1
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Weinstein JJ, Saikia C, Karbat I, Goldenzweig A, Reuveny E, Fleishman SJ. One-shot design elevates functional expression levels of a voltage-gated potassium channel. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4995. [PMID: 38747377 PMCID: PMC11094769 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play critical physiological roles as receptors, channels, pumps, and transporters. Despite their importance, however, low expression levels often hamper the experimental characterization of membrane proteins. We present an automated and web-accessible design algorithm called mPROSS (https://mPROSS.weizmann.ac.il), which uses phylogenetic analysis and an atomistic potential, including an empirical lipophilicity scale, to improve native-state energy. As a stringent test, we apply mPROSS to the Kv1.2-Kv2.1 paddle chimera voltage-gated potassium channel. Four designs, encoding 9-26 mutations relative to the parental channel, were functional and maintained potassium-selective permeation and voltage dependence in Xenopus oocytes with up to 14-fold increase in whole-cell current densities. Additionally, single-channel recordings reveal no significant change in the channel-opening probability nor in unitary conductance, indicating that functional expression levels increase without impacting the activity profile of individual channels. Our results suggest that the expression levels of other dynamic channels and receptors may be enhanced through one-shot design calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Jacob Weinstein
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Present address:
Scala Biodesign LtdTel AvivIsrael
| | - Chandamita Saikia
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Present address:
Institute for BiochemistryUniversity of LübeckLübeckGermany
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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2
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Abdul-Ridha A, de Zhang LA, Betrie AH, Deluigi M, Vaid TM, Whitehead A, Zhang Y, Davis B, Harris R, Simmonite H, Hubbard RE, Gooley PR, Plückthun A, Bathgate RA, Chalmers DK, Scott DJ. Identification of a Novel Subtype-Selective α 1B-Adrenoceptor Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:671-684. [PMID: 38238043 PMCID: PMC10854767 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
α1A-, α1B-, and α1D-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) are members of the adrenoceptor G protein-coupled receptor family that are activated by adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline. α1-ARs are clinically targeted using antagonists that have minimal subtype selectivity, such as prazosin and tamsulosin, to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia, respectively. Abundant expression of α1-ARs in the heart and central nervous system (CNS) makes these receptors potential targets for the treatment of cardiovascular and CNS disorders, such as heart failure, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Our understanding of the precise physiological roles of α1-ARs, however, and their involvement in disease has been hindered by the lack of sufficiently subtype-selective tool compounds, especially for α1B-AR. Here, we report the discovery of 4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one (Cpd1), as an α1B-AR antagonist that has 10-15-fold selectivity over α1A-AR and α1D-AR. Through computational and site-directed mutagenesis studies, we have identified the binding site of Cpd1 in α1B-AR and propose the molecular basis of α1B-AR selectivity, where the nonconserved V19745.52 residue plays a major role, with contributions from L3146.55 within the α1B-AR pocket. By exploring the structure-activity relationships of Cpd1 at α1B-AR, we have also identified 3-[(cyclohexylamino)methyl]-6-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (Cpd24), which has a stronger binding affinity than Cpd1, albeit with reduced selectivity for α1B-AR. Cpd1 and Cpd24 represent potential leads for α1B-AR-selective drug discovery and novel tool molecules to further study the physiology of α1-ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abdul-Ridha
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Lazarus A. de Zhang
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Mattia Deluigi
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tasneem M. Vaid
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21
Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alice Whitehead
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yifan Zhang
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Davis
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
| | - Richard Harris
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
| | | | - Roderick E. Hubbard
- Vernalis
(R&D) Ltd, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GB, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21
Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ross A.D. Bathgate
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David K. Chalmers
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- The
Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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Velloso JPL, Kovacs AS, Pires DEV, Ascher DB. AI-driven GPCR analysis, engineering, and targeting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 74:102427. [PMID: 38219398 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This article investigates the role of recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to revolutionise the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). AI has been applied to many areas of GPCR research, including the application of machine learning (ML) in GPCR classification, prediction of GPCR activation levels, modelling GPCR 3D structures and interactions, understanding G-protein selectivity, aiding elucidation of GPCRs structures, and drug design. Despite progress, challenges in predicting GPCR structures and addressing the complex nature of GPCRs remain, providing avenues for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P L Velloso
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron S Kovacs
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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4
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Ray DM, Flood JR, David Y. Harnessing Split-Inteins as a Tool for the Selective Modification of Surface Receptors in Live Cells. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200487. [PMID: 36178424 PMCID: PMC9977608 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical studies of integral membrane proteins are often hampered by low purification yields and technical limitations such as aggregation causing in vitro manipulations to be challenging. The ability of controlling proteins in live cells bypasses these limitations while broadening the scope of accessible questions owing to the proteins being in their native environment. Here we take advantage of the intein biorthogonality to mammalian systems, site specificity, fast kinetics, and auto-processing nature as an attractive option for modifying surface proteins. Using EGFR as a model, we demonstrate that the split-intein pair AvaN /NpuC can be used to efficiently and specifically modify target membrane proteins with a synthetic adduct for downstream live cell application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M Ray
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julia R Flood
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yael David
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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5
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Cho S, Park TH. Advances in the Production of Olfactory Receptors for Industrial Use. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200251. [PMID: 36593488 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In biological olfactory systems, olfactory receptors (ORs) can recognize and discriminate between thousands of volatile organic compounds with very high sensitivity and specificity. The superior properties of ORs have led to the development of OR-based biosensors that have shown promising potential in many applications over the past two decades. In particular, newly designed technologies in gene synthesis, protein expression, solubilization, purification, and membrane mimetics for membrane proteins have greatly opened up the previously inaccessible industrial potential of ORs. In this review, gene design, expression and solubilization strategies, and purification and reconstitution methods available for modern industrial applications are examined, with a focus on ORs. The limitations of current OR production technology are also estimated, and future directions for further progress are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongyeon Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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6
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Sugaya K, Yasuda S, Sato S, Sisi C, Yamamoto T, Umeno D, Matsuura T, Hayashi T, Ogasawara S, Kinoshita M, Murata T. A methodology for creating thermostabilized mutants of G‐protein coupled receptors by combining statistical thermodynamics and evolutionary molecular engineering. Protein Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pro.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Sugaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Membrane Protein Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Chen Sisi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Membrane Protein Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Taisei Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department of Applied Chemistry Waseda University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Earth‐Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology, and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Niigata University Niigata Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Membrane Protein Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Membrane Protein Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
- Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research Kyoto University Kyoto‐shi Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Membrane Protein Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan
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7
