1
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Zhai Y, Tian W, Chen K, Lan L, Kan J, Shi H. Flagella-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to surface of stainless steel, glass and fresh produces during sublethal injury and recovery. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104383. [PMID: 37918998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
E. coli O157:H7 can be induced into sublethally injured (SI) state by lactic acid (LA) and regain activity in nutrient environments. This research clarified the role of flagella-related genes (fliD, fliS, cheA and motA) in adhesion of E. coli O157:H7 onto stainless steel, glass, lettuce, spinach, red cabbage and cucumber during LA-induced SI and recovery by plate counting. Results of adhesion showed improper flagellar rotation caused by the deletion of motA resulting in the decreased adhesion. Motility of wildtype determined by diameter of motility halo decreased in SI state and repaired with recovery time increasing, lagging behind changes in expression of flagella-related genes. Flagellar function-impaired strains all exhibited non-motile property. Thus, we speculated that flagella-mediated motility is critical in early stage of adhesion. We also found the effects of Fe2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ on adhesion or motility of wildtype was independent of bacterial states. However, the addition of Ca2+ and Mn2+ did not affect motility of flagellar function-impaired strains as they did on wildtype. This research provides new insights to understand the role of flagella and cations in bacterial adhesion, which will aid in development of anti-adhesion agents to reduce bio-contamination in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weina Tian
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linshu Lan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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2
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Wright Z, Seymour M, Paszczak K, Truttmann T, Senn K, Stilp S, Jansen N, Gosz M, Goeden L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Waters LS. The small protein MntS evolved from a signal peptide and acquired a novel function regulating manganese homeostasis in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:152-166. [PMID: 38104967 PMCID: PMC10842292 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Small proteins (<50 amino acids) are emerging as ubiquitous and important regulators in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, where they commonly bind to and regulate larger proteins during stress responses. However, fundamental aspects of small proteins, such as their molecular mechanism of action, downregulation after they are no longer needed, and their evolutionary provenance, are poorly understood. Here, we show that the MntS small protein involved in manganese (Mn) homeostasis binds and inhibits the MntP Mn transporter. Mn is crucial for bacterial survival in stressful environments but is toxic in excess. Thus, Mn transport is tightly controlled at multiple levels to maintain optimal Mn levels. The small protein MntS adds a new level of regulation for Mn transporters, beyond the known transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. We also found that MntS binds to itself in the presence of Mn, providing a possible mechanism of downregulating MntS activity to terminate its inhibition of MntP Mn export. MntS is homologous to the signal peptide of SitA, the periplasmic metal-binding subunit of a Mn importer. Remarkably, the homologous signal peptide regions can substitute for MntS, demonstrating a functional relationship between MntS and these signal peptides. Conserved gene neighborhoods support that MntS evolved from the signal peptide of an ancestral SitA protein, acquiring a life of its own with a distinct function in Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Wright
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Mackenzie Seymour
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Kalista Paszczak
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Taylor Truttmann
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Katherine Senn
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Samuel Stilp
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Nickolas Jansen
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Magdalyn Gosz
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Lindsay Goeden
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Vivek Anantharaman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - L. Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Lauren S. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, 800 Algoma Blvd, University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
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3
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Ma H, Liu X, Wen Z, Yi X, Liu Y, Zhou H. Competitive Mn(II) removal occurs in Lysinibacillus sp. MHQ-1 through microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and indirect Mn(II) oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117373. [PMID: 37827367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological Mn(II) removal usually involves adsorption and precipitation of Mn(II) in the form of various minerals. Manganese oxides (MnOx) formation through the activity of Mn(II) oxidation bacteria (MnOB) contributes to the majority of Mn(II) removal. However, whether other bacterial-mediated pathway could couple or competitive with Mn(II) oxidation during Mn(II) removal is scarcely reported. In this study, we reported a competitive Mn(II) removal occurred in nutrient-rich condition during the indirect Mn(II) oxidation of Lysinibacillus sp. MHQ-1, i.e., microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). In the presence of 1 mM Mn(II), 39.4% of free Mn(II) converted to MnCO3(s) quickly within 100 h, and then 11.6% of initial Mn(II) slowly oxidized to MnOx within 442 h. The urease activity assay and the genome sequencing confirmed the existence of urease and the absence of Mn(II)-oxidizing enzymes in the genome of strain MHQ-1. The urease catalyzed the formation of carbonate ion that reacts with Mn(II) and the formed ammonia raises the pH to initiate indirect Mn(II) oxidation. Genome survey suggests the urease widely exists in various Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MnOB), emphasizing the importance to reconsider the composition, stability and environmental effects of biological Mn(II) removal products in nutrient-rich environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Zhaoqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Panjin Campus, Dalian University of Technology, China.
