1
|
Rodríguez-Ces AM, Rapado-González Ó, Salgado-Barreira Á, Santos MA, Aroso C, Vinhas AS, López-López R, Suárez-Cunqueiro MM. Liquid Biopsies Based on Cell-Free DNA Integrity as a Biomarker for Cancer Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1465. [PMID: 39061602 PMCID: PMC11276058 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have been identified as a viable source of cancer biomarkers. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free DNA integrity (cfDI) in liquid biopsies for cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to June 2024. Seventy-two study units from forty-six studies, comprising 4286 cancer patients, were identified and evaluated. The Quality Assessment for Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to assess study quality. Meta-regression analysis was employed to investigate the underlying factors contributing to heterogeneity, alongside an evaluation of publication bias. The bivariate random-effect model was utilized to compute the primary diagnostic outcomes and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of cfDI in cancer diagnosis were 0.70 and 0.77, 3.26 and 0.34, respectively. The overall area under the curve was 0.84, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 10.63. This meta-analysis suggested that the cfDI index has a promising potential as a non-invasive and accurate diagnostic tool for cancer. Study registration: The study was registered at PROSPERO (reference No. CRD42021276290).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Rodríguez-Ces
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Rapado-González
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Liquid Biopsy Analysis Unit, Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/CI-IPOP@RISE (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ángel Salgado-Barreira
- Department of Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Arminda Santos
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Carlos Aroso
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Ana Sofia Vinhas
- UNIPRO-Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (M.A.S.); (C.A.); (A.S.V.)
| | - Rafael López-López
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Mercedes Suárez-Cunqueiro
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.M.R.-C.); (Ó.R.-G.)
- Galician Precision Oncology Research Group (ONCOGAL), Medicine and Dentistry School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology Group (ONCOMET), Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS, SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Theparee T, Akroush M, Sabatini LM, Wang V, Mangold KA, Joseph N, Stocker SJ, Freedman A, Helseth DL, Talamonti MS, Kaul KL. Cell free DNA in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: clinicopathologic correlations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15744. [PMID: 38977725 PMCID: PMC11231234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) has shown promise for diagnosis, therapeutic targeting, and prognosis. This study explores ctDNA detection by next generation sequencing (NGS) and associated clinicopathologic factors in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Patients undergoing surgical exploration or resection of pancreatic lesions were enrolled with informed consent. Plasma samples (4-6 ml) were collected prior to surgery and cfDNA was recovered from 95 plasma samples. Adequate cfDNA for NGS (20 ng) was obtained from 81 patients. NGS was performed using the Oncomine Lung cfDNA assay on the Ion Torrent S5 sequencing platform. Twenty-five patients (30.9%) had detectable mutations in KRAS and/or TP53 with allele frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 8.5%, while mutations in other genes were detected less frequently and always along with KRAS or TP53. Detectable ctDNA mutations were more frequent in patients with poorly differentiated tumors, and patients without detectable ctDNA mutations showed longer survival (medians of 10.5 months vs. 18 months, p = 0.019). The detection of circulating tumor DNA in pancreatic adenocarcinomas is correlated with worse survival outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talent Theparee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Akroush
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Linda M Sabatini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Vivien Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kathy A Mangold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nora Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susan Jane Stocker
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alexa Freedman
- Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald L Helseth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mark S Talamonti
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karen L Kaul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Thakur S, Rathor A, Jain S, Nambirajan A, Khurana S, Malik PS, Jain D. Pleural effusion supernatant: a reliable resource for cell-free DNA in molecular testing of lung cancer. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2024; 13:291-302. [PMID: 38704351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION DNA extracted from malignant pleural effusion (PE) sediments is the traditional source of tumor DNA for predictive biomarker molecular testing (MT). Few recent studies have proposed the utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) extracted from effusion cytology centrifuged supernatants (CCS) in MT. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and utility of molecular testing on cfDNA extracted from PE CCS in lung cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was of prospective design. All PE CCS were collected and stored. Subsequently, in patients confirmed as primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and where patient matched effusion sediment/tissue biopsy/plasma was being tested for EGFR mutations, cfDNA extraction and EGFR MT by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. Custom panel targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) (Ion Torrent; Thermo Fisher, Carlsbad, CA) was also performed wherever feasible. RESULTS Out of 299 PE CCS collected, 20 CCS samples were included in the study. Concordant EGFR mutations were detected in pleural effusion CCS of 10 of 11 (91%) EGFR mutant cases as per qPCR performed on the matched sediment DNA (n = 8), lung biopsy (n = 2), and plasma (n = 1) samples. In 1 positive sample, CCS detected additional EGFR T790M mutation. Among 10 CCS samples also tested by NGS, additional EGFR mutations missed by qPCR were picked up in 2 (2 of 10). Success of mutation detection in CCS cfDNA did not correlate with cfDNA quantity or tumor fraction in sediment. CONCLUSIONS cfDNA from effusion CCS is a reliable and independent source of tumor DNA highly amenable for MT and complement results from other tumor DNA sources for comprehensive mutation profiling in LUAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Thakur
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amber Rathor
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aruna Nambirajan
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachin Khurana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh Malik
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepali Jain
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Smirnova O, Shpichka A, Mirzaei H, Timashev P, Vosough M. Alteration in DNA methylation patterns: Epigenetic signatures in gastrointestinal cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176563. [PMID: 38593929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in epigenetic modifications can cause malignant transformations in cells, leading to cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which accounts for 20% of all cancers worldwide. Among the epigenetic alterations, DNA hypomethylation is associated with genomic instability. In addition, CpG methylation and promoter hypermethylation have been recognized as biomarkers for different malignancies. In GI cancers, epigenetic alterations affect genes responsible for cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenic-specific signaling pathways. Understanding the pattern of alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers could help scientists discover new molecular-based pharmaceutical treatments. This study highlights alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers. Understanding epigenetic differences among GI cancers may improve targeted therapies and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng H, Pan M, Zhou Z, Chen C, Xing X, Cheng S, Zhang S, Zheng H, Qian K. The impact of preanalytical variables on the analysis of cell-free DNA from blood and urine samples. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1385041. [PMID: 38784382 PMCID: PMC11111958 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1385041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a burgeoning class of molecular biomarkers, has been extensively studied across a variety of biomedical fields. As a key component of liquid biopsy, cfDNA testing is gaining prominence in disease detection and management due to the convenience of sample collection and the abundant wealth of genetic information it provides. However, the broader clinical application of cfDNA is currently impeded by a lack of standardization in the preanalytical procedures for cfDNA analysis. A number of fundamental challenges, including the selection of appropriate preanalytical procedures, prevention of short cfDNA fragment loss, and the validation of various cfDNA measurement methods, remain unaddressed. These existing hurdles lead to difficulties in comparing results and ensuring repeatability, thereby undermining the reliability of cfDNA analysis in clinical settings. This review discusses the crucial preanalytical factors that influence cfDNA analysis outcomes, including sample collection, transportation, temporary storage, processing, extraction, quality control, and long-term storage. The review provides clarification on achievable consensus and offers an analysis of the current issues with the goal of standardizing preanalytical procedures for cfDNA analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Peng
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Taihe Skills Training Center, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zongning Zhou
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Congbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xing Xing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoping Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, Laboratory of Precision Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lehmann J, Giaglis S, Kyburz D, Daoudlarian D, Walker UA. Plasma mtDNA as a possible contributor to and biomarker of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:97. [PMID: 38715082 PMCID: PMC11075188 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neutrophil extracellular trap formation and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) contribute to the inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but it is unknown if mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) is more abundant in the circulation. It is unclear if DNA concentration measurements may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS This single-center prospective observational study collected plasma from consecutive RA patients and healthy blood donors. Platelets were removed, and mtDNA and nDNA copy numbers were quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS One hundred six RA patients and 85 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Circulating median mtDNA copy numbers were increased 19.4-fold in the plasma of patients with RA (median 1.1 x108 copies/mL) compared to HC (median 5.4 x106 copies/mL, p<0.0001). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of mtDNA copy numbers identified RA patients with high sensitivity (92.5%) and specificity (89.4%) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97, p <0.0001 and a positive likelihood ratio of 8.7. Demographic, serological (rheumatoid factor (RF) positivity, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positivity) and treatment factors were not associated with DNA concentrations. mtDNA plasma concentrations, however, correlated significantly with disease activity score-28- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and increased numerically with increasing DAS28-ESR and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) activity. MtDNA copy numbers also discriminated RA in remission (DAS28 <2.6) from HC (p<0.0001). Also, a correlation was observed between mtDNA and the ESR (p = 0.006, R= 0.29). Similar analyses showed no significance for nDNA. CONCLUSION In contrast to nDNA, mtDNA is significantly elevated in the plasma of RA patients compared with HC. Regardless of RA activity, the abundance of circulating mtDNA is a sensitive discriminator between RA patients and HC. Further validation of the diagnostic value of mtDNA testing is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Giaglis
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas Daoudlarian
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich A Walker
- Laboratory for Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH 4037, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee JS, Cho EH, Kim B, Hong J, Kim YG, Kim Y, Jang JH, Lee ST, Kong SY, Lee W, Shin S, Song EY. Clinical Practice Guideline for Blood-based Circulating Tumor DNA Assays. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:195-209. [PMID: 38221747 PMCID: PMC10813828 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising tool for various clinical applications, including early diagnosis, therapeutic target identification, treatment response monitoring, prognosis evaluation, and minimal residual disease detection. Consequently, ctDNA assays have been incorporated into clinical practice. In this review, we offer an in-depth exploration of the clinical implementation of ctDNA assays. Notably, we examined existing evidence related to pre-analytical procedures, analytical components in current technologies, and result interpretation and reporting processes. The primary objective of this guidelines is to provide recommendations for the clinical utilization of ctDNA assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Soo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Young-gon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Dxome Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Woochang Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kopfnagel V, Klopp N, Bernemann I, Nizhegorodtseva N, Wilson R, Gronauer R, Seifert M, Illig T. Effects of Repeated Freeze and Thaw Cycles on the Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile of Isolated Genomic DNA. Biopreserv Biobank 2024; 22:110-114. [PMID: 37074140 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of DNA methylation patterns to identify epigenetic markers for complex human diseases is an important and rapidly evolving part in biomedical research. DNA samples collected and stored in clinical biobanks over the past years are an important source for future epigenetic studies. Isolated gDNA is considered stable when stored at low temperatures for several years. However, the effect of multiple use and the associated repeated thawing of long-term stored DNA samples on DNA methylation patterns has not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the influence of up to 10 freeze and thaw cycles on global DNA methylation by comparing genome-wide methylation profiles. DNA samples from 19 healthy volunteers were either frozen at -80°C or subjected to up to 10 freeze and thaw cycles. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed after 0, 1, 3, 5, or 10 thaw cycles using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Evaluation of the global DNA methylation profile by beta-value density plots and multidimensional scaling plots revealed an expected clear participant-dependent variability, but a very low variability depending on the freeze and thaw cycles. In accordance, no significant difference in any of the methylated cytosine/guanine sites studied could be detected in the performed statistical analyses. Our results suggest that long-term frozen DNA samples are still suitable for epigenetic studies after multiple thaw cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kopfnagel
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Norman Klopp
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Bernemann
