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Hua L, Zhang P, Liu H, Xin M, Zhang Z, Han D, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Jin J, Yang Y, Xie S. Effects of Dietary Inosine 5'-Monophosphate Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Salinity and Oxidative Stress Resistance of Gibel Carp ( Carassius auratus gibelio). Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38671934 PMCID: PMC11047338 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An 88-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) on the growth performance and salinity and oxidative stress resistance in the juvenile gibel carp CAS III (Carassius auratus gibelio; initial body weight: 7.48 g). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing exogenous 5'-IMP were formulated. P1, P2, P3 and P4 were diets containing 5'-IMP at four concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 4 g kg-1). The four diets were randomly allotted to triplicate tanks in a recirculating system. After the feeding trial, six fish per tank were netted randomly and placed into 12‱ saline water to test their response to salinity stress. The results indicated that the feed conversion rate was enhanced by dietary supplementation with 5'-IMP. The appetite, plasma neuropeptide Y level and feeding rate of the P3 group were lower than those in the control treatment group. Dietary supplementation with 5'-IMP improved the osmoregulatory adaptation of gibel carp under acute salinity stress. Six hours after the salinity stress treatment, in the dietary 5'-IMP treatment group, the plasma cortisol and K+ concentrations were lower and the Na+/K+-ATPase activity was greater than that in the control group. Dietary supplementation with 5'-IMP promoted the expression of the glucocorticoid receptors NKA-α1b and NKCC and retarded the expression of Hsp70 in P4-treated gill filaments and kidneys. Dietary supplementation with 5'-IMP resulted in a stable oxidative-stress-resistant phenotype characterized by increased levels of cellular antioxidants, including SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and MPO. The above results of the current study demonstrate that supplementation of 5'-IMP can promote feed utilization and have positive influences on the salinity and oxidative stress resistance of gibel carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luohai Hua
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- Jiangxi Innovation and Incubation Center of Industrial Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330072, China
- Nanchang Institute of Industrial Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330072, China
| | - Mingze Xin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Han
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
| | - Shouqi Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (L.H.); (P.Z.); (M.X.); (Z.Z.); (D.H.); (Z.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Locascio A, Annona G, Caccavale F, D'Aniello S, Agnisola C, Palumbo A. Nitric Oxide Function and Nitric Oxide Synthase Evolution in Aquatic Chordates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11182. [PMID: 37446358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in almost all organisms and is active in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Our understanding of the peculiarities and functions of this simple gas has increased considerably by extending studies to non-mammal vertebrates and invertebrates. In this review, we report the nitric oxide synthase (Nos) genes so far characterized in chordates and provide an extensive, detailed, and comparative analysis of the function of NO in the aquatic chordates tunicates, cephalochordates, teleost fishes, and amphibians. This comprehensive set of data adds new elements to our understanding of Nos evolution, from the single gene commonly found in invertebrates to the three genes present in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Locascio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annona
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
- Department of Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources (RIMAR), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Caccavale
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore D'Aniello
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Agnisola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
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Chen Y, Pan Z, Bai Y, Xu S. Redox state and metabolic responses to severe heat stress in lenok Brachymystax lenok (Salmonidae). Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1156310. [PMID: 37293553 PMCID: PMC10244579 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1156310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to provide new insights into the physiological responses of lenok (Brachymystax lenok: Salmonidae) to acute and severe heat stress (25°C, 48 h), dynamic changes in redox state and metabolic responses are studied combined biochemical index and non-targeted metabolome. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) consumption causes significant increases in ratio of reduced NADH to NAD+ and ratio of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) to NADP+, which induced the redox imbalance in heat stressed lenok. Lowered reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios suggested that more oxidized conditions occurred in heat-stressed lenok, leading to membrane lipid oxidation. The first few hours of heat stress promoted the activity of enzymes involved in anaerobic glycolysis (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactic dehydrogenase) and glutamicpyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, which might lead to consumption of many carbohydrates and amino acid catabolism. These enzyme activities decreased with time in a possible compensatory strategy to manage anabolic and catabolic metabolism, maintaining the redox homeostasis. After 48 h of recovery, NAD+, carbohydrate levels and enzyme activities had returned to control levels, whereas many amino acids were consumed for repair and new synthesis. GSH remained at levels lower than controls, and the more oxidized conditions had not recovered, aggravating oxidative damage. Glutamic acid, glutamine, lysine and arginine may play important roles in survival of heat-stressed lenok.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Freshwaters (Beijing), Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Pan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yucen Bai
