynthesis occurs at different levels including the control of nuclear and plastid genes transcription, RNA processing and translation, protein translocation, assemblies and their post translational modifications. Out of all these, post translational modification enables rapid response of plants towards changing environmental conditions. Among all post-translational modifications, reversible phosphorylation is known to play a crucial role in the regulation of light reaction of photosynthesis. Although, phosphorylation of PS II subunits has been extensively studied but not much attention is given to other photosynthetic complexes such as PS I, Cytochrome b6f complex and ATP synthase. Phosphorylation reaction is known to protect photosynthetic apparatus in challenging environment conditions such as high light, elevated temperature, high salinity and drought. Recent studies have explored the role of photosynthetic protein phosphorylation in conferring plant immunity against the rice blast disease. The evolution of phosphorylation of different subunits of photosynthetic proteins occurred along with the evolution of plant lineage for their better adaptation to the changing environment conditions. In this review, we summarize the progress made in the research field of phosphorylation of photosynthetic proteins and highlights the missing links that need immediate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Jonwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neetu Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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10
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Use of Quartz Sand Columns to Study Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP) in Cyanobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0056222. [PMID: 35727027 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00562-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cyanobacteria can perform far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP), which allows them to use far-red light (FRL) for oxygenic photosynthesis. Most of the cyanobacteria able to use FRL were discovered in low visible-light (VL; λ = 400-700 nm) environments that are also enriched in FRL (λ = 700-800 nm). However, these cyanobacteria grow faster in VL than in FRL in laboratory conditions, indicating that FRL is not their preferred light source when VL is available. Therefore, it is interesting to understand why such strains were primarily found in FRL-enriched but not VL-enriched environments. To this aim, we established a terrestrial model system with quartz sand to study the distribution and photoacclimation of cyanobacterial strains. A FaRLiP-performing cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1, and a VL-utilizing model cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, were compared in this study. We found that, although Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1 can grow well in both VL and FRL, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grows much faster than Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1 in VL. In addition, the growth was higher in liquid cocultures than in monocultures of Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1 or Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In an artificial terrestrial model system, Leptolyngbya sp. JSC-1 has an advantage when growing in coculture at greater depths by performing FaRLiP. Therefore, strong competition for VL and slower growth rate are possible reasons why FRL-utilizing cyanobacteria are found in environments with low VL intensities. This model system provides a valuable tool for future studies of cyanobacterial ecological niches and interactions in a terrestrial environment. IMPORTANCE This study uses sand columns to establish a terrestrial model system for the investigation of the distribution and acclimation of cyanobacteria to far-red light. Previous studies of this group of cyanobacteria required direct in situ samplings. The variability of conditions and abundances of the cyanobacteria in natural settings impeded detailed analyses and comparisons. Therefore, we established this model system under controlled conditions in the laboratory. In this system, the distribution and acclimation of two cyanobacteria were similar to the situation observed in natural environments, which validates that it can be used to study fundamental questions. Using this approach, we made the unanticipated observation that two cyanobacteria grow faster in coculture than in axenic cultures. This laboratory-based model system can provide a valuable new tool for comparing cyanobacterial strains (e.g., mutants and wild type), exploring interactions between cyanobacterial strains and interactions with other bacteria, and characterizing ecological niches of cyanobacteria.
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11
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Hu C, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. Long-term adaptation of Arabidopsis thaliana to far-red light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3002-3014. [PMID: 33599977 PMCID: PMC8453498 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular plants use carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b to harvest solar energy in the visible region (400-700 nm), but they make little use of the far-red (FR) light. Instead, some cyanobacteria have developed the ability to use FR light by redesigning their photosynthetic apparatus and synthesizing red-shifted chlorophylls. Implementing this strategy in plants is considered promising to increase crop yield. To prepare for this, a characterization of the FR light-induced changes in plants is necessary. Here, we explore the behaviour of Arabidopsis thaliana upon exposure to FR light by following the changes in morphology, physiology and composition of the photosynthetic complexes. We found that after FR-light treatment, the ratio between the photosystems and their antenna size drastically readjust in an attempt to rebalance the energy input to support electron transfer. Despite a large increase in PSBS accumulation, these adjustments result in strong photoinhibition when FR-adapted plants are exposed to light again. Crucially, FR light-induced changes in the photosynthetic membrane are not the result of senescence, but are a response to the excitation imbalance between the photosystems. This indicates that an increase in the FR absorption by the photosystems should be sufficient for boosting photosynthetic activity in FR light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of ScienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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12
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Zhang Z, Han Q, Liu S, Wang Z, Hu M, Domnic SMW, Lau R, Xing B. Recomposition and storage of sunlight with intelligent phosphors for enhanced photosynthesis. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11025-11029. [PMID: 34370806 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a smart solar energy regulation strategy using photon tunable long persistent phosphors as solar energy harvesting antennas to enhance overall sunlight utilization by photosynthetic organisms in multiple modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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13
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Chen Y, Xu H, He T, Gao R, Guo G, Lu R, Chen Z, Liu C. Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Transcriptome Between Diploid and Tetraploid Barley Derived From Microspore Culture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626916. [PMID: 33747007 PMCID: PMC7970760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids play an important role in the breeding of plant for superior characteristics, and many reports have focused on the effects upon photosynthesis from polyploidization in some plant species recently, yet surprisingly little of this is known for barley. In this study, homozygous diploid and tetraploid plants, derived from microspore culturing of the barley cultivar "H30," were used to assess differences between them in their cellular, photosynthetic, and transcriptomic characteristics. Our results showed that tetraploid barley has the distinct characteristics of polyploids, namely thicker and heavier leaves, enlarged stomata size or stomatal guard cell size, and more photosynthetic pigments and improved photosynthesis (especially under high light intensity). This enhanced photosynthesis of tetraploid barley was confirmed by several photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point (LSP), maximum RuBP saturated rate carboxylation (Vcmax), and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that just ~2.3% of all detected genes exhibited differential expression patterns [i.e., differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], and that most of these - 580 of 793 DEGs in total - were upregulated in the tetraploid barley. The follow-up KEGG analysis indicated that the most enriched pathway was related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, while the downregulation of DEGs was related mainly to the light-harvesting cholorophyII a/b-binding protein (Lhcb1) component, both validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Taken together, our integrated analysis of morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and transcriptome provides evidences for understanding of how polyploidization enhances the photosynthetic capacity in tetraploids of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting He