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Yasuda S, Akiyama T, Kojima K, Ueta T, Hayashi T, Ogasawara S, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Kunishima N, Sudo Y, Kinoshita M, Murata T. Development of an Outward Proton Pumping Rhodopsin with a New Record in Thermostability by Means of Amino Acid Mutations. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1004-1015. [PMID: 35089040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a methodology for identifying further thermostabilizing mutations for an intrinsically thermostable membrane protein. The methodology comprises the following steps: (1) identifying thermostabilizing single mutations (TSSMs) for residues in the transmembrane region using our physics-based method; (2) identifying TSSMs for residues in the extracellular and intracellular regions, which are in aqueous environment, using an empirical force field FoldX; and (3) combining the TSSMs identified in steps (1) and (2) to construct multiple mutations. The methodology is illustrated for thermophilic rhodopsin whose apparent midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation Tm is ∼91.8 °C. The TSSMs previously identified in step (1) were F90K, F90R, and Y91I with ΔTm ∼5.6, ∼5.5, and ∼2.9 °C, respectively, and those in step (2) were V79K, T114D, A115P, and A116E with ΔTm ∼2.7, ∼4.2, ∼2.6, and ∼2.3 °C, respectively (ΔTm denotes the increase in Tm). In this study, we construct triple and quadruple mutants, F90K+Y91I+T114D and F90K+Y91I+V79K+T114D. The values of ΔTm for these multiple mutants are ∼11.4 and ∼13.5 °C, respectively. Tm of the quadruple mutant (∼105.3 °C) establishes a new record in a class of outward proton pumping rhodopsins. It is higher than Tm of Rubrobacter xylanophilus rhodopsin (∼100.8 °C) that was the most thermostable in the class before this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Membrane Protein Research and Molecular Chirality Research Centers, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tomoki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology, and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Membrane Protein Research and Molecular Chirality Research Centers, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunishima
- RIKEN RSC-Rigaku Collaboration Center, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Membrane Protein Research and Molecular Chirality Research Centers, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Membrane Protein Research and Molecular Chirality Research Centers, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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8
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Morrison KA, Doekhie A, Neville GM, Price GJ, Whitley P, Doutch J, Edler KJ. Ab initio reconstruction of small angle scattering data for membrane proteins in copolymer nanodiscs. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100033. [PMID: 37082608 PMCID: PMC10074903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Small angle scattering techniques are beginning to be more widely utilised for structural analysis of biological systems. However, applying these techniques to study membrane proteins still remains problematic, due to sample preparation requirements and analysis of the resulting data. The development of styrene-maleic acid co-polymers (SMA) to extract membrane proteins into nanodiscs for further study provides a suitable environment for structural analysis. Methods We use small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with three different contrasts to determine structural information for two different polymer nanodisc-incorporated proteins, Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) and gramicidin. Ab initio modelling was applied to generate protein/lipid structures from the SANS data. Other complementary structural methodologies, such as DLS, CD and TEM were compared alongside this data with known protein crystal structures. Results A single-phase model was constructed for gramicidin-containing nanodiscs, which showed dimer formation in the centre of the nanodisc. For OmpF-nanodiscs we were able to construct a multi-phase model, providing structural information on the protein/lipid and polymer components of the sample. Conclusions Polymer-nanodiscs can provide a suitable platform to investigate certain membrane proteins using SANS, alongside other structural methodologies. However, differences between the published crystal structure and OmpF-nanodiscs were observed, suggesting the nanodisc structure could be altering the folding of the protein. General significance Small angle scattering techniques can provide structural information on the protein and polymer nanodisc without requiring crystallisation of the protein. Additional complementary techniques, such as ab initio modelling, can generate alternative models both the protein and nanodisc system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie A. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Aswin Doekhie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - George M. Neville
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Sustainable and Circular Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Gareth J. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Paul Whitley
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX. UK
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Corresponding authors.
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9
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Principles and Methods in Computational Membrane Protein Design. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:167154. [PMID: 34271008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
After decades of progress in computational protein design, the design of proteins folding and functioning in lipid membranes appears today as the next frontier. Some notable successes in the de novo design of simplified model membrane protein systems have helped articulate fundamental principles of protein folding, architecture and interaction in the hydrophobic lipid environment. These principles are reviewed here, together with the computational methods and approaches that were used to identify them. We provide an overview of the methodological innovations in the generation of new protein structures and functions and in the development of membrane-specific energy functions. We highlight the opportunities offered by new machine learning approaches applied to protein design, and by new experimental characterization techniques applied to membrane proteins. Although membrane protein design is in its infancy, it appears more reachable than previously thought.
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10
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Cecchetti C, Strauss J, Stohrer C, Naylor C, Pryor E, Hobbs J, Tanley S, Goldman A, Byrne B. A novel high-throughput screen for identifying lipids that stabilise membrane proteins in detergent based solution. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254118. [PMID: 34252116 PMCID: PMC8274869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins have a range of crucial biological functions and are the target of about 60% of all prescribed drugs. For most studies, they need to be extracted out of the lipid-bilayer, e.g. by detergent solubilisation, leading to the loss of native lipids, which may disturb important protein-lipid/bilayer interactions and thus functional and structural integrity. Relipidation of membrane proteins has proven extremely successful for studying challenging targets, but the identification of suitable lipids can be expensive and laborious. Therefore, we developed a screen to aid the high-throughput identification of beneficial lipids. The screen covers a large lipid space and was designed to be suitable for a range of stability assessment methods. Here, we demonstrate its use as a tool for identifying stabilising lipids for three membrane proteins: a bacterial pyrophosphatase (Tm-PPase), a fungal purine transporter (UapA) and a human GPCR (A2AR). A2AR is stabilised by cholesteryl hemisuccinate, a lipid well known to stabilise GPCRs, validating the approach. Additionally, our screen also identified a range of new lipids which stabilised our test proteins, providing a starting point for further investigation and demonstrating its value as a novel tool for membrane protein research. The pre-dispensed screen will be made commercially available to the scientific community in future and has a number of potential applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cecchetti
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jannik Strauss
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Stohrer
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Edward Pryor
- Anatrace, Maumee, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | | | - Adrian Goldman
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- MIBS, Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (AG); (BB)
| | - Bernadette Byrne
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AG); (BB)
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11
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Directed evolution for high functional production and stability of a challenging G protein-coupled receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8630. [PMID: 33883583 PMCID: PMC8060309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) carry out many fundamental biological functions, are involved in a large number of physiological responses, and are thus important drug targets. To allow detailed biophysical and structural studies, most of these important receptors have to be engineered to overcome their poor intrinsic stability and low expression levels. However, those GPCRs with especially poor properties cannot be successfully optimised even with the current technologies. Here, we present an engineering strategy, based on the combination of three previously developed directed evolution methods, to improve the properties of particularly challenging GPCRs. Application of this novel combination approach enabled the successful selection for improved and crystallisable variants of the human oxytocin receptor, a GPCR with particularly low intrinsic production levels. To analyse the selection results and, in particular, compare the mutations enriched in different hosts, we developed a Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) strategy that combines long reads, covering the whole receptor, with exceptionally low error rates. This study thus gave insight into the evolution pressure on the same membrane protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Our long-read NGS strategy provides a general methodology for the highly accurate analysis of libraries of point mutants during directed evolution.
