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Liu M, He C, Zhu T, Jia X, Zhang L, Jiang W, Chi C, Li X, Jiang G, Liu H, Zhang D. Characterizing and identifying of miRNAs involved in berberine modulating glucose metabolism of Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01362-1. [PMID: 38963582 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study, as one part of a larger project that aimed to investigate the effects of dietary berberine (BBR) on fish growth and glucose regulation, mainly focused on whether miRNAs involve in BBR's modulation of glucose metabolism in fish. Blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala (average weight of 20.36 ± 1.44 g) were exposed to the control diet (NCD, 30% carbohydrate), the high-carbohydrate diet (HCD, 43% carbohydrate) and the berberine diet (HCB, HCD supplemented with 50 mg/kg BBR). After 10 weeks' feeding trial, intraperitoneal injection of glucose was conducted, and then, the plasma and liver were sampled at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h. The results showed the plasma glucose levels in all groups rose sharply and peaked at 1 h after glucose injection. Unlike the NCD and HCB groups, the plasma glucose in the HCD group did not decrease after 1 h, while remained high level until at 2 h. The NCD group significantly increased liver glycogen content at times 0-2 h compared to the other two groups and then liver glycogen decreased sharply until at times 6-12 h. To investigate the role of BBR that may cause the changes in plasma glucose and liver glycogen, miRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed on three groups of liver tissues at 2 h time point. Eventually, 20 and 12 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were obtained in HCD vs NCD and HCB vs HCD, respectively. Through function analyzing, we found that HCD may affect liver metabolism under glucose loading through the NF-κB pathway; and miRNAs regulated by BBR mainly play roles in adipocyte lipolysis, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and amino acid transmembrane transport. In the functional exploration of newly discovered novel:Chr12_18892, we found its target gene, adenylate cyclase 3 (adcy3), was widely involved in lipid decomposition, amino acid metabolism, and other pathways. Furthermore, a targeting relationship of novel:Chr12_18892 and adcy3 was confirmed by double luciferase assay. Thus, BBR may promote novel:Chr12_18892 to regulate the expression of adcy3 and participate in glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hengtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang L, Yan X, Qin C, Nie G. Spexin acts as a novel glucose-lowering factor in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149810. [PMID: 38531222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
At present, the physiological roles of various hormones in fish glucose metabolism have been elucidated. Spexin, a 14-amino acids polypeptide, is highly conserved in many species and has functions such as reducing body weight and improving insulin resistance. In this paper, the open reading frame (ORF) of spx21 in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was cloned, and the tissue distribution of spx1 and spx2, their direct and indirect regulatory effects on glucose metabolism of grass carp were investigated. The ORF of spx2 gene in grass carp was 279 bp in length. Moreover, spx1 was highly expressed in the adipose tissue, while spx2 was highly expressed in the brain. In vitro, SPX1 and SPX2 showed opposite effects on the glycolytic pathway in the primary hepatocytes. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 and SPX2 significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased hepatopancreas glycogen contents. Meanwhile, SPX1 and SPX2 promoted the expression of key genes of glycolysis (pk) and glycogen synthesis (gys) in the hepatopancreas at 3 h post injection. As for indirect effects, 1000 nM SPX1 and SPX2 significantly increased insulin-mediated liver type phosphofructokinase (pfkla) mRNA expression and enhanced the inhibitory effects of insulin on glucose-6-phosphatase (g6pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck), glycogen phosphorylase L (pygl) mRNA expression. Our results show that SPX1 and SPX2 have similar indirect effects on the regulation of glucose metabolism that enhance insulin activity, but they exhibit opposite roles in terms of direct effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Qin C, Wang J, Yang L, Yan X, Zhi S, Nie G. Phosphofructokinase family genes in grass carp: Molecular identification and tissue-specific expression in response to glucose, insulin and glucagon. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110898. [PMID: 37673204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that glucose serves as the primary energy source for organisms. However, fish exhibit persistent postprandial hyperglycemia and are thought to have low glucose tolerance. Glycolysis serves as the ubiquitous pathway for glucose catabolism, with phosphofructokinase (PFK) acting as a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in this process and playing an indispensable role. PFK is classified into three isoforms based on their major expression sites, i.e., PFKM (skeletal muscle type), PFKL (liver type) and PFKP (platelet type). In this study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was used as animal model and the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of six PFK genetic isoforms of grass carp were cloned. Real-time PCR was used to detect its tissue distribution, and expression changes in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and glucagon injection experiments. The results showed that the ORF of pfkla, pfklb, pfkma, pfkmb, pfkpa and pfkpb genes was 2343, 2340, 2355, 2331, 2364 and 2349 bp in length, respectively. The results of tissue distribution showed that pfkla and pfklb, homologous to mammalian pfkl, exhibited low expression levels in the