1
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Wang Q, Wang X, Ding J, Huang L, Wang Z. Structural insight of cell surface sugars in viral infection and human milk glycans as natural antiviral substance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133867. [PMID: 39009265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are caused by the adhesion of viruses to host cell receptors, including sialylated glycans, glycosaminoglycans, and human blood group antigens (HBGAs). Atomic-level structural information on the interactions between viral particles or proteins with glycans can be determined to provide precise targets for designing antiviral drugs. Milk glycans, existing as free oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates, have attracted increasing attention; milk glycans protect infants against infectious diseases, particularly poorly manageable viral infections. Furthermore, several glycans containing structurally distinct sialic acid/fucose/sulfate modifications in human milk acting as a "receptor decoy" and serving as the natural antiviral library, could interrupt virus-receptor interaction in the first line of defense for viral infection. This review highlights the basis of virus-glycan interactions, presents specific glycan receptor binding by gastroenterovirus viruses, including norovirus, enteroviruses, and the breakthroughs in the studies on the antiviral properties of human milk glycans, and also elucidates the role of glycans in respiratory viruses infection. In addition, recent advances in methods for performing virus/viral protein-glycan interactions were reported. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of the studies on the clinical application of human milk glycan for viral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jieqiong Ding
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Burnim AA, Dufault-Thompson K, Jiang X. The three-sided right-handed β-helix is a versatile fold for glycan interactions. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae037. [PMID: 38767844 PMCID: PMC11129586 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between proteins and glycans are critical to various biological processes. With databases of carbohydrate-interacting proteins and increasing amounts of structural data, the three-sided right-handed β-helix (RHBH) has emerged as a significant structural fold for glycan interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the sequence, mechanistic, and structural features that enable the RHBH to interact with glycans. The RHBH is a prevalent fold that exists in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses associated with adhesin and carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) functions. An evolutionary trajectory analysis on structurally characterized RHBH-containing proteins shows that they likely evolved from carbohydrate-binding proteins with their carbohydrate-degrading activities evolving later. By examining three polysaccharide lyase and three glycoside hydrolase structures, we provide a detailed view of the modes of glycan binding in RHBH proteins. The 3-dimensional shape of the RHBH creates an electrostatically and spatially favorable glycan binding surface that allows for extensive hydrogen bonding interactions, leading to favorable and stable glycan binding. The RHBH is observed to be an adaptable domain capable of being modified with loop insertions and charge inversions to accommodate heterogeneous and flexible glycans and diverse reaction mechanisms. Understanding this prevalent protein fold can advance our knowledge of glycan binding in biological systems and help guide the efficient design and utilization of RHBH-containing proteins in glycobiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A Burnim
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, Room 6N607, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 United States
| | - Keith Dufault-Thompson
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, Room 6N607, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 United States
| | - Xiaofang Jiang
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, Room 6N607, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894 United States
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3
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Echeverri D, Orozco J. Glycan-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Promising Tools for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:8533. [PMID: 36500624 PMCID: PMC9736010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-based electrochemical biosensors are emerging as analytical tools for determining multiple molecular targets relevant to diagnosing infectious diseases and detecting cancer biomarkers. These biosensors allow for the detection of target analytes at ultra-low concentrations, which is mandatory for early disease diagnosis. Nanostructure-decorated platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the analytical performance of electrochemical biosensors. In addition, glycans anchored to electrode platforms as bioreceptors exhibit high specificity toward biomarker detection. Both attributes offer a synergy that allows ultrasensitive detection of molecular targets of clinical interest. In this context, we review recent advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors for detecting infectious diseases and cancer biomarkers focused on colorectal cancer. We also describe general aspects of structural glycobiology, definitions, and classification of electrochemical biosensors and discuss relevant works on electrochemical glycobiosensors in the last ten years. Finally, we summarize the advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors and comment on some challenges and limitations needed to advance toward real clinical applications of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N°52–20, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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4
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Naini A, Bartetzko MP, Sanapala SR, Broecker F, Wirtz V, Lisboa MP, Parameswarappa SG, Knopp D, Przygodda J, Hakelberg M, Pan R, Patel A, Chorro L, Illenberger A, Ponce C, Kodali S, Lypowy J, Anderson AS, Donald RGK, von Bonin A, Pereira CL. Semisynthetic Glycoconjugate Vaccine Candidates against Escherichia coli O25B Induce Functional IgG Antibodies in Mice. JACS AU 2022; 2:2135-2151. [PMID: 36186572 PMCID: PMC9516715 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a major health concern due to emerging antibiotic resistance. Along with O1A, O2, and O6A, E. coli O25B is a major serotype within the ExPEC group, which expresses a unique O-antigen. Clinical studies with a glycoconjugate vaccine of the above-mentioned O-types revealed O25B as the least immunogenic component, inducing relatively weak IgG titers. To evaluate the immunological properties of semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine candidates against E. coli O25B, we here report the chemical synthesis of an initial set of five O25B glycan antigens differing in length, from one to three repeat units, and frameshifts of the repeat unit. The oligosaccharide antigens were conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197. The resulting semisynthetic glycoconjugates induced functional IgG antibodies in mice with opsonophagocytic activity against E. coli O25B. Three of the oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugates elicited functional IgGs in the same order of magnitude as a conventional CRM197 glycoconjugate prepared with native O25B O-antigen and therefore represent promising vaccine candidates for further investigation. Binding studies with two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed nanomolar anti-O25B IgG responses with nanomolar K D values and with varying binding epitopes. The immunogenicity and mAb binding data now allow for the rational design of additional synthetic antigens for future preclinical studies, with expected further improvements in the functional antibody responses. Moreover, acetylation of a rhamnose residue was shown to be likely dispensable for immunogenicity, as a deacylated antigen was able to elicit strong functional IgG responses. Our findings strongly support the feasibility of a semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine against E. coli O25B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Naini
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Peter Bartetzko
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Someswara Rao Sanapala
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Broecker
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victoria Wirtz
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marilda P. Lisboa
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Knopp
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Przygodda
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Hakelberg
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rosalind Pan
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Axay Patel
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Laurent Chorro
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Arthur Illenberger
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Christopher Ponce
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Srinivas Kodali
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Jacqueline Lypowy
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | | | - Robert G. K. Donald
- Pfizer
Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Arne von Bonin
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claney L. Pereira
- Vaxxilon