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shaogang Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Freshwaters (Beijing), Fisheries Science Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Peter MCS, Gayathry R, Peter VS. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide System as a Biomarker for Stress and Ease Response in Fish: Implication on Na+ Homeostasis During Hypoxia. Front Physiol 2022; 13:821300. [PMID: 35655956 PMCID: PMC9152262 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.821300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and organismal response to stressor-driven stimuli evokes stress response in vertebrates including fishes. Fishes have evolved varied patterns of stress response, including ionosmotic stress response, due to their sensitivity to both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Fishes that experience hypoxia, a detrimental stressor that imposes systemic and cellular stress response, can evoke disturbed ion homeostasis. In addition, like other vertebrates, fishes have also developed mechanisms to recover from the impact of stress by way of shifting stress response into ease response that could reduce the magnitude of stress response with the aid of certain neuroendocrine signals. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as a potent molecule that attenuates the impact of ionosmotic stress response in fish, particularly during hypoxia stress. Limited information is, however, available on this important aspect of ion transport physiology that contributes to the mechanistic understanding of survival during environmental challenges. The present review, thus, discusses the role of NO in Na+ homeostasis in fish particularly in stressed conditions. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are essential for the synthesis and availability of NO at the cellular level. The NOS/NO system, thus, appears as a unique molecular drive that performs both regulatory and integrative mechanisms of control within and across varied fish ionocytes. The activation of the inducible NOS (iNOS)/NO system during hypoxia stress and its action on the dynamics of Na+/K+-ATPase, an active Na+ transporter in fish ionocytes, reveal that the iNOS/NO system controls cellular and systemic Na+ transport in stressed fish. In addition, the higher sensitivity of iNOS to varied physical stressors in fishes and the ability of NO to lower the magnitude of ionosmotic stress in hypoxemic fish clearly put forth NO as an ease-promoting signal molecule in fishes. This further points to the signature role of the iNOS/NO system as a biomarker for stress and ease response in the cycle of adaptive response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Subhash Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: M. C. Subhash Peter,
| | - R. Gayathry
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Valsa S. Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, School of Life Science, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Peter MCS, Gayathry R. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME activates inducible NOS/NO system and drives multidimensional regulation of Na + /K + -ATPase in ionocyte epithelia of immersion-stressed air-breathing fish (Anabas testudineus Bloch). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2021; 335:396-416. [PMID: 33734617 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in Na+ homeostatic control in water-breathing fishes. It is, however, uncertain whether air-breathing fish relies on NO to coordinate Na+ /K+ -ATPase (NKA)-driven Na+ transport during acute hypoxemia. We, thus, examined the action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME on NO availability, inducible NOS (iNOS) protein abundance and the regulatory dynamics of NKA in osmoregulatory epithelia of Anabas testudineus kept at induced hypoxemia. As expected in nonstressed fish, in vivo L-NAME (100 ng g-1 ) challenge for 30 min declined NO production in serum (40%) and osmoregulatory tissues (average 51.6%). Surprisingly, the magnitude of such reduction was less in hypoxemic fish after L-NAME challenge due to the net gain of NO (average 23.7%) in these tissues. Concurrently, higher iNOS protein abundance was found in branchial and intestinal epithelia of these hypoxemic fish. In nonstressed fish, L-NAME treatment inhibited the NKA activity in branchial and intestinal epithelia while stimulating its activity in renal epithelia. Interestingly in hypoxemic fish, L-NAME challenge restored the hypoxemia-inhibited NKA activity in branchial and renal epithelia. Similar recovery response was evident in the NKAα protein abundance in immunoblots and immunofluorescence images of branchial epithelia of these fish. Analysis of Nkaα1 isoform transcript abundance (Nkaα1a, α1b, α1c) also showed spatial and preferential regulation of Nkaα1 isoform switching. Collectively, the data indicate that L-NAME challenge activates iNOS/NO system in the branchial ionocyte epithelia of hypoxemia-stressed Anabas and demands multidimensional regulation of NKA to restore the Na+ transport rate probably to defend against acute hypoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Subhash Peter