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4
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Wang NE, Courcelle EJ, Coltman SM, Spolek RL, Courcelle J, Courcelle CT. Manganese transporters regulate the resumption of replication in hydrogen peroxide-stressed Escherichia coli. Biometals 2023; 36:1361-1376. [PMID: 37493920 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Following hydrogen peroxide treatment, ferrous iron (Fe2+) is oxidized to its ferric form (Fe3+), stripping it from and inactivating iron-containing proteins. Many mononuclear iron enzymes can be remetallated by manganese to restore function, while other enzymes specifically utilize manganese as a cofactor, having redundant activities that compensate for iron-depleted counterparts. DNA replication relies on one or more iron-dependent protein(s) as synthesis abates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and requires manganese in the medium to resume. Here, we show that manganese transporters regulate the ability to resume replication following oxidative challenge in Escherichia coli. The absence of the primary manganese importer, MntH, impairs the ability to resume replication; whereas deleting the manganese exporter, MntP, or transporter regulator, MntR, dramatically increases the rate of recovery. Unregulated manganese import promoted recovery even in the absence of Fur, which maintains iron homeostasis. Similarly, replication was not restored in oxyR mutants, which cannot upregulate manganese import following hydrogen peroxide stress. Taken together, the results define a central role for manganese transport in restoring replication following oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Wang
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | | | - Samantha M Coltman
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Raymond L Spolek
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Justin Courcelle
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
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5
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Ogura M, Matsutani M, Asai K, Suzuki M. Glucose controls manganese homeostasis through transcription factors regulating known and newly identified manganese transporter genes in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105069. [PMID: 37468100 PMCID: PMC10448178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mn2+ is an essential nutrient whose concentration is tightly controlled in bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, the Mn2+-activated transcription factor MntR controls Mn2+ transporter genes. However, factors regulating intracellular Mn2+ concentration are incompletely understood. Here, we found that glucose addition induces an increase in intracellular Mn2+ concentration. We determined this upshift was mediated by glucose induction of the major Mn2+ importer gene mntH by the transcription factor AhrC, which is known to be involved in arginine metabolism and to be indirectly induced by glucose. In addition, we identified novel AhrC-regulated genes encoding the Mn2+ importer YcsG and the ABC-type exporter YknUV. We found the expression of these genes was also regulated by glucose and contributes to the glucose induction of Mn2+ concentrations. ycsG expression is regulated by MntR as well. Furthermore, we analyzed the interaction of AhrC and MntR with the promoter driving ycsG expression and examined the Mn2+-dependent induction of this promoter to identify the transcription factors responsible for the Mn2+ induction. RNA-Seq revealed that disruption of ahrC and mntR affected the expression of 502 and 478 genes, respectively (false discovery rate, <0.001, log2[fold change] ≥ |2|. The AhrC- and/or MntR-dependent expression of twenty promoters was confirmed by LacZ analysis, and AhrC or MntR binding to some of these promoters was observed via EMSA. The finding that glucose promotes an increase in intracellular Mn2+ levels without changes in extracellular Mn2+ concentrations is reasonable for the bacterium, as intracellular Mn2+ is required for enzymes and pathways mediating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Ogura
- Institute of Oceanic Research and Development, Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | | | - Kei Asai
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Ray S, Gaudet R. Structures and coordination chemistry of transporters involved in manganese and iron homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:897-923. [PMID: 37283482 PMCID: PMC10330786 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A repertoire of transporters plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of biologically essential transition metals, manganese, and iron, thus ensuring cell viability. Elucidating the structure and function of many of these transporters has provided substantial understanding into how these proteins help maintain the optimal cellular concentrations of these metals. In particular, recent high-resolution structures of several transporters bound to different metals enable an examination of how the coordination chemistry of metal ion-protein complexes can help us understand metal selectivity and specificity. In this review, we first provide a comprehensive list of both specific and broad-based transporters that contribute to cellular homeostasis of manganese (Mn2+) and iron (Fe2+ and Fe3+) in bacteria, plants, fungi, and animals. Furthermore, we explore the metal-binding sites of the available high-resolution metal-bound transporter structures (Nramps, ABC transporters, P-type ATPase) and provide a detailed analysis of their coordination spheres (ligands, bond lengths, bond angles, and overall geometry and coordination number). Combining this information with the measured binding affinity of the transporters towards different metals sheds light into the molecular basis of substrate selectivity and transport. Moreover, comparison of the transporters with some metal scavenging and storage proteins, which bind metal with high affinity, reveal how the coordination geometry and affinity trends reflect the biological role of individual proteins involved in the homeostasis of these essential transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamayeeta Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Rachelle Gaudet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