liver of grass carp, but were expressed at the highest level in the brain. Muscle-type pfkma and pfkmb mRNA were found to be highly expressed in both red and white muscle, with pfkmb also exhibiting high expression levels in the heart, while platelet type pfkpa and pfkpb showed high mRNA abundances in the brain and heart. Oral glucose administration stimulated pfkma and pfkmb mRNA expression in the red muscle, and up-regulated pfklb mRNA levels in the liver at 3 h post treatment, but it suppressed liver-type and platelet-type PFK genes expression in the brain. The expression of pfkmb in white muscle and pfkmb and pfkpb in heart were promoted by insulin, whereas the expression of pfkla and pfkpb in the brain, pfkma and pfkmb in the red muscle, pfkma in the white muscle, and pfklb in the liver was suppressed by insulin. As for glucagon, it inhibited pfkma and pfkmb mRNA expression in the red muscle, as well as pfklb in the liver, but it up-regulated PFK genes expression in most tissues detected, such as brain (pfklb, pfkpa and pfkpb), white muscle (pfkma and pfkmb), liver (pfkla) and heart (pfkmb and pfkpb). Our results suggest that PFK family genes have different or even opposite expression patterns in response to glucose, insulin and glucagon stimulation in various tissues of grass carp, which may contribute to glucose intolerance in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Junli Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Zhi
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, No. 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
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Xi L, Zhai G, Liu Y, Gong Y, Lu Q, Zhang Z, Liu H, Jin J, Zhu X, Yin Z, Xie S, Han D. Attenuated glucose uptake promotes catabolic metabolism through activated AMPK signaling and impaired insulin signaling in zebrafish. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1187283. [PMID: 37305084 PMCID: PMC10250679 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1187283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism in fish remains a controversial area of research as many fish species are traditionally considered glucose-intolerant. Although energy homeostasis remodeling has been observed in fish with inhibited fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), the effects and mechanism of the remodeling caused by blocked glucose uptake remain poorly understood. In this study, we blocked glucose uptake by knocking out glut2 in zebrafish. Intriguingly, the complete lethality, found in Glut2-null mice, was not observed in glut2-/- zebrafish. Approxiamately 30% of glut2-/- fish survived to adulthood and could reproduce. The maternal zygotic mutant glut2 (MZglut2) fish exhibited growth retardation, decreased blood and tissue glucose levels, and low locomotion activity. The decreased pancreatic β-cell numbers and insulin expression, as well as liver insulin receptor a (insra), fatty acid synthesis (chrebp, srebf1, fasn, fads2, and scd), triglyceride synthesis (dgat1a), and muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mtor) of MZglut2 zebrafish, suggest impaired insulin-dependent anabolic metabolism. Upregulated expression of lipolysis (atgl and lpl) and FAO genes (cpt1aa and cpt1ab) in the liver and proteolysis genes (bckdk, glud1b, and murf1a) in muscle were observed in the MZglut2 zebrafish, as well as elevated levels of P-AMPK proteins in both the liver and muscle, indicating enhanced catabolic metabolism associated with AMPK signaling. In addition, decreased amino acids and elevated carnitines of the MZglut2 zebrafish supported the decreased protein and lipid content of the whole fish. In summary, we found that blocked glucose uptake impaired insulin signaling-mediated anabolism via β-cell loss, while AMPK signaling-mediated catabolism was enhanced. These findings reveal the mechanism of energy homeostasis remodeling caused by blocked glucose uptake, which may be a potential strategy for adapting to low glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang X, Huang C, Yang Y, Li X, Guo C, Yang Z, Xie S, Luo J, Zhu T, Zhao W, Jin M, Zhou Q. Dietary Corn Starch Levels Regulated Insulin-Mediated Glycemic Responses and Glucose Homeostasis in Swimming Crab ( Portunus trituberculatus). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:2355274. [PMID: 36860440 PMCID: PMC9973156 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2355274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate is the cheapest source of energy among the three major nutrient groups, an appropriate amount of carbohydrates can reduce feed cost and improve growth performance, but carnivorous aquatic animals cannot effectively utilize carbohydrates. The objectives of the present study are aimed at exploring the effects of dietary corn starch levels on glucose loading capacity, insulin-mediated glycemic responses, and glucose homeostasis for Portunus trituberculatus. After two weeks of feeding trial, swimming crabs were starved and sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. The results indicated that crabs fed diet with 0% corn starch exhibited lower glucose concentration in hemolymph than those fed with the other diets, and glucose concentration in hemolymph remained low with the extension of sampling time. The glucose concentration in hemolymph of crabs fed with 6% and 12% corn starch diets reached the peak after 2 hours of feeding; however, the glucose concentration in hemolymph of crabs fed with 24% corn starch attained the highest value after 3 hours of feeding, and the hyperglycemia lasted for 3 hours and decreased rapidly after 6 hours of feeding. Enzyme activities in hemolymph related to glucose metabolism such as pyruvate kinase (PK), glucokinase (GK), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were significantly influenced by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. Glycogen content in hepatopancreas of crabs fed with 6% and 12% corn starch first increased and then decreased; however, the