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De Silva NAL, Marsden ID, Gaw S, Glover CN. Assessment of Amphibola crenata as a bioindicator of estuarine trace element pollution using biochemical and physiological endpoints. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116693. [PMID: 38986396 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
To assess its utility as a bioindicator of estuarine contamination, Amphibola crenata, a pulmonate mud snail, was collected from 17 estuaries in New Zealand. Whole-body soft tissue trace element concentrations were measured via quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometer (Q-ICP-MS) and were found to be significantly positively correlated with sediment trace element profiles for arsenic, copper and lead. Snails from polluted estuaries generally displayed higher ammonia excretion rates, elevated whole-body soft tissue catalase activity and lipid peroxidation compared to snails from reference sites. Across all sites haemolymph glucose was positively correlated with the tissue burdens of arsenic, copper, nickel and zinc, while haemolymph protein was negatively correlated with arsenic, cadmium and zinc soft tissue concentrations, indicative of altered energy metabolism associated with trace element contamination. Overall, sites were distinguishable by application of the array of measures employed. Our findings suggest that gastropods have significant value as bioindicators of estuarine health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan A L De Silva
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Environment Canterbury Regional Council, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Islay D Marsden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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2
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Ni X, Zhou H, Liu Y, Zhan J, Meng Q, Song H, Yi X. Toxic effects of tire wear particles and the leachate on the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122354. [PMID: 37567401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWPs) were considered as an important component of microplastic pollution in the aquatic environment. To understand the ecotoxicity of TWPs to crustacean, this study investigated toxic effects of TWPs and the leachate on the mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis and the accumulation of TWPs in the crabs. Although TWPs could be accumulated in various tissues (i.e., liver, gills and gut) of the crabs, exposure to TWPs or the leachate had no lethal effect on the crabs in this study. Lower concentrations of TWPs and the leachate exposure could stimulate the antioxidant defense system of the crabs, while higher concentrations could disrupt the stress defense system. In addition, the energy supply and metabolism of the crabs could also be affected by TWPs or the leachate. The transcriptomic profiles showed that the toxic mechanisms of TWPs and the leachate were not exactly the same. Similar to the results of biochemical analysis, several Gene Ontology (GO) terms and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to oxidative stress and energy metabolism were significantly regulated by both TWPs and the leachate. However, TWPs could affect the expression of genes enriched in immune-related pathways, while the leachate regulated the enrichment of some other signaling pathways including FoxO signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Overall, our study could provide basic biological information for assessing the ecological risk of the TWP pollution in the aquatic environment and was useful to understand the potential toxic mechanisms of the TWPs and the leachate to crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Ni
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Qian Meng
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Yi
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin City, Liaoning, 116024, China.
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De Silva NAL, Marsden ID, Gaw S, Glover CN. Physiological and biochemical responses of the estuarine pulmonate mud snail, Amphibola crenata, sub-chronically exposed to waterborne cadmium. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106418. [PMID: 36758332 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and biochemical responses of the pulmonate mud snail, Amphibola crenata, to waterborne cadmium (Cd) were investigated to determine the mechanisms of toxicity and impacts of a 21-d Cd exposure. Mud snails were exposed to nominal Cd concentrations of 0, 0.2, 4 and 8 mg L - 1 and bioaccumulation, whole animal physiological (oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and oxygen:nitrogen), and tissue level biochemical (catalase activity, lipid peroxidation, glycogen, glucose and protein) endpoints were measured every 7 days. At the two highest Cd exposure concentrations complete mortality was observed over 21-d. In surviving animals, oxygen consumption declined and ammonia excretion rate increased with Cd exposure concentration and duration. The increased ammonia excretion likely reflected enhanced protein metabolism as suggested by a reduced oxygen:nitrogen (O:N). Increasing waterborne Cd concentration and exposure time led to increasing metal accumulation in all tissues. The snail viscera showed the highest Cd accumulation. Both catalase activity and lipid peroxidation in the viscera significantly increased with Cd exposure concentration and time, whereas, the foot muscle and remaining tissues (kidney, mantle, remaining digestive tissues and heart) showed increased catalase activity and lipid peroxidation at higher Cd concentrations (4 and 8 mg L - 1), suggestive of an effect of Cd on oxidative stress. Over the course of 21 days, Cd exposure resulted in significantly lower levels of glycogen in viscera relative to Cd-free controls, reflecting an increased energy demand. Haemolymph glucose rose initially and then fell with increased exposure duration, while haemolymph protein generally exhibited an increased concentration in Cd-exposure groups, reflecting the changes in energy substrates noted for somatic tissues. These results suggest that the physiological and biochemical responses of A. crenata to Cd are conserved relative to other aquatic animals, and were tissue-specific, dose- and time-dependant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Islay D Marsden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand; Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Li M, Wang S, Liu X, Sheng Z, Li B, Li J, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Cadmium exposure decreases fasting blood glucose levels and exacerbates type-2 diabetes in a mouse model. Endocrine 2022; 76:53-61. [PMID: 35041127 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02974-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the underlying mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: (1) control group; (2) Cd-exposed group; (3) diabetic group; (4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration, and fibrosis in liver were evaluated. RESULTS Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice, while no effects of Cd exposure were found on non-diabetic mice. Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure. CONCLUSIONS Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Li
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Shishan Community Hospital of SND in Suzhou, 215011, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuxiu Liu
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Sheng
- The Fifth People's Hospital in Suzhou, 215007, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, China.
