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Liu Y, Guo W, Wei C, Huang H, Nan F, Liu X, Liu Q, Lv J, Feng J, Xie S. Rainfall-induced changes in aquatic microbial communities and stability of dissolved organic matter: Insight from a Fen river analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118107. [PMID: 38181848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities are pivotal in aquatic ecosystems, as they affect water quality, energy dynamics, nutrient cycling, and hydrological stability. This study explored the effects of rainfall on hydrological and photosynthetic parameters, microbial composition, and functional gene profiles in the Fen River. Our results demonstrated that rainfall-induced decreases in stream temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. In contrast, rainfall increased total dissolved solids, salinity, and ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. A detailed microbial community structure analysis revealed that Cyanobacteria was the dominant microbial taxon in the Fen River, accounting for approximately 75% and 25% of the microalgal and bacterial communities, respectively. The abundance of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta increased by 47.66% and 29.92%, respectively, whereas the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased by 37.55% under rainfall conditions. Stochastic processes predominantly affected the assembly of the bacterial community on rainy days. Functional gene analysis revealed variations in bacterial functions between sunny (Sun) and rainy (Rain) conditions, particularly in genes associated with the carbon cycle. The 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase gene was more abundant in the Fen River bacterial community. Particular genes involved in metabolism and environmental information processing, including the acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (atoB), enoyl-CoA hydratase (paaF), and branched-chain amino acid transport system gene (livK), which are integral to environmental information processing, were more abundant in Sun than the Rain conditions. In contrast, the phosphate transport system gene, the galactose metabolic gene, and the pyruvate metabolic gene were more abundant in Rain. The excitation-emission matrix analysis with parallel factor analysis identified four fluorescence components (C1-C4) in the river, which were predominantly protein- (C1) and humic-like (C2-C4) substances. Rainfall affected organic matter production and transport, leading to changes in the degradation and stability of dissolved organic matter. Overall, this study offers insight into how rainfall affects aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihua Wei
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hanjie Huang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangru Nan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Junping Lv
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shulian Xie
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Chen J, Huang X, Wang J, Chen W, Teng Y, Yin D. Incorporation of black phosphorus nanosheets into poly(propylene fumarate) biodegradable bone cement to enhance bioactivity and osteogenesis. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:98. [PMID: 38291442 PMCID: PMC10829309 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injectable bone cement is commonly used in clinical orthopaedics to fill bone defects, treat vertebral compression fractures, and fix joint prostheses during joint replacement surgery. Poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) has been proposed as a biodegradable and injectable alternative to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. Recently, there has been considerable interest in two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus nanomaterials (BPNSs) in the biomedical field due to their excellent photothermal and osteogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the biological and physicochemical qualities of BPNSs mixed with PPF bone cement created through thermal cross-linking. METHODS PPF was prepared through a two-step process, and BPNSs were prepared via a liquid phase stripping method. BP/PPF was subsequently prepared through thermal cross-linking, and its characteristics were thoroughly analysed. The mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, osteogenic performance, degradation performance, photothermal performance, and in vivo toxicity of BP/PPF were evaluated. RESULTS BP/PPF exhibited low cytotoxicity levels and mechanical properties similar to that of bone, whereas the inclusion of BPNSs promoted preosteoblast adherence, proliferation, and differentiation on the surface of the bone cement. Furthermore, 200 BP/PPF demonstrated superior cytocompatibility and osteogenic effects, leading to the degradation of PPF bone cement and enabling it to possess photothermal properties. When exposed to an 808-nm laser, the temperature of the bone cement increased to 45-55 °C. Furthermore, haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections from the in vivo toxicity test did not display any anomalous tissue changes. CONCLUSION BP/PPF exhibited mechanical properties similar to that of bone: outstanding photothermal properties, cytocompatibility, and osteoinductivity. BP/PPF serves as an effective degradable bone cement and holds great potential in the field of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Chen
