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Zhou Y, Yao L, Pan L, Wang H. Bioaccumulation and function analysis of glutathione S-transferase isoforms in Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to different kinds of PAHs. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:129-139. [PMID: 34955196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the function of different glutathione S-transferase (GST) isoforms and detoxification metabolism responses in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, exposed to 4 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) single, and their mixtures for 15 days under laboratory conditions. 13 kinds of GSTs in R. philippinarum were classified, and the results of tissue distribution indicated that 12 kinds of GSTs (except GST sigma 3) expressed most in digestive glands. We detected the mRNA expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, and detoxification system in digestive glands of clams exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene (CHR), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and BaP + CHR + BaA + BbF, respectively. Among these genes, we selected GST-sigma, GST-omega and GST-pi as potential indicators to BaP; GST-sigma, GST-A and GST-rho to CHR; GST-pi, GST-sigma, GST-A, GST-rho and GST-microsomal to BaA; GST-theta and GST-mu to BbF; while GST-pi and GST-mu to the mixture of BaP, CHR, BaA and BbF. Additionally, the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues increased remarkably over time, and showed an obvious dose-effect. Under the same concentration, the bioaccumulation in single exposure group was higher than that in mixture group, and the bioaccumulation of PAHs in tissues with different concentrations of stress was irregular. The results revealed the metabolic differences and bioaccumulation rules in clams exposed to four kinds of PAHs, and provided more valuable information for the PAHs risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Linlin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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2
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Santonocito M, Salerno B, Trombini C, Tonini F, Pintado-Herrera MG, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Blasco J, Lara-Martín PA, Hampel M. Stress under the sun: Effects of exposure to low concentrations of UV-filter 4- methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) in a marine bivalve filter feeder, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105418. [PMID: 32078887 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants with an annual estimated production of 10,000 tons worldwide that continuously enter aquatic environments. Among UV filters, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor (4-MBC) is an organic camphor derivative used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to protect the skin against UV, specifically UV B radiation. Individuals of the Japanese clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed to 4-MBC at environmentally relevant and slightly higher concentrations (nominal: 0, 1, 10, 100 μg L-1) using a semi-static exposure system over a 7-days period followed by a 3-days depuration period (total 10 days) where no 4-MBC was added to the tanks. Assessed mortality reached up to 100 % at the highest exposure concentration and a LC50 value of 7.71 μg·L-14-MBC was derived. Environmental risk assessment carried out in a site specific environment, the Cadiz bay in the south of Spain, revealed a potential risk produced by the presence of 4-MBC. Digestive glands tissues were analysed for differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the stress response (SOD, MT, GST, EIF1, BCL2, TP53, CAT, 18S, GADPH, GPX, GADD45, THIO9) by RT-qPCR for relative quantification. Results showed that the presence of 4-MBC at environmentally relevant concentrations induced the expression of genes that encode for antioxidant enzymes (GST) and for proteins related to the inhibition of apoptosis (BCL2) and cellular stress (GADD), suggesting a physiological stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Santonocito
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Barbara Salerno
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Chiara Trombini
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Federico Tonini
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales (CASEM), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marina G Pintado-Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales (CASEM), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gonzálo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Campus Universitario Rio San Pedro, 11519, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Antonio Lara-Martín
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales (CASEM), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI•MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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3