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7
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Wright Z, Seymour M, Paszczak K, Truttmann T, Senn K, Stilp S, Jansen N, Gosz M, Goeden L, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Waters LS. The small protein MntS evolved from a signal peptide and acquired a novel function regulating manganese homeostasis in Escherichia coli. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543501. [PMID: 37398132 PMCID: PMC10312517 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Small proteins (< 50 amino acids) are emerging as ubiquitous and important regulators in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, where they commonly bind to and regulate larger proteins during stress responses. However, fundamental aspects of small proteins, such as their molecular mechanism of action, downregulation after they are no longer needed, and their evolutionary provenance are poorly understood. Here we show that the MntS small protein involved in manganese (Mn) homeostasis binds and inhibits the MntP Mn transporter. Mn is crucial for bacterial survival in stressful environments, but is toxic in excess. Thus, Mn transport is tightly controlled at multiple levels to maintain optimal Mn levels. The small protein MntS adds a new level of regulation for Mn transporters, beyond the known transcriptional and post-transcriptional control. We also found that MntS binds to itself in the presence of Mn, providing a possible mechanism of downregulating MntS activity to terminate its inhibition of MntP Mn export. MntS is homologous to the signal peptide of SitA, the periplasmic metal-binding subunit of a Mn importer. Remarkably, the homologous signal peptide regions can substitute for MntS, demonstrating a functional relationship between MntS and these signal peptides. Conserved gene-neighborhoods support that MntS evolved from an ancestral SitA, acquiring a life of its own with a distinct function in Mn homeostasis. Significance This study demonstrates that the MntS small protein binds and inhibits the MntP Mn exporter, adding another layer to the complex regulation of Mn homeostasis. MntS also interacts with itself in cells with Mn, which could prevent it from regulating MntP. We propose that MntS and other small proteins might sense environmental signals and shut off their own regulation via binding to ligands (e.g., metals) or other proteins. We also provide evidence that MntS evolved from the signal peptide region of the Mn importer, SitA. Homologous SitA signal peptides can recapitulate MntS activities, showing that they have a second function beyond protein secretion. Overall, we establish that small proteins can emerge and develop novel functionalities from gene remnants.
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8
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Lee JW. Bacterial Regulatory Mechanisms for the Control of Cellular Processes: Simple Organisms' Complex Regulation. J Microbiol 2023; 61:273-276. [PMID: 37010794 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Lee
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Sharma KK, Singh D, Mohite SV, Williamson PR, Kennedy JF. Metal manipulators and regulators in human pathogens: A comprehensive review on microbial redox copper metalloenzymes "multicopper oxidases and superoxide dismutases". Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 233:123534. [PMID: 36740121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of metal ions with human pathogens is essential for their survival, energy generation, redox signaling, and niche dominance. To regulate and manipulate the metal ions, various enzymes and metal chelators are present in pathogenic bacteria. Metalloenzymes incorporate transition metal such as iron, zinc, cobalt, and copper in their reaction centers to perform essential metabolic functions; however, iron and copper have gained more importance. Multicopper oxidases have the ability to perform redox reaction on phenolic substrates with the help of copper ions. They have been reported from Enterobacteriaceae, namely Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Yersinia enterocolitica, but their role in virulence is still poorly understood. Similarly, superoxide dismutases participate in reducing oxidative stress and allow the survival of pathogens. Their role in virulence and survival is well established in Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, to ensure survival against stress, like metal starvation or metal toxicity, redox metalloenzymes and metal transportation systems of pathogens actively participate in metal homeostasis. Recently, the omics and protein structure biology studies have helped to predict new targets for regulation the colonization potential of the pathogenic strains. The current review is focused on the major roles of redox metalloenzymes, especially MCOs and SODs of human pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