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cepeda J, Racca ME, Rossetti MF, Cardozo MA, Gaydou L, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Milesi MM, Varayoud J, Ramos JG. A Reliable Method for Quantifying Plasma Cell-Free DNA Using an Internal Standard Strategy: Evaluation in a Cohort of Non-Pregnant and Pregnant Women. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:987-996. [PMID: 38030813 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a useful biomarker in obstetric clinical practice has been delayed due to the lack of reliable quantification protocols. We developed a protocol to quantify plasma cfDNA using an internal standard strategy to overcome difficulties posed by low levels and high fragmentation of cfDNA. cfDNA was isolated from plasma samples of non-pregnant (NP, n = 26) and pregnant (P, n = 26) women using a commercial kit and several elution volumes were evaluated. qPCR parameters were optimized for cfDNA quantification, and several quantities of a recombinant standard were evaluated as internal standard. Absolute quantification was performed using a standard curve and the quality of the complete method was evaluated. cfDNA was eluted in a 50-μl volume, actin-β (ACTB) was selected as the target gene, and qPCR parameters were optimized. The ACTB standard was constructed and 1000 copies were selected as internal standard. The standard curve showed R2 = 0.993 and E = 109.7%, and the linear dynamic range was defined between 102 and 106 ACTB copies/tube. Repeatability and reproducibility in terms of CV were 19% and up to 49.5% for ACTB copies per milliliter of plasma, respectively. The range of cfDNA levels was 428-18,851 copies/mL in NP women and 4031-2,019,363 copies/mL in P women, showing significant differences between the groups. We recommend the application of internal standard strategy for a reliable plasma cfDNA quantification. This methodology holds great potential for a future application in the obstetric field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Cepeda
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Emilia Racca
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Florencia Rossetti
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Cardozo
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Laboratorios BLUT, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luisa Gaydou
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Patología Humana, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Mercedes Milesi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorgelina Varayoud
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge G Ramos
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Terp SK, Pedersen IS, Stoico MP. Extraction of Cell-Free DNA: Evaluation of Efficiency, Quantity, and Quality. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:310-319. [PMID: 38336350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) serves as a valuable biomarker for early disease detection and monitoring. However, the use of cfDNA for analysis faces challenges owing to general low but variable abundance and fragmentation. Preanalytical factors, including cfDNA extraction, impact cfDNA quality and quantity. Efficient and robust cfDNA extraction is essential for reliable results in downstream applications, and various commercial extraction methods exist, each with trade-offs. To aid researchers and clinicians in choosing the proper cfDNA extraction method, manual, semiautomated, and automated methods were evaluated, including the QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit (manual and QIAcube), QIAamp MinElute ccfDNA Kit (QIAcube), and QIAsymphony DSP Circulating DNA Kit (QIAsymphony). For each extraction method, cfDNA was extracted on two separate days, using samples obtained from 18 healthy donors. This study assessed extraction efficiency, quantity, and quality using droplet digital PCR and TapeStation. The QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit, both manual and semiautomated, outperformed the QIAamp MinElute ccfDNA Kit (QIAcube) and QIAsymphony DSP Circulating DNA Kit (QIAsymphony), showing higher recovery rates and cfDNA quantity. All methods were reproducible, with no day-to-day variability and no contamination by high-molecular-weight DNA. The QIAamp Circulating Nucleic Acid Kit offers high yield without compromising quality. Implementation of the method should consider specific study and clinical needs, taking into account each method's advantages and limitations for optimal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone K Terp
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Inge S Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Malene P Stoico
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clarkin-Breslin RC, Brainard BM. Point-of-care and traditional erythrocyte sedimentation rate, point-of-care rheometry, and cell-free DNA concentration in dogs with or without systemic inflammation. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:177-186. [PMID: 38372154 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241226971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
RBC aggregation and deformability characteristics are altered by inflammatory, microcirculatory, and hemorheologic disease. These changes can be indirectly evaluated using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Newer point-of-care devices employ syllectometry to evaluate RBC rheology, which can give information beyond the ESR. We evaluated 2 point-of-care rheometers (iSED and MIZAR; Alcor Scientific) in 52 dogs presented to a university teaching hospital. Whole blood samples were analyzed for correlation between the ESR using the Westergren (ESRw) method (measured at 1 h and 24 h) and the predicted ESR using iSED. Plasma fibrinogen and cell-free DNA concentrations were also measured as probable markers of inflammation. The iSED-predicted ESR was positively correlated to the ESRw method at 1 h (r = 0.74; p < 0.001) and 24 h (r = 0.62; p < 0.001). Comparing dogs with or without inflammation (defined as plasma fibrinogen concentration >3.5 g/L [350 mg/dL]), significant differences were seen in the MIZAR parameters of base point, amplitude, integral, and half-time. Median cell-free DNA concentrations were higher in the group of dogs with inflammation (117 [range: 51-266] ng/mL vs. 82.7 [range: 19-206] ng/mL; p = 0.024). The iSED-predicted ESR is a good predictor of the ESRw and was obtained more rapidly. Rheometric parameters measured by MIZAR may be useful in detecting inflammation and monitoring secondary morphologic and functional changes in canine RBCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Clarkin-Breslin