Deutschland GmbH, Part of Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Magnusstr. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Kaplonek P, Seeberger PH. Glycan Microarrays Containing Synthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae CPS Fragments and Their Application to Vaccine Development. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2460:193-206. [PMID: 34972938 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2148-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading source of life-endangering diseases like pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis, as well as a major cause of death in children under 5 years old in developing countries. At least 98 serotypes of S. pneumoniae can be distinguished based on their structurally distinct capsular polysaccharides (CPS). Currently available CPS-based pneumococcal vaccines contain serotypes most frequently associated with invasive pneumococcal diseases. The polysaccharides used in commercial conjugate-vaccines are isolated from bacteria cultures comprising many laborious and operationally challenging steps followed by depolymerization of long polysaccharides into small fragments and their conjugation to the carrier protein. The medicinal chemistry approach for glycoconjugate vaccine development offers an exciting alternative to CPS isolation for a broad range of different glycan antigens. Glycan arrays containing well-defined synthetic glycans of CPS fragments and repeating units are used as a platform for the high-throughput screening of various serum samples and identification of protective glycotopes for vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kaplonek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Stowell SR, Rodrigues LC, Dias-Baruffi M, Cummings RD, Arthur CM. Examining Galectin Binding Specificity Using Glycan Microarrays. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2442:151-168. [PMID: 35320525 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2055-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycan binding proteins (GBPs) possess the unique ability to regulate a wide variety of biological processes through interactions with highly modifiable cell surface glycans. While many studies demonstrate the impact of glycan modification on GBP recognition and activity, the relative contribution of subtle changes in glycan structure on GBP binding can be difficult to define. To overcome limitations in the analysis of GBP-glycan interactions, recent studies utilized glycan microarray platforms containing hundreds of structurally defined glycans. These studies not only provided important information regarding GBP-glycan interactions in general but have also resulted in significant insight into binding specificity and biological activity of the galectin family. We will describe the methods used when employing glycan microarray platforms to examine galectin-glycan binding specificity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lilian C Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicological and Bromatological, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Glycomics Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Tsouka A, Hoetzel K, Mende M, Heidepriem J, Paris G, Eickelmann S, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B, Loeffler FF. Probing Multivalent Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions With On-Chip Synthesized Glycopeptides Using Different Functionalized Surfaces. Front Chem 2021; 9:766932. [PMID: 34778215 PMCID: PMC8589469 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.766932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligand-protein interactions are a commonly employed approach by nature in many biological processes. Single glycan-protein interactions are often weak, but their affinity and specificity can be drastically enhanced by engaging multiple binding sites. Microarray technology allows for quick, parallel screening of such interactions. Yet, current glycan microarray methodologies usually neglect defined multivalent presentation. Our laser-based array technology allows for a flexible, cost-efficient, and rapid in situ chemical synthesis of peptide scaffolds directly on functionalized glass slides. Using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, different monomer sugar azides were attached to the scaffolds, resulting in spatially defined multivalent glycopeptides on the solid support. Studying their interaction with several different lectins showed that not only the spatially defined sugar presentation, but also the surface functionalization and wettability, as well as accessibility and flexibility, play an essential role in such interactions. Therefore, different commercially available functionalized glass slides were equipped with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to demonstrate its effect on glycan-lectin interactions. Moreover, different monomer sugar azides with and without an additional PEG-spacer were attached to the peptide scaffold to increase flexibility and thereby improve binding affinity. A variety of fluorescently labeled lectins were probed, indicating that different lectin-glycan pairs require different surface functionalization and spacers for enhanced binding. This approach allows for rapid screening and evaluation of spacing-, density-, ligand and surface-dependent parameters, to find optimal lectin binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsouka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kassandra Hoetzel
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grigori Paris
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of System Dynamics and Friction Physics, Institute of Mechanics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eickelmann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix F. Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Characterization of Sialic Acid Affinity of the Binding Domain of Mistletoe Lectin Isoform One. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158284. [PMID: 34361050 PMCID: PMC8348413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid (Sia) is considered as one of the most important biomolecules of life since its derivatives and terminal orientations on cell membranes and macromolecules play a major role in many biological and pathological processes. To date, there is only a limited number of active molecules that can selectively bind to Sia and this limitation has made the study of this glycan challenging. The lectin superfamily is a well-known family of glycan binding proteins, which encompasses many strong glycan binding peptides with diverse glycan affinities. Mistletoe lectin (ML) is considered one of the most active members of lectin family which was initially classified in early studies as a galactose binding lectin; more recent studies have suggested that the peptide can also actively bind to Sia. However, the details with respect to Sia binding of ML and the domain responsible for this binding are left unanswered because no comprehensive studies have been instigated. In this study, we sought to identify the binding domain responsible for the sialic acid affinity of mistletoe lectin isoform I (MLI) in comparison to the binding activity of elderberry lectin isoform I (SNA), which has long been identified as a potent Sia binding lectin. In order to execute this, we performed computational carbohydrate-protein docking for MLB and SNA with Neu5Ac and β-Galactose. We further analyzed the coding sequence of both lectins and identified their glycan binding domains, which were later cloned upstream and downstream to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the glycan affinity of the expressed fusion proteins was assessed by using different biochemical and cell-based assays and the Sia binding domains were identified.
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9
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Pimenta AI, Kilcoyne M, Bernardes N, Mil-Homens D, Joshi L, Fialho AM. Burkholderia cenocepacia BCAM2418-induced antibody inhibits bacterial adhesion, confers protection to infection and enables identification of host glycans as adhesin targets. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13340. [PMID: 33822465 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesins (TAA) found in Gram-negative bacteria play a key role in virulence. This is the case of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of related bacteria able to cause infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. These bacteria use TAAs, among other virulence factors, to bind to host protein receptors and their carbohydrate ligands. Blocking such contacts is an attractive approach to inhibit Bcc infections. In this study, using an antibody produced against the TAA BCAM2418 from the epidemic strain Burkholderia cenocepacia K56-2, we were able to uncover its roles as an adhesin and the type of host glycan structures that serve as recognition targets. The neutralisation of BCAM2418 was found to cause a reduction in the adhesion of the bacteria to bronchial cells and mucins. Moreover, in vivo studies have shown that the anti-BCAM2418 antibody exerted an inhibitory effect during infection in Galleria mellonella. Finally, inferred by glycan arrays, we were able to predict for the first time, host glycan epitopes for a TAA. We show that BCAM2418 favoured binding to 3'sialyl-3-fucosyllactose, histo-blood group A, α-(1,2)-linked Fuc-containing structures, Lewis structures and GM1 gangliosides. In addition, the glycan microarrays demonstrated similar specificities of Burkholderia species for their most intensely binding carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia I Pimenta
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michelle Kilcoyne
- Carbohydrate Signalling Group, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nuno Bernardes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dalila Mil-Homens
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Arsenio M Fialho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Mende M, Tsouka A, Heidepriem J, Paris G, Mattes DS, Eickelmann S, Bordoni V, Wawrzinek R, Fuchsberger FF, Seeberger PH, Rademacher C, Delbianco M, Mallagaray A, Loeffler FF. On-Chip Neo-Glycopeptide Synthesis for Multivalent Glycan Presentation. Chemistry 2020; 26:9954-9963. [PMID: 32315099 PMCID: PMC7496964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single glycan-protein interactions are often weak, such that glycan binding partners commonly utilize multiple, spatially defined binding sites to enhance binding avidity and specificity. Current array technologies usually neglect defined multivalent display. Laser-based array synthesis technology allows for flexible and rapid on-surface synthesis of different peptides. By combining this technique with click chemistry, neo-glycopeptides were produced directly on a functionalized glass slide in the microarray format. Density and spatial distribution of carbohydrates can be tuned, resulting in well-defined glycan structures for multivalent display. The two lectins concanavalin A and langerin were probed with different glycans on multivalent scaffolds, revealing strong spacing-, density-, and ligand-dependent binding. In addition, we could also measure the surface dissociation constant. This approach allows for a rapid generation, screening, and optimization of a multitude of multivalent scaffolds for glycan binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alexandra Tsouka