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhong Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiju Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
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14
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Slattery RA, Ort DR. Perspectives on improving light distribution and light use efficiency in crop canopies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:34-48. [PMID: 33631812 PMCID: PMC8133579 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant stands in nature differ markedly from most seen in modern agriculture. In a dense mixed stand, plants must vie for resources, including light, for greater survival and fitness. Competitive advantages over surrounding plants improve fitness of the individual, thus maintaining the competitive traits in the gene pool. In contrast, monoculture crop production strives to increase output at the stand level and thus benefits from cooperation to increase yield of the community. In choosing plants with higher yields to propagate and grow for food, humans may have inadvertently selected the best competitors rather than the best cooperators. Here, we discuss how this selection for competitiveness has led to overinvestment in characteristics that increase light interception and, consequently, sub-optimal light use efficiency in crop fields that constrains yield improvement. Decades of crop canopy modeling research have provided potential strategies for improving light distribution in crop canopies, and we review the current progress of these strategies, including balancing light distribution through reducing pigment concentration. Based on recent research revealing red-shifted photosynthetic pigments in algae and photosynthetic bacteria, we also discuss potential strategies for optimizing light interception and use through introducing alternative pigment types in crops. These strategies for improving light distribution and expanding the wavelengths of light beyond those traditionally defined for photosynthesis in plant canopies may have large implications for improving crop yield and closing the yield gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology & Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- Author for communication:
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15
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Jackson HO, Taunt HN, Mordaka PM, Smith AG, Purton S. The Algal Chloroplast as a Testbed for Synthetic Biology Designs Aimed at Radically Rewiring Plant Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708370. [PMID: 34630459 PMCID: PMC8497815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and economically viable support for an ever-increasing global population requires a paradigm shift in agricultural productivity, including the application of biotechnology to generate future crop plants. Current genetic engineering approaches aimed at enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency or composition of the harvested tissues involve relatively simple manipulations of endogenous metabolism. However, radical rewiring of central metabolism using new-to-nature pathways, so-called "synthetic metabolism", may be needed to really bring about significant step changes. In many cases, this will require re-programming the metabolism of the chloroplast, or other plastids in non-green tissues, through a combination of chloroplast and nuclear engineering. However, current technologies for sophisticated chloroplast engineering ("transplastomics") of plants are limited to just a handful of species. Moreover, the testing of metabolic rewiring in the chloroplast of plant models is often impractical given their obligate phototrophy, the extended time needed to create stable non-chimeric transplastomic lines, and the technical challenges associated with regeneration of whole plants. In contrast, the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a facultative heterotroph that allows for extensive modification of chloroplast function, including non-photosynthetic designs. Moreover, chloroplast engineering in C. reinhardtii is facile, with the ability to generate novel lines in a matter of weeks, and a well-defined molecular toolbox allows for rapid iterations of the "Design-Build-Test-Learn" (DBTL) cycle of modern synthetic biology approaches. The recent development of combinatorial DNA assembly pipelines for designing and building transgene clusters, simple methods for marker-free delivery of these clusters into the chloroplast genome, and the pre-existing wealth of knowledge regarding chloroplast gene expression and regulation in C. reinhardtii further adds to the versatility of transplastomics using this organism. Herein, we review the inherent advantages of the algal chloroplast as a simple and tractable testbed for metabolic engineering designs, which could then be implemented in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry O. Jackson
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry N. Taunt
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel M. Mordaka
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saul Purton
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Saul Purton
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16
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Zhen S, Bugbee B. Steady-state stomatal responses of C 3 and C 4 species to blue light fraction: Interactions with CO 2 concentration. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1259-1272. [PMID: 32929764 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Blue light induced stomatal opening has been studied by applying a short pulse (~5 to 60 s) of blue light to a background of saturating photosynthetic red photons, but little is known about steady-state stomatal responses. Here we report stomatal responses to blue light at high and low CO2 concentrations. Steady-state stomatal conductance (gs ) of C3 plants increased asymptotically with increasing blue light to a maximum at 20% blue (120 μmol m-2 s-1 ). This response was consistent from 200 to 800 μmol mol-1 atmospheric CO2 (Ca ). In contrast, blue light induced only a transient stomatal opening (~5 min) in C4 species above a Ca of 400 μmol mol-1 . Steady-state gs of C4 plants generally decreased with increasing blue intensity. The net photosynthetic rate of all species decreased above 20% blue because blue photons have lower quantum yield (moles carbon fixed per mole photons absorbed) than red photons. Our findings indicate that photosynthesis, rather than a blue light signal, plays a dominant role in stomatal regulation in C4 species. Additionally, we found that blue light affected only stomata on the illuminated side of the leaf. Contrary to widely held belief, the blue light-induced stomatal opening minimally enhanced photosynthesis and consistently decreased water use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Zhen
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Bruce Bugbee
- Crop Physiology Laboratory, Department of Plants Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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17