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Milan M, Smits M, Dalla Rovere G, Iori S, Zampieri A, Carraro L, Martino C, Papetti C, Ianni A, Ferri N, Iannaccone M, Patarnello T, Brunetta R, Ciofi C, Grotta L, Arcangeli G, Bargelloni L, Cardazzo B, Martino G. Host-microbiota interactions shed light on mortality events in the striped venus clam Chamelea gallina. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4486-4499. [PMID: 31482594 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortalities due to disease outbreaks have recently affected a number of major taxa in marine ecosystems. Climate- and pollution-induced stress may compromise host immune defenses, increasing the risk of opportunistic diseases. Despite growing evidence that mass mortality events affecting marine species worldwide are strongly influenced by the interplay of numerous environmental factors, the reductionist approaches most frequently used to investigate these factors hindered the interpretation of these multifactorial pathologies. In this study, we propose a broader approach based on the combination of RNA-sequencing and 16S microbiota analyses to decipher the factors underlying mass mortality in the striped venus clam, Chamelea gallina, along the Adriatic coast. On one hand, gene expression profiling and functional analyses of microbial communities showed the over-expression of several genes and molecular pathways involved in xenobiotic metabolism, suggesting potential chemical contamination in mortality sites. On the other hand, the down-regulation of several genes involved in immune and stress response, and the over-representation of opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrio and Photobacterium spp. indicates that these microbial species may take advantage of compromised host immune pathways and defense mechanisms that are potentially affected by chemical exposure, resulting in periodic mortality events. We propose the application of our approach to interpret and anticipate the risks inherent in the combined effects of pollutants and microbes on marine animals in today's rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Morgan Smits
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.,Marine Environmental Science Laboratory (LEMAR), IUEM Technopole Brest-Iroise, Université de Bretagne Occidentale -Rue Dumont d'Urville, Plouzané, France
| | - Giulia Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Silvia Iori
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Angela Zampieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Carraro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Papetti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Faculty of BioSciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Faculty of BioSciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Tomaso Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Romina Brunetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Ciofi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lisa Grotta
- Faculty of BioSciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Arcangeli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Barbara Cardazzo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Faculty of BioSciences and Technologies for Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Mosciano Sant'Angelo, Italy
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Hou Y, Qiao C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ren X, Wei Q, Wang Q. Cold-Adapted Glutathione S-Transferases from Antarctic Psychrophilic Bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108: Heterologous Expression, Characterization, and Oxidative Resistance. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030147. [PMID: 30832239 PMCID: PMC6471826 DOI: 10.3390/md17030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases are one of the most important antioxidant enzymes to protect against oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. In this study, a novel gst gene, designated as hsgst, was derived from Antarctic sea ice bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108 and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21. The hsgst gene was 603 bp in length and encoded a protein of 200 amino acids. Compared with the mesophilic EcGST, homology modeling indicated HsGST had some structural characteristics of cold-adapted enzymes, such as higher frequency of glycine residues, lower frequency of proline and arginine residues, and reduced electrostatic interactions, which might be in relation to the high catalytic efficiency at low temperature. The recombinant HsGST (rHsGST) was purified to apparent homogeneity with Ni-affinity chromatography and its biochemical properties were investigated. The specific activity of the purified rHsGST was 254.20 nmol/min/mg. The optimum temperature and pH of enzyme were 25 °C and 7.5, respectively. Most importantly, rHsGST retained 41.67% of its maximal activity at 0 °C. 2.0 M NaCl and 0.2% H₂O₂ had no effect on the enzyme activity. Moreover, rHsGST exhibited its protective effects against oxidative stresses in E. coli cells. Due to its high catalytic efficiency and oxidative resistance at low temperature, rHsGST may be a potential candidate as antioxidant in low temperature health foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Hou
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Chenhui Qiao
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yatong Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xiulian Ren
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Qifeng Wei
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Quanfu Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China.