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12
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Hussain MS, Wang Q, Viola RE. Engineering of a critical membrane-anchored enzyme for high solubility and catalytic activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108870. [PMID: 33831357 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated proteins carry out a wide range of essential cellular functions but the structural characterization needed to understand these functions is dramatically underrepresented in the Protein Data Bank. Producing a soluble, stable and active form of a membrane-associated protein presents formidable challenges, as evidenced by the variety of approaches that have been attempted with a multitude of different membrane proteins to achieve this goal. Aspartate N-acetyltransferase (ANAT) is a membrane-anchored enzyme that performs a critical function, the synthesis of N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), the second most abundant amino acid in the brain. This amino acid is a precursor for a neurotransmitter, and alterations in brain NAA levels have been implicated as a causative effect in Canavan disease and has been suggested to be involved in other neurological disorders. Numerous prior attempts have failed to produce a soluble form of ANAT that is amenable for functional and structural investigations. Through the application of a range of different approaches, including fusion partner constructs, linker modifications, membrane-anchor modifications, and domain truncations, a highly soluble, stable and fully active form of ANAT has now been obtained. Producing this modified enzyme form will accelerate studies aimed at structural characterization and structure-guided inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Qinzhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Ronald E Viola
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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13
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Waltenspühl Y, Ehrenmann J, Klenk C, Plückthun A. Engineering of Challenging G Protein-Coupled Receptors for Structure Determination and Biophysical Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051465. [PMID: 33800379 PMCID: PMC7962830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exert fundamental biological functions and are involved in a multitude of physiological responses, making these receptors ideal drug targets. Drug discovery programs targeting GPCRs have been greatly facilitated by the emergence of high-resolution structures and the resulting opportunities to identify new chemical entities through structure-based drug design. To enable the determination of high-resolution structures of GPCRs, most receptors have to be engineered to overcome intrinsic hurdles such as their poor stability and low expression levels. In recent years, multiple engineering approaches have been developed to specifically address the technical difficulties of working with GPCRs, which are now beginning to make more challenging receptors accessible to detailed studies. Importantly, successfully engineered GPCRs are not only valuable in X-ray crystallography, but further enable biophysical studies with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, native mass spectrometry, and fluorescence anisotropy measurements, all of which are important for the detailed mechanistic understanding, which is the prerequisite for successful drug design. Here, we summarize engineering strategies based on directed evolution to reduce workload and enable biophysical experiments of particularly challenging GPCRs.
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14
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Deshpande CN, Azucenas CR, Qiao B, Nomura N, Xin V, Font J, Iwata S, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Mackenzie B, Jormakka M. Isolation and thermal stabilization of mouse ferroportin. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 11:26-34. [PMID: 33190422 PMCID: PMC7780100 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroportin (Fpn) is an essential mammalian iron transporter that is negatively regulated by the hormone hepcidin. Our current molecular understanding of Fpn‐mediated iron efflux and regulation is limited due to a lack of biochemical, biophysical and high‐resolution structural studies. A critical step towards understanding the transport mechanism of Fpn is to obtain sufficient quantities of pure and stable protein for downstream studies. As such, we detail here an expression and purification protocol for mouse Fpn yielding milligram quantities of pure protein. We have generated deletion constructs exhibiting enhanced thermal stability and which retained iron‐transport activity and hepcidin responsiveness, providing a platform for further biophysical studies of Fpn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corbin R Azucenas
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH.,Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Bo Qiao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norimichi Nomura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Vicky Xin
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Josep Font
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - So Iwata
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Mackenzie
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Current pivotal strategies leading a difficult target protein to a sample suitable for crystallographic analysis. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1661-1673. [PMID: 32677661 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic structural analysis is an essential method for the determination of protein structure. However, crystallization of a protein of interest is the most difficult process in the analysis. The process is often hampered during the sample preparation, including expression and purification. Even after a sample has been purified, not all candidate proteins crystallize. In this mini-review, the current methodologies used to overcome obstacles encountered during protein crystallization are sorted. Specifically, the strategy for an effective crystallization is compared with a pipeline where various expression hosts and constructs, purification and crystallization conditions, and crystallization chaperones as target-specific binder proteins are assessed by a precrystallization screening. These methodologies are also developed continuously to improve the process. The described methods are useful for sample preparation in crystallographic analysis and other structure determination techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy.
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16
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Structural cavities are critical to balancing stability and activity of a membrane-integral enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22146-22156. [PMID: 32848056 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917770117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Packing interaction is a critical driving force in the folding of helical membrane proteins. Despite the importance, packing defects (i.e., cavities including voids, pockets, and pores) are prevalent in membrane-integral enzymes, channels, transporters, and receptors, playing essential roles in function. Then, a question arises regarding how the two competing requirements, packing for stability vs. cavities for function, are reconciled in membrane protein structures. Here, using the intramembrane protease GlpG of Escherichia coli as a model and cavity-filling mutation as a probe, we tested the impacts of native cavities on the thermodynamic stability and function of a membrane protein. We find several stabilizing mutations which induce substantial activity reduction without distorting the active site. Notably, these mutations are all mapped onto the regions of conformational flexibility and functional importance, indicating that the cavities facilitate functional movement of GlpG while compromising the stability. Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation suggest that the stabilization is induced by the coupling between enhanced protein packing and weakly unfavorable lipid desolvation, or solely by favorable lipid solvation on the cavities. Our result suggests that, stabilized by the relatively weak interactions with lipids, cavities are accommodated in membrane proteins without severe energetic cost, which, in turn, serve as a platform to fine-tune the balance between stability and flexibility for optimal activity.