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Dongfeng Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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Nicholls JWF, Chin JP, Williams TA, Lenton TM, O’Flaherty V, McGrath JW. On the potential roles of phosphorus in the early evolution of energy metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239189. [PMID: 37601379 PMCID: PMC10433651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism in extant life is centered around phosphate and the energy-dense phosphoanhydride bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a deeply conserved and ancient bioenergetic system. Yet, ATP synthesis relies on numerous complex enzymes and has an autocatalytic requirement for ATP itself. This implies the existence of evolutionarily simpler bioenergetic pathways and potentially primordial alternatives to ATP. The centrality of phosphate in modern bioenergetics, coupled with the energetic properties of phosphorylated compounds, may suggest that primordial precursors to ATP also utilized phosphate in compounds such as pyrophosphate, acetyl phosphate and polyphosphate. However, bioavailable phosphate may have been notably scarce on the early Earth, raising doubts about the roles that phosphorylated molecules might have played in the early evolution of life. A largely overlooked phosphorus redox cycle on the ancient Earth might have provided phosphorus and energy, with reduced phosphorus compounds potentially playing a key role in the early evolution of energy metabolism. Here, we speculate on the biological phosphorus compounds that may have acted as primordial energy currencies, sources of environmental energy, or sources of phosphorus for the synthesis of phosphorylated energy currencies. This review encompasses discussions on the evolutionary history of modern bioenergetics, and specifically those pathways with primordial relevance, and the geochemistry of bioavailable phosphorus on the ancient Earth. We highlight the importance of phosphorus, not only in the form of phosphate, to early biology and suggest future directions of study that may improve our understanding of the early evolution of bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W. F. Nicholls
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Chin
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tom A. Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Lenton
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - John W. McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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4
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Liu W, Zhang Y, Yu M, Xu J, Du H, Zhang R, Wu D, Xie X. Role of phosphite in the environmental phosphorus cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163463. [PMID: 37062315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In modern geochemistry, phosphorus (P) is considered synonymous with phosphate (Pi) because Pi controls the growth of organisms as a limiting nutrient in many ecosystems. The researchers therefore realised that a complete P cycle is essential. Limited by thermodynamic barriers, P was long believed to be incapable of redox reactions, and the role of the redox cycle of reduced P in the global P cycling system was thus not ascertained. Nevertheless, the phosphite (Phi) form of P is widely present in various environments and participates in the global P redox cycle. Herein, global quantitative evidences of Phi are enumerated and the early origin and modern biotic/abiotic sources of Phi are elaborated. Further, the Phi-based redox pathway for P reduction is analysed and global multienvironmental Phi redox cycle processes are proposed on the basis of this pathway. The possible role of Phi in controlling algae in eutrophic lakes and its ecological benefits to plants are proposed. In this manner, the important role of Phi in the P redox cycle and global P cycle is systematically and comprehensively identified and confirmed. This work will provide scientific guidance for the future production and use of Phi products and arouse attention and interest on clarifying the role of Phi in the environmental phosphorus cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Mengqin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hu Du
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337000, China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resource and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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5
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Yuan B, Zhou X, Li Y, Zhao Y, Xue M, Guo Q, Zheng G, Chen X, Lin H, Guo X. Black-Phosphorus-Nanosheet-Reinforced Coating of Implants for Sequential Biofilm Ablation and Bone Fracture Healing Acceleration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:47036-47051. [PMID: 36203356 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Incurable implant-related infection may cause catastrophic consequences due to the existence of a biofilm that resists the infiltration of host immune cells and antibiotics. Innovative approaches inspired by nanomedicine, e.g., engineering innovative multifunctional bionic coating systems on the surface of implants, are becoming increasingly attractive. Herein, 2D black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) were loaded onto a hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated metal implant to construct a BPs@HA composite coating. With its photothermal conversion effect and in situ biomineralization, the BPs@HA coating shows excellent performances in ablating the bacterial biofilm and accelerating fracture healing, which were verified through both in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, differentially expressed genes of bone formation and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) regulated by the BPs@HA coating were identified using absolute quantitative transcriptome sequencing followed by the screening of gene differential expressions. A functional enrichment analysis reveals that the expression of core markers related to BMSC differentiation and bone formation could be effectively regulated by BPs through a metabolism-related pathway. This work not only illustrates the great potential in clinical application of the BPs@HA composite coating to eliminate bacteria and accelerate bone fracture healing but also contributes to an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanism of osteogenesis physiological function regulation based on an analysis of absolute quantitative transcriptome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mintao Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunfeng Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lin
- State Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai200003, People's Republic of China
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6