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Grigori Paris
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Daniela S. Mattes
- Institute of Microstructure TechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyHermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Stephan Eickelmann
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Vittorio Bordoni
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Felix F. Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimalle 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
| | - Alvaro Mallagaray
- Institut für Chemie und MetabolomicsUniversität zu LübeckRatzeburger Allee 16023562LübeckGermany
| | - Felix F. Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesAm Muehlenberg 114476PotsdamGermany
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11
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Kappler K, Hennet T. Emergence and significance of carbohydrate-specific antibodies. Genes Immun 2020; 21:224-239. [PMID: 32753697 PMCID: PMC7449879 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-020-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-specific antibodies are widespread among all classes of immunoglobulins. Despite their broad occurrence, little is known about their formation and biological significance. Carbohydrate-specific antibodies are often classified as natural antibodies under the assumption that they arise without prior exposure to exogenous antigens. On the other hand, various carbohydrate-specific antibodies, including antibodies to ABO blood group antigens, emerge after the contact of immune cells with the intestinal microbiota, which expresses a vast diversity of carbohydrate antigens. Here we explore the development of carbohydrate-specific antibodies in humans, addressing the definition of natural antibodies and the production of carbohydrate-specific antibodies upon antigen stimulation. We focus on the significance of the intestinal microbiota in shaping carbohydrate-specific antibodies not just in the gut, but also in the blood circulation. The structural similarity between bacterial carbohydrate antigens and surface glycoconjugates of protists, fungi and animals leads to the production of carbohydrate-specific antibodies protective against a broad range of pathogens. Mimicry between bacterial and human glycoconjugates, however, can also lead to the generation of carbohydrate-specific antibodies that cross-react with human antigens, thereby contributing to the development of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Yan M, Zhu Y, Liu X, Lasanajak Y, Xiong J, Lu J, Lin X, Ashline D, Reinhold V, Smith DF, Song X. Next-Generation Glycan Microarray Enabled by DNA-Coded Glycan Library and Next-Generation Sequencing Technology. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9221-9228. [PMID: 31187982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions of glycans with proteins, cells, and microorganisms play important roles in cell-cell adhesion and host-pathogen interaction. Glycan microarray technology, in which multiple glycan structures are immobilized on a single glass slide and interrogated with glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), has become an indispensable tool in the study of protein-glycan interactions. Despite its great success, the current format of the glycan microarray requires expensive, specialized instrumentation and labor-intensive assay and image processing procedures, which limit automation and possibilities for high-throughput analyses. Furthermore, the current microarray is not suitable for assaying interaction with intact cells due to their large size compared to the two-dimensional microarray surface. To address these limitations, we developed the next-generation glycan microarray (NGGM) based on artificial DNA coding of glycan structures. In this novel approach, a glycan library is presented as a mixture of glycans and glycoconjugates, each of which is coded with a unique oligonucleotide sequence (code). The glycan mixture is interrogated by GBPs followed by the separation of unbound coded glycans. The DNA sequences that identify individual bound glycans are quantitatively sequenced (decoded) by powerful next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, and copied numbers of the DNA codes represent relative binding specificities of corresponding glycan structures to GBPs. We demonstrate that NGGM generates glycan-GBP binding data that are consistent with that generated in a slide-based glycan microarray. More importantly, the solution phase binding assay is directly applicable to identifying glycan binding to intact cells, which is often challenging using glass slide-based glycan microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Ashline
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
| | - Vernon Reinhold
- College of Life Sciences and Agriculture , University of New Hampshire , Durham , New Hampshire 03824 , United States
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13
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Ruprecht C, Geissner A, Seeberger PH, Pfrengle F. Practical considerations for printing high-density glycan microarrays to study weak carbohydrate-protein interactions. Carbohydr Res 2019; 481:31-35. [PMID: 31228654 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of carbohydrates and proteins are essential for many biological processes and glycan microarrays have emerged as powerful tools to rapidly assess these carbohydrate-protein interactions. Diverse platforms to immobilize glycans on glass slides for subsequent probing of the specificities of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) have evolved. It has been suggested that high local glycan density on microarrays is crucial for detecting low-affinity interactions. To determine the influence of printing efficacy on GBP binding, we compared N-hydroxyl succinimide (NHS)-ester activated glass slides from three different manufacturers and evaluated two different printing buffers. Large differences in binding efficacies of Concanavalin A, peanut agglutinin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin 120 were observed. On some slides, low affinity interactions were missed altogether. Addition of polyethylenglycol (PEG) 400 to the printing buffer significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the binding assays. After monitoring printing efficacy over prolonged printing times, substantial effects resulting from progressing hydrolysis of the NHS-esters during the printing run on one type of slides were found. Printing efficiency of glycans strongly depends on the type of NHS-ester activated slides, the printing buffer, and the printing time. We provide practical advice for selecting the right printing conditions for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Mattes DS, Jung N, Weber LK, Bräse S, Breitling F. Miniaturized and Automated Synthesis of Biomolecules-Overview and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806656. [PMID: 31033052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is performed by reacting different chemical building blocks with defined stoichiometry, while meeting additional conditions, such as temperature and reaction time. Such a procedure is especially suited for automation and miniaturization. Life sciences lead the way to synthesizing millions of different oligonucleotides in extremely miniaturized reaction sites, e.g., pinpointing active genes in whole genomes, while chemistry advances different types of automation. Recent progress in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging could match miniaturized chemical synthesis with a powerful analytical tool to validate the outcome of many different synthesis pathways beyond applications in the life sciences. Thereby, due to the radical miniaturization of chemical synthesis, thousands of molecules can be synthesized. This in turn should allow ambitious research, e.g., finding novel synthesis routes or directly screening for photocatalysts. Herein, different technologies are discussed that might be involved in this endeavor. A special emphasis is given to the obstacles that need to be tackled when depositing tiny amounts of materials to many different extremely miniaturized reaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Mattes
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura K Weber
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breitling
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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15
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Lectins and ELLSA as powerful tools for glycoconjugate recognition analyses. Glycoconj J 2019; 36:175-183. [PMID: 30993518 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-019-09865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, in combination with our established enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay (ELLSA) and inhibition study, have been used as powerful tools in many glycoconjugate recognition studies. In this short review, we highlight the following: (i) The recognition profiles of Gal/GalNAc-specific lectins were updated and upgraded. (ii) Based on the cross-specificities of applied lectins, a new classification system was introduced. (iii) Applications of lectins for the detection and identification of N-glycan and/or Tn glycotope in glycoconjugates were intergraded. (iv) The polyvalency of the glycotopes in glycans was found to play a critical role in glycan-lectin recognition. This is an unexplored area of glycobiology and one of the most promising directions toward the coming glycoscience transformation.