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17
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Lactobionamide-based fluorinated detergent for functional and structural stabilization of membrane proteins. Methods 2020; 180:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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18
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Schuster M, Deluigi M, Pantić M, Vacca S, Baumann C, Scott DJ, Plückthun A, Zerbe O. Optimizing the α 1B-adrenergic receptor for solution NMR studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183354. [PMID: 32413443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation for NMR studies of G protein-coupled receptors faces special requirements: Proteins need to be stable for prolonged measurements at elevated temperatures, they should ideally be uniformly labeled with the stable isotopes 13C, 15N, and all carbon-bound protons should be replaced by deuterons. In addition, certain NMR experiments require protonated methyl groups in the presence of a perdeuterated background. All these requirements are most easily satisfied when using Escherichia coli as the expression host. Here we describe a workflow, starting from a temperature-stabilized mutant of the α1B-adrenergic receptor, obtained using the CHESS methodology, into an even more stable species, in which flexible parts from termini were removed and the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) was stabilized against proteolytic cleavage. The yield after purification corresponds to 1-2 mg/L of D2O culture. The final purification step is ligand-affinity chromatography to ensure that only well-folded ligand-binding protein is isolated. Proper selection of detergent has a remarkable influence on the quality of NMR spectra. All optimization steps of sequence and detergent are monitored on a small scale by monitoring the melting temperature and long-term thermal stability to allow for screening of many conditions. The stabilized mutant of the α1B-adrenergic receptor was additionally incorporated in nanodiscs, but displayed slightly inferior spectra compared to a sample in detergent micelles. Finally, both [15N,1H]- as well as [13C,1H]-HSQC spectra are shown highlighting the high quality of the final NMR sample. Importantly, the quality of [13C,1H]-HSQC spectra indicates that the so prepared receptor could be used for studying side-chain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mattia Deluigi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milica Pantić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Scott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Murata T, Yasuda S, Hayashi T, Kinoshita M. Theoretical identification of thermostabilizing amino acid mutations for G-protein-coupled receptors. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:323-332. [PMID: 32270446 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostabilization of a membrane proteins, especially G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is often necessary for biochemical applications and pharmaceutical studies involving structure-based drug design. Here we review our theoretical, physics-based method for identifying thermostabilizing amino acid mutations. Its novel aspects are the following: The entropic effect originating from the translational displacement of hydrocarbon groups within the lipid bilayer is treated as a pivotal factor; a reliable measure of thermostability is introduced and a mutation which enlarges the measure to a significant extent is chosen; and all the possible mutations can be examined with moderate computational effort. It was shown that mutating the residue at a position of NBW = 3.39 (NBW is the Ballesteros-Weinstein number) to Arg or Lys leads to the stabilization of significantly many different GPCRs of class A in the inactive state. Up to now, we have been successful in stabilizing several GPCRs and newly solving three-dimensional structures for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 (M2R), prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4), and serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) using X-ray crystallography. The subjects to be pursued in future studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Present address: Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Assistive Technology, and Art and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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20
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Yasuda S, Akiyama T, Nemoto S, Hayashi T, Ueta T, Kojima K, Tsukamoto T, Nagatoishi S, Tsumoto K, Sudo Y, Kinoshita M, Murata T. Methodology for Further Thermostabilization of an Intrinsically Thermostable Membrane Protein Using Amino Acid Mutations with Its Original Function Being Retained. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:1709-1716. [PMID: 32155058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop a new methodology best suited to the identification of thermostabilizing mutations for an intrinsically stable membrane protein. The recently discovered thermophilic rhodopsin, whose apparent midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation Tm is measured to be ∼91.8 °C, is chosen as a paradigmatic target. In the methodology, we first regard the residues whose side chains are missing in the crystal structure of the wild type (WT) as the "residues with disordered side chains," which make no significant contributions to the stability, unlike the other essential residues. We then undertake mutating each of the residues with disordered side chains to another residue except Ala and Pro, and the resultant mutant structure is constructed by modifying only the local structure around the mutated residue. This construction is based on the postulation that the structure formed by the other essential residues, which is nearly optimized in such a highly stable protein, should not be modified. The stability changes arising from the mutations are then evaluated using our physics-based free-energy function (FEF). We choose the mutations for which the FEF is much lower than for the WT and test them by experiments. We successfully find three mutants that are significantly more stable than the WT. A double mutant whose Tm reaches ∼100 °C is also discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoki Akiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nemoto
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ueta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuki Sudo
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.,Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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21
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Abstract
The advent of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in the last decade created the discipline of serial crystallography but also the challenge of how crystal samples are delivered to X-ray. Early sample delivery methods demonstrated the proof-of-concept for serial crystallography and XFEL but were beset with challenges of high sample consumption, jet clogging and low data collection efficiency. The potential of XFEL and serial crystallography as the next frontier of structural solution by X-ray for small and weakly diffracting crystals and provision of ultra-fast time-resolved structural data spawned a huge amount of scientific interest and innovation. To utilize the full potential of XFEL and broaden its applicability to a larger variety of biological samples, researchers are challenged to develop better sample delivery methods. Thus, sample delivery is one of the key areas of research and development in the serial crystallography scientific community. Sample delivery currently falls into three main systems: jet-based methods, fixed-target chips, and drop-on-demand. Huge strides have since been made in reducing sample consumption and improving data collection efficiency, thus enabling the use of XFEL for many biological systems to provide high-resolution, radiation damage-free structural data as well as time-resolved dynamics studies. This review summarizes the current main strategies in sample delivery and their respective pros and cons, as well as some future direction.