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Montepietra D, Bellingeri M, Ross AM, Scotognella F, Cassi D. Modelling photosystem I as a complex interacting network. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200813. [PMID: 33171073 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we model the excitation energy transfer (EET) of photosystem I (PSI) of the common pea plant Pisum sativum as a complex interacting network. The magnitude of the link energy transfer between nodes/chromophores is computed by Forster resonant energy transfer (FRET) using the pairwise physical distances between chromophores from the PDB 5L8R (Protein Data Bank). We measure the global PSI network EET efficiency adopting well-known network theory indicators: the network efficiency (Eff) and the largest connected component (LCC). We also account the number of connected nodes/chromophores to P700 (CN), a new ad hoc measure we introduce here to indicate how many nodes in the network can actually transfer energy to the P700 reaction centre. We find that when progressively removing the weak links of lower EET, the Eff decreases, while the EET paths integrity (LCC and CN) is still preserved. This finding would show that the PSI is a resilient system owning a large window of functioning feasibility and it is completely impaired only when removing most of the network links. From the study of different types of chromophore, we propose different primary functions within the PSI system: chlorophyll a (CLA) molecules are the central nodes in the EET process, while other chromophore types have different primary functions. Furthermore, we perform nodes removal simulations to understand how the nodes/chromophores malfunctioning may affect PSI functioning. We discover that the removal of the CLA triggers the fastest decrease in the Eff, confirming that CAL is the main contributors to the high EET efficiency. Our outcomes open new perspectives of research, such comparing the PSI energy transfer efficiency of different natural and agricultural plant species and investigating the light-harvesting mechanisms of artificial photosynthesis both in plant agriculture and in the field of solar energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Montepietra
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi, 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy.,CNR NANO S3, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - M Bellingeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, via G.P. Usberti, 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A M Ross
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Scotognella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Cassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, via G.P. Usberti, 7/a, 43124 Parma, Italy
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18
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Harvesting far-red light: Functional integration of chlorophyll f into Photosystem I complexes of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1861:148206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Negi S, Perrine Z, Friedland N, Kumar A, Tokutsu R, Minagawa J, Berg H, Barry AN, Govindjee G, Sayre R. Light regulation of light-harvesting antenna size substantially enhances photosynthetic efficiency and biomass yield in green algae †. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:584-603. [PMID: 32180283 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One of the major factors limiting biomass productivity in algae is the low thermodynamic efficiency of photosynthesis. The greatest thermodynamic inefficiencies in photosynthesis occur during the conversion of light into chemical energy. At full sunlight the light-harvesting antenna captures photons at a rate nearly 10 times faster than the rate-limiting step in photosynthetic electron transport. Excess captured energy is dissipated by non-productive pathways including the production of reactive oxygen species. Substantial improvements in photosynthetic efficiency have been achieved by reducing the optical cross-section of the light-harvesting antenna by selectively reducing chlorophyll b levels and peripheral light-harvesting complex subunits. Smaller light-harvesting antenna, however, may not exhibit optimal photosynthetic performance in low or fluctuating light environments. We describe a translational control system to dynamically adjust light-harvesting antenna sizes for enhanced photosynthetic performance. By expressing a chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) gene having a 5' mRNA extension encoding a Nab1 translational repressor binding site in a CAO knockout line it was possible to continuously alter chlorophyll b levels and correspondingly light-harvesting antenna sizes by light-activated Nab1 repression of CAO expression as a function of growth light intensity. Significantly, algae having light-regulated antenna sizes had substantially higher photosynthetic rates and two-fold greater biomass productivity than the parental wild-type strains as well as near wild-type ability to carry out state transitions and non-photochemical quenching. These results have broad implications for enhanced algae and plant biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Negi
- New Mexico Consortium and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Zoee Perrine
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | | | - Anil Kumar
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Ryutaro Tokutsu
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- CREST (Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Howard Berg
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Amanda N Barry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, Center of Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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20
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Rotasperti L, Sansoni F, Mizzotti C, Tadini L, Pesaresi P. Barley's Second Spring as A Model Organism for Chloroplast Research. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070803. [PMID: 32604986 PMCID: PMC7411767 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been widely used as a model crop for studying molecular and physiological processes such as chloroplast development and photosynthesis. During the second half of the 20th century, mutants such as albostrians led to the discovery of the nuclear-encoded, plastid-localized RNA polymerase and the retrograde (chloroplast-to-nucleus) signalling communication pathway, while chlorina-f2 and xantha mutants helped to shed light on the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway, on the light-harvesting proteins and on the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, during the last 30 years, a large fraction of chloroplast research has switched to the more “user-friendly” model species Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species whose genome was sequenced and published at the end of 2000. Despite its many advantages, Arabidopsis has some important limitations compared to barley, including the lack of a real canopy and the absence of the proplastid-to-chloroplast developmental gradient across the leaf blade. These features, together with the availability of large collections of natural genetic diversity and mutant populations for barley, a complete genome assembly and protocols for genetic transformation and gene editing, have relaunched barley as an ideal model species for chloroplast research. In this review, we provide an update on the genomics tools now available for barley, and review the biotechnological strategies reported to increase photosynthesis efficiency in model species, which deserve to be validated in barley.
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21
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Possibility of Increasing the Growth and Photosynthetic Properties of Precocious Walnut by Grafting. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth characteristics after grafting are mainly dependent on photosynthesis performance, which may be influenced by grafting combinations with different rootstocks and scions. In this study, we used one-year-old walnut grafts to investigate the grafting compatibility between precocious (‘Liaoning 1’, L) and hybrid (‘Zhong Ning Sheng’, Z) walnut, as well as rootstock and scion impact on the growth and photosynthetic properties of walnut trees. The results showed that grafting compatibility between the two varieties is high, with survival rates upward of 86%. Overwintering survival of grafted seedlings was as high as 100%, which indicated that the allopolyploid had good resistance to low-temperature stress. The homograft of the hybrid walnut had the highest net photosynthesis rate (18.77 μmol·m−2s−1, Z/Z) and growth characteristics, which could be due to its higher transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, whereas the homograft of precocious walnut presented the lowest net photosynthesis rate (15.08 μmol·m−2s−1, L/L) and growth characteristics. Significant improvements in the net photosynthesis rate (15.97 and 15.24 μmol·m−2s−1 for L/Z and Z/L, respectively) and growth characteristics of precocious walnut were noticed during grafting of the hybrid walnut, which could have been contributed by their transpiration rate. The results of this study serve as a guide for the selection and breeding of good rootstock to improve plant growth characteristics and photosynthetic efficiency. We conclude that good rootstock selection improves plant growth potential and could play an important role in sustainable production.