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Vittoria U. New 2D material: Two-dimensional black phosphorus (2D BP). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x22500156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Gözen I, Köksal ES, Põldsalu I, Xue L, Spustova K, Pedrueza-Villalmanzo E, Ryskulov R, Meng F, Jesorka A. Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106624. [PMID: 35322554 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, gain the structure and functions necessary to fulfill the criteria of life. Research addressing protocells as a central element in this transition is diverse and increasingly interdisciplinary. The authors review current protocell concepts and research directions, address milestones, challenges and existing hypotheses in the context of conditions on the early Earth, and provide a concise overview of current protocell research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irep Gözen
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Elif Senem Köksal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Inga Põldsalu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Lin Xue
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Karolina Spustova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0318, Norway
| | - Esteban Pedrueza-Villalmanzo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Universitetsplatsen 1, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden
| | - Ruslan Ryskulov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
| | - Fanda Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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8
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BOUGHDIRI MA, MEJRI A, TANGOUR B. Pentavalent phosphorus formation mechanism. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Xu H, Liu X, Park S, Terzic A, Lu L. Size-dependent osteogenesis of black phosphorus in nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1488-1498. [PMID: 35319809 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A promising new strategy emerged in bone tissue engineering is to incorporate black phosphorus (BP) into polymer scaffolds, fabricating nanocomposite hydrogel platforms with biocompatibility, degradation controllability, and osteogenic capacity. BP quantum dot is a new concept and stands out recently among the BP family due to its tiny structure and a series of excellent characteristics. In this study, BP was processed into nanosheets of three different sizes via different exfoliation strategies and then incorporated into cross-linkable oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) to produce nanocomposite hydrogels for bone regeneration. The three different BP nanosheets were designated as BP-L, BP-M, and BP-S, with a corresponding diameter of 242.3 ± 90.0, 107.1 ± 47.9, and 18.8 ± 4.6 nm. The degradation kinetics and osteogenic capacity of MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts in vitro were both dependent on the BP size. BP exhibited a controllable degradation rate, which increased with the decrease of the size of the nanosheets, coupled with the release of phosphate in vitro. The osteogenic capacity of the hydrogels was promoted with the addition of all BP nanosheets, compared with OPF hydrogel alone. The smallest BP quantum dots was shown to be optimal in enhancing MC3T3 cell behaviors, including spreading, distribution, proliferation, and differentiation on the OPF hydrogels. These results reinforced that the supplementation of BP quantum dots into OPF nanocomposite hydrogel scaffolds could potentially find application in the restoration of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Saona LA, Soria M, Durán-Toro V, Wörmer L, Milucka J, Castro-Nallar E, Meneses C, Contreras M, Farías ME. Phosphate-Arsenic Interactions in Halophilic Microorganisms of the Microbial Mat from Laguna Tebenquiche: from the Microenvironment to the Genomes. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:941-953. [PMID: 33388944 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a metalloid present in the earth's crust and widely distributed in the environment. Due to its high concentrations in the Andean valleys and its chemical similarity with phosphorus (P), its biological role in Andean Microbial Ecosystems (AMEs) has begun to be studied. The AMEs are home to extremophilic microbial communities that form microbial mats, evaporites, and microbialites inhabiting Andean lakes, puquios, or salt flats. In this work, we characterize the biological role of As and the effect of phosphate in AMEs from the Laguna Tebenquiche (Atacama Desert, Chile). Using micro X-ray fluorescence, the distribution of As in microbial mat samples was mapped. Taxonomic and inferred functional profiles were obtained from enriched cultures of microbial mats incubated under As stress and different phosphate conditions. Additionally, representative microorganisms highly resistant to As and able to grow under low phosphate concentration were isolated and studied physiologically. Finally, the genomes of the isolated Salicola sp. and Halorubrum sp. were sequenced to analyze genes related to both phosphate metabolism and As resistance. The results revealed As as a key component of the microbial mat ecosystem: (i) As was distributed across all sections of the microbial mat and represented a significant weight percentage of the mat (0.17 %) in comparison with P (0.40%); (ii) Low phosphate concentration drastically changed the microbial community in microbial mat samples incubated under high salinity and high As concentrations; (iii) Archaea and Bacteria isolated from the microbial mat were highly resistant to arsenate (up to 500 mM), even under low phosphate concentration; (iv) The genomes of the two isolates were predicted to contain key genes in As metabolism (aioAB and arsC/acr3) and the genes predicted to encode the phosphate-specific transport operon (pstSCAB-phoU) are next to the arsC gene, suggesting a functional relationship between these two elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Saona
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - M Soria
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - V Durán-Toro
- Hydrothermal Geomicrobiology Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - L Wörmer
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. 8, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Milucka
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - E Castro-Nallar
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Contreras
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada, Santiago, Chile
| | - M E Farías