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Antas P, Carneiro M, Reis B, Castelo-Branco R, Azevedo J, Urbatzka R, Campos A, Vasconcelos V, Martins JC. GST transcriptional changes induced by a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa strain in two bivalve species during exposure and recovery phases. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1272-1280. [PMID: 30242593 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the modulation of glutathione transferases (GSTs) induced by microcystin (MC) alone or in combination with other cyanobacterial secondary metabolites in bivalves. However, interspecies information about which and how GST isoforms are affected by these secondary metabolites is still scarce, especially considering the dynamic process involving their uptake and elimination routes. In this context, the role of GSTs gene expression changes in response to a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa extract were examined for Mytilus galloprovincialis and Ruditapes philippinarum during exposure and recovery phases. The expression levels of sigma 1, sigma 2, pi and mu-class GST genes were analyzed in the hepatopancreas of both bivalve species during cyanobacteria extract exposure (24 h) and post-exposure (24 and 72 h). Only a significant induction of sigma 1-class GST expression was observed for R. philippinarum upon 24-hour exposure of both bivalve species to Microcystis extract. During the recovery phase, GST transcriptional changes for M. galloprovincialis were characterized by an early induction (24 h) of sigma 1 and sigma 2 transcripts. On the other hand, GST transcriptional changes for R. philippinarum during post-exposure phase were characterized by an early induction (24 h) of sigma 1 and mu transcripts and a later induction (72 h) of the four analyzed GST transcripts. Such differences reflect variable GST response mechanisms to cope with MC-producing cyanobacterial blooms exposure between these two bivalve species, revealing a higher sensitivity of R. philippinarum to Microcystis-induced stress than M. galloprovincialis. The results also suggest a much higher level of activity of the GST detoxification system during the recovery phase compared to the period of the stress exposure for both bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Antas
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Bruno Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Castelo-Branco
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vítor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Porto University, Rua do Campo Alegre, Porto, 4069-007, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Volland M, Hampel M, Katsumiti A, Yeste MP, Gatica JM, Cajaraville M, Blasco J. Synthesis methods influence characteristics, behaviour and toxicity of bare CuO NPs compared to bulk CuO and ionic Cu after in vitro exposure of Ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 199:285-295. [PMID: 29702437 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly investigated, developed and produced for a wide range of industrial and consumer products. Notwithstanding their promising novel applications, concern has been raised that their increased use and disposal could consequently increase their release into marine systems and potentially affect species within. To date the understanding of factors and mechanisms of CuO (nano-) toxicity to marine invertebrates is still limited. Hence, we studied the characteristics and behaviour of two commercially available CuO NPs of similar size, but produced employing distinct synthesis methods, under various environmentally and experimentally relevant conditions. In addition, cell viability and DNA damage, as well as gene expression of detoxification, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, DNA damage repair and cell death mediator markers were studied in primary cultures of hemocytes from the marine clam Ruditapes philippinarum and, where applicable, compared to bulk CuO and ionic Cu (as CuSO4) behaviour and effects. We found that the synthesis method can influence particle characteristics and behaviour, as well as the toxicity of CuO NPs to Ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes. Our results further indicate that under the tested conditions aggregating behaviour influences the toxicity of CuO NPs by influencing their rate of extra- and intracellular dissolution. In addition, gene expression analysis identified similar transcriptional de-regulation for all tested copper treatments for the here measured suite of genes. Finally, our work highlights various differences in the aggregation and dissolution kinetics of CuO particles under environmental (marine) and cell culture exposure conditions that need consideration when extrapolating in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Volland
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - María Pilar Yeste
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgy Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Manuel Gatica
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgy Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, E-11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Miren Cajaraville
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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Gavrilović A, Ilijin L, Mrdaković M, Vlahović M, Mrkonja A, Matić D, Perić-Mataruga V. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene dietary intake to antioxidative enzymes of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae from unpolluted and polluted forests. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 179:10-19. [PMID: 28355530 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity in industrial development has imposed great threats to the environment and wildlife in the form of persistent organic pollutants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) tend to accumulate in vegetation foliage which is the main food source of polyphagous insect species Lymantria dispar L. Origin and multigenerational adaptation of L. dispar population to environmental challenges strongly condition the enzymes' sensitivity to pollutants. In this study, our aim was to investigate response of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) to the chronic dietary exposure of benzo[a]pyrene in the midgut tissues and hemolymph of two L. dispar populations originating from unpolluted and polluted forest habitat. Midgut tissue of the larvae from the polluted forest showed significant increase in SOD, CAT and GST activity, while in unpolluted forest's larvae SOD and CAT showed elevated activities in hemolymph. L. dispar populations adapted to different level of pollution in their environment and expressed distinct tissue-dependent antioxidative enzyme sensitivity to benzo[a]pyrene diet, implying high potential for further elucidation of these enzymes as molecular biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Gavrilović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Larisa Ilijin
