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de Oliveira Santos AD, do Nascimento MTL, da Silva de Freitas A, Gomes de Carvalho D, Bila DM, Hauser-Davis RA, Monteiro da Fonseca E, Baptista Neto JA. The evolution of endocrine disruptor chemical assessments worldwide in the last three decades. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115727. [PMID: 37918146 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) encompass a wide variety of substances capable of interfering with the endocrine system, including but not limited to bisphenol A, organochlorines, polybrominated flame retardants, alkylphenols and phthalates. These compounds are widely produced and used in everyday modern life and have increasingly been detected in aquatic matrices worldwide. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a literature review to assess the evolution of EDCs detected in different matrices in the last thirty years. A bibliometric analysis was conducted at the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Data were evaluated using the Vosviewer 1.6.17 software. A total of 3951 articles in English were retrieved following filtering. The results demonstrate a gradual and significant growth in the number of published documents, strongly associated with the increasing knowledge on the real environmental impacts of these compounds. Studied were mostly conducted by developed countries in the first two decades, 1993 to 2012, but in the last decade (2013 to 2022), an exponential leap in the number of publications by countries such as China and an advance in research by developing countries, such as Brazil, was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dalva de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Teresa Lima do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alex da Silva de Freitas
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diego Gomes de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e do Meio Ambiente, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estefan Monteiro da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Laboratório de Geologia Marinha/LAGEMAR, Departmento de Geologia e Geofísica, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Donaher SE, Dunn RP, Gonzales AK, Wattier BD, Powell BA, Martinez NE. Tissue-Specific Toxicokinetics of Aqueous Radium-226 in an Estuarine Mussel, Geukensia demissa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3187-3197. [PMID: 36799656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiological contamination of coastal habitats poses potential risk for native fauna, but the bioavailability of aqueous radium (Ra) and other dissolved metals to marine bivalves remains unclear. This study was the first to examine the tissue-specific disposition of aqueous 226Ra in a coastal mussel, specifically the Atlantic ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa. Most organ groups reached steady-state concentrations within 7 days during experimental exposure, with an average uptake rate constant of 0.0013 mL g-1 d-1. When moved to Ra-free synthetic seawater, mussels rapidly eliminated aqueous 226Ra (average elimination rate constant 1.56 d-1). The biological half-life for aqueous 226Ra ranged from 8.9 h for the gills and labial palps to 15.4 h for the muscle. Although previous field studies have demonstrated notable 226Ra accumulation in the soft tissues of marine mussels and that, for freshwater mussels, tissue-incorporated 226Ra derives primarily from the aqueous phase, our tissue-specific bioconcentration factors (BCFs) were on the order of (8.3 ± 1.5) × 10-4 indicating low accumulation potential of aqueous 226Ra in estuarine mussels. This suggests marine and estuarine mussels obtain 226Ra from an alternate route, such as particulate-sorbed Ra ingested during filter-feeding or from a contaminated food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Donaher
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Robert P Dunn
- North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Reserve, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
- Baruch Marine Field Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Georgetown, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Annelise K Gonzales
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Bryanna D Wattier
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
| | - Brian A Powell
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
- Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Nicole E Martinez
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina 29625, United States
- Center for Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management (NEESRWM), Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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Wang T, Kong H, Shang Y, Dupont S, Peng J, Wang X, Deng Y, Peng J, Hu M, Wang Y. Ocean acidification but not hypoxia alters the gonad performance in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112282. [PMID: 33780757 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and hypoxia have become increasingly severe in coastal areas, and their co-occurrence poses emerging threats to coastal ecosystems. Here, we investigated the combined effects of ocean acidification and hypoxia on the reproductive capacity of the thick-shelled mussel Mytilus coruscus. Our results demonstrated low pH but not low oxygen induced decreased gonadosomatic index (GSI) in mussels. Male mussels had a lower level of sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, and progesterone) when kept at low pH. Expression of genes related to reproduction were also impacted by low pH with a downregulation of genes involved in gonad development in males (β-catenin and Wnt-7b involved in males) and an upregulation of testosterone synthesis inhibition-related gene (Wnt-4) in females. Overall, our results suggest that ocean acidification has an impact on the gonadal development through an alternation of gene expression and level of steroids while hypoxia had no significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hui Kong