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22
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Zhu XG, Ort DR, Parry MAJ, von Caemmerer S. A wish list for synthetic biology in photosynthesis research. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2219-2225. [PMID: 32060550 PMCID: PMC7134917 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This perspective summarizes the presentations and discussions at the ' International Symposium on Synthetic Biology in Photosynthesis Research', which was held in Shanghai in 2018. Leveraging the current advanced understanding of photosynthetic systems, the symposium brain-stormed about the redesign and engineering of photosynthetic systems for translational goals and evaluated available new technologies/tools for synthetic biology as well as technological obstacles and new tools that would be needed to overcome them. Four major research areas for redesigning photosynthesis were identified: (i) mining natural variations of photosynthesis; (ii) coordinating photosynthesis with pathways utilizing photosynthate; (iii) reconstruction of highly efficient photosynthetic systems in non-host species; and (iv) development of new photosynthetic systems that do not exist in nature. To expedite photosynthesis synthetic biology research, an array of new technologies and community resources need to be developed, which include expanded modelling capacities, molecular engineering toolboxes, model species, and phenotyping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donald R Ort
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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23
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Trinugroho JP, Bečková M, Shao S, Yu J, Zhao Z, Murray JW, Sobotka R, Komenda J, Nixon PJ. Chlorophyll f synthesis by a super-rogue photosystem II complex. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:238-244. [PMID: 32170286 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain cyanobacteria synthesize chlorophyll molecules (Chl d and Chl f) that absorb in the far-red region of the solar spectrum, thereby extending the spectral range of photosynthetically active radiation1,2. The synthesis and introduction of these far-red chlorophylls into the photosynthetic apparatus of plants might improve the efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis, especially in far-red enriched environments, such as in the lower regions of the canopy3. Production of Chl f requires the ChlF subunit, also known as PsbA4 (ref. 4) or super-rogue D1 (ref. 5), a paralogue of the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) which, together with D2, bind cofactors involved in the light-driven oxidation of water. Current ideas suggest that ChlF oxidizes Chl a to Chl f in a homodimeric ChlF reaction centre (RC) complex and represents a missing link in the evolution of the heterodimeric D1/D2 RC of PSII (refs. 4,6). However, unambiguous biochemical support for this proposal is lacking. Here, we show that ChlF can substitute for D1 to form modified PSII complexes capable of producing Chl f. Remarkably, mutation of just two residues in D1 converts oxygen-evolving PSII into a Chl f synthase. Overall, we have identified a new class of PSII complex, which we term 'super-rogue' PSII, with an unexpected role in pigment biosynthesis rather than water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko P Trinugroho
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Martina Bečková
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
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24
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Wolf BM, Blankenship RE. Far-red light acclimation in diverse oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:349-359. [PMID: 31222688 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis has historically been considered limited to be driven by the wavelengths of visible light. However, in the last few decades, various adaptations have been discovered that allow algae, cyanobacteria, and even plants to utilize longer wavelength light in the far-red spectral range. These adaptations provide distinct advantages to the species possessing them, allowing the effective utilization of shade light under highly filtered light environments. In prokaryotes, these adaptations include the production of far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f and the remodeling of phycobilisome antennas and reaction centers. Eukaryotes express specialized light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes that use interactions between pigments and their protein environment to spectrally tune the absorption of chlorophyll a. If these adaptations could be applied to crop plants, a potentially significant increase in photon utilization in lower shaded leaves could be realized, improving crop yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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25
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Litvín R, Bína D, Herbstová M, Pazderník M, Kotabová E, Gardian Z, Trtílek M, Prášil O, Vácha F. Red-shifted light-harvesting system of freshwater eukaryotic alga Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyta, Stramenopila). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:137-151. [PMID: 31375979 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Survival of phototrophic organisms depends on their ability to collect and convert enough light energy to support their metabolism. Phototrophs can extend their absorption cross section by using diverse pigments and by tuning the properties of these pigments via pigment-pigment and pigment-protein interaction. It is well known that some cyanobacteria can grow in heavily shaded habitats by utilizing far-red light harvested with far-red-absorbing chlorophylls d and f. We describe a red-shifted light-harvesting system based on chlorophyll a from a freshwater eustigmatophyte alga Trachydiscus minutus (Eustigmatophyceae, Goniochloridales). A comprehensive characterization of the photosynthetic apparatus of T. minutus is presented. We show that thylakoid membranes of T. minutus contain light-harvesting complexes of several sizes differing in the relative amount of far-red chlorophyll a forms absorbing around 700 nm. The pigment arrangement of the major red-shifted light-harvesting complex is similar to that of the red-shifted antenna of a marine alveolate alga Chromera velia. Evolutionary aspects of the algal far-red light-harvesting complexes are discussed. The presence of these antennas in eustigmatophyte algae opens up new ways to modify organisms of this promising group for effective use of far-red light in mass cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Litvín
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - David Bína
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Herbstová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pazderník
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kotabová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Gardian
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Trtílek
- PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o. Drásov 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Prášil
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, 379 81, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - František Vácha
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Luimstra VM, Schuurmans JM, de Carvalho CFM, Matthijs HCP, Hellingwerf KJ, Huisman J. Exploring the low photosynthetic efficiency of cyanobacteria in blue light using a mutant lacking phycobilisomes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:291-301. [PMID: 30820745 PMCID: PMC6718569 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous chlorophyll a (Chl a) pigment absorbs both blue and red light. Yet, in contrast to green algae and higher plants, most cyanobacteria have much lower photosynthetic rates in blue than in red light. A plausible but not yet well-supported hypothesis is that blue light results in limited energy transfer to photosystem II (PSII), because cyanobacteria invest most Chl a in photosystem I (PSI), whereas their phycobilisomes (PBS) are mostly associated with PSII but do not absorb blue photons. In this paper, we compare the photosynthetic performance in blue and orange-red light of wildtype Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and a PBS-deficient mutant. Our results show that the wildtype had much lower biomass, Chl a content, PSI:PSII ratio and O2 production rate per PSII in blue light than in orange-red light, whereas the PBS-deficient mutant had a low biomass, Chl a content, PSI:PSII ratio, and O2 production rate per PSII in both light colors. More specifically, the wildtype displayed a similar low photosynthetic efficiency in blue light as the PBS-deficient mutant in both light colors. Our results demonstrate that the absorption of light energy by PBS and subsequent transfer to PSII are crucial for efficient photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, which may explain both the low photosynthetic efficiency of PBS-containing cyanobacteria and the evolutionary success of chlorophyll-based light-harvesting antennae in environments dominated by blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle M Luimstra
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - J Merijn Schuurmans
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina F M de Carvalho
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C P Matthijs
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas J Hellingwerf