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16
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Abstract
The intrinsic complexity of carbohydrate structures has hampered access to pure glycans and hence impeded progress in the glycosciences. Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) has facilitated the procurement of synthetic glycans, to be used in diagnostics, vaccine development, enzyme characterization and structure-function relationship studies. A general approach for obtaining complex glycans from mammalian, bacterial, fungal and plant classes provides molecular tools for glycobiology research. Recent advances in AGA technology pave the way for the production of novel carbohydrate materials. This perspective describes the state-of-the art of AGA and aspects of the technology where additional improvements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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17
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Geissner A, Reinhardt A, Rademacher C, Johannssen T, Monteiro J, Lepenies B, Thépaut M, Fieschi F, Mrázková J, Wimmerova M, Schuhmacher F, Götze S, Grünstein D, Guo X, Hahm HS, Kandasamy J, Leonori D, Martin CE, Parameswarappa SG, Pasari S, Schlegel MK, Tanaka H, Xiao G, Yang Y, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Microbe-focused glycan array screening platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1958-1967. [PMID: 30670663 PMCID: PMC6369816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800853116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between glycans and glycan binding proteins are essential for numerous processes in all kingdoms of life. Glycan microarrays are an excellent tool to examine protein-glycan interactions. Here, we present a microbe-focused glycan microarray platform based on oligosaccharides obtained by chemical synthesis. Glycans were generated by combining different carbohydrate synthesis approaches including automated glycan assembly, solution-phase synthesis, and chemoenzymatic methods. The current library of more than 300 glycans is as diverse as the mammalian glycan array from the Consortium for Functional Glycomics and, due to its microbial focus, highly complementary. This glycan platform is essential for the characterization of various classes of glycan binding proteins. Applications of this glycan array platform are highlighted by the characterization of innate immune receptors and bacterial virulence factors as well as the analysis of human humoral immunity to pathogenic glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo Johannssen
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - João Monteiro
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Immunology Unit and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Michel Thépaut
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Jana Mrázková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Wimmerova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Schuhmacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dan Grünstein
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeyakumar Kandasamy
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christopher E Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sandip Pasari
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mark K Schlegel
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - You Yang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany;
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Abstract
The varied landscape of the adaptive immune response is determined by the peptides presented by immune cells, derived from viral or microbial pathogens or cancerous cells. The study of immune biomarkers or antigens is not new, and classical methods such as agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or Western blotting have been used for many years to study the immune response to vaccination or disease. However, in many of these traditional techniques, protein or peptide identification has often been the bottleneck. Recent progress in genomics and mass spectrometry have led to many of the rapid advances in proteomics approaches. Immunoproteomics describes a rapidly growing collection of approaches that have the common goal of identifying and measuring antigenic peptides or proteins. This includes gel-based, array-based, mass spectrometry-based, DNA-based, or in silico approaches. Immunoproteomics is yielding an understanding of disease and disease progression, vaccine candidates, and biomarkers. This review gives an overview of immunoproteomics and closely related technologies that are used to define the full set of protein antigens targeted by the immune system during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Isabel Baltat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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19
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Improving vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae using synthetic glycans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13353-13358. [PMID: 30530654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811862115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a deadly disease in small children and the elderly even though conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines based on isolated capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are successful. The most common serotypes that cause infection are used in vaccines around the world, but differences in geographic and demographic serotype distribution compromises protection by leading vaccines. The medicinal chemistry approach to glycoconjugate vaccine development has helped to improve the stability and immunogenicity of synthetic vaccine candidates for several serotypes leading to the induction of higher levels of specific protective antibodies. Here, we show that marketed CPS-based glycoconjugate vaccines can be improved by adding synthetic glycoconjugates representing serotypes that are not covered by existing vaccines. Combination (coformulation) of synthetic glycoconjugates with the licensed vaccines Prevnar13 (13-valent) and Synflorix (10-valent) yields improved 15- and 13-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively, in rabbits. A pentavalent semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine containing five serotype antigens (sPCV5) elicits antibodies with strong in vitro opsonophagocytic activity. This study illustrates that synthetic oligosaccharides can be used in coformulation with both isolated polysaccharide glycoconjugates to expand protection from existing vaccines and each other to produce precisely defined multivalent conjugated vaccines.
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20
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Corfield AP. The Interaction of the Gut Microbiota with the Mucus Barrier in Health and Disease in Human. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6030078. [PMID: 30072673 PMCID: PMC6163557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are major players in the mucus protective barrier in the gastrointestinal and other mucosal surfaces. In particular the mucus glycoproteins, or mucins, are responsible for the protective gel barrier. They are characterized by their high carbohydrate content, present in their variable number, tandem repeat domains. Throughout evolution the mucins have been maintained as integral components of the mucosal barrier, emphasizing their essential biological status. The glycosylation of the mucins is achieved through a series of biosynthetic pathways processes, which generate the wide range of glycans found in these molecules. Thus mucins are decorated with molecules having information in the form of a glycocode. The enteric microbiota interacts with the mucosal mucus barrier in a variety of ways in order to fulfill its many normal processes. How bacteria read the glycocode and link to normal and pathological processes is outlined in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, Marlborough Street, Bristol BS2 8HW, UK.
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21
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Structural basis of mammalian glycan targeting by Vibrio cholerae cytolysin and biofilm proteins. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006841. [PMID: 29432487 PMCID: PMC5825169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic gram-negative microbe responsible for cholera, a pandemic disease causing life-threatening diarrheal outbreaks in populations with limited access to health care. Like most pathogenic bacteria, V. cholerae secretes virulence factors to assist colonization of human hosts, several of which bind carbohydrate receptors found on cell-surfaces. Understanding how pathogenic virulence proteins specifically target host cells is important for the development of treatment strategies to fight bacterial infections. Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a secreted pore-forming toxin with a carboxy-terminal β-prism domain that targets complex N-glycans found on mammalian cell-surface proteins. To investigate glycan selectivity, we studied the VCC β-prism domain and two additional β-prism domains found within the V. cholerae biofilm matrix protein RbmC. We show that the two RbmC β-prism domains target a similar repertoire of complex N-glycan receptors as VCC and find through binding and modeling studies that a branched pentasaccharide core (GlcNAc2-Man3) represents the likely footprint interacting with these domains. To understand the structural basis of V. cholerae β-prism selectivity, we solved high-resolution crystal structures of fragments of the pentasaccharide core bound to one RbmC β-prism domain and conducted mutagenesis experiments on the VCC toxin. Our results highlight a common strategy for cell-targeting utilized by both toxin and biofilm matrix proteins in Vibrio cholerae and provide a structural framework for understanding the specificity for individual receptors. Our results suggest that a common strategy for disrupting carbohydrate interactions could affect multiple virulence factors produced by V. cholerae, as well as similar β-prism domains found in other vibrio pathogens.