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinxia Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Fields PA, Eraso A. A year in the salt marsh: Seasonal changes in gill protein expression in the temperate intertidal mussel Geukensia demissa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105088. [PMID: 32798780 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organisms living in temperate and polar regions experience extensive seasonal changes in the physical and biotic environment, including temperature, insolation, and food availability, among other factors. Sessile intertidal organisms respond to such seasonal fluctuations largely through physiological and biochemical means, because their behavioral responses are severely limited. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to examine changes in seasonal protein expression of gill from the intertidal mussel Geukensia demissa, a keystone species of the western Atlantic salt marsh, over the course of one year. Gill tissue of mussels collected in summer had the greatest number of proteins significantly increased in abundance (37 of 592 spots detected on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels), although autumn mussels revealed a comparable proportion of up-regulated proteins (31 spots). In contrast, the number of proteins changing in abundance in winter and spring mussels were substantially smaller (15 and 9, respectively). Identification of these proteins revealed both expected and unanticipated changes to the proteome. Maintenance of gill cilia dominates in the summer when filter-feeding is most active, as evidenced by cytoskeletal proteins such as tektin-4 and tubulin isoforms; a signal of protection from heat stress is also present in summer (e.g., heat shock cognate 70). In autumn oxidative stress protection (peroxiredoxin-5 and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase) and aerobic ATP synthetic capacity (ATP synthase subunits a and delta) appear to increase. In winter a signal of cold-induced oxidative stress is apparent (Mn-SOD and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase), perhaps in association with heavy metal toxicity and exposure to pathogens. Gill tissue from spring shows relatively little environmental acclimatization, other than a possible increase in protein synthesis capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Fields
- Biology Department, PO Box 3003, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA, 17604.
| | - Ariel Eraso
- Biology Department, PO Box 3003, Franklin & Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA, 17604; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1945 Colorado Avenue, Denver, CO, 80309, USA
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do Nascimento MTL, Santos ADDO, Felix LC, Gomes G, de Oliveira E Sá M, da Cunha DL, Vieira N, Hauser-Davis RA, Baptista Neto JA, Bila DM. Determination of water quality, toxicity and estrogenic activity in a nearshore marine environment in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:197-202. [PMID: 29175346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) can be found in domestic sewage, wastewater treatment plant effluents, natural water, rivers, lakes and in the marine environment. Jurujuba Sound, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, receives untreated sewage into its waters, one the main sources of aquatic contamination in this area. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the estrogenic potential of water sampled from different depths and from areas with differential contamination levels throughout Jurujuba Sound. Water quality was evaluated and acute toxicity assays using Allviibrio fischeri were conducted, while estrogenic activity of the water samples was determined by a Yeast Estrogen Screening assay (YES). Water quality was mostly within the limits established for marine waters by the Brazilian legislation, with only DOC and ammoniacal nitrogen levels above the maximum permissible limits. No acute toxicity effects were observed in the Allivibrio fisheri assay. The YES assay detected moderate estrogenic activity in bottom water samples from 3 sampling stations, ranging from 0.5 to 3.2ngL-1, as well as in one surface water sample. Estrogenic activity was most frequently observed in samples from the bottom of the water column, indicating adsorption of estrogenic compounds to the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Teresa Lima do Nascimento
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University Federal Fluminense, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto,Portugal.
| | - Ana Dalva de Oliveira Santos
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University Federal Fluminense, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto,Portugal
| | - Louise Cruz Felix
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Giselle Gomes
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira E Sá
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Department of Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto,Portugal
| | - Danieli Lima da Cunha
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University Federal Fluminense, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Natividade Vieira
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University Federal Fluminense, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil; CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology and Ecology, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana, CEP 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Baptista Neto
- Department of Geology, Institute of Geosciences, University Federal Fluminense, 24210-340 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniele Maia Bila
- Department of Sanitary Engineering and Environment, University Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Sierra-Marquez L, Sierra-Marquez J, De la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Imposex in Stramonita haemastoma from coastal sites of Cartagena, Colombia. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:548-555. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Imposex is the development of male sexual characteristics caused by the toxic effects of some chemicals that acts as an endocrinal disruptor. Antifouling paints contain these chemicals. Cartagena lacks studies to indicate the extent of imposex in its coastal waters. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of imposex in the gastropod Stramonita haemastoma in Cartagena, Colombia. Specimens were collected during 2013 from locations of high and low influence of port activity. Morphometric measurements and the frequency of the occurrence of imposex were registered. The comparison among morphometric variables showed statistically significant differences between the two sites studied. Furthermore, the females of the S. haemastoma species presented an imposex frequency of 93.1% in Birds’ Island, Cartagena Bay, compared to 31.8% in La Bocana. The relative penis size index or RPLI (10.145 and 3.231) and vas deferens sequence index or VDSI (2.83 and 1.16), showed possible contamination by organotin compounds in both places.