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Ortega P, Vitorino HA, Green S, Zanotto FP, Chung JS, Moreira RG. Experimental effects of cadmium on physiological response of Callinectes danae (Crustacea, Portunidae) from environments with different levels of Cd contamination. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 251:109210. [PMID: 34628057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can adversely affect aquatic life, altering reproductive and molting processes in crustaceans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Cd on reproduction and molting in the crab Callinectes danae. Adult females were obtained from environments with different levels of pollution: low (LC), medium (MC), and high contaminated (HC) areas. Animals from LC, MC, and HC areas were exposed to 0, 0.5, and 2 mg L-1 of CdCl2 for 3 h. Cd bioaccumulation, oxidative stress (evaluated by antioxidant enzymes activity), and lipid peroxidation (LPX) were analyzed in mature ovaries (stage II), gills, and hepatopancreas. The expression levels of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) genes were quantified in the eyestalks, while 17β-estradiol (E2) and melatonin concentration were measured in the hemolymph. Cd bioaccumulated mainly in the hepatopancreas and gills, with increased E2, LPX, and antioxidant enzymes in HC compared to the LC region. Decreased CHH and MIH transcripts were observed in the animals from HC regions compared to LC and MC areas. Physiological differences were recorded, especially for bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and hormone levels, in animals sampled in HC areas compared to LC and MC regions. In conclusion, the physiological damage triggered by Cd could be reduced due to higher levels of melatonin and antioxidant enzymes in HC areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ortega
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos (LAMEROA), Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
| | - Hector Aguilar Vitorino
- Laboratório de Química Bioinorgânica e Metalofármacos (LAQBAM), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil; BIOMET Research Group, Faculty of Science, National University of Engineering, Av. Túpac Amaru 210, Rímac 15333, Lima, Peru.
| | - Shadaesha Green
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Flavia P Zanotto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Invertebrados Marinhos (LabCel), Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
| | - J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), Baltimore, USA.
| | - Renata G Moreira
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos (LAMEROA), Instituto de Biociências (IB), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Sepúlveda MS, Jiang Q, Jiao Y, Chen Q, Huang Y, Tian J, Zhao Y. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for nanoplastic toxicity in Daphnia pulex using proteomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144249. [PMID: 33421781 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are a growing environmental and public health concern. However, the toxic mechanisms of nanoplastics are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the effects of spherical polystyrene nanoplastics on reproduction of Daphnia pulex and analyzed the proteome of whole animals followed by molecular and biochemical analyses for the development of an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for these contaminants of emerging concern. Animals were exposed to polystyrene nanoplastics (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) via water for 21 days. Nanoplastics negatively impacted cumulative offspring production. A total of 327 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in response to nanoplastics which were further validated from gene expression and enzyme activity data. Based on these results, we propose an AOP for nanoplastics, including radical oxygen species production and oxidative stress as the molecular initiating event (MIE); followed by changes in specific signaling pathways (Jak-STAT, mTOR and FoxO) and in the metabolism of glutathione, protein, lipids, and molting proteins; with an end result of growth inhibition and decrease reproductive output. This study serves as a foundation for the development of a mechanistic understanding of nanoplastic toxicity in crustaceans and perhaps other aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiangtao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Li ZS, Ma S, Shan HW, Wang T, Xiao W. Responses of hemocyanin and energy metabolism to acute nitrite stress in juveniles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 186:109753. [PMID: 31604159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite is a common toxic substance in culture systems of Litopenaeus vannamei, and the stress may disturb hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism and result in shrimp death. In the present study, nitrite at concentrations of 0 (control), 3.3 (46.2 NO2-N mg/L), 6.6 (92.4) and 9.9 mM (138.6) was used to evaluate the responses of hemocyanin level and energy metabolism in L. vannamei (5.80 ± 0.44 cm, 1.88 ± 0.38 g) for 96 h. The mortality rate at 96 h increased with nitrite concentration (50% at 9.9 mM, 40% at 6.6 mM, 30% at 3.3 mM, and 10% at 0 mM). In general, HIF-1α and hemocyanin mRNA expression in the nitrite stress groups was upregulated from 6 to 12 h and downregulated from 24 to 96 h. In the