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22
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Schumann B, Hahm HS, Parameswarappa SG, Reppe K, Wahlbrink A, Govindan S, Kaplonek P, Pirofski LA, Witzenrath M, Anish C, Pereira CL, Seeberger PH. A semisynthetic Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8 glycoconjugate vaccine. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/380/eaaf5347. [PMID: 28275152 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) of pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae successfully protect from disease but suffer from incomplete coverage, are troublesome to manufacture from isolated CPSs, and lack efficacy against certain serotypes. Defined, synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to isolated CPSs but require the identification of immunogenic and protective oligosaccharide antigens. We describe a medicinal chemistry strategy based on a combination of automated glycan assembly (AGA), glycan microarray-based monoclonal antibody (mAb) reverse engineering, and immunological evaluation in vivo to uncover a protective glycan epitope (glycotope) for S. pneumoniae serotype 8 (ST8). All four tetrasaccharide frameshifts of ST8 CPS were prepared by AGA and used in glycan microarray experiments to identify the glycotopes recognized by antibodies against ST8. One tetrasaccharide frameshift that was preferentially recognized by a protective, CPS-directed mAb was conjugated to the carrier protein CRM197. Immunization of mice with this semisynthetic glycoconjugate followed by generation and characterization of a protective mAb identified protective and nonprotective glycotopes. Immunization of rabbits with semisynthetic ST8 glycoconjugates containing protective glycotopes induced an antibacterial immune response. Coformulation of ST8 glycoconjugates with the marketed 13-valent glycoconjugate vaccine Prevnar 13 yielded a potent 14-valent S. pneumoniae vaccine. Our strategy presents a facile approach to develop efficient semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schumann
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heung Sik Hahm
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katrin Reppe
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Wahlbrink
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Subramanian Govindan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paulina Kaplonek
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany. .,Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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23
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Broecker F, Seeberger PH. Identification and Design of Synthetic B Cell Epitopes for Carbohydrate-Based Vaccines. Methods Enzymol 2017; 597:311-334. [PMID: 28935109 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligosaccharide-based vaccines are promising alternatives to conventional antibacterial carbohydrate vaccines prepared with isolated polysaccharides. Unlike polysaccharides, synthetic glycans are well defined, contaminant-free, and accessible even for pathogens that cannot be fermented or show limited carbohydrate biosynthesis in vitro. However, identifying synthetic glycan B cell epitopes that induce protective immunity has traditionally been a time-consuming trial-and-error process, as predicting the immunogenicity of an oligosaccharide by means of structure alone is not straightforward. We here describe how synthetic oligosaccharide epitopes for candidate vaccines can be rationally identified prior to preclinical immunogenicity studies. Epitopes are selected on the basis of their recognition by antibodies associated with protection from disease in humans or small animals. In addition, we show how murine antibody responses to a large oligosaccharide can inform the identification of a minimal B cell epitope that may help designing easy to synthesize vaccine candidates. The procedures, exemplified with a surface carbohydrate of Clostridium difficile, may serve as a guideline for selecting protective oligosaccharide epitopes for vaccines against infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Baek SJ, Best MD. A Boronic Acid Assay for the Detection of Mucin-1 Glycoprotein from Cancer Cells. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1578-1582. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tennessee; 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Tennessee; 2407 River Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction; College of Veterinary Medicine and; Research Institute for Veterinary Science; Seoul National University; Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Michael D. Best
- Department of Chemistry; University of Tennessee; 1420 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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25
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Weishaupt MW, Hahm HS, Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Automated glycan assembly of branched β-(1,3)-glucans to identify antibody epitopes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3591-3594. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00520b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the iterative automated glycan assembly (AGA) and glycan array characterization of conjugation-ready linear and branched β-(1,3)-glucans, a heterogeneous class of carbohydrates with immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - H. S. Hahm
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - A. Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - P. H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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26
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Hahm HS, Broecker F, Kawasaki F, Mietzsch M, Heilbronn R, Fukuda M, Seeberger PH. Automated Glycan Assembly of Oligo-N-Acetyllactosamine and Keratan Sulfate Probes to Study Virus-Glycan Interactions. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Structurally diverse glycans are expressed by all animate beings and exert diverse biological functions through specific interactions with glycan binding proteins (GBPs). In humans, glycan-GBP interactions are implicated in many disease-relevant processes in development, infection and immune response to bacterial and viral pathogens. Recent progress in chemical synthesis, including automated glycan assembly, has facilitated access to complex glycans that cannot be isolated from biological material. Glycan immobilization on microarrays allows rapid, multiplexed glycan-GBP interaction studies to reveal biological functions. Synthetic glycan microarrays have enabled, for instance, the identification of glycan ligands for lectins, the definition of vaccine antigens, revealed viral glycan receptors and can serve as diagnostic tools for human disease. Here, we describe the methods to fabricate custom glycan microarrays that are used to examine glycan-GBP binding specificities. Conjugation-ready synthetic glycans are covalently attached to microarray surfaces through nucleophilic linker moieties. Microarrays are incubated with GBPs, and binding events are quantitatively detected by fluorescent signals. These methods are readily adaptable to a multitude of purposes from basic research to biomedical applications.
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28
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Tan A, Atack JM, Jennings MP, Seib KL. The Capricious Nature of Bacterial Pathogens: Phasevarions and Vaccine Development. Front Immunol 2016; 7:586. [PMID: 28018352 PMCID: PMC5149525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and vaccines are one of the most successful and cost-effective tools for disease prevention. One of the key considerations for rational vaccine development is the selection of appropriate antigens. Antigens must induce a protective immune response, and this response should be directed to stably expressed antigens so the target microbe can always be recognized by the immune system. Antigens with variable expression, due to environmental signals or phase variation (i.e., high frequency, random switching of expression), are not ideal vaccine candidates because variable expression could lead to immune evasion. Phase variation is often mediated by the presence of highly mutagenic simple tandem DNA repeats, and genes containing such sequences can be easily identified, and their use as vaccine antigens reconsidered. Recent research has identified phase variably expressed DNA methyltransferases that act as global epigenetic regulators. These phase-variable regulons, known as phasevarions, are associated with altered virulence phenotypes and/or expression of vaccine candidates. As such, genes encoding candidate vaccine antigens that have no obvious mechanism of phase variation may be subject to indirect, epigenetic control as part of a phasevarion. Bioinformatic and experimental studies are required to elucidate the distribution and mechanism of action of these DNA methyltransferases, and most importantly, whether they mediate epigenetic regulation of potential and current vaccine candidates. This process is essential to define the stably expressed antigen target profile of bacterial pathogens and thereby facilitate efficient, rational selection of vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Tan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
| | - Michael P Jennings
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
| | - Kate L Seib
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
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29
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Whole-Cell Cancer Vaccines Induce Large Antibody Responses to Carbohydrates and Glycoproteins. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1515-1525. [PMID: 27889407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell cancer vaccines are a promising strategy for treating cancer, but the characteristics of a favorable immune response are not fully understood. New insights could enable development of better vaccines, discovery of new antigens, and identification of biomarkers of efficacy. Using glyco-antigen microarrays, we demonstrate that GVAX Pancreas (a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-modified whole-cell tumor vaccine) induces large immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M responses to many antigens, including tumor-associated carbohydrates, blood group antigens, α-Gal, and bovine fetuin. Antibody responses to α-Gal, a glycan found in fetal bovine serum (FBS) used to produce the vaccine, correlated inversely with overall survival and appear to compete with productive responses to the vaccine. H1299 lysate vaccine, produced with FBS, also induced responses to α-Gal and fetuin but not K562-GM, which is produced in serum-free medium. Our results provide new potential biomarkers to evaluate productive/unproductive immune responses and suggest that removal/reduction of FBS could improve the efficacy of whole-cell vaccines.