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mrdaković
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vlahović
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mrkonja
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Matić
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Perić-Mataruga
- Department of Insect Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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Cocci P, Capriotti M, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Transcriptional variations in biomarkers of Mytilus galloprovincialis sampled from Central Adriatic coastal waters (Marche region, Italy). Biomarkers 2017; 22:537-547. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2017.1315614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Martina Capriotti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Volland M, Hampel M, Martos-Sitcha JA, Trombini C, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Blasco J. Citrate gold nanoparticle exposure in the marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum: uptake, elimination and oxidative stress response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17414-17424. [PMID: 25994271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered an important nano-sized component of the twenty-first century. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, they are being used and developed for a wide range of promising applications in medicine, biology and chemistry. Notwithstanding their useful aspects, in recent years concern has been raised over their ability to enter cells, organelles and nuclei and provoke oxidative stress. In a laboratory-based experiment, the non-target marine bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum was used as a model organism. Uptake, elimination and molecular effects under short-term and sub-chronic exposure conditions to an environmental relevant concentration (0.75 μg L(-1)) of weakly agglomerating citrate AuNPs (∼20 nm) were studied. Our results demonstrate that at the tested concentration, the particles are readily taken up into the digestive gland > gills and can produce significant changes (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers, as measured by phase II antioxidant enzymes and q-PCR gene expression analysis. However, the overall magnitude of responses was low, and oxidative damage was not provoked. Further, a significant elimination of Au from the digestive tract within a 7-day purification period was observed, with excretion being an important pathway. In conclusion, short-term and sub-chronic exposure to an environmental relevant concentration of citrate-stabilized AuNPs cannot be considered toxic to our model organism, while some further consideration should be given to chronic exposure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Volland
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Miriam Hampel
- Department for Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
- Andalusian Center of Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan A Martos-Sitcha
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Chiara Trombini
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Julián Blasco
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia (CSIC), Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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10
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Flores-Nunes F, Mattos JJ, Zacchi FL, Serrano MAS, Piazza CE, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bicego MC, Melo CMR, Bainy ACD. Effect of linear alkylbenzene mixtures and sanitary sewage in biochemical and molecular responses in pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17386-17396. [PMID: 25869438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urban effluents are rich in nutrients, organic matter, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), pesticides, hydrocarbons, surfactants, and others. Previous studies have shown that oysters Crassostrea gigas accumulate significant levels of linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in sanitary sewage contaminated sites, but there is little information about its toxicological effects in marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to analyze the transcription of genes in two tissues of C. gigas exposed for 12, 24, and 36 h to LABs or sanitary sewage. Likewise, the activity of antioxidant and biotransformation enzymes was measured in oysters exposed for 36 h in all groups. Oysters exposed to LABs and oysters exposed to sanitary sewage showed different patterns of transcriptional responses. LAB-exposed oysters showed lower level of biological responses than the oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Despite the ability of the oyster C. gigas to accumulate LABs (28-fold), the data indicate that these contaminants are not the cause for the transcriptional responses observed in oysters exposed to sanitary sewage. Possibly, the biological changes observed in the sanitary sewage-exposed oysters are associated with the presence of other contaminants, which might have caused synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effects. The results show that FABP-like and GST-ω-like messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have a rapid response in tissues of oyster C. gigas exposed to sanitary sewage, suggesting a possible protective response and a role in maintaining homeostasis of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jacó J Mattos
- Aquaculture Pathology Research Center-NEPAQ, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Zacchi
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Miguel A S Serrano