| | - Deepti Singh
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Shreya Vishwas Mohite
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Gut Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Peter R Williamson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, 5 the Croft, Buntsford Drive, Stoke Heath, Bromsgrove, Worcs B60 4JE, UK
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10
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Jelić Matošević Z, Radman K, Loubser J, Crnolatac I, Piantanida I, Cukrowski I, Ašler IL, Bertoša B. Structural Dynamics of the Bacillus subtilis MntR Transcription Factor Is Locked by Mn 2+ Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020957. [PMID: 36674477 PMCID: PMC9861239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (II) ions are essential for a variety of bacterial cellular processes. The transcription factor MntR is a metallosensor that regulates Mn2+ ion homeostasis in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Its DNA-binding affinity is increased by Mn2+ ion binding, allowing it to act as a transcriptional repressor of manganese import systems. Although experimentally well-researched, the molecular mechanism that regulates this process is still a puzzle. Computational simulations supported by circular dichroism (CD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and native gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE) experiments were employed to study MntR structural and dynamical properties in the presence and absence of Mn2+ ions. The results of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that Mn2+ ion binding reduces the structural dynamics of the MntR protein and shifts the dynamic equilibrium towards the conformations adequate for DNA binding. Results of CD and DSC measurements support the computational results showing the change in helical content and stability of the MntR protein upon Mn2+ ion binding. Further, MD simulations show that Mn2+ binding induces polarization of the protein electrostatic potential, increasing the positive electrostatic potential of the DNA-binding helices in particular. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the changes in protein structure and dynamics due to Mn2+ binding, a mutant in which Mn2+ binding is mimicked by a cysteine bridge was constructed and also studied computationally and experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Jelić Matošević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Radman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jolene Loubser
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ivo Crnolatac
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacy Cukrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Ivana Leščić Ašler
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Branimir Bertoša
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4606-132
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11
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Serrano-Gutiérrez M, Merino E. Antisense-acting riboswitches: A poorly characterized yet important model of transcriptional regulation in prokaryotic organisms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281744. [PMID: 36809273 PMCID: PMC9943018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboswitches are RNA elements involved in regulating genes that participate in the biosynthesis or transport of essential metabolites. They are characterized by their ability to recognize their target molecules with high affinity and specificity. Riboswitches are commonly cotranscribed with their target genes and are located at the 5' end of their transcriptional units. To date, only two exceptional cases of riboswitches being situated at the 3' end and transcribing in the antisense direction of their regulated genes have been described. The first case involves a SAM riboswitch located at the 3' end of the ubiG-mccB-mccA operon in Clostridium acetobutylicum involved in converting methionine to cysteine. The second case concerns a Cobalamin riboswitch in Listeria monocytogenes that regulates the transcription factor PocR related to this organism's pathogenic process. In almost a decade since the first descriptions of antisense-acting riboswitches, no new examples have been described. In this work, we performed a computational analysis to identify new examples of antisense-acting riboswitches. We found 292 cases in which, according to the available information, we infer that the expected regulation of the riboswitch is consistent with the signaling molecule it senses and the metabolic function of the regulated gene. The metabolic implications of this novel type of regulation are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Serrano-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Merino
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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12