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Ravaschiere A, Cutler C, Edleson K, Halem Z, Magun H, Meckler F, Cox R. Quantification of heat shock protein 70 and acetylcholinesterase over a time course suggests environmental adaptation in a foundational molluscan species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:222-229. [PMID: 28412626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterways in urban areas often act as repositories for sewage, industrial waste, and environmental contaminants. In response, inhabitants of these watersheds undergo physiological adaptations specific to their respective environments. Effects of these stressors can be assayed by quantification of various well-documented biomarkers in sentinel species such as the Atlantic Ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, a native to the Bronx River Estuary, Bronx, NY, USA. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a universally expressed biomarker for an array of environmental stressors including toxins and low dissolved oxygen. To better understand the mechanisms by which organisms tolerate their contaminated environments, we monitored the constitutive and heat shock-induced levels of two proteins: Hsp70 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in natural populations of G. demissa from differentially impacted sites: the Bronx River and Greenwich Cove estuaries. We show that G. demissa from the Bronx River exhibits a higher level of constitutive Hsp70, and launches a more rapid and robust heat shock response than does its Greenwich Cove counterpart. In addition, AChE levels are recovered more quickly in Bronx River mussels. Based on response pattern investigations from heat stress as well as constitutive expression, we suggest that the Hsp70/AChE chaperone/client relationship exemplifies the unique adaptive mechanisms utilized by organisms in order to tolerate environmentally impacted habitats. Results from this study offer important insights from an ecological perspective into the molecular and cellular basis of stress response and provide valuable information regarding adaptation to the increased demands of challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ravaschiere
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Caroline Cutler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Kristi Edleson
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Zachery Halem
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Henry Magun
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Fred Meckler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Rachel Cox
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA.
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Schwarz TI, Katsiadaki I, Maskrey BH, Scott AP. Rapid uptake, biotransformation, esterification and lack of depuration of testosterone and its metabolites by the common mussel, Mytilus spp. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 171:54-65. [PMID: 28245981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The presence of the vertebrate steroids, testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol in mollusks is often cited as evidence that they are involved in the control of their reproduction. In this paper, we show that a likely source of T in at least one species, the common mussel (Mytilus spp.), is from uptake from water. When mussels were exposed to waterborne tritiated T ([3H]-T) in a closed container, the radioactivity decreased rapidly and exponentially until, by 24h, approximately 35% remained in the water. The rate of uptake of radiolabel could not be saturated by concentrations as high as 16.5μgL-1 (mean measured) of non-radiolabeled T, showing that the animals have a very high capacity for uptake of T. At least 30% of the applied radioactivity could be extracted from the tissues of the animals with organic solvents and most of this (26% of the total applied radioactivity) was in the fatty acid ester fraction. Following alkaline hydrolysis, reverse phase HPLC and TLC, this fraction was shown to consist predominantly of 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, while T was a minor component. These steroids were definitively identified in the fatty acid ester fraction by mass spectrometry. Overall, less than 5% of the [3H]-T applied to the system remained untransformed at the end of exposure. After ten days of depuration there was no reduction in the total amount of radioactivity in the tissues, nor any changes in the ratio of the metabolites in the ester fraction. These findings show that any association between T presence and reproductive status or sex is confounded by their significant capacity for uptake, and that T undergoes extensive metabolism in mussels in vivo and therefore may not be representative of the androgenic burden of the animals. Consequently, measurements of T in mussel tissue offer little utility as an indicator of reproductive status or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar I Schwarz
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Benjamin H Maskrey
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alexander P Scott
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
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Sex-related differences in steroid concentrations in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 183:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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