hemolymph, nitrite levels were significantly elevated in a dose-dependent manner, and exposure to nitrite stress significantly decreased the oxyhemocyanin content from 24 to 96 h. The glucose and lactate levels in the hemolymph in the nitrite stress groups were higher than those in the control group from 12 to 96 h. Compared with the control group, the shrimp in the nitrite stress groups exhibited decreased glycogen concentrations in the hepatopancreas. The triglyceride (TG) levels in the nitrite stress groups were all higher than those in the control group from 48 to 96 h. The hexokinase (HK) activity in the hepatopancreas and muscle increased in the nitrite stress groups from 48 to 96 h. In general, nitrite stress enhanced the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in muscle from 24 to 96 h. In addition, nitrite stress decreased the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) from 24 to 96 h in the hepatopancreas and muscle. This study indicates that exposure to nitrite stress can enhance the accumulation of nitrite in the hemolymph and then reduce oxygenation and hemocyanin synthesis, leading to tissue hypoxia and thereby resulting in accelerated anaerobic metabolism and the inhibition of aerobic metabolism. The effects of nitrite stress on hemocyanin synthesis and energy metabolism may be one of the reasons for the mortality of L. vannamei in culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - S Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - H W Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - T Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - W Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Hepatopancreatic cells of a stone crab Menippe frontalis from Perú: separation, viability study, and evaluation of lipoperoxidation against cadmium contamination. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:778-781. [PMID: 28593424 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans are frequently used as bioindicators, and changes in their metabolism at the hepatopancreas (HP) level are often followed in these studies. The HP is the site of digestion, absorption, nutrient storage, and toxic metal detoxification, enabling crabs to survive in metal contaminated regions. Cellular damage and high lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels have been found in crab populations under high cadmium (Cd) concentrations. The aim of this work was to separate and characterize the HP cells of the stone crab Menippe frontalis from the Pacific Ocean, Perú (5° 5' 21″ S-81° 6' 51″ W) and to measure the cellular viability and LPO after exposure to the non-essential metal Cd. The HP cells were dissociated by magnetic stirring, with posterior separation by sucrose gradient at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40%. We found the same cell types that were described for other species (e.g., Ucides cordatus, Atlantic Ocean, Brazil). High cellular viability against 1 mmol L-1 of Cd was observed for resorptive (R) cells in 20% sucrose layer (88 ± 8%, *P < 0.05, ANOVA), and blister (B) cells in the 40% sucrose layers (92 ± 7%, *P < 0.05, ANOVA). Cd (1 mmol L-1) caused an increase in LPO levels, suggesting that crabs from polluted areas can be affected by toxic metals, generating a physiological stress. The gradient sucrose methodology can be used for different species and results in a similar separation, viability, and cellular identification. The results are a starting point for toxic metal studies for species distributed across different geographic coordinates.
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Ortega P, Vitorino HA, Moreira RG, Pinheiro MAA, Almeida AA, Custódio MR, Zanotto FP. Physiological differences in the crab Ucides cordatus from two populations inhabiting mangroves with different levels of cadmium contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:361-371. [PMID: 27329273 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans found in metal-contaminated regions are able to survive, and the authors investigated the physiological mechanisms involved by comparing populations from contaminated and noncontaminated areas. The objective of the present study was to measure the cellular transport of a nonessential metal (cadmium [Cd]) in gills and hepatopancreas of Ucides cordatus, together with cell membrane fluidity, metallothionein levels, and lipid peroxidation. The 2 populations compared were from a polluted and a nonpolluted mangrove area of São Paulo State, Brazil. The authors found, for the first time, larger Cd transport in gills and hepatopancreatic cells from crabs living in polluted mangrove areas. The cells also had lower plasma membrane fluidity, increased lipid peroxidation and less metallothionein compared to those from nonpolluted regions. The authors also found larger amounts of Cd in intracellular organelles of gills, but not in the hepatopancreas, from crabs in polluted regions. Therefore, in polluted areas, these animals showed higher Cd transport and lower plasma membrane fluidity and storage of Cd intracellularly in gill cells, whereas hepatopancreatic cells used metallothionein as their main line of defense. The findings suggest that crabs from polluted areas can accumulate Cd more easily than crabs from nonpolluted areas, probably because of an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms of cell membrane transport. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:361-371. © 2016 SETAC.