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Clei E Piazza
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Silvio T Sasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bicego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry-LABQOM, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio M R Melo
- Laboratory of Marine Mollusks-LMM, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry-LABCAI, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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11
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Reis B, Carneiro M, Machado J, Azevedo J, Vasconcelos V, Martins JC. Transcriptional responses of glutathione transferase genes in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to microcystin-LR. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8397-414. [PMID: 25884330 PMCID: PMC4425088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione Transferases (GSTs) are phase II detoxification enzymes known to be involved in the molecular response against microcystins (MCs) induced toxicity. However, the individual role of the several GST isoforms in the MC detoxification process is still unknown. In this study, the time-dependent changes on gene expression of several GST isoforms (pi, mu, sigma 1, sigma 2) in parallel with enzymatic activity of total GST were investigated in gills and hepatopancreas of the bivalve Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to pure MC-LR (10 and 100 µg/L). No significant changes in GST enzyme activities were found on both organs. In contrast, MC-LR affected the transcriptional activities of these detoxification enzymes both in gills and hepatopancreas. GST transcriptional changes in gills promoted by MC-LR were characterized by an early (12 h) induction of mu and sigma 1 transcripts. On the other hand, the GST transcriptional changes in hepatopancreas were characterized by a later induction (48 h) of mu transcript, but also by an early inhibition (6 h) of the four transcripts. The different transcription patterns obtained for the tested GST isoforms in this study highlight the potential divergent physiological roles played by these isoenzymes during the detoxification of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Reis
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Carneiro
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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12
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Leung PTY, Ip JCH, Mak SST, Qiu JW, Lam PKS, Wong CKC, Chan LL, Leung KMY. De novo transcriptome analysis of Perna viridis highlights tissue-specific patterns for environmental studies. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:804. [PMID: 25239240 PMCID: PMC4190305 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tropical green-lipped mussel Perna viridis is a common biomonitor throughout the Indo-Pacific region that is used for environmental monitoring and ecotoxicological investigations. However, there is limited molecular data available regarding this species. We sought to establish a global transcriptome database from the tissues of adductor muscle, gills and the hepatopancreas of P. viridis in an effort to advance our understanding of the molecular aspects involved during specific toxicity responses in this sentinel species. RESULTS Illumina sequencing results yielded 544,272,542 high-quality filtered reads. After de novo assembly using Trinity, 233,257 contigs were generated with an average length of 1,264 bp and an N50 length of 2,868 bp; 192,879 assembled transcripts and 150,111 assembled unigenes were obtained after clustering. A total of 93,668 assembled transcripts (66,692 assembled genes) with putative functions for protein domains were predicted based on InterProScan analysis. Based on similarity searches, 44,713 assembled transcripts and 25,319 assembled unigenes were annotated with at least one BLAST hit. A total of 21,262 assembled transcripts (11,947 assembled genes) were annotated with at least one well-defined Gene Ontology (GO) and 5,131 assembled transcripts (3,181 assembled unigenes) were assigned to 329 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. The quantity of assembled unigenes and transcripts obtained from male and female mussels were similar but varied among the three studied tissues, with the highest numbers recorded in the gills, followed by the hepatopancreas, and then the adductor muscle. Multivariate analyses revealed strong tissue-specific patterns among the three different tissues, but not between sexes in terms of expression profiles for annotated genes in various GO terms, and genes associated with stress responses and degradation of xenobiotics. The expression profiles of certain selected genes in each tissue type were further validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays and a similar tissue-specific trend was seen. CONCLUSIONS The extensive sequence data generated from this study will provide a valuable molecular resource for facilitating environmental studies with P. viridis, and highlight the importance of tissue-specific approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Bathige SDNK, Umasuthan N, Saranya Revathy K, Lee Y, Kim S, Cho MY, Park MA, Whang I, Lee J. A mu class glutathione S-transferase from Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (RpGSTμ): cloning, mRNA expression, and conjugation assays. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 162:85-95. [PMID: 24704543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that catalyze xenobiotic metabolism in the phase II detoxification process. GSTs have a potential for use as indicators or biomarkers to assess the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments. In this study, a full-length cDNA of a mu (μ) class GST (RpGSTμ) was identified from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) and biochemically characterized. The 1356 bp of the cDNA included an open reading frame of 651 bp encoding a polypeptide of 217 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 25.04 kDa and an estimated pI of 6.34. Sequence analysis revealed that the RpGSTμ possessed several characteristic features of μ class GSTs, such as a thioredoxin-like N-terminal domain containing binding sites for glutathione (GSH), a C-terminal domain containing substrate binding sites, and a μ loop. The recombinant RpGSTμ (rRpGSTμ) protein exhibited GSH-conjugating catalytic activity towards several substrates, and significantly strong activity was detected against 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (5.77 ± 0.55) and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB, 3.19 ± 0.05). Kinetic analysis as a function of GSH and CDNB concentrations revealed relatively low Km values of 1.03 ± 0.46 mM and 0.56 ± 0.20 mM, respectively, thereby indicating a GSH-conjugation attributed with high rates. The optimum pH and temperature for the catalytic activity of the rRpGSTμ protein were 7.7 and 37°C, respectively. The effect of two inhibitors, Cibacron blue and hematin, on the activity of rRpGSTμ was evaluated and the IC50 values of 0.65 μM and 9 μM, respectively, were obtained. While RpGSTμ transcripts were highly expressed in gills and hemocytes, a significant elevation in mRNA levels was detected in these tissues after lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and live bacterial (Vibrio tapetis) challenges. These findings collectively suggest that RpGSTμ functions as a potent detoxifier of xenobiotic toxicants present in the aquatic environment, and that its mRNA expression could be modulated by pathogenic stress signal(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- S D N K Bathige
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Navaneethaiyer Umasuthan
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdeuk Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokryel Kim
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Cho
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ae Park
- Aquatic Life Disease Control Division, National Fisheries and Research & Developmental Institute, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, , Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Wang L, Qiu L, Zhou Z, Song L. Research progress on the mollusc immunity in China. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:2-10. [PMID: 22864285 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The economical and phylogenic importance of mollusc has led an increasing number of investigations giving emphasis to immune defense mechanism. This review discusses the advances in immunological study of mollusc in China, with special reference to dominant aquaculture species over the past decades. As an invertebrate group, molluscs lack adaptive immunity and consequently they have evolved sophisticated strategies of innate immunity for defense against pathogens. This review aims to present the various immunologically significant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), lectins, lipopolysaccharide and β-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), scavenger receptors (SRs) employed by mollucans. This work also highlights immune proteolytic cascade, TLR signaling pathway and an extensive repertoire of immune effectors including antimicrobial peptide, lysozyme, antioxidant enzyme and heat shock protein. Further, the review presents the preliminary progress made on the catecholaminergic neuroendocrine system in scallop and its immunomodulation function to throw light into neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network in lower invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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15
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Yang J, Wei X, Xu J, Yang D, Liu X, Yang J, Fang J, Hu X. A sigma-class glutathione S-transferase from Solen grandis that responded to microorganism glycan and organic contaminants. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:1198-1204. [PMID: 22433574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of antioxidant enzymes, which play crucial roles in detoxification and protection of tissues from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a sigma-class GST was identified from razor clam Solen grandis (designated as SgGST-S1), and its expression patterns, both in tissues and toward microorganism glycan as well as organic contaminants stimulation, were then characterized. The full-length cDNA of SgGST-S1 was of 1291 bp, containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 27 bp, and a 3' UTR of 619 bp with a poly (A) tail. The open reading frame (ORF) was of 645 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 214 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 24.8 kDa, which shared 47% identity with GST from Ruditapes philippinarum. The analysis of conserved domain and phylogenetic relationship strongly suggested that SgGST-S1 was a member of sigma-class GST. The mRNA of SgGST-S1 was constitutively expressed in all tested tissues of healthy razor clam, including mantle, gill, gonad, hemocytes, muscle, and hepatopancreas, and it was highly expressed in hepatopancreas. The mRNA expression of SgGST-S1 in hemocytes was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01) after razor clam was stimulated by peptidoglycan (PGN) or β-1, 3-glucan, but not LPS. In addition, the SgGST-S1 transcript level was also significantly (P < 0.01) induced by exposure of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) or Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE). All the results indicated that SgGST-S1 might serve as an antioxidant enzyme involving in the detoxification cause by both microorganism glycan and organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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16