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kurashov V, Ho MY, Shen G, Piedl K, Laremore TN, Bryant DA, Golbeck JH. Energy transfer from chlorophyll f to the trapping center in naturally occurring and engineered Photosystem I complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:151-163. [PMID: 30710189 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Certain cyanobacteria can thrive in environments enriched in far-red light (700-800 nm) due to an acclimation process known as far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP). During FaRLiP, about 8% of the Chl a molecules in the photosystems are replaced by Chl f and a very small amount of Chl d. We investigated the spectroscopic properties of Photosystem I (PSI) complexes isolated from wild-type (WT) Synechococcus sp. PCC 7335 and a chlF mutant strain (lacking Chl f synthase) grown in white and far-red light (WL-PSI and FRL-PSI, respectively). WT-FRL-PSI complexes contain Chl f and Chl a but not Chl d. The light-minus dark difference spectrum of the trapping center at high spectral resolution indicates that the special pair in WT-FRL-PSI consists of Chl a molecules with maximum bleaching at 703-704 nm. The action spectrum for photobleaching of the special pair showed that Chl f molecules absorbing at wavelengths up to 800 nm efficiently transfer energy to the trapping center in FRL-PSI complexes to produce a charge-separated state. This is ~ 50 nm further into the near IR than WL-PSI; Chl f has a quantum yield equivalent to that of Chl a in the antenna, i.e., ~ 1.0. PSI complexes from Synechococcus 7002 carrying 3.8 Chl f molecules could promote photobleaching of the special pair by energy transfer at wavelengths longer than WT PSI complexes. Results from these latter studies are directly relevant to the issue of whether introduction of Chl f synthase into plants could expand the wavelength range available for oxygenic photosynthesis in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Kurashov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Karla Piedl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Tatiana N Laremore
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, The Huck Institutes for the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - John H Golbeck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- 328 South Frear Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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28
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Cho K, Cho DH, Heo J, Kim U, Lee YJ, Choi DY, Kim HS. Nitrogen modulation under chemostat cultivation mode induces biomass and lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris and reduces antenna pigment accumulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:118-125. [PMID: 30811998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal growth limitation in large-scale cultivation mostly results from high level synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, owing to self-shading effects and attenuation of light distribution. To overcome this problem, here we investigated the influence of nitrogen modulation on changes in antenna pigments as well as biomass and lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris under a chemostat continuous cultivation mode. The production of algal antenna pigments, including chlorophylls and carotenoids, was promoted in a total nitrogen (TN) concentration-dependent manner. Maximum algal biomass and lipid production were obtained from 70 mg/L of TN concentration along with a significant increase in light transmittance and reduction in antenna pigments. Furthermore, the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids remarkably augmented at low TN concentrations. These results suggest that the reduction in algal antenna pigment synthesis via modulation of nitrogen concentration may serve as an effective strategy to enhance algal biomass and lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Heo
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Urim Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yun Choi
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Ho MY, Bryant DA. Global Transcriptional Profiling of the Cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 9212 in Far-Red Light: Insights Into the Regulation of Chlorophyll d Synthesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:465. [PMID: 30918500 PMCID: PMC6424891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Some terrestrial cyanobacteria can acclimate to and then utilize far-red light (FRL; λ = 700–800 nm) to perform oxygenic photosynthesis through a process called Far-Red Light Photoacclimation (FaRLiP). During FaRLiP, cells synthesize chlorophylls (Chl) d and Chl f and extensively remodel their photosynthetic apparatus by modifying core subunits of photosystem (PS)I, PSII, and the phycobilisome (PBS). Three regulatory proteins, RfpA, RfpB, and RfpC, are encoded in the FaRLiP gene cluster; they sense FRL and control the synthesis of Chl f and expression of the FaRLiP gene cluster. It was previously uncertain if Chl d synthesis and other physiological and metabolic changes to FRL are regulated by RfpABC. In this study we show that Chl d synthesis is regulated by RfpABC; however, most other transcriptional changes leading to the FRL physiological state are not regulated by RfpABC. Surprisingly, we show that erythromycin induces Chl d synthesis in vivo. Transcriptomic and pigment analyses indicate that thiol compounds and/or cysteine proteases could be involved in Chl d synthesis in FRL. We conclude that the protein(s) responsible for Chl d synthesis is/are probably encoded within the FaRLiP gene cluster. Transcriptional responses to FRL help cells to conserve and produce energy and reducing power to overcome implicit light limitation of photosynthesis during the initial acclimation process to FRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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Chen M, Hernandez-Prieto MA, Loughlin PC, Li Y, Willows RD. Genome and proteome of the chlorophyll f-producing cyanobacterium Halomicronema hongdechloris: adaptative proteomic shifts under different light conditions. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:207. [PMID: 30866821 PMCID: PMC6416890 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halomicronema hongdechloris was the first cyanobacterium to be identified that produces chlorophyll (Chl) f. It contains Chl a and uses phycobiliproteins as its major light-harvesting components under white light conditions. However, under far-red light conditions H. hongdechloris produces Chl f and red-shifted phycobiliprotein complexes to absorb and use far-red light. In this study, we report the genomic sequence of H. hongdechloris and use quantitative proteomic approaches to confirm the deduced metabolic pathways as well as metabolic and photosynthetic changes in response to different photo-autotrophic conditions. Results The whole genome of H. hongdechloris was sequenced using three different technologies and assembled into a single circular scaffold with a genome size of 5,577,845 bp. The assembled genome has 54.6% GC content and encodes 5273 proteins covering 83.5% of the DNA sequence. Using Tandem Mass Tag labelling, the total proteome of H. hongdechloris grown under different light conditions was analyzed. A total of 1816 proteins were identified, with photosynthetic proteins accounting for 24% of the total mass spectral readings, of which 35% are phycobiliproteins. The proteomic data showed that essential cellular metabolic reactions remain unchanged under shifted light conditions. The largest differences in protein content between white and far-red light conditions reflect the changes to photosynthetic complexes, shifting from a standard phycobilisome and Chl a-based light harvesting system under white light, to modified, red-shifted phycobilisomes and Chl f-containing photosystems under far-red light conditions. Conclusion We demonstrate that essential cellular metabolic reactions under different light conditions remain constant, including most of the enzymes in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic carbon fixation. The changed light conditions cause significant changes in the make-up of photosynthetic protein complexes to improve photosynthetic light capture and reaction efficiencies. The integration of the global proteome with the genome sequence highlights that cyanobacterial adaptation strategies are focused on optimizing light capture and utilization, with minimal changes in other metabolic pathways. Our quantitative proteomic approach has enabled a deeper understanding of both the stability and the flexibility of cellular metabolic networks of H. hongdechloris in response to changes in its environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5587-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Patrick C Loughlin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yaqiong Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Robert D Willows
- Department of Molecular Sciences Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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Éva C, Oszvald M, Tamás L. Current and possible approaches for improving photosynthetic efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:433-440. [PMID: 30824023 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important tasks laying ahead today's biotechnology is to improve crop productivity with the aim of meeting increased food and energy demands of humankind. Plant productivity depends on many genetic factors, including life cycle, harvest index, stress tolerance and photosynthetic activity. Many approaches were already tested or suggested to improve either. Limitations of photosynthesis have also been uncovered and efforts been taken to increase its efficiency. Examples include decreasing photosynthetic antennae size, increasing the photosynthetically available light spectrum, countering oxygenase activity of Rubisco by implementing C4 photosynthesis to C3 plants and altering source to sink transport of metabolites. A natural and effective photosynthetic adaptation, the sugar alcohol metabolism got however remarkably little attention in the last years, despite being comparably efficient as C4, and can be considered easier to introduce to new species. We also propose root to shoot carbon-dioxide transport as a means to improve photosynthetic performance and drought tolerance at the same time. Different suggestions and successful examples are covered here for improving plant photosynthesis as well as novel perspectives are presented for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Éva
- Applied Genomics Department, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary.