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22
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Yasuda S, Kazama K, Akiyama T, Kinoshita M, Murata T. Elucidation of cosolvent effects thermostabilizing water-soluble and membrane proteins. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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23
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Newton MS, Cabezas-Perusse Y, Tong CL, Seelig B. In Vitro Selection of Peptides and Proteins-Advantages of mRNA Display. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:181-190. [PMID: 31891492 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mRNA display is a robust in vitro selection technique that allows the selection of peptides and proteins with desired functions from libraries of trillions of variants. mRNA display relies upon a covalent linkage between a protein and its encoding mRNA molecule; the power of the technique stems from the stability of this link, and the large degree of control over experimental conditions afforded to the researcher. This article describes the major advantages that make mRNA display the method of choice among comparable in vivo and in vitro methods, including cell-surface display, phage display, and ribosomal display. We also describe innovative techniques that harness mRNA display for directed evolution, protein engineering, and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilda S. Newton
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology & Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Yari Cabezas-Perusse
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Cher Ling Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Burckhard Seelig
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics & BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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24
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Azouz M, Gonin M, Fiedler S, Faherty J, Decossas M, Cullin C, Villette S, Lafleur M, D Alves I, Lecomte S, Ciaccafava A. Microfluidic diffusional sizing probes lipid nanodiscs formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183215. [PMID: 32061645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical characterisation of membrane proteins and their interactions with lipids in native membrane habitat remains a major challenge. Indeed, traditional solubilisation procedures with detergents often causes the loss of native lipids surrounding membrane proteins, which ultimately impacts structural and functional properties. Recently, copolymer-based nanodiscs have emerged as a highly promising tool, thanks to their unique ability of solubilising membrane proteins directly from native membranes, in the shape of discoidal patches of lipid bilayers. While this methodology finally set us free from the use of detergents, some limitations are however associated with the use of such copolymers. Among them, one can cite the tedious control of the nanodiscs size, their instability in basic pH and in the presence of divalent cations. In this respect, many variants of the widely used Styrene Maleic Acid (SMA) copolymer have been developed to specifically address those limitations. With the multiplication of new SMA copolymer variants and the growing interest in copolymer-based nanodiscs for the characterisation of membrane proteins, there is a need to better understand and control their formation. Among the techniques used to characterise the solubilisation of lipid bilayer by amphipathic molecules, cryo-TEM, 31P NMR, DLS, ITC and fluorescence spectroscopy are the most widely used, with a consensus made in the sense that a combination of these techniques is required. In this work, we propose to evaluate the capacity of Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) as a new method to follow copolymer nanodiscs formation. Originally designed to determine protein size through laminar flow diffusion, we present a novel application along with a protocol development to observe nanodiscs formation by MDS. We show that MDS allows to precisely measure the size of nanodiscs, and to determine the copolymer/lipid ratio at the onset of solubilisation. Finally, we use MDS to characterise peptide/nanodisc interaction. The technique shows a promising ability to highlight the pivotal role of lipids in promoting interactions through a case study with an aggregating peptide. This confirmed the relevance of using the MDS and nanodiscs as biomimetic models for such investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azouz
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mathilde Gonin
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Rd, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Faherty
- Fluidic Analytics Ltd, Unit A, The Paddocks Business Centre, Cherry Hinton Rd, Cambridge CB1 8DH, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Decossas
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Christophe Cullin
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sandrine Villette
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Michel Lafleur
- Department of chemistry, Université de Montréal, 2900, Édouard-Montpetit blvd., Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabel D Alves
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Alexandre Ciaccafava
- Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, CBMN UMR 5248, Bat B14 Allée Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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25
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Kulandaisamy A, Zaucha J, Sakthivel R, Frishman D, Michael Gromiha M. Pred‐MutHTP: Prediction of disease‐causing and neutral mutations in human transmembrane proteins. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:581-590. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Kulandaisamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai Tamilnadu India
| | - Jan Zaucha
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum WeihenstephanTechnische Universität MünchenFreising Germany
| | - Ramasamy Sakthivel
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai Tamilnadu India
| | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Wissenschaftszentrum WeihenstephanTechnische Universität MünchenFreising Germany
- Department of BioinformaticsPeter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic UniversitySt. Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - M. Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of BioSciencesIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai Tamilnadu India
- Advanced Computational Drug Discovery Unit, Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative ResearchTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama Japan
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26
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Chen KYM, Keri D, Barth P. Computational design of G Protein-Coupled Receptor allosteric signal transductions. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 16:77-86. [PMID: 31792443 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane receptors sense and transduce extracellular stimuli into intracellular signaling responses but the molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood. We report a computational approach for designing protein allosteric signaling functions. By combining molecular dynamics simulations and design calculations, the method engineers amino-acid 'microswitches' at allosteric sites that modulate receptor stability or long-range coupling, to reprogram specific signaling properties. We designed 36 dopamine D2 receptor variants, whose constitutive and ligand-induced signaling agreed well with our predictions, repurposed the D2 receptor into a serotonin biosensor and predicted the signaling effects of more than 100 known G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mutations. Our results reveal the existence of distinct classes of allosteric microswitches and pathways that define an unforeseen molecular mechanism of regulation and evolution of GPCR signaling. Our approach enables the rational design of allosteric receptors with enhanced stability and function to facilitate structural characterization, and reprogram cellular signaling in synthetic biology and cell engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Yui Michael Chen
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Keri
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Barth
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Hardy D, Bill RM, Rothnie AJ, Jawhari A. Stabilization of Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) Using Novel Solubilization Agents. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:1009-1017. [PMID: 31381456 PMCID: PMC6873219 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219867074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) are important drug discovery targets for a wide range of diseases. However, elucidating the structure and function of native MP is notoriously challenging as their original structure has to be maintained once removed from the lipid bilayer. Conventionally, detergents have been used to solubilize MP with varying degrees of success concerning MP stability. To try to address this, new, more stabilizing agents have been developed, such as calixarene-based detergents and styrene-maleic acid (SMA) copolymer. Calixarene-based detergents exhibit enhanced solubilizing and stabilizing properties compared with conventional detergents, whereas SMA is able to extract MPs with their surrounding lipids, forming a nanodisc structure. Here we report a comparative study using classical detergents, calixarene-based detergents, and SMA to assess the solubilization and stabilization of the human ABC transporter MRP4 (multidrug resistance protein 4/ABCC4). We show that both SMA and calixarene-based detergents have a higher solubility efficiency (at least 80%) than conventional detergents, and show striking overstabilization features of MRP4 (up to 70 °C) with at least 30 °C stability improvement in comparison with the best conventional detergents. These solubilizing agents were successfully used to purify aggregate-free, homogenous and stable MRP4, with sevenfold higher yield for C4C7 calixarene detergent in comparison with SMA. This work paves the way to MRP4 structural and functional investigations and illustrates once more the high value of using calixarene-based detergent or SMA as versatile and efficient tools to study MP, and eventually enable drug discovery of challenging and highly druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hardy
- CALIXAR, Lyon, France.,Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice J Rothnie
- Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Williams LM, He X, Vaid TM, Abdul‐Ridha A, Whitehead AR, Gooley PR, Bathgate RA, Williams SJ, Scott DJ. Diazepam is not a direct allosteric modulator of α 1-adrenoceptors, but modulates receptor signaling by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00455. [PMID: 30619611 PMCID: PMC6306559 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
α1A- and α1B-adrenoceptors (ARs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by adrenaline and noradrenaline to modulate smooth muscle contraction in the periphery, and neuronal outputs in the central nervous system (CNS). α1A- and α1B-AR are clinically targeted with antagonists for hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia and are emerging CNS targets for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The benzodiazepines midazolam, diazepam, and lorazepam are proposed to be positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of α1-ARs. Here, using thermostabilized, purified, α1A- and α1B-ARs, we sought to identify the benzodiazepine binding site and modulatory mechanism to inform the design of selective PAMs. However, using a combination of biophysical approaches no evidence was found for direct binding of several benzodiazepines to purified, stabilized α1A- and α1B-ARs. Similarly, in cell-based assays expressing unmodified α1A- and α1B-ARs, benzodiazepine treatment had no effect on fluorescent ligand binding, agonist-stimulated Ca2+ release, or G protein activation. In contrast, several benzodiazepines positively modulated phenylephrine stimulation of a cAMP response element pathway by α1A- and α1B-ARs; however, this was shown to be caused by off-target inhibition of phosphodiesterases, known targets of diazepam. This study highlights how purified, stabilized GPCRs are useful for validating allosteric ligand binding and that care needs to be taken before assigning new targets to benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Williams