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Kuwabara S, Landers ER, Fisher DJ. Impact of nutrients on the function of the chlamydial Rsb partner switching mechanism. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6831632. [PMID: 36385643 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections and infectious blindness. Chlamydia undergo a biphasic developmental cycle alternating between the infectious elementary body (EB) and the replicative reticulate body (RB). The molecular mechanisms governing RB growth and RB-EB differentiation are unclear. We hypothesize that the bacterium senses host cell and bacterial energy levels and metabolites to ensure that development and growth coincide with nutrient availability. We predict that a partner switching mechanism (PSM) plays a key role in the sensing and response process acting as a molecular throttle sensitive to metabolite levels. Using purified wild type and mutant PSM proteins, we discovered that metal type impacts enzyme activity and the substrate specificity of RsbU and that RsbW prefers ATP over GTP as a phosphate donor. Immunoblotting analysis of RsbV1/V2 demonstrated the presence of both proteins beyond 20 hours post infection and we observed that an RsbV1-null strain has a developmental delay and exhibits differential growth attenuation in response to glucose levels. Collectively, our data support that the PSM regulates growth in response to metabolites and further defines biochemical features governing PSM-component interactions which could help in the development of novel PSM-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiomi Kuwabara
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Evan R Landers
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - Derek J Fisher
- Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry Graduate Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
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13
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Peters SL, Morowitz MJ, Hettich RL. Antibiotic resistance and host immune system-induced metal bactericidal control are key factors for microbial persistence in the developing human preterm infant gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958638. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, which develops and stabilizes during the early stages of infant life, plays an essential role in host health through the production of metabolic resources and the stimulation and training of the immune system. To study colonization and community functional dynamics of the microbiota based on responses to host immune processes during the normal and dysbiotic establishment of the gut, metaproteomics was conducted on 91 fecal samples collected over the first 90 days of life from 17 hospitalized premature infants. Microbial responses to antibiotic administration and host-imposed metal bactericidal control correlated with community assembly and resiliency of microbes in the developing preterm gut. Specifically, proteins related to antibiotic resistance and metal homeostasis mechanisms were predominant in persisting members in the infant gut environment over the first several weeks of life. Overall, this metaproteomics study provides a unique approach to examine the temporal expansion and resilience of microbial colonization, as it allows simultaneous examination of both host and microbial metabolic activities. Understanding the interplay between host and microbes may elucidate the microbiome’s potential immunomodulatory roles relevant to necrotizing enterocolitis and other dysbiotic conditions in preterm infants.
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Martin JE, Waters LS. Regulation of Bacterial Manganese Homeostasis and Usage During Stress Responses and Pathogenesis. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:945724. [PMID: 35911964 PMCID: PMC9334652 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.945724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays a multifaceted role in the survival of pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria in eukaryotic hosts, and it is also important for free-living bacteria to grow in stressful environments. Previous research has uncovered components of the bacterial Mn homeostasis systems that control intracellular Mn levels, many of which are important for virulence. Multiple studies have also identified proteins that use Mn once it is inside the cell, including Mn-specific enzymes and enzymes transiently loaded with Mn for protection during oxidative stress. Emerging evidence continues to reveal proteins involved in maintaining Mn homeostasis, as well as enzymes that can bind Mn. For some of these enzymes, Mn serves as an essential cofactor. For other enzymes, mismetallation with Mn can lead to inactivation or poor activity. Some enzymes may even potentially be regulated by differential metallation with Mn or zinc (Zn). This review focuses on new developments in regulatory mechanisms that affect Mn homeostasis and usage, additional players in Mn import that increase bacterial survival during pathogenesis, and the interplay between Mn and other metals during Mn-responsive physiological processes. Lastly, we highlight lessons learned from fundamental research that are now being applied to bacterial interactions within larger microbial communities or eukaryotic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
| | - Lauren S. Waters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, United States
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15