| | - Mária Oszvald
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - László Tamás
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
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32
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Energy transfer dynamics in a red-shifted violaxanthin-chlorophyll a light-harvesting complex. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Bar-Even A. Daring metabolic designs for enhanced plant carbon fixation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:71-83. [PMID: 29907311 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing agricultural productivity is one of the major challenges our society faces. While multiple strategies to enhance plant carbon fixation have been suggested, and partially implemented, most of them are restricted to relatively simple modifications of endogenous metabolism, i.e., "low hanging fruit". Here, I portray the next generation of metabolic solutions to increase carbon fixation rate and yield. These strategies involve major rewiring of central metabolism, including dividing Rubisco's catalysis between several enzymes, replacing Rubisco with a different carboxylation reaction, substituting the Calvin Cycle with alternative carbon fixation pathways, and engineering photorespiration bypass routes that do not release carbon. While the barriers for implementing these elaborated metabolic architectures are quite significant, if we truly want to revolutionize carbon fixation, only daring engineering efforts will lead the way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arren Bar-Even
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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34
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35
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Wolf BM, Niedzwiedzki DM, Magdaong NCM, Roth R, Goodenough U, Blankenship RE. Characterization of a newly isolated freshwater Eustigmatophyte alga capable of utilizing far-red light as its sole light source. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 135:177-189. [PMID: 28547584 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic phototrophs typically utilize visible light (400-700 nm) to drive photosynthesis. However, a large fraction of the energy in sunlight is contained in the far-red region, which encompasses light beyond 700 nm. In nature, certain niche environments contain high levels of this far-red light due to filtering by other phototrophs, and in these environments, organisms with photosynthetic antenna systems adapted to absorbing far-red light are able to thrive. We used selective far-red light conditions to isolate such organisms in environmental samples. One cultured organism, the Eustigmatophyte alga Forest Park Isolate 5 (FP5), is able to absorb far-red light using a chlorophyll (Chl) a-containing antenna complex, and is able to grow under solely far-red light. Here we characterize the antenna system from this organism, which is able to shift the absorption of Chl a to >705 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Wolf
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nikki Cecil M Magdaong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robyn Roth
- Washington University Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ursula Goodenough
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, USA.
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36
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20-Substitution effect on self-aggregation of synthetic zinc bacteriochlorophyll-d analogs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Zharmukhamedov SK, Voloshin RA, Korol'kova DV, Tomo T, Shen JR. Chlorophylls d and f and Their Role in Primary Photosynthetic Processes of Cyanobacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:201-12. [PMID: 27262189 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The finding of unique Chl d- and Chl f-containing cyanobacteria in the last decade was a discovery in the area of biology of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms. Chl b, Chl c, and Chl f are considered to be accessory pigments found in antennae systems of photosynthetic organisms. They absorb energy and transfer it to the photosynthetic reaction center (RC), but do not participate in electron transport by the photosynthetic electron transport chain. However, Chl d as well as Chl a can operate not only in the light-harvesting complex, but also in the photosynthetic RC. The long-wavelength (Qy) Chl d and Chl f absorption band is shifted to longer wavelength (to 750 nm) compared to Chl a, which suggests the possibility for oxygenic photosynthesis in this spectral range. Such expansion of the photosynthetically active light range is important for the survival of cyanobacteria when the intensity of light not exceeding 700 nm is attenuated due to absorption by Chl a and other pigments. At the same time, energy storage efficiency in photosystem 2 for cyanobacteria containing Chl d and Chl f is not lower than that of cyanobacteria containing Chl a. Despite great interest in these unique chlorophylls, many questions related to functioning of such pigments in primary photosynthetic processes are still not elucidated. This review describes the latest advances in the field of Chl d and Chl f research and their role in primary photosynthetic processes of cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Allakhverdiev
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Abstract
Photosynthesis is central to all life on earth, providing not only oxygen but also organic compounds that are synthesized from atmospheric CO 2 and water using light energy as the driving force. The still-increasing world population poses a serious challenge to further enhance biomass production of crop plants. Crop yield is determined by various parameters, inter alia by the light energy conversion efficiency of the photosynthetic machinery. Photosynthesis can be looked at from different perspectives: (i) light reactions and carbon assimilation, (ii) leaves and canopy structure, and (ii) source-sink relationships. In this review, we discuss opportunities and prospects to increase photosynthetic performance at the different layers, taking into account the recent progress made in the respective fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Cologne Biocenter, Botanical Institute II and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Department of Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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39
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Ooms MD, Dinh CT, Sargent EH, Sinton D. Photon management for augmented photosynthesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12699. [PMID: 27581187 PMCID: PMC5025804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae and cyanobacteria are some of nature's finest examples of solar energy conversion systems, effortlessly transforming inorganic carbon into complex molecules through photosynthesis. The efficiency of energy-dense hydrocarbon production by photosynthetic organisms is determined in part by the light collected by the microorganisms. Therefore, optical engineering has the potential to increase the productivity of algae cultivation systems used for industrial-scale biofuel synthesis. Herein, we explore and report emerging and promising material science and engineering innovations for augmenting microalgal photosynthesis. Photosynthetic microalgae could provide an ecologically sustainable route to produce solar biofuels and high-value chemicals. Here, the authors review various optical management strategies used to manipulate the incident light in order to increase the efficiency of microalgae biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Ooms
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G8
| | - Cao Thang Dinh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G4
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G4
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, 5 Kings College Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3G8
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40
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Introducing extra NADPH consumption ability significantly increases the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production of cyanobacteria. Metab Eng 2016; 38:217-227. [PMID: 27497972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing photosynthetic efficiency is crucial to increasing biomass production to meet the growing demands for food and energy. Previous theoretical arithmetic analysis suggests that the light reactions and dark reactions are imperfectly coupled due to shortage of ATP supply, or accumulation of NADPH. Here we hypothesized that solely increasing NADPH consumption might improve the coupling of light reactions and dark reactions, thereby increasing the photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production. To test this hypothesis, an NADPH consumption pathway was constructed in cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The resulting extra NADPH-consuming mutant grew much faster and achieved a higher biomass concentration. Analyses of photosynthesis characteristics showed the activities of photosystem II and photosystem I and the light saturation point of the NADPH-consuming mutant all significantly increased. Thus, we demonstrated that introducing extra NADPH consumption ability is a promising strategy to increase photosynthetic efficiency and to enable utilization of high-intensity lights.