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Xiaoji He
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Tasneem M. Vaid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alaa Abdul‐Ridha
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alice R. Whitehead
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Ross A.D. Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Spencer J. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
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29
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Cirri E, Brier S, Assal R, Canul-Tec JC, Chamot-Rooke J, Reyes N. Consensus designs and thermal stability determinants of a human glutamate transporter. eLife 2018; 7:40110. [PMID: 30334738 PMCID: PMC6209432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) take up the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain and are essential to maintain excitatory neurotransmission. Our understanding of the EAATs’ molecular mechanisms has been hampered by the lack of stability of purified protein samples for biophysical analyses. Here, we present approaches based on consensus mutagenesis to obtain thermostable EAAT1 variants that share up to ~95% amino acid identity with the wild type transporters, and remain natively folded and functional. Structural analyses of EAAT1 and the consensus designs using hydrogen-deuterium exchange linked to mass spectrometry show that small and highly cooperative unfolding events at the inter-subunit interface rate-limit their thermal denaturation, while the transport domain unfolds at a later stage in the unfolding pathway. Our findings provide structural insights into the kinetic stability of human glutamate transporters, and introduce general approaches to extend the lifetime of human membrane proteins for biophysical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Cirri
- Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR 3528, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Brier
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,USR 2000, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Reda Assal
- Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR 3528, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Juan Carlos Canul-Tec
- Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR 3528, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,USR 2000, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Reyes
- Molecular Mechanisms of Membrane Transport Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,UMR 3528, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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30
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Varga JK, Tusnády GE. TMCrys: predict propensity of success for transmembrane protein crystallization. Bioinformatics 2018; 34:3126-3130. [PMID: 29718100 PMCID: PMC6137969 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Transmembrane proteins (TMPs) are crucial in the life of the cells. As they have special properties, their structure is hard to determine--the PDB database consists of 2% TMPs, despite the fact that they are predicted to make up to 25% of the human proteome. Crystallization prediction methods were developed to aid the target selection for structure determination, however, there is a need for a TMP specific service. Results Here, we present TMCrys, a crystallization prediction method that surpasses existing prediction methods in performance thanks to its specialization for TMPs. We expect TMCrys to improve target selection of TMPs. Availability and implementation https://github.com/brgenzim/tmcrys. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Varga
- ‘Momentum’ Membrane Protein Bioinformatics Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor E Tusnády
- ‘Momentum’ Membrane Protein Bioinformatics Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Center of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Lyu L, Hu M, Fu A, Xing B. Extracellular Vesicle Directed Exogenous Ion Channel Transport for Precise Manipulation of Biological Events. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2715-2722. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linna Lyu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Ming Hu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Afu Fu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
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32
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Yong KJ, Vaid TM, Shilling PJ, Wu FJ, Williams LM, Deluigi M, Plückthun A, Bathgate RAD, Gooley PR, Scott DJ. Determinants of Ligand Subtype-Selectivity at α 1A-Adrenoceptor Revealed Using Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2018. [PMID: 29537256 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
α1A- and α1B-adrenoceptors (α1A-AR and α1B-AR) are closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that modulate the cardiovascular and nervous systems in response to binding epinephrine and norepinephrine. The GPCR gene superfamily is made up of numerous subfamilies that, like α1A-AR and α1B-AR, are activated by the same endogenous agonists but may modulate different physiological processes. A major challenge in GPCR research and drug discovery is determining how compounds interact with receptors at the molecular level, especially to assist in the optimization of drug leads. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) can provide great insight into ligand-binding epitopes, modes, and kinetics. Ideally, ligand-based NMR methods require purified, well-behaved protein samples. The instability of GPCRs upon purification in detergents, however, makes the application of NMR to study ligand binding challenging. Here, stabilized α1A-AR and α1B-AR variants were engineered using Cellular High-throughput Encapsulation, Solubilization, and Screening (CHESS), allowing the analysis of ligand binding with Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD NMR). STD NMR was used to map the binding epitopes of epinephrine and A-61603 to both receptors, revealing the molecular determinants for the selectivity of A-61603 for α1A-AR over α1B-AR. The use of stabilized GPCRs for ligand-observed NMR experiments will lead to a deeper understanding of binding processes and assist structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin J. Yong
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tasneem M. Vaid
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Shilling
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Feng-Jie Wu
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Williams
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Mattia Deluigi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ross A. D. Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul R. Gooley
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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33
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Kajiwara Y, Yasuda S, Hikiri S, Hayashi T, Ikeguchi M, Murata T, Kinoshita M. Physical Origin of Thermostabilization by a Quadruple Mutation for the Adenosine A2a Receptor in the Active State. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4418-4427. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kajiwara
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Simon Hikiri
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Hayashi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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34
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Bumbak F, Keen AC, Gunn NJ, Gooley PR, Bathgate RAD, Scott DJ. Optimization and 13CH 3 methionine labeling of a signaling competent neurotensin receptor 1 variant for NMR studies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:1372-1383. [PMID: 29596791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin is a 13-residue peptide that acts as a neuromodulator of classical neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate in the mammalian central nervous system, mainly by activating the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1). Agonist binding to GPCRs shifts the conformational equilibrium of the transmembrane helices towards distinct, thermodynamically favorable conformations that favor effector protein interactions and promotes cell signaling. The introduction of site specific labels for NMR spectroscopy has proven useful for investigating this dynamic process, but the low expression levels and poor stability of GPCRs is a hindrance to solution NMR experiments. Several thermostabilized mutants of NTS1 have been engineered to circumvent this, with the crystal structures of four of these published. The conformational dynamics of NTS1 however, has not been thoroughly investigated with NMR. It is generally accepted that stabilized GPCRs exhibit attenuated signaling, thus we thoroughly characterized the signaling characteristics of several thermostabilized NTS1 variants to identify an optimal variant for protein NMR studies. A variant termed enNTS1 exhibited the best combination of signaling capability and stability upon solubilization with detergents. enNTS1 was subsequently labeled with 13CH3-methionine in E. coli and purified to homogeneity in the absence of bound ligands. Using solution NMR spectroscopy we observed several well dispersed 13CH3-methionine resonances, many of which exhibited chemical shift changes upon the addition of the high affinity agonist peptide, NT8-13. Thus, enNTS1 represents a novel tool for investigating ligand induced conformational changes in NTS1 to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotensin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bumbak
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Natalie J Gunn
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; IBM Research Australia, Southbank, Victoria 3053, Australia
| | - Paul R Gooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ross A D Bathgate
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Daniel J Scott
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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35
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X-ray free electron laser: opportunities for drug discovery. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:529-542. [PMID: 29118098 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Past decades have shown the impact of structural information derived from complexes of drug candidates with their protein targets to facilitate the discovery of safe and effective medicines. Despite recent developments in single particle cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography has been the main method to derive structural information. The unique properties of X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) with unmet peak brilliance and beam focus allow X-ray diffraction data recording and successful structure determination from smaller and weaker diffracting crystals shortening timelines in crystal optimization. To further capitalize on the XFEL advantage, innovations in crystal sample delivery for the X-ray experiment, data collection and processing methods are required. This development was a key contributor to serial crystallography allowing structure determination at room temperature yielding physiologically more relevant structures. Adding the time resolution provided by the femtosecond X-ray pulse will enable monitoring and capturing of dynamic processes of ligand binding and associated conformational changes with great impact to the design of candidate drug compounds.