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30
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Parameswarappa SG, Reppe K, Geissner A, Ménová P, Govindan S, Calow ADJ, Wahlbrink A, Weishaupt MW, Monnanda BP, Bell RL, Pirofski LA, Suttorp N, Sander LE, Witzenrath M, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. A Semi-synthetic Oligosaccharide Conjugate Vaccine Candidate Confers Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 Infection. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1407-1416. [PMID: 27818299 PMCID: PMC5234679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of immunogenic glycotopes that render glycoconjugate vaccines protective is key to improving vaccine efficacy. Synthetic oligosaccharides are an attractive alternative to the heterogeneous preparations of purified polysaccharides that most marketed glycoconjugate vaccines are based on. To investigate the potency of semi-synthetic glycoconjugates, we chose the least-efficient serotype in the current pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevnar 13, Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (ST3). Glycan arrays containing synthetic ST3 repeating unit oligosaccharides were used to screen a human reference serum for antibodies and to define the recognition site of two ST3-specific protective monoclonal antibodies. The glycan array screens identified a tetrasaccharide that was selected for in-depth immunological evaluation. The tetrasaccharide-CRM197 carrier protein conjugate elicited protective immunity as evidenced by opsonophagocytosis assays and protection against pneumonia caused by ST3 in mice. Formulation of the defined protective lead candidate glycotope has to be further evaluated to elicit optimal long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrin Reppe
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Subramanian Govindan
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Adam D J Calow
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Wahlbrink
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus W Weishaupt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bopanna Ponnappa Monnanda
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Lawrence Bell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claney Lebev Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Exploring human glycosylation for better therapies. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:125-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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32
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Broecker F, Martin CE, Wegner E, Mattner J, Baek JY, Pereira CL, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Synthetic Lipoteichoic Acid Glycans Are Potential Vaccine Candidates to Protect from Clostridium difficile Infections. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1014-1022. [PMID: 27524293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Clostridium difficile increasingly cause morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bacterial surface glycans including lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were identified as auspicious vaccine antigens to prevent colonization. Here, we report on the potential of synthetic LTA glycans as vaccine candidates. We identified LTA-specific antibodies in the blood of C. difficile patients. Therefore, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a semi-synthetic LTA-CRM197 glycoconjugate. The conjugate elicited LTA-specific antibodies in mice that recognized natural LTA epitopes on the surface of C. difficile bacteria and inhibited intestinal colonization of C. difficile in mice in vivo. Our findings underscore the promise of synthetic LTA glycans as C. difficile vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Broecker
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher E Martin
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik Wegner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut ? Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut ? Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ju Yuel Baek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Claney L Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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33
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Abstract
The recent article “Lectin-Glycan Interaction Network-Based Identification of Host Receptors of Microbial Pathogenic Adhesins” by Ielasi et al. describes a new development in microbial carbohydrate analysis [Ielasi FS, Alioscha-Perez M, Donohue D, Claes S, Sahli H, Schols D, Willaert RG, mBio 7(4):e00584-16, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00584-16]. Specific carbohydrate ligands have been identified from the patterns of lectin binding to oligosaccharides printed on a chip. The new technique links the output to a comprehensive glycan database and offers a number of data visualization options. The graphs highlight the occurrence of potential ligands, organized by organism, tissue, and patterns of association with disease states. The analysis has successfully predicted novel glycoprotein ligands for microbial lectins, including an interaction of E. coli FimH with HIV gp120.
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34
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ABO blood type correlates with survival on prostate cancer vaccine therapy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32244-56. [PMID: 26338967 PMCID: PMC4741674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies for cancer are transforming patient care, but clinical responses vary considerably from patient to patient. Simple, inexpensive strategies to target treatment to likely responders could substantially improve efficacy while simultaneously reducing health care costs, but identification of reliable biomarkers has proven challenging. Previously, we found that pre-treatment serum IgM to blood group A (BG-A) correlated with survival for patients treated with PROSTVAC-VF, a therapeutic cancer vaccine in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of prostate cancer. These results suggested that ABO blood type might influence efficacy. Unfortunately, blood types were not available in the clinical records for all but 8 patients and insufficient amounts of sera were left for standard blood typing methods. To test the hypothesis, therefore, we developed a new glycan microarray-based method for determining ABO blood type. The method requires only 4 μL of serum, provides 97% accuracy, and allows simultaneous profiling of many other serum anti-glycan antibodies. After validation with 220 healthy subjects of known blood type, the method was then applied to 74 PROSTVAC-VF patients and 37 control patients from a phase II trial. In this retrospective study, we found that type B and O PROSTVAC-VF patients demonstrated markedly improved clinical outcomes relative to A and AB patients, including longer median survival, longer median survival relative to Halabi predicted survival, and improved overall survival via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p = 0.006). Consequently, blood type may provide an inexpensive screen to pre-select patients likely to benefit from PROSTVAC-VF therapy.