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Uppalapati SR, Vazquez-Torres A. Manganese Utilization in Salmonella Pathogenesis: Beyond the Canonical Antioxidant Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:924925. [PMID: 35903545 PMCID: PMC9315381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal ion manganese (Mn2+) is equally coveted by hosts and bacterial pathogens. The host restricts Mn2+ in the gastrointestinal tract and Salmonella-containing vacuoles, as part of a process generally known as nutritional immunity. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium counteract Mn2+ limitation using a plethora of metal importers, whose expression is under elaborate transcriptional and posttranscriptional control. Mn2+ serves as cofactor for a variety of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense or central metabolism. Because of its thermodynamic stability and low reactivity, bacterial pathogens may favor Mn2+-cofactored metalloenzymes during periods of oxidative stress. This divalent metal catalyzes metabolic flow through lower glycolysis, reductive tricarboxylic acid and the pentose phosphate pathway, thereby providing energetic, redox and biosynthetic outputs associated with the resistance of Salmonella to reactive oxygen species generated in the respiratory burst of professional phagocytic cells. Combined, the oxyradical-detoxifying properties of Mn2+ together with the ability of this divalent metal cation to support central metabolism help Salmonella colonize the mammalian gut and establish systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva R. Uppalapati
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Siva R. Uppalapati, ; Andres Vazquez-Torres,
| | - Andres Vazquez-Torres
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Siva R. Uppalapati, ; Andres Vazquez-Torres,
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16
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Wang Y, Liu L, Pu X, Ma C, Qu H, Wei M, Zhang K, Wu Q, Li C. Transcriptome Analysis and SNP Identification Reveal That Heterologous Overexpression of Two Uncharacterized Genes Enhances the Tolerance of Magnaporthe oryzae to Manganese Toxicity. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0260521. [PMID: 35638819 PMCID: PMC9241697 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02605-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese is a crucial trace element that constitutes the cofactors of many enzymes. However, excessive Mn2+ can be toxic for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The mechanism of fungal genetics and metabolism in response to Mn2+ stress remains understudied, warranting further studies. Magnaporthe oryzae is well-established as the most destructive pathogen of rice. A field strain, YN2046, more sensitive to Mn2+ toxicity than other strains, was obtained from a previous study. Herein, we explored the genetic mechanisms of Mn2+ sensitivity in YN2046 through comparative transcriptomic analyses. We found that many genes previously reported to participate in Mn2+ stress were not regulated in YN2046. These non-responsive genes might cause Mn2+ sensitivity in YN2046. Weight gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to characterize the expression profile in YN2046. Some overexpressed genes were only found in the Mn2+ tolerant isolate YN125. Among these, many single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were identified between YN125 and YN2046, which might disrupt the expression levels of Mn responsive genes. We cloned two uncharacterized genes, MGG_13347 and MGG_16609, from YN125 and transformed them to YN2046 with a strong promoter. Our results showed that the heterologous overexpression of two genes in YN2046 restored its sensitivity. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses were performed to understand Mn tolerance mechanisms mediated by the two heterologous overexpressed genes. Our results showed that heterologous overexpression of these two genes activated downstream gene expression and metabolite production to restore M. oryzae sensitivity to Mn, implying that SNPs in responsive genes account for different phenotypes of the two strains under Mn stress. IMPORTANCE Heavy metals are used for fungicides as they target phytopathogen in multiple ways. Magnaporthe oryzae is the most destructive rice pathogen and is threatening global rice production. In the eukaryotes, the regulation mechanisms of Mn homeostasis often focus on the posttranslation, there were a few results about regulation at transcript level. The comparative transcriptome analysis showed that fewer genes were regulated in the Mn-sensitive strain. WGCNA and SNP analyses found that mutations in promoter and coding sequence regions might disrupt the expression of genes involved in Mn detoxification in the sensitive strain. We transferred two unannotated genes that were cloned from the Mn-tolerant strain into a sensitive strain with strong promoters, and the transformants exhibited an enhanced tolerance to Mn2+ toxicity. Transcriptome and biochemistry results indicated that heterologous overexpression of the two genes enhanced the tolerance to Mn toxicity by reactivation of downstream genes in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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17
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Elucidation of the coping strategy in an OMP homozygous knockout mutant of Synechocystis 6803 defective in iron uptake. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02968-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Iron-responsive riboswitches. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Gu T, Tong Z, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Hwang TS, Li L. Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115951. [PMID: 35682628 PMCID: PMC9180420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenghu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tzann-Shun Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-S.H.); (L.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (T.G.); (Z.T.); (X.Z.); (Z.W.); (Z.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.-S.H.); (L.L.)