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Microbiológicas de Lagunas Andinas (LIMLA), Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI), CCT, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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11
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Miao Y, Wang X, Sun J, Yan Z. Recent advances in the biomedical applications of black phosphorus quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1532-1550. [PMID: 36132555 PMCID: PMC9417954 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D) black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), the new derivatives of black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterials, have attracted considerable attention since they were first prepared in 2015. Compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) BP nanosheets, BPQDs exhibit some unique properties and demonstrate great potential for a broad range of applications, especially in the field of biomedicine. Due to the rapid development and substantial research interest in this area, it is urgent to review the current advances, challenges and near-future possibilities of BPQD-related biomedical research, which will benefit the further development of this field. This review is mainly focused on the latest progress of BPQD related applications in the biomedical field, including photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), drug delivery, biological imaging, etc. The challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Miao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250000 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Zhong Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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12
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Ewens SD, Gomberg AFS, Barnum TP, Borton MA, Carlson HK, Wrighton KC, Coates JD. The diversity and evolution of microbial dissimilatory phosphite oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020024118. [PMID: 33688048 PMCID: PMC7980464 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020024118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphite is the most energetically favorable chemotrophic electron donor known, with a half-cell potential (Eo') of -650 mV for the PO43-/PO33- couple. Since the discovery of microbial dissimilatory phosphite oxidation (DPO) in 2000, the environmental distribution, evolution, and diversity of DPO microorganisms (DPOMs) have remained enigmatic, as only two species have been identified. Here, metagenomic sequencing of phosphite-enriched microbial communities enabled the genome reconstruction and metabolic characterization of 21 additional DPOMs. These DPOMs spanned six classes of bacteria, including the Negativicutes, Desulfotomaculia, Synergistia, Syntrophia, Desulfobacteria, and Desulfomonilia_A Comparing the DPO genes from the genomes of enriched organisms with over 17,000 publicly available metagenomes revealed the global existence of this metabolism in diverse anoxic environments, including wastewaters, sediments, and subsurface aquifers. Despite their newfound environmental and taxonomic diversity, metagenomic analyses suggested that the typical DPOM is a chemolithoautotroph that occupies low-oxygen environments and specializes in phosphite oxidation coupled to CO2 reduction. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the DPO genes form a highly conserved cluster that likely has ancient origins predating the split of monoderm and diderm bacteria. By coupling microbial cultivation strategies with metagenomics, these studies highlighted the unsampled metabolic versatility latent in microbial communities. We have uncovered the unexpected prevalence, diversity, biochemical specialization, and ancient origins of a unique metabolism central to the redox cycling of phosphorus, a primary nutrient on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia D Ewens
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alexa F S Gomberg
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tyler P Barnum
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mikayla A Borton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Hans K Carlson
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kelly C Wrighton
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - John D Coates
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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13
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Xu H, Liu X, George MN, Miller AL, Park S, Xu H, Terzic A, Lu L. Black phosphorus incorporation modulates nanocomposite hydrogel properties and subsequent MC3T3 cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1633-1645. [PMID: 33650768 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy that emerged in tissue engineering is to incorporate two-dimensional (2D) materials into polymer scaffolds, producing materials with desirable mechanical properties and surface chemistries, which also display broad biocompatibility. Black phosphorus (BP) is a 2D material that has sparked recent scientific interest due to its unique structure and electrochemical characteristics. In this study, BP nanosheets (BPNSs) were incorporated into a cross-linkable oligo[poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate] (OPF) hydrogel to produce a new nanocomposite for bone regeneration. BPNSs exhibited a controllable degradation rate coupled with the release of phosphate in vitro. MTS assay results together with live/dead images confirmed that the introduction of BPNSs into OPF hydrogels enhanced MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Moreover, the morphology parameters indicated better attachments of cells in the BPNSs containing group. Immunofluorescence images as well as intercellular ALP and OCN activities showed that adding a certain amount of BPNSs to OPF hydrogel could greatly improve differentiation of pre-osteoblasts on the hydrogel. Additionally, embedding black phosphorous into a neutral polymer network helped to control its cytotoxicity, with optimal cell growth observed at BP concentrations as high as 500 ppm. These results reinforced that the supplementation of OPF with BPNSs can increase the osteogenic capacity of polymer scaffolds for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew N George