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35
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Grant OC, Tessier MB, Meche L, Mahal LK, Foley BL, Woods RJ. Combining 3D structure with glycan array data provides insight into the origin of glycan specificity. Glycobiology 2016; 26:772-783. [PMID: 26911287 PMCID: PMC4976521 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining how a glycan-binding protein (GBP) specifically selects its cognate glycan from among the ensemble of glycans within the cellular glycome is an area of intense study. Powerful insight into recognition mechanisms can be gained from 3D structures of GBPs complexed to glycans; however, such structures remain difficult to obtain experimentally. Here an automated 3D structure generation technique, called computational carbohydrate grafting, is combined with the wealth of specificity information available from glycan array screening. Integration of the array data with modeling and crystallography allows generation of putative co-complex structures that can be objectively assessed and iteratively altered until a high level of agreement with experiment is achieved. Given an accurate model of the co-complexes, grafting is also able to discern which binding determinants are active when multiple potential determinants are present within a glycan. In some cases, induced fit in the protein or glycan was necessary to explain the observed specificity, while in other examples a revised definition of the minimal binding determinants was required. When applied to a collection of 10 GBP-glycan complexes, for which crystallographic and array data have been reported, grafting provided a structural rationalization for the binding specificity of >90% of 1223 arrayed glycans. A webtool that enables researchers to perform computational carbohydrate grafting is available at www.glycam.org/gr (accessed 03 March 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Grant
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B Tessier
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lawrence Meche
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lara K Mahal
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Bethany L Foley
- New York University Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Chemistry Institute, 100 Washington Square East, Room 1001, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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36
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Geissner A, Seeberger PH. Glycan Arrays: From Basic Biochemical Research to Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:223-47. [PMID: 27306309 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A major branch of glycobiology and glycan-focused biomedicine studies the interaction between carbohydrates and other biopolymers, most importantly, glycan-binding proteins. Today, this research into glycan-biopolymer interaction is unthinkable without glycan arrays, tools that enable high-throughput analysis of carbohydrate interaction partners. Glycan arrays offer many applications in basic biochemical research, for example, defining the specificity of glycosyltransferases and lectins such as immune receptors. Biomedical applications include the characterization and surveillance of influenza strains, identification of biomarkers for cancer and infection, and profiling of immune responses to vaccines. Here, we review major applications of glycan arrays both in basic and applied research. Given the dynamic nature of this rapidly developing field, we focus on recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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37
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Hushegyi A, Pihíková D, Bertok T, Adam V, Kizek R, Tkac J. Ultrasensitive detection of influenza viruses with a glycan-based impedimetric biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 79:644-9. [PMID: 26765527 PMCID: PMC4883649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive impedimetric glycan-based biosensor for reliable and selective detection of inactivated, but intact influenza viruses H3N2 was developed. Such glycan-based approach has a distinct advantage over antibody-based detection of influenza viruses since glycans are natural viral receptors with a possibility to selectively distinguish between potentially pathogenic influenza subtypes by the glycan-based biosensors. Build-up of the biosensor was carefully optimized with atomic force microscopy applied for visualization of the biosensor surface after binding of viruses with the topology of an individual viral particle H3N2 analyzed. The glycan biosensor could detect a glycan binding lectin with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 aM. The biosensor was finally applied for analysis of influenza viruses H3N2 with LOD of 13 viral particles in 1 μl, what is the lowest LOD for analysis of influenza viral particles by the glycan-based device achieved so far. The biosensor could detect H3N2 viruses selectively with a sensitivity ratio of 30 over influenza viruses H7N7. The impedimetric biosensor presented here is the most sensitive glycan-based device for detection of influenza viruses and among the most sensitive antibody or aptamer based biosensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Hushegyi
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Pihíková
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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38
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Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions: How Synthetic Chemistry Enables Insights into Nanometric Recognition. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050629. [PMID: 27187342 PMCID: PMC6274006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is intimately involved in many aspects of cell physiology. However, the factors explaining the exquisite selectivity of their functional pairing are not yet fully understood. Studies toward this aim will also help appraise the potential for lectin-directed drug design. With the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as therapeutic targets, the strategy to recruit synthetic chemistry to systematically elucidate structure-activity relationships is outlined, from monovalent compounds to glyco-clusters and glycodendrimers to biomimetic surfaces. The versatility of the synthetic procedures enables to take examining structural and spatial parameters, alone and in combination, to its limits, for example with the aim to produce inhibitors for distinct galectin(s) that exhibit minimal reactivity to other members of this group. Shaping spatial architectures similar to glycoconjugate aggregates, microdomains or vesicles provides attractive tools to disclose the often still hidden significance of nanometric aspects of the different modes of lectin design (sequence divergence at the lectin site, differences of spatial type of lectin-site presentation). Of note, testing the effectors alone or in combination simulating (patho)physiological conditions, is sure to bring about new insights into the cooperation between lectins and the regulation of their activity.
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Geissner A, Pereira CL, Leddermann M, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Deciphering Antigenic Determinants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 4 Capsular Polysaccharide using Synthetic Oligosaccharides. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:335-44. [PMID: 26674834 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. More than 90 S. pneumoniae serotypes are distinguished based on the structure of their primary targets to the human immune system, the capsular polysaccharides (CPSs). The CPS of the prevalent serotype 4 (ST4) is composed of tetrasaccharide repeating units and is included in existing pneumococcal vaccines. Still, the structural antigenic determinants that are essential for protective immunity, including the role of the rare and labile cyclic trans-(2,3) pyruvate ketal modification, remain largely unknown. Molecular insights will support the design of synthetic subunit oligosaccharide vaccines. Here, we identified the key antigenic determinants of ST4 CPS with the help of pyruvated and nonpyruvated synthetic repeating unit glycans. Glycan arrays revealed oligosaccharide antigens recognized by antibodies in the human reference serum. Selected depyruvated ST4 oligosaccharides were used to formulate neoglycoconjugates and immunologically evaluated in mice. These oligosaccharides were highly immunogenic, but the resulting antiglycan antibodies showed only limited binding to the natural CPS present on the bacterial surface. Glycan array and surface plasmon resonance analysis of murine polyclonal serum antibodies as well as monoclonal antibodies revealed that terminal sugars are important in directing the immune responses. The pyruvate modification on the oligosaccharide is needed for cross-reactivity with the native CPS. These findings are an important step toward the design of oligosaccharide-based vaccines against S. pneumoniae ST4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claney L. Pereira
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Melanie Leddermann
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Diderrich R, Kock M, Maestre-Reyna M, Keller P, Steuber H, Rupp S, Essen LO, Mösch HU. Structural Hot Spots Determine Functional Diversity of the Candida glabrata Epithelial Adhesin Family. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19597-613. [PMID: 26105055 PMCID: PMC4528126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.655654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For host colonization, the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is known to utilize a large family of highly related surface-exposed cell wall proteins, the lectin-like epithelial adhesins (Epas). To reveal the structure-function relationships within the entire Epa family, we have performed a large scale functional analysis of the adhesion (A) domains of 17 Epa paralogs in combination with three-dimensional structural studies of selected members with cognate ligands. Our study shows that most EpaA domains exert lectin-like functions and together recognize a wide variety of glycans with terminal galactosides for conferring epithelial cell adhesion. We further identify several conserved and variable structural features within the diverse Epa ligand binding pockets, which affect affinity and specificity. These features rationalize why mere phylogenetic relationships within the Epa family are weak indicators for functional classification and explain how Epa-like adhesins have evolved in C. glabrata and related fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Kock
- Biochemistry, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Petra Keller
- the Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen und Bioverfahrenstechnik, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and
| | - Holger Steuber
- Biochemistry, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Rupp
- the Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen und Bioverfahrenstechnik, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and the Institut für Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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41
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Belardi B, Bertozzi CR. Chemical Lectinology: Tools for Probing the Ligands and Dynamics of Mammalian Lectins In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:983-93. [PMID: 26256477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance and complexity associated with the totality of glycan structures, i.e. the glycome, has garnered significant attention from chemists and biologists alike. However, what is lacking from this biochemical picture is how cells, tissues, and organisms interpret glycan patterns and translate this information into appropriate responses. Lectins, glycan-binding proteins, are thought to bridge this gap by decoding the glycome and dictating cell fate based on the underlying chemical identities and properties of the glycome. Yet, our understanding of the in vivo ligands and function for most lectins is still incomplete. This review focuses on recent advances in chemical tools to study the specificity and dynamics of mammalian lectins in live cells. A picture emerges of lectin function that is highly sensitive to its organization, which in turn drastically shapes immunity and cancer progression. We hope this review will inspire biologists to make use of these new techniques and stimulate chemists to continue developing innovative approaches to probe lectin biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Belardi
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4401, USA.