glycogen content in hepatopancreas of crabs fed with 24% corn starch significantly increased with the prolongation of feeding time. In the 24% corn starch diet, insulin-like peptide (ILP) in hemolymph reached a peak after 1 hour of feeding and then significantly decreased, whereas crustacean hyperglycemia hormone (CHH) was not significantly influenced by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. ATP content in hepatopancreas peaked at 1 h after feeding and then decreased significantly in different corn starch feeding groups, while the opposite trend was observed in NADH. The activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I, II, III, and V of crabs fed with different corn starch diets significantly increased first and then decreased. In addition, relative expressions of genes related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, insulin signaling pathway, and energy metabolism were significantly affected by dietary corn starch levels and sampling time. In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal glucose metabolic responses were regulated by different corn starch levels at different time points and play an important role in clearing glucose through increased activity of insulin, glycolysis, and glycogenesis, along with gluconeogenesis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chaokai Huang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shichao Xie
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiaxiang Luo
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Min Jin
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qicun Zhou
- Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Gluconeogenesis Alteration and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 Signaling Adaptive Regulation in Sheep from Different Grazing Periods. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4614665. [PMID: 35936357 PMCID: PMC9352496 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4614665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The decline in sheep health and meat quality caused by seasonal nutritional deficiencies has always been an important problem in the production of naturally grazing sheep. Glucose metabolism is crucial in ruminants for adequate cell function and maintenance of the body tissues and systems. However, whether glucose metabolism, especially gluconeogenesis, is affected by seasonal grazing conditions has not been fully uncovered. Thus, twelve sheep from two seasons (dry and green grass periods) in natural grazing areas of Inner Mongolia, China, were selected for this study. Their serum glucose, insulin, PC, and PEPCK levels and volatile fatty acid (gluconeogenesis material) concentrations in rumen fluid were analyzed. The expression of key enzymes including PC, PEPCK, GLUT2, and G6P of gluconeogenesis and their regulators INSR, PI3K/AKT and p53-SIRT6-Fox01 in the liver was detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The results revealed significant variances in gluconeogenesis and its indicators and showed p53-SIRT6-Fox01 as having potential regulation in different grazing periods. This study offers new insights into the mechanism of gluconeogenesis and adaptive regulation between dry grass period and green grass period and also provides a reference for maintaining the health of sheep and meat quality despite seasonal nutritional deficiencies.
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Weinrauch AM, Clifford AM, Folkerts EJ, Schaefer CM, Giacomin M, Goss GG. Molecular identification and post-prandial regulation of glucose carrier proteins in the hindgut of Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R336-R345. [PMID: 35138949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hagfish are an excellent model species in which to draw inferences on the evolution of transport systems in early-vertebrates owing to their basal position in vertebrate phylogeny. Glucose is a ubiquitous cellular energy source that is transported into cells via two classes of carrier proteins: sodium-glucose linked transporters (Sglt; Slc5a) and glucose transporters (Glut; Slc2a). While previous pharmacological evidence has suggested the presence of both sodium-dependent and -independent transport mechanisms in the hagfish, the molecular identities were heretofore unconfirmed. We have identified and phylogenetically characterized both a Slc5a1-like and Slc2a-like gene in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii); the latter sharing common ancestry with other glucose-transporting isoforms of the Slc2a family. To assess the potential post-prandial regulation of these glucose transporters, we examined the abundance and localization of these transporters with qPCR and immunohistochemistry alongside functional studies using radiolabeled 14C-D-glucose. The effects of glucose- or insulin-injection on glucose transport rate and transporter expression were also examined to determine their potential role(s) in the regulation of intestinal glucose carrier proteins. Feeding prompted an increase in glucose uptake across the hindgut at both 0.5 mM (~84%) and 1 mM (~183%) concentrations. Concomitant increases were observed in hindgut Slc5a1 protein expression. These effects were not observed following either of glucose- or insulin-injection, indicating these post-prandial factors are not the driving force for transporter regulation over this timeframe. We conclude that Pacific hagfish utilize evolutionarily-conserved mechanisms of glucose uptake and so represent a useful model to understand early vertebrate evolution of glucose uptake and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander M Clifford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield, BC, Canada.,Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christina M Schaefer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield, BC, Canada
| | - Marina Giacomin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield, BC, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, 100 Pachena Rd, Bamfield, BC, Canada
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Castillo-Collado ADC, Frías-Quintana CA, Morales-Garcia V, Alvarez-Villagomez CS, Asencio-Alcudia G, Peña-Marín ES, Martínez-Bautista G, Jiménez-Martinez LD, Álvarez-González CA. Characterization and expression of the gene glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) in embryonic, larval and adult Bay snook Petenia splendida (Cichliformes: Cichlidae). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Bay snook (Petenia splendida) is a carnivorous cichlid species with excellent economic value in Southeast Mexico. Although this species presents an excellent potential for commercial aquaculture, the information about its nutritional, physiological, and reproductive metabolic pathways is meager. The current study focuses on the expression of glucose transporter 2 (glut2) in embryos and larvae at 5, 10, 15-, 20-, 25-, and 30-days post-hatch (dph) and in the liver, intestine, kidney, muscle, heart, testicle, gill, stomach, pancreas, and brain of adult fish. The partial sequence of glut2 was obtained, and specific qPCR primers were designed. In embryos, the expression was lower compared to larvae at 5, 15, and 20 dph. The highest expression in larvae occurred at 20 dph and the lowest at 25 and 30 dph. Maximum expression levels in adults occurred in the liver and intestine. Our results show that glut2 is expressed differentially across tissues of adult bay snook, and it fluctuates during larval development.
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Yang L, Zhi S, Yang G, Qin C, Yan X, Niu M, Zhang W, Liu M, Zhao M, Nie G. Molecular identification of glucose transporter 4: The responsiveness to starvation, glucose, insulin and glucagon on glucose transporter 4 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1843-1856. [PMID: 34418098 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is comprehensively investigated in mammals, while the comparative research of GLUT4 in common carp is deficient. To investigate the function of GLUT4, carp glut4 was first isolated. The open reading frame of carp glut4 was 1518 bp in length, encoding 505 amino acids. A high-sequence homology was identified in carp and teleost, and the phylogenetic tree displayed that the carp GLUT4 was clustered with the teleost. A high level of glut4 mRNA was analysed in fat, red muscle and white muscle. After fasting treatment, glut4 mRNA expression was increased significantly in muscle. In the oral glucose tolerance test experiment, glut4 mRNA was also significantly elevated in muscle, gut and fat. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of insulin resulted in the upregulation of glut4 gene expression significantly in white muscle, gut and fat. On the contrary, the glut4 mRNA level in the white muscle, gut and fat was markedly downregulated after glucagon injection. These results suggest that GLUT4 might play important roles in food intake and could be regulated by nutrient condition, insulin and glucagon in common carp. Our study is the first to report on GLUT4 in common carp. These data provide a basis for further study on fish GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoyang Zhi
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingming Niu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenlei Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mingyu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Cultivation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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10
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Kuz’mina VV. Specific Features of Nutrient Transport
in the Digestive Tract of Fish. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Deng D, Yan X, Zhao W, Qin C, Yang G, Nie G. Glucose transporter 2 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.): molecular cloning, tissue expression, and the responsiveness to glucose, insulin, and glucagon. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:1207-1218. [PMID: 32212006 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00782-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose transporter 2 (glut2) has been studied in mammals, aves, and several fish, while the comparative studies of glut2 in common carp are still lacking. In this study, glut2 was firstly isolated and characterized from the liver of common carp. The full-length cDNA of glut2 was 2351 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1512 bp, encoding 503 amino acids. Alignment of glut2 amino acid sequences from different species revealed that common carp glut2 showed higher sequence identity with teleosts, and lower homology with mammals and amphibians. Tissue distribution demonstrated that glut2 mRNA level was mainly expressed in liver, foregut, and midgut. To investigate the actions of glut2 on glucose metabolism, the level of glut2 mRNA was detected after intraperitoneal injection of glucose, human insulin and glucagon (100 ng/g), respectively. Following glucose administration, glut2 gene expression was significantly upregulated at 3 h in the foregut. However, no change was found in hepatic glut2 mRNA level, indicating that glut2 may have a role in intestinal glucose uptake rather than in the liver. Following insulin treatment, the expression of glut2 was markedly downregulated at 3 h and 6 h in the liver, and at 3 h in the foregut, respectively. Furthermore, glut2 mRNA expression was unaffected by glucagon injection in the liver and foregut. These results suggested that the expression of glut2 regulated by pancreatic hormones was different. Taken together, our studies firstly revealed the structure of the glut2 gene and its potential functions in glucose metabolism of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Deng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Chaobin Qin
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China.
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