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - A Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sungjo Park
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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14
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Wohlgemuth R. Key advances in biocatalytic phosphorylations in the last two decades: Biocatalytic syntheses in vitro and biotransformations in vivo (in humans). Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000090. [PMID: 33283467 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic phosphorylation reactions provide several benefits, such as more direct, milder, more selective, and shorter access routes to phosphorylated products. Favorable characteristics of biocatalytic methodologies represent advantages for in vitro as well as for in vivo phosphorylation reactions, leading to important advances in the science of synthesis towards bioactive phosphorylated compounds in various areas. The scope of this review covers key advances of biocatalytic phosphorylation reactions over the last two decades, for biocatalytic syntheses in vitro and for biotransformations in vivo (in humans). From the origins of probiotic life to in vitro synthetic applications and in vivo formation of bioactive pharmaceuticals, the common purpose is to outline the importance, relevance, and underlying connections of biocatalytic phosphorylations of small molecules. Asymmetric phosphorylations attracting increased attention are highlighted. Phosphohydrolases, phosphotransferases, phosphorylases, phosphomutases, and other enzymes involved in phosphorus chemistry provide powerful toolboxes for resource-efficient and selective in vitro biocatalytic syntheses of phosphorylated metabolites, chiral building blocks, pharmaceuticals as well as in vivo enzymatic formation of biologically active forms of pharmaceuticals. Nature's large diversity of phosphoryl-group-transferring enzymes, advanced enzyme and reaction engineering toolboxes make biocatalytic asymmetric phosphorylations using enzymes a powerful and privileged phosphorylation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.,Swiss Coordination Committee Biotechnology, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Xie Z, Fong WP, Tsang PWK. Engineering and optimization of phosphate-responsive phytase expression in Pichia pastoris yeast for phytate hydrolysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 137:109533. [PMID: 32423670 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytate is the major storage form of phosphorus in plants. It is present in cereals and raw materials of vegetable origin used in animal and human diets. However, non-ruminant animals have little phytase activity in their guts and, therefore, cannot digest phytate. As a result, almost all dietary phytate is discharged into the environment, causing phosphorus pollution. Phytate is also considered as an "antinutrient" for its ability to form insoluble and stable complexes with metal ions, thus reducing dietary absorption of essential minerals. It is a dire need to develop sustainable approaches for environmentally-friendly utilization for this valuable and abundant natural resource. To this end, we engineered Pichia pastoris to express and secrete phytase in a "made-to-order" fashion in response to external level of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Responsiveness to external Pi level was achieved by generating a Pi-responsive promoter library using directed evolution. The resultant yeast strains were proven to liberate Pi from wheat-based meal in a simulated in vitro digestion model. These yeast-based whole cell biocatalysts may serve as platform hosts with potential applications in food processing industry and animal waste treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Xie
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Ping Fong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Paul Wai-Kei Tsang
- Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Gibard C, Gorrell IB, Jiménez EI, Kee TP, Pasek MA, Krishnamurthy R. Geochemical Sources and Availability of Amidophosphates on the Early Earth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gibard
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Ian B. Gorrell
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Eddy I. Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Terence P. Kee
- School of Chemistry University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Matthew A. Pasek
- School of Geosciences University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
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17
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Gibard C, Gorrell IB, Jiménez EI, Kee TP, Pasek MA, Krishnamurthy R. Geochemical Sources and Availability of Amidophosphates on the Early Earth. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8151-8155. [PMID: 30989779 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of (pre)biotically relevant molecules in aqueous medium has recently been demonstrated using water-soluble diamidophosphate (DAP). Questions arise relating to the prebiotic availability of DAP and other amidophosphosphorus species on the early earth. Herein, we demonstrate that DAP and other amino-derivatives of phosphates/phosphite are generated when Fe3 P (proxy for mineral schreibersite), condensed phosphates, and reduced oxidation state phosphorus compounds, which could have been available on early earth, are exposed to aqueous ammonia solutions. DAP is shown to remain in aqueous solution under conditions where phosphate is precipitated out by divalent metals. These results show that nitrogenated analogues of phosphate and reduced phosphite species can be produced and remain in solution, overcoming the thermodynamic barrier for phosphorylation in water, increasing the possibility that abiotic phosphorylation reactions occurred in aqueous environments on early earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gibard
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ian B Gorrell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eddy I Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Terence P Kee
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew A Pasek
- School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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