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brainard
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nikitina D, Lukosevicius R, Tilinde D, Muskieta T, Hov JR, Melum E, Klovins J, Org E, Kiudelis G, Kupcinskas J, Skieceviciene J. Cell-Free Microbial DNA Analysis: Effects of Blood Plasma and Serum Quantity, Biobanking Protocols, and Isolation Kits. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38416864 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the presence of bacterial sequences in the human blood, suggesting potential clinical significance for circulating microbial signatures. These sequences could presumably serve in the diagnosis, prediction, or monitoring of various health conditions. Ensuring the similarity of samples before bacterial analysis is crucial, especially when combining samples from different biobanks prepared under varying conditions (such as different DNA extraction kits, centrifugation conditions, blood collection tubes, etc.). In this study, we aimed to analyze the impact of different sample collection and nucleic acid extraction criteria (blood collection tube, centrifugation, input volume, and DNA extraction kit) on circulating bacterial composition. Blood samples from four healthy individuals were collected into three different sample collection tubes: K2EDTA plasma tube, sodium citrate plasma tube, and gel tube for blood serum. Tubes were centrifugated at standard and double centrifugation conditions. DNA extraction was performed using 100, 200, and 500 μL plasma/serum input volumes. DNA extraction was performed using three different isolation kits: Norgen plasma/serum cell-free circulating DNA purification micro kit, Applied Biosystems MagMAX cell-free DNA isolation kit, and Qiagen QIAamp MinElute cell-free circulating DNA mini kit. All samples were subjected to 16S rRNA V1-V2 library preparation and sequencing. In total, 216 DNA and 18 water control samples were included in the study. According to PERMANOVA, PCoA, Mann-Whitney, and FDR tests the effect of the DNA extraction kit on the microbiota composition was the greatest, whereas the type of blood collection tube, centrifugation type, and sample input volume for the extraction had minor effects. Samples extracted with the Norgen DNA extraction kit were enriched with Gram-negative bacteria, whereas samples extracted with the Qiagen and MagMAX kits were enriched with Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial profiles of samples prepared with the Qiagen and MagMAX DNA extraction kits were more similar, whereas samples prepared with the Norgen DNA extraction kit were significantly different from other groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darja Nikitina
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Lukosevicius
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Deimante Tilinde
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Muskieta
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Johannes Roksund Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Hybrid Technology Hub Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elin Org
- Institute of Genomics, Estonian Genome Centre, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gediminas Kiudelis
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Skieceviciene
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Gastroenterology, Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Luo Y, Zhang H, Li L, Lin Y, Wang X, Chen W, Tao Y, Ou R, Zhou W, Zheng F, Jin Y, Cheng F, Zhu H, Zhang Y, Jin X. Heat inactivation does not alter host plasma cell-free DNA characteristics in infectious disease research. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117751. [PMID: 38163539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a promising analyte for non-invasive liquid biopsy, carrying abundant signatures for disease diagnosis and monitoring. In infectious disease researches, blood plasma samples are routinely heat-inactivated before proceeding with downstream analyses. However, the effects of heat inactivation on cfDNA fragmentomic analysis remain largely unclear, potentially introducing biases or altering the characteristics of cfDNA. METHODS We performed a comprehensive investigation of cfDNA concentrations and fragmentomics in 21 plasma samples from 7 healthy individuals, by comparing the sample group without the heat inactivation to those exposed to once or twice heat-inactivation at 56 °C for 30 min and following freeze-thaw. RESULTS Plasma samples with once and twice heat inactivation displayed no significant deviations in primary characteristics, including cfDNA concentrations, size profiles, end motif features, and genome-wide distributions, compared to samples without heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS Heat-inactivated cfDNA can be utilized for liquid biopsy in infectious disease researches, without substantial impact on cfDNA concentrations and fragmentomic properties. This study provides essential insights into the effects of heat inactivation on cfDNA properties and will