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Nagato EG, Simpson AJ, Simpson MJ. Metabolomics reveals energetic impairments in Daphnia magna exposed to diazinon, malathion and bisphenol-A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 170:175-186. [PMID: 26655661 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
(1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was used to study the response of Daphnia magna to increasing sub-lethal concentrations of either an organophosphate (diazinon or malathion) or bisphenol-A (BPA). Principal component analysis (PCA) of (1)H NMR spectra were used to screen metabolome changes after 48h of contaminant exposure. The PCA scores plots showed that diazinon exposures resulted in aberrant metabolomic profiles at all exposure concentrations tested (0.009-0.135 μg/L), while for malathion the second lowest (0.08μg/L) and two highest exposure concentrations (0.32μg/L and 0.47μg/L) caused significant shifts from the control. Individual metabolite changes for both organophosphates indicated that the response to increasing exposure was non-linear and described perturbations in the metabolome that were characteristic of the severity of exposure. For example, intermediate concentrations of diazinon (0.045μg/L and 0.09μg/L) and malathion (0.08μg/L) elicited a decrease in amino acids such as leucine, valine, arginine, glycine, lysine, glutamate, glutamine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, with concurrent increases in glucose and lactate, suggesting a mobilization of energy resources to combat stress. At the highest exposure concentrations for both organophosphates there was evidence of a cessation in metabolic activity, where the same amino acids increased and glucose and lactate decreased, suggesting a slowdown in protein synthesis and depletion of energy stocks. This demonstrated a similar response in the metabolome between two organophosphates but also that intermediate and severe stress levels could be differentiated by changes in the metabolome. For BPA exposures, the PCA scores plot showed a significant change in metabolome at 0.1mg/L, 1.4mg/L and 2.1mg/L of exposure. Individual metabolite changes from 0.7 to 2.1mg/L of BPA exposure showed increases in amino acids such as alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. These metabolite changes were correlated with decreases in glucose and lactate. This pattern of response was also seen in the highest organophosphate exposures and suggested a generalized stress response that could be related to altered energy dynamics in D. magna. Through studying increasing exposure responses, we have demonstrated the ability of metabolomics to identify discrete differences between intermediate and severe stress, and also to characterize how systemic stress is manifested in the metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward G Nagato
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Lv Y, Liu P, Xiang C, Yang H. Oxidative stress and hypoxia observed in the kidneys of mice after a 13-week oral administration of melamine and cyanuric acid combination. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1100-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Yang J, Liu D, Jing W, Dahms HU, Wang L. Effects of cadmium on lipid storage and metabolism in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77569. [PMID: 24130894 PMCID: PMC3795049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since environmental effects of molecular traits are often questioned we analyze here the molecular effects of cadmium (Cd) on lipid pathways and their effects on tissues development. Lipids are an important energy source for the developing embryo, and accumulate in the ovary and hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans. The extend of Cd affecting lipid storage and metabolism, is studied here with the freshwater crabs Sinopotamon henanense. Crabs were exposed to water-born Cd at 1.45, 2.9, 5.8 mg/l for 10, 15, and 20 days. With significantly increased Cd accumulation in exposed crabs, lipid content in hepatopancreas and ovary showed a time-dependent and concentration-dependent reduction, being at least one of the reasons for a lower ovarian index (OI) and hepatopancreatic index (HI). After 10-day exposure increased triglyceride (TG) level in hemolymph and up-regulation of pancreatic lipase (PL) activity in the hepatopancreas suggested an increased nutritional lipid uptake. However, two processes led to lower lipid levels upon Cd exposure: an increased utilization of lipids and a down-regulated lipoprotein lipase (LPL) led to insufficient lipid transport. 10-day Cd exposure also triggered the production of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), as well as to the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and fatty acids. With increasing exposure time, the crabs at 15 and 20-day exposure contained less lipid and TG, suggesting that more energy was consumed during the exposure time. Meanwhile, the level of NADPH, ATP and the activity of PL, LPL, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activity was down-regulated suggesting an impairment of the crab metabolism by Cd in addition to causing a lower lipid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixin Jing
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lan Wang
- Laboratory of the Bio-effect and Molecular Mechanism of Classical Environmental Pollutants, School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
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