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36
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Niesen MJM, Marshall SS, Miller TF, Clemons WM. Improving membrane protein expression by optimizing integration efficiency. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19537-19545. [PMID: 28918393 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterologous overexpression of integral membrane proteins in Escherichia coli often yields insufficient quantities of purifiable protein for applications of interest. The current study leverages a recently demonstrated link between co-translational membrane integration efficiency and protein expression levels to predict protein sequence modifications that improve expression. Membrane integration efficiencies, obtained using a coarse-grained simulation approach, robustly predicted effects on expression of the integral membrane protein TatC for a set of 140 sequence modifications, including loop-swap chimeras and single-residue mutations distributed throughout the protein sequence. Mutations that improve simulated integration efficiency were 4-fold enriched with respect to improved experimentally observed expression levels. Furthermore, the effects of double mutations on both simulated integration efficiency and experimentally observed expression levels were cumulative and largely independent, suggesting that multiple mutations can be introduced to yield higher levels of purifiable protein. This work provides a foundation for a general method for the rational overexpression of integral membrane proteins based on computationally simulated membrane integration efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel J M Niesen
- From the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Stephen S Marshall
- From the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Thomas F Miller
- From the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - William M Clemons
- From the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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37
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Henninot A, Collins JC, Nuss JM. The Current State of Peptide Drug Discovery: Back to the Future? J Med Chem 2017; 61:1382-1414. [PMID: 28737935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, peptide drug discovery has experienced a revival of interest and scientific momentum, as the pharmaceutical industry has come to appreciate the role that peptide therapeutics can play in addressing unmet medical needs and how this class of compounds can be an excellent complement or even preferable alternative to small molecule and biological therapeutics. In this Perspective, we give a concise description of the recent progress in peptide drug discovery in a holistic manner, highlighting enabling technological advances affecting nearly every aspect of this field: from lead discovery, to synthesis and optimization, to peptide drug delivery. An emphasis is placed on describing research efforts to overcome the inherent weaknesses of peptide drugs, in particular their poor pharmacokinetic properties, and how these efforts have been critical to the discovery, design, and subsequent development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Henninot
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - James C Collins
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John M Nuss
- Ferring Research Institute , 4245 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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38
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High-throughput mutagenesis using a two-fragment PCR approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6787. [PMID: 28754896 PMCID: PMC5533798 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-directed scanning mutagenesis is a powerful protein engineering technique which allows studies of protein functionality at single amino acid resolution and design of stabilized proteins for structural and biophysical work. However, creating libraries of hundreds of mutants remains a challenging, expensive and time-consuming process. The efficiency of the mutagenesis step is the key for fast and economical generation of such libraries. PCR artefacts such as misannealing and tandem primer repeats are often observed in mutagenesis cloning and reduce the efficiency of mutagenesis. Here we present a high-throughput mutagenesis pipeline based on established methods that significantly reduces PCR artefacts. We combined a two-fragment PCR approach, in which mutagenesis primers are used in two separate PCR reactions, with an in vitro assembly of resulting fragments. We show that this approach, despite being more laborious, is a very efficient pipeline for the creation of large libraries of mutants.
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39
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Opportunities for therapeutic antibodies directed at G-protein-coupled receptors. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:787-810. [PMID: 28706220 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by a diverse range of ligands, from large proteins and proteases to small peptides, metabolites, neurotransmitters and ions. They are expressed on all cells in the body and have key roles in physiology and homeostasis. As such, GPCRs are one of the most important target classes for therapeutic drug discovery. The development of drugs targeting GPCRs has therapeutic value across a wide range of diseases, including cancer, immune and inflammatory disorders as well as neurological and metabolic diseases. The progress made by targeting GPCRs with antibody-based therapeutics, as well as technical hurdles to overcome, are presented and discussed in this Review. Antibody therapeutics targeting C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4), CCR5 and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are used as illustrative clinical case studies.
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Yasuda S, Kajiwara Y, Toyoda Y, Morimoto K, Suno R, Iwata S, Kobayashi T, Murata T, Kinoshita M. Hot-Spot Residues to be Mutated Common in G Protein-Coupled Receptors of Class A: Identification of Thermostabilizing Mutations Followed by Determination of Three-Dimensional Structures for Two Example Receptors. J Phys Chem B 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Graduate
School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular
Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuta Kajiwara
- Graduate
School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yosuke Toyoda
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazushi Morimoto
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoji Suno
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - So Iwata
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Graduate
School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Graduate
School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Molecular
Chirality Research Center, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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41
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Overcoming bottlenecks in the membrane protein structural biology pipeline. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:838-44. [PMID: 27284049 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins account for a third of the eukaryotic proteome, but are greatly under-represented in the Protein Data Bank. Unfortunately, recent technological advances in X-ray crystallography and EM cannot account for the poor solubility and stability of membrane protein samples. A limitation of conventional detergent-based methods is that detergent molecules destabilize membrane proteins, leading to their aggregation. The use of orthologues, mutants and fusion tags has helped improve protein stability, but at the expense of not working with the sequence of interest. Novel detergents such as glucose neopentyl glycol (GNG), maltose neopentyl glycol (MNG) and calixarene-based detergents can improve protein stability without compromising their solubilizing properties. Styrene maleic acid lipid particles (SMALPs) focus on retaining the native lipid bilayer of a membrane protein during purification and biophysical analysis. Overcoming bottlenecks in the membrane protein structural biology pipeline, primarily by maintaining protein stability, will facilitate the elucidation of many more membrane protein structures in the near future.