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41
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Ho MY, Shen G, Canniffe DP, Zhao C, Bryant DA. Light-dependent chlorophyll f synthase is a highly divergent paralog of PsbA of photosystem II. Science 2016; 353:science.aaf9178. [PMID: 27386923 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf9178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll f (Chl f) permits some cyanobacteria to expand the spectral range for photosynthesis by absorbing far-red light. We used reverse genetics and heterologous expression to identify the enzyme for Chl f synthesis. Null mutants of "super-rogue" psbA4 genes, divergent paralogs of psbA genes encoding the D1 core subunit of photosystem II, abolished Chl f synthesis in two cyanobacteria that grow in far-red light. Heterologous expression of the psbA4 gene, which we rename chlF, enables Chl f biosynthesis in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Because the reaction requires light, Chl f synthase is probably a photo-oxidoreductase that employs catalytically useful Chl a molecules, tyrosine YZ, and plastoquinone (as does photosystem II) but lacks a Mn4Ca1O5 cluster. Introduction of Chl f biosynthesis into crop plants could expand their ability to use solar energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Daniel P Canniffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA. Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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42
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Oey M, Sawyer AL, Ross IL, Hankamer B. Challenges and opportunities for hydrogen production from microalgae. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1487-99. [PMID: 26801871 PMCID: PMC5066674 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The global population is predicted to increase from ~7.3 billion to over 9 billion people by 2050. Together with rising economic growth, this is forecast to result in a 50% increase in fuel demand, which will have to be met while reducing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions by 50-80% to maintain social, political, energy and climate security. This tension between rising fuel demand and the requirement for rapid global decarbonization highlights the need to fast-track the coordinated development and deployment of efficient cost-effective renewable technologies for the production of CO2 neutral energy. Currently, only 20% of global energy is provided as electricity, while 80% is provided as fuel. Hydrogen (H2 ) is the most advanced CO2 -free fuel and provides a 'common' energy currency as it can be produced via a range of renewable technologies, including photovoltaic (PV), wind, wave and biological systems such as microalgae, to power the next generation of H2 fuel cells. Microalgae production systems for carbon-based fuel (oil and ethanol) are now at the demonstration scale. This review focuses on evaluating the potential of microalgal technologies for the commercial production of solar-driven H2 from water. It summarizes key global technology drivers, the potential and theoretical limits of microalgal H2 production systems, emerging strategies to engineer next-generation systems and how these fit into an evolving H2 economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Oey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Ian Lawrence Ross
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Ben Hankamer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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43
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Loughlin PC, Duxbury Z, Mugerwa TTM, Smith PMC, Willows RD, Chen M. Spectral properties of bacteriophytochrome AM1_5894 in the chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27547. [PMID: 27282102 PMCID: PMC4901347 DOI: 10.1038/srep27547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acaryochloris marina, a unicellular oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium, has uniquely adapted to far-red light-enriched environments using red-shifted chlorophyll d. To understand red-light use in Acaryochloris, the genome of this cyanobacterium was searched for red/far-red light photoreceptors from the phytochrome family, resulting in identification of a putative bacteriophytochrome AM1_5894. AM1_5894 contains three standard domains of photosensory components as well as a putative C-terminal signal transduction component consisting of a histidine kinase and receiver domain. The photosensory domains of AM1_5894 autocatalytically assemble with biliverdin in a covalent fashion. This assembled AM1_5894 shows the typical photoreversible conversion of bacterial phytochromes with a ground-state red-light absorbing (Pr) form with λBV max[Pr] 705 nm, and a red-light inducible far-red light absorbing (Pfr) form with λBV max[Pfr] 758 nm. Surprisingly, AM1_5894 also autocatalytically assembles with phycocyanobilin, involving photoreversible conversion of λPCB max[Pr] 682 nm and λPCB max[Pfr] 734 nm, respectively. Our results suggest phycocyanobilin is also covalently bound to AM1_5894, while mutation of a cysteine residue (Cys11Ser) abolishes this covalent binding. The physiological function of AM1_5894 in cyanobacteria containing red-shifted chlorophylls is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Loughlin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Zane Duxbury
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Penelope M C Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Robert D Willows
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wondraczek L, Tyystjärvi E, Méndez-Ramos J, Müller FA, Zhang Q. Shifting the Sun: Solar Spectral Conversion and Extrinsic Sensitization in Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500218. [PMID: 27774377 PMCID: PMC5063168 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Solar energy harvesting is largely limited by the spectral sensitivity of the employed energy conversion system, where usually large parts of the solar spectrum do not contribute to the harvesting scheme, and where, of the contributing fraction, the full potential of each photon is not efficiently used in the generation of electrical or chemical energy. Extrinsic sensitization through photoluminescent spectral conversion has been proposed as a route to at least partially overcome this problem. Here, we discuss this approach in the emerging context of photochemical energy harvesting and storage through natural or artificial photosynthesis. Clearly contrary to application in photovoltaic energy conversion, implementation of solar spectral conversion for extrinsic sensitization of a photosynthetic machinery is very straightforward, and-when compared to intrinsic sensitization-less-strict limitations with regard to quantum coherence are seen. We now argue the ways in which extrinsic sensitization through photoluminescent spectral converters will-and will not-play its role in the area of ultra-efficient photosynthesis, and also illustrate how such extrinsic sensitization requires dedicated selection of specific conversion schemes and design strategies on system scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Wondraczek
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research University of Jena Jena 07743 Germany; Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC)University of Jena Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Esa Tyystjärvi
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry University of Turku 20014 Turku Finland
| | - Jorge Méndez-Ramos
- Department of Physics University La Laguna 38206 La Laguna Tenerife Spain
| | - Frank A Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research University of Jena Jena 07743 Germany; Centre for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC)University of Jena Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Optical Communication Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P.R. China