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20
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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21
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Paramagnetic resonance investigation of mono- and di-manganese-containing systems in biochemistry. Methods Enzymol 2022; 666:315-372. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Charbonnier M, González-Espinoza G, Kehl-Fie TE, Lalaouna D. Battle for Metals: Regulatory RNAs at the Front Line. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:952948. [PMID: 35865816 PMCID: PMC9294342 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.952948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal such as iron, zinc, manganese, and nickel are essential elements for bacteria. These nutrients are required in crucial structural and catalytic roles in biological processes, including precursor biosynthesis, DNA replication, transcription, respiration, and oxidative stress responses. While essential, in excess these nutrients can also be toxic. The immune system leverages both of these facets, to limit bacterial proliferation and combat invaders. Metal binding immune proteins reduce the bioavailability of metals at the infection sites starving intruders, while immune cells intoxicate pathogens by providing metals in excess leading to enzyme mismetallation and/or reactive oxygen species generation. In this dynamic metal environment, maintaining metal homeostasis is a critical process that must be precisely coordinated. To achieve this, bacteria utilize diverse metal uptake and efflux systems controlled by metalloregulatory proteins. Recently, small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) have been revealed to be critical post-transcriptional regulators, working in conjunction with transcription factors to promote rapid adaptation and to fine-tune bacterial adaptation to metal abundance. In this mini review, we discuss the expanding role for sRNAs in iron homeostasis, but also in orchestrating adaptation to the availability of other metals like manganese and nickel. Furthermore, we describe the sRNA-mediated interdependency between metal homeostasis and oxidative stress responses, and how regulatory networks controlled by sRNAs contribute to survival and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Charbonnier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Thomas E Kehl-Fie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL, United States
| | - David Lalaouna
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Puccio T, Kunka KS, An SS, Kitten T. Contribution of a ZIP-family protein to manganese uptake and infective endocarditis virulence in Streptococcus sanguinis. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:353-374. [PMID: 34855265 PMCID: PMC8844249 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is an important cause of infective endocarditis. In strain SK36, the ABC‐family manganese transporter, SsaACB, is essential for virulence. We have now identified a ZIP‐family protein, TmpA, as a secondary manganese transporter. A tmpA mutant had no phenotype, but a ΔssaACB ΔtmpA mutant was more attenuated for serum growth and for virulence in a rabbit model than its ΔssaACB parent. The growth of both mutants was restored by supplemental manganese, but the ΔssaACB ΔtmpA mutant required twenty‐fold more and accumulated less. Although ZIP‐family proteins are known for zinc and iron transport, TmpA‐mediated transport of either metal was minimal. While ssaACB appears ubiquitous in St. sanguinis, tmpA was present in a majority of strains and a mntH gene encoding an NRAMP‐family transporter was identified in relatively few, including VMC66. As in SK36, deletion of ssaACB greatly diminished VMC66 endocarditis virulence and serum growth, and deletion of tmpA from this mutant diminished virulence further. Virulence was not significantly altered by deletion of mntH from either VMC66 or its ΔssaACB mutant. This and the accompanying paper together suggest that SsaACB is of primary importance for endocarditis virulence while secondary transporters TmpA and MntH contribute to growth under differing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Puccio
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Karina S Kunka
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Seon-Sook An
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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24
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Bosma EF, Rau MH, van Gijtenbeek LA, Siedler S. Regulation and distinct physiological roles of manganese in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6284802. [PMID: 34037759 PMCID: PMC8632737 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn2+) is an essential trace element within organisms spanning the entire tree of life. In this review, we provide an overview of Mn2+ transport and the regulation of its homeostasis in bacteria, with a focus on its functions beyond being a cofactor for enzymes. Crucial differences in Mn2+ homeostasis exist between bacterial species that can be characterized to have an iron- or manganese-centric metabolism. Highly iron-centric species require minimal Mn2+ and mostly use it as a mechanism to cope with oxidative stress. As a consequence, tight regulation of Mn2+ uptake is required, while organisms that use both Fe2+ and Mn2+ need other layers of regulation for maintaining homeostasis. We will focus in detail on manganese-centric bacterial species, in particular lactobacilli, that require little to no Fe2+ and use Mn2+ for a wider variety of functions. These organisms can accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of Mn2+ intracellularly, enabling the nonenzymatic use of Mn2+ for decomposition of reactive oxygen species while simultaneously functioning as a mechanism of competitive exclusion. We further discuss how Mn2+ accumulation can provide both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria with advantages in thriving in their niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elleke F Bosma
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Discovery, R&D, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Martin H Rau
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Discovery, R&D, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | - Solvej Siedler
- Corresponding author: Boege Allé 10-12, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark. Tel: +45 52 18 08 25; E-mail:
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25
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Puccio T, Kunka KS, Zhu B, Xu P, Kitten T. Manganese Depletion Leads to Multisystem Changes in the Transcriptome of the Opportunistic Pathogen Streptococcus sanguinis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:592615. [PMID: 33250881 PMCID: PMC7674665 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus sanguinis is a primary colonizer of teeth and is typically considered beneficial due to its antagonistic relationship with the cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans. However, S. sanguinis can also act as an opportunistic pathogen should it enter the bloodstream and colonize a damaged heart valve, leading to infective endocarditis. Studies have implicated manganese acquisition as an important virulence determinant in streptococcal endocarditis. A knockout mutant lacking the primary manganese import system in S. sanguinis, SsaACB, is severely attenuated for virulence in an in vivo rabbit model. Manganese is a known cofactor for several important enzymes in S. sanguinis, including superoxide dismutase, SodA, and the aerobic ribonucleotide reductase, NrdEF. To determine the effect of manganese depletion on S. sanguinis, we performed transcriptomic analysis on a ΔssaACB mutant grown in aerobic fermentor conditions after the addition of the metal chelator EDTA. Despite the broad specificity of EDTA, analysis of cellular metal content revealed a decrease in manganese, but not in other metals, that coincided with a drop in growth rate. Subsequent supplementation with manganese, but not iron, zinc, or magnesium, restored growth in the fermentor post-EDTA. Reduced activity of Mn-dependent SodA and NrdEF likely contributed to the decreased growth rate post-EDTA, but did not appear entirely responsible. With the exception of the Dps-like peroxide resistance gene, dpr, manganese depletion did not induce stress response systems. By comparing the transcriptome of ΔssaACB cells pre- and post-EDTA, we determined that manganese deprivation led to altered expression of diverse systems. Manganese depletion also led to an apparent induction of carbon catabolite repression in a glucose-independent manner. The combined results suggest that manganese limitation produces effects in S. sanguinis that are diverse and complex, with no single protein or system appearing entirely responsible for the observed growth rate decrease. This study provides further evidence for the importance of this trace element in streptococcal biology. Future studies will focus on determining mechanisms for regulation, as the multitude of changes observed in this study indicate that multiple regulators may respond to manganese levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Todd Kitten
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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26
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Zheng F, Wang T, Niu C, Zheng R, Liu C, Wang J, Li Q. Roles of Divalent-Cation Transporter Genes mntB and mntC of Beer Spoilage Bacteria in Resisting Hop Bitter Compound Iso-α-Acid. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1814049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianmu Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruilong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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27
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Betts JW, Roth P, Pattrick CA, Southam HM, La Ragione RM, Poole RK, Schatzschneider U. Antibacterial activity of Mn(I) and Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes conjugated to a bile acid carrier molecule. Metallomics 2020; 12:1563-1575. [PMID: 32856674 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00142b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A bifunctional cholic acid-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (bpa) ligand featuring an amide linker was coordinated to a manganese(i) or rhenium(i) tricarbonyl moiety to give [M(bpacholamide)(CO)3] with M = Mn, Re in good yield and very high purity. Strong antibacterial activity was observed against four strains of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2-3.5 μM. No difference in response was observed for the MSSA vs. MRSA strains. Activity was also independent of the nature of the metal center, as the Mn and Re complexes showed essentially identical MIC values. In contrast to some other metal carbonyl complexes, the activity seems to be unrelated to the release of carbon monoxide, as photoactivation of the Mn complex reduced the potency by a factor of 2-8. Both metal complexes were non-toxic in Galleria mellonella larvae at concentrations of up to 100× the MIC value. In vivo testing in Galleria larvae infected with MRSA/MSSA demonstrated a significant increase in overall survival rates from 46% in the control to 88% in the group treated with the metal complexes. ICP-MS analysis showed that the Mn and Re cholamide complexes are efficiently internalized by E. coli cells and do not interfere with membrane integrity, as evident from a lack of release of intracellular ATP. An increased sensitivity was observed in acrB, acrD, and mdt mutants that are defective in multidrug exporters, indicating that the compounds have an intracellular mechanism of action. Furthermore, E. coli mntP mutants defective in the gene encoding an Mn exporter were more sensitive than the wildtype, while inactivation of the regulator that controls expression of the Mn uptake proteins MntP and MntH slightly increased sensitivity to the compound. Single knockout mutants defective in genes linked to bile salt and oxidative stress response (dinF, yiaH, sodA, katE, and soxS) did not show increased sensitivity relative to the wild type. Overall, neither the cholic acid moiety nor the metal-carbonyl fragment alone appear to be responsible for the biological activity observed and thus the search for the primary intracellular target continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jono W Betts
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Patrick Roth
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Calum A Pattrick
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah M Southam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Robert K Poole
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Ulrich Schatzschneider
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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