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42
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Structure-guided SCHEMA recombination generates diverse chimeric channelrhodopsins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2624-E2633. [PMID: 28283661 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700269114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins (MPs) are key engineering targets due to their critical roles in regulating cell function. In engineering MPs, it can be extremely challenging to retain membrane localization capability while changing other desired properties. We have used structure-guided SCHEMA recombination to create a large set of functionally diverse chimeras from three sequence-diverse channelrhodopsins (ChRs). We chose 218 ChR chimeras from two SCHEMA libraries and assayed them for expression and plasma membrane localization in human embryonic kidney cells. The majority of the chimeras express, with 89% of the tested chimeras outperforming the lowest-expressing parent; 12% of the tested chimeras express at even higher levels than any of the parents. A significant fraction (23%) also localize to the membrane better than the lowest-performing parent ChR. Most (93%) of these well-localizing chimeras are also functional light-gated channels. Many chimeras have stronger light-activated inward currents than the three parents, and some have unique off-kinetics and spectral properties relative to the parents. An effective method for generating protein sequence and functional diversity, SCHEMA recombination can be used to gain insights into sequence-function relationships in MPs.
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Errasti-Murugarren E, Rodríguez-Banqueri A, Vázquez-Ibar JL. Split GFP Complementation as Reporter of Membrane Protein Expression and Stability in E. coli: A Tool to Engineer Stability in a LAT Transporter. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1586:181-195. [PMID: 28470605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6887-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining enough quantity of recombinant membrane transport proteins with optimal purity and stability for structural studies is a remarkable challenge. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to engineer SteT, the amino acid transporter of Bacillus subtilis, in order to improve its heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and its stability in detergent micelles. We built a library of 70 SteT mutants, combining a random mutagenesis protocol with a split GFP assay as reporter of protein folding and membrane insertion. Mutagenesis was restricted to residues situated in the transmembrane domains. Improved versions of SteT were successfully identified after analyzing the expression yield and monodispersity in detergent micelles of the library's members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaitz Errasti-Murugarren
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Rodríguez-Banqueri
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Proteòmica Aplicada i Enginyeria de Proteïnes, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Vázquez-Ibar
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), iBiTec-S/SB2SM, CEA Saclay CNRS UMR 9198, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 21, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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44
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Uyeda A, Nakayama S, Kato Y, Watanabe H, Matsuura T. Construction of an in Vitro Gene Screening System of the E. coli EmrE Transporter Using Liposome Display. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12028-12035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Uyeda
- Department of Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakayama
- Department of Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hajime Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuura
- Department of Biotechnology,
Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka,
Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Slusky JS. Outer membrane protein design. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 45:45-52. [PMID: 27894013 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are the gateway to the cell. These proteins are also a control center of the cell, as information from the outside is passed through membrane proteins as signals to the cellular machinery. The design of membrane proteins seeks to harness the power of these gateways and signal carriers. This review will focus on the design of the membrane proteins that are in the outer membrane, a membrane which only exists for gram negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Unlike other membrane proteins, outer membrane proteins are uniquely shaped as β-barrels. Herein, I describe most known examples of membrane β-barrel design to date, focusing particularly on categorizing designs as: Firstly, structural deconstruction; secondly, structural changes; thirdly, chemical function design; and finally, the creation of new folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sg Slusky
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4010 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS 66045, United States.
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46
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Kajiwara Y, Yasuda S, Takamuku Y, Murata T, Kinoshita M. Identification of thermostabilizing mutations for a membrane protein whose three-dimensional structure is unknown. J Comput Chem 2016; 38:211-223. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kajiwara
- Department of Fundamental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Laboratory for Complex Energy Processes Section, Institute of Advanced Energy; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yuuki Takamuku
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Takeshi Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center; Chiba University; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
- JST, PRESTO; 1-33 Yayoi-cho Inage Chiba 263-8522 Japan
| | - Masahiro Kinoshita
- Laboratory for Complex Energy Processes Section, Institute of Advanced Energy; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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Marshall SS, Niesen MJM, Müller A, Tiemann K, Saladi SM, Galimidi RP, Zhang B, Clemons WM, Miller TF. A Link between Integral Membrane Protein Expression and Simulated Integration Efficiency. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2169-2177. [PMID: 27524616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane proteins (IMPs) control the flow of information and nutrients across cell membranes, yet IMP mechanistic studies are hindered by difficulties in expression. We investigate this issue by addressing the connection between IMP sequence and observed expression levels. For homologs of the IMP TatC, observed expression levels vary widely and are affected by small changes in protein sequence. The effect of sequence changes on experimentally observed expression levels strongly correlates with the simulated integration efficiency obtained from coarse-grained modeling, which is directly confirmed using an in vivo assay. Furthermore, mutations that improve the simulated integration efficiency likewise increase the experimentally observed expression levels. Demonstration of these trends in both Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium smegmatis suggests that the results are general to other expression systems. This work suggests that IMP integration is a determinant for successful expression, raising the possibility of controlling IMP expression via rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Marshall
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michiel J M Niesen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Axel Müller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Katrin Tiemann
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shyam M Saladi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rachel P Galimidi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - William M Clemons
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Thomas F Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Ramadoss V, Dehez F, Chipot C. AlaScan: A Graphical User Interface for Alanine Scanning Free-Energy Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:1122-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraj Ramadoss
- Laboratoire
International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
et University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Unité
Mixte de Recherche n°7565, Université de Lorraine, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - François Dehez
- Laboratoire
International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
et University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Unité
Mixte de Recherche n°7565, Université de Lorraine, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
| | - Christophe Chipot
- Laboratoire
International Associé Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
et University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Unité
Mixte de Recherche n°7565, Université de Lorraine, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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49
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Huang R, Kiss MM, Batonick M, Weiner MP, Kay BK. Generating Recombinant Antibodies to Membrane Proteins through Phage Display. Antibodies (Basel) 2016; 5:antib5020011. [PMID: 31557992 PMCID: PMC6698964 DOI: 10.3390/antib5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important classes of proteins in terms of drug targets is cell surface membrane proteins, and yet it is a challenging set of proteins for generating high-quality affinity reagents. In this review, we focus on the use of phage libraries, which display antibody fragments, for generating recombinant antibodies to membrane proteins. Such affinity reagents generally have high specificity and affinity for their targets. They have been used for cell staining, for promoting protein crystallization to solve three-dimensional structures, for diagnostics, and for treating diseases as therapeutics. We cover publications on this topic from the past 10 years, with a focus on the various formats of membrane proteins for affinity selection and the diverse affinity selection strategies used. Lastly, we discuss the challenges faced in this field and provide possible directions for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
| | - Margaret M Kiss
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Melissa Batonick
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Michael P Weiner
- AxioMx Inc., a subsidiary of Abcam Plc, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | - Brian K Kay
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7060, USA.
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50
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Yasuda S, Kajiwara Y, Takamuku Y, Suzuki N, Murata T, Kinoshita M. Identification of Thermostabilizing Mutations for Membrane Proteins: Rapid Method Based on Statistical Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3833-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takeshi Murata
- JST, PRESTO, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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