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42
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Pereira CL, Geissner A, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Synthetische Oligosaccharide belegen die immunologische Bedeutung der Pyruvatmodifikation im Kapselpolysaccharid von Serotyp 4Streptococcus pneumoniae. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pereira CL, Geissner A, Anish C, Seeberger PH. Chemical Synthesis Elucidates the Immunological Importance of a Pyruvate Modification in the Capsular Polysaccharide of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Serotype 4. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claney L. Pereira
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany) http://www.mpikg.mpg.de/en/bs
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany) http://www.mpikg.mpg.de/en/bs
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Chakkumkal Anish
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany) http://www.mpikg.mpg.de/en/bs
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany) http://www.mpikg.mpg.de/en/bs
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
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44
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Bertok T, Šedivá A, Filip J, Ilcikova M, Kasak P, Velic D, Jane E, Mravcová M, Rovenský J, Kunzo P, Lobotka P, Šmatko V, Vikartovská A, Tkac J. Carboxybetaine Modified Interface for Electrochemical Glycoprofiling of Antibodies Isolated from Human Serum. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:7148-57. [PMID: 26048139 PMCID: PMC4489201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Impedimetric lectin biosensors capable of recognizing two different carbohydrates (galactose and sialic acid) in glycans attached to antibodies isolated from human serum were prepared. The first step entailed the modification of a gold surface by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposited from a solution containing a carboxybetaine-terminated thiol applied to the subsequent covalent immobilization of lectins and to resist nonspecific protein adsorption. In the next step, Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA) or Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) was covalently attached to the SAM, and the whole process of building a bioreceptive layer was optimized and characterized using a diverse range of techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, quartz crystal microbalance, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential assays, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. In addition, the application of the SNA-based lectin biosensor in the glycoprofiling of antibodies isolated from the human sera of healthy individuals and of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was successfully validated using an SNA-based lectin microarray. The results showed that the SNA lectin, in particular, is capable of discriminating between the antibodies isolated from healthy individuals and those from RA patients based on changes in the amount of sialic acid present in the antibodies. In addition, the results obtained by the application of RCA and SNA biosensors indicate that the abundance of galactose and sialic acid in antibodies isolated from healthy individuals is age-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bertok
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Alena Šedivá
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Marketa Ilcikova
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Dusan Velic
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, Bratislava, 842 15, Slovak Republic
- International
Laser Centre, Ilkovičova
3, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Eduard Jane
- International
Laser Centre, Ilkovičova
3, Bratislava 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Mravcová
- Laboratory
of Human Endocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlarska 3, Bratislava, 833 06, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Rovenský
- National
Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Nábrežie I. Krasku 4, 921 12 Piešt’any, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Kunzo
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Lobotka
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Vasilij Šmatko
- Department
of Sensors and Detectors, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovak Republic
| | - Alica Vikartovská
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department
of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
- Tel.: +421 2 5941 0263. E-mail:
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45
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Götze S, Reinhardt A, Geissner A, Azzouz N, Tsai YH, Kurucz R, Varón Silva D, Seeberger PH. Investigation of the protective properties of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-based vaccine candidates in a Toxoplasma gondii mouse challenge model. Glycobiology 2015; 25:984-91. [PMID: 26044798 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against the ubiquitous parasite Toxoplasma gondii would provide the most efficient prevention against toxoplasmosis-related congenital, brain and eye diseases in humans. We investigated the immune response elicited by pathogen-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) glycoconjugates using carbohydrate microarrays in a BALB/c mouse model. We further examined the protective properties of the glycoconjugates in a lethal challenge model using the virulent T. gondii RH strain. Upon immunization, mice raised antibodies that bind to the respective GPIs on carbohydrate microarrays, but were mainly directed against an unspecific GPI epitope including the linker. The observed immune response, though robust, was unable to provide protection in mice when challenged with a lethal dose of viable tachyzoites. We demonstrate that anti-GPI antibodies raised against the here described semi-synthetic glycoconjugates do not confer protective immunity against T. gondii in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Reinhardt
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Geissner
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Azzouz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reka Kurucz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Hushegyi A, Bertok T, Damborsky P, Katrlik J, Tkac J. An ultrasensitive impedimetric glycan biosensor with controlled glycan density for detection of lectins and influenza hemagglutinins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:7474-7. [PMID: 25828081 PMCID: PMC4883646 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00922g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An impedimetric glycan biosensor with optimised glycan density was applied for the detection of lectins and influenza hemagglutinins down to attomolar concentrations (aM).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hushegyi
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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47
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Paleček E, Tkáč J, Bartošík M, Bertók T, Ostatná V, Paleček J. Electrochemistry of nonconjugated proteins and glycoproteins. Toward sensors for biomedicine and glycomics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2045-108. [PMID: 25659975 PMCID: PMC4360380 DOI: 10.1021/cr500279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Paleček
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tkáč
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Bartošík
- Regional
Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk
Memorial Cancer Institute, Žlutý kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bertók
- Institute
of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Ostatná
- Institute
of Biophysics Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Královopolská
135, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Paleček
- Central
European Institute of Technology, Masaryk
University, Kamenice
5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Ananikov VP, Khokhlova EA, Egorov MP, Sakharov AM, Zlotin SG, Kucherov AV, Kustov LM, Gening ML, Nifantiev NE. Organic and hybrid molecular systems. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Matthies S, Stallforth P, Seeberger PH. Total synthesis of legionaminic acid as basis for serological studies. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2848-51. [PMID: 25668389 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Legionaminic acid is a nine-carbon diamino monosaccharide that is found coating the surface of various bacterial human pathogens. Its unique structure makes it a valuable biological probe, but access via isolation is difficult and no practical synthesis has been reported. We describe a stereoselective synthesis that yields a legionaminic acid building block as well as linker-equipped conjugation-ready legionaminic acid starting from cheap d-threonine. To set the desired amino and hydroxyl group pattern of the target, we designed a concise sequence of stereoselective reactions. The key transformations rely on chelation-controlled organometallic additions and a Petasis multicomponent reaction. The legionaminic acid was synthesized in a form that enables attachment to surfaces. Glycan microarray containing legionaminic acid revealed that human antibodies bind the synthetic glycoside. The synthetic bacterial monosaccharide is a valuable probe to detect an immune response to bacterial pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Matthies
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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50
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Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens are important targets for the immune system, but identification of key glycan antigens is challenging. Direct analysis of glycomes by mass spectrometry is difficult, and detection reagents, such as monoclonal antibodies and lectins, are only available for a small subset of glycans. An alternative approach involves profiling serum anti-glycan antibody populations to identify unique antibodies or changes in antibody subpopulations. Glycan microarray technology allows rapid evaluation of hundreds to thousands of antigen-antibody interactions in a single experiment. This high-throughput format is particularly useful in profiling complex anti-glycan antibodies in serum. Here we elaborate the use of this technology to explore clinically relevant carbohydrate antigens by profiling serum anti-glycan antibodies. Detailed protocols from glycan microarray fabrication to microarray binding assays and analysis of microarray data are presented.
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