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Lambreva MD, Lavecchia T, Tyystjärvi E, Antal TK, Orlanducci S, Margonelli A, Rea G. Potential of carbon nanotubes in algal biotechnology. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:451-71. [PMID: 26113435 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A critical mass of knowledge is emerging on the interactions between plant cells and engineered nanomaterials, revealing the potential of plant nanobiotechnology to promote and support novel solutions for the development of a competitive bioeconomy. This knowledge can foster the adoption of new methodological strategies to empower the large-scale production of biomass from commercially important microalgae. The present review focuses on the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance photosynthetic performance of microalgae by (i) widening the spectral region available for the energy conversion reactions and (ii) increasing the tolerance of microalgae towards unfavourable conditions occurring in mass production. To this end, current understanding on the mechanisms of uptake and localization of CNTs in plant cells is discussed. The available ecotoxicological data were used in an attempt to assess the feasibility of CNT-based applications in algal biotechnology, by critically correlating the experimental conditions with the observed adverse effects. Furthermore, main structural and physicochemical properties of single- and multi-walled CNTs and common approaches for the functionalization and characterization of CNTs in biological environment are presented. Here, we explore the potential that nanotechnology can offer to enhance functions of algae, paving the way for a more efficient use of photosynthetic algal systems in the sustainable production of energy, biomass and high-value compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dimova Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council of Italy, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo Scalo, RM, Italy,
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Abstract
A high-resolution structure provides insight into solar energy conversion during photosynthesis
[Also see Research Article by
Qin
et al.
]
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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47
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Long SP, Marshall-Colon A, Zhu XG. Meeting the global food demand of the future by engineering crop photosynthesis and yield potential. Cell 2015; 161:56-66. [PMID: 25815985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Increase in demand for our primary foodstuffs is outstripping increase in yields, an expanding gap that indicates large potential food shortages by mid-century. This comes at a time when yield improvements are slowing or stagnating as the approaches of the Green Revolution reach their biological limits. Photosynthesis, which has been improved little in crops and falls far short of its biological limit, emerges as the key remaining route to increase the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Thus, there is a timely need to accelerate our understanding of the photosynthetic process in crops to allow informed and guided improvements via in-silico-assisted genetic engineering. Potential and emerging approaches to improving crop photosynthetic efficiency are discussed, and the new tools needed to realize these changes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Amy Marshall-Colon
- Department of Plant Biology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, PRC; State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PRC
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48
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Seth JR, Wangikar PP. Challenges and opportunities for microalgae-mediated CO2 capture and biorefinery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1281-96. [PMID: 25899427 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aquacultures of microalgae are frontrunners for photosynthetic capture of CO2 from flue gases. Expedient implementation mandates coupling of microalgal CO2 capture with synthesis of fuels and organic products, so as to derive value from biomass. An integrated biorefinery complex houses a biomass growth and harvesting area and a refining zone for conversion to product(s) and separation to desired purity levels. As growth and downstream options require energy and incur loss of carbon, put together, the loop must be energy positive, carbon negative, or add substantial value. Feasibility studies can, thus, aid the choice from among the rapidly evolving technological options, many of which are still in the early phases of development. We summarize basic engineering calculations for the key steps of a biorefining loop where flue gases from a thermal power station are captured using microalgal biomass along with subsequent options for conversion to fuel or value added products. An assimilation of findings from recent laboratory and pilot-scale experiments and life cycle analysis (LCA) studies is presented as carbon and energy yields for growth and harvesting of microalgal biomass and downstream options. Of the biorefining options, conversion to the widely studied biofuel, ethanol, and manufacture of the platform chemical, succinic acid are presented. Both processes yield specific products and do not demand high-energy input but entail 60-70% carbon loss through fermentative respiration. Thermochemical conversions, on the other hand, have smaller carbon and energy losses but yield a mixture of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti R Seth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.,DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. .,DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India. .,Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Komatsu Y, Kayanuma M, Shoji M, Yabana K, Shiraishi K, Umemura M. Light absorption and excitation energy transfer calculations in primitive photosynthetic bacteria. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.998305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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50
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Singh J, Pandey P, James D, Chandrasekhar K, Achary VMM, Kaul T, Tripathy BC, Reddy MK. Enhancing C3 photosynthesis: an outlook on feasible interventions for crop improvement. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:1217-30. [PMID: 25196090 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the declarations and collective measures taken to eradicate hunger at World Food Summits, food security remains one of the biggest issues that we are faced with. The current scenario could worsen due to the alarming increase in world population, further compounded by adverse climatic conditions, such as increase in atmospheric temperature, unforeseen droughts and decreasing soil moisture, which will decrease crop yield even further. Furthermore, the projected increase in yields of C3 crops as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is much less than anticipated. Thus, there is an urgent need to increase crop productivity beyond existing yield potentials to address the challenge of food security. One of the domains of plant biology that promises hope in overcoming this problem is study of C3 photosynthesis. In this review, we have examined the potential bottlenecks of C3 photosynthesis and the strategies undertaken to overcome them. The targets considered for possible intervention include RuBisCO, RuBisCO activase, Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle enzymes, CO2 and carbohydrate transport, and light reactions among many others. In addition, other areas which promise scope for improvement of C3 photosynthesis, such as mining natural genetic variations, mathematical modelling for identifying new targets, installing efficient carbon fixation and carbon concentrating mechanisms have been touched upon. Briefly, this review intends to shed light on the recent advances in enhancing C3 photosynthesis for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India; School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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