- Inter-University Centre for Evolutionary and Integrative Biology iCEIB, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - R Gayathry
- Department of Zoology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Liu Z, Zhang J, Ma A, Wang X, Sun Z, Cui W, Yuan C, Zhu C. Molecular characterization, expression analysis of 14-3-3 beta/alpha and the effect of RNA interference on ion transporter protein Na+-K+-ATPase, Na+–H+-exchanger and CFTR in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 246-247:110458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cui W, Ma A, Wang X, Huang Z. Myo-inositol enhances the low-salinity tolerance of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) by modulating cortisol synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:913-919. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brown MS, Jones PL, Tromp JJ, van Rijn CA, Collins RA, Afonso LOB. The physiology of saltwater acclimation in large juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2018; 93:540-549. [PMID: 29931747 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of transferring freshwater (FW) acclimated S. salar (678 g) that had been maintained under a constant photoperiod and thermal regime, into FW (salinity 0) and salt water (SW; salinity 35) on growth and physiological responses over a 28 day period. There were no mortalities observed throughout the study and no significant differences in mass or fork length between FW and SW groups after 28 days. Compared with fish transferred to FW, plasma osmolality and plasma chloride levels increased significantly in fish in SW by day 1. In the SW group, plasma chloride and osmolality had decreased significantly at day 14 when compared with day 1. Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity was significantly higher in SW compared with the FW group from day 7 and thereafter, but continued to increase until day 22. No differences in plasma cortisol and thyroxine were observed between FW and SW groups throughout the study. Plasma glucose significantly increased from day 1 to day 2 in SW but not in the FW group and levels were significantly reduced in SW compared with the FW group at day 28. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in FW at day 22 and day 14 to day 22, respectively, when compared with the SW group. In the SW group, plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change significantly throughout the study. The findings of this study suggest that large S. salar retained in FW maintain a high level of SW tolerance in the absence of photoperiod and thermal regimes necessary for smoltification, as demonstrated by 100% survival, unaffected growth performance, increased Na+ -K+ -ATPase activity and a capacity to regulate plasma chloride and osmolality for 28 days in the SW group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul L Jones
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jared J Tromp
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christian A van Rijn
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Robert A Collins
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Luis O B Afonso
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Gerber L, Jensen FB, Madsen SS. Dynamic changes in nitric oxide synthase expression are involved in seawater acclimation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R552-R562. [PMID: 29351430 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00519.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) produced by nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is an inhibitor of ion transporter activity and a modulator of epithelial ion transport in fish, but little is known on changes in the NOS/NO system during osmotic stress. We hypothesized that the NOS/NO system responds to salinity changes as an integrated part of the acclimation process. Expression and localization of nos1/Nos1 and nos2/Nos2 were investigated in gill, kidney, and intestine of freshwater (FW)- and seawater (SW)-transferred trout using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, along with expressional changes of major ion transporters in the gill. The classical branchial ion transporters showed expected expressional changes upon SW transfer, there among a rapid decrease in Slc26a6 mRNA, coding a branchial Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchanger. There was a major downregulation of nos1/ nos2/Nos2 expression in the gill during SW acclimation. A significant decrease in plasma nitrite supported an overall decreased Nos activity and NO production. In the middle intestine, Nos1 was upregulated during SW acclimation, whereas no changes in nos/Nos expression were observed in the posterior intestine and the kidney. Nos1 was localized along the longitudinal axis of the gill filament, beneath smooth muscle fibers of the intestine wall and in blood vessel walls of the kidney. Nos2 was localized within the epithelium adjacent to the gill filament axis and in hematopoietic tissues of the kidney. We conclude that downregulation of branchial NOS is integrated to the SW acclimation process likely to avoid the inhibitory effects of NO on active ion extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Gerber
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Frank B Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Steffen S Madsen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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