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Park K, Kim R, Park JJ, Shin HC, Lee JS, Cho HS, Lee YG, Kim J, Kwak IS. Ecotoxicological evaluation of tributyltin toxicity to the equilateral venus clam, Gomphina veneriformis (Bivalvia: Veneridae). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:426-433. [PMID: 22182740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is the most common pesticide in marine and freshwater environments. To evaluate the potential ecological risk posed by TBT, we measured biological responses such as growth rate, gonad index, sex ratio, the percentage of intersex gonads, filtration rate, and gill abnormalities in the equilateral venus clam (Gomphina veneriformis). Additionally, the biochemical and molecular responses were evaluated in G. veneriformis exposed to various concentrations of TBT. The growth of G. veneriformis was significantly delayed in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to all tested TBT concentrations. After TBT was administered to G. veneriformis, the gonad index decreased and the sex balance was altered. The percentage of intersex gonads also increased significantly in treated females, whereas no intersex gonads were detected in the solvent control group. Additionally, intersex gonads were detected in male G. veneriformis specimens exposed to relatively high TBT concentrations (20 μg L⁻¹). The filtration rate was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis. We also noted abnormal gill morphology in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis. Furthermore, increases in antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in TBT-exposed G. veneriformis clams, regardless of dosage. Vitellogenin gene expression also increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in G. veneriformis exposed to TBT. These results provide valuable information regarding our understanding of the toxicology of TBT in G. veneriformis. Moreover, the responses of biological and molecular factors could be utilized as information for risk assessments and marine monitoring of TBT toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Department of Fisheries and Ocean Science, Chonnam National University, San 96-1, Dundeok-dong, Yeosu, Jeonnam 550-749, Republic of Korea
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17
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Hu B, Deng L, Wen C, Yang X, Pei P, Xie Y, Luo S. Cloning, identification and functional characterization of a pi-class glutathione-S-transferase from the freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:51-60. [PMID: 22079457 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional phase II detoxification enzymes that catalyze the attachment of electrophilic substrates to glutathione and play an important role in protecting organisms against the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The piGST cDNA was cloned and sequenced after rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) from the freshwater mussel Cristaria plicata. The comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences with GSTs from other species showed that the enzymes belonged to the pi-class and the amino acids defining the binding sites of glutathione (G-site) and for xenobiotic substrates (H-site) were highly conserved. The Cp-piGST cDNA is 816 nucleotides (nt) in length and contained a 615 nt open reading frame (ORF) encoding 205 amino acid residues, and has 19 nt of 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 3' UTR of 182 nt including a tailing signal (AATAAA) and a poly (A) tail. The molecular weight of the predicted piGST is 23.4 kDa, with the calculated PI being 5.2. The mRNA transcript of Cp-piGST could be detected in all the examined tissues with highest expression level in hepatopancreas. The expression level of Cp-piGST in hepatopancreas and gill showed similar trend that were significantly increased after bacterial challenge compared to the control group at 12 h. Furthermore, the recombinant Cp-piGST with high enzyme activity was induced to be expressed as a soluble form by IPTG at 20°C for 8 h, and then was purified by using the native Ni(2+) affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the purified soluble Cp-piGST enzyme into pET30 was 2.396 μmol/min/mg, and which into pET32 was 1.706 μmol/min/mg. The recombinant Cp-piGST had a maximum activity at approximately pH 8.0, and its optimum temperature was 37°C. The recombinant Cp-piGST enzyme activity became lower gradually with the denaturant concentration increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Hu
- Department of Bio-Science, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
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18
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Milan M, Coppe A, Reinhardt R, Cancela LM, Leite RB, Saavedra C, Ciofi C, Chelazzi G, Patarnello T, Bortoluzzi S, Bargelloni L. Transcriptome sequencing and microarray development for the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum: genomic tools for environmental monitoring. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:234. [PMID: 21569398 PMCID: PMC3107815 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is one of the major aquaculture species in the world and a potential sentinel organism for monitoring the status of marine ecosystems. However, genomic resources for R. philippinarum are still extremely limited. Global analysis of gene expression profiles is increasingly used to evaluate the biological effects of various environmental stressors on aquatic animals under either artificial conditions or in the wild. Here, we report on the development of a transcriptomic platform for global gene expression profiling in the Manila clam. RESULTS A normalized cDNA library representing a mixture of adult tissues was sequenced using a ultra high-throughput sequencing technology (Roche 454). A database consisting of 32,606 unique transcripts was constructed, 9,747 (30%) of which could be annotated by similarity. An oligo-DNA microarray platform was designed and applied to profile gene expression of digestive gland and gills. Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes between different tissues was performed by enrichment analysis. Expression of Natural Antisense Transcripts (NAT) analysis was also performed and bi-directional transcription appears a common phenomenon in the R. philippinarum transcriptome. A preliminary study on clam samples collected in a highly polluted area of the Venice Lagoon demonstrated the applicability of genomic tools to environmental monitoring. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic platform developed for the Manila clam confirmed the high level of reproducibility of current microarray technology. Next-generation sequencing provided a good representation of the clam transcriptome. Despite the known limitations in transcript annotation and sequence coverage for non model species, sufficient information was obtained to identify a large set of genes potentially involved in cellular response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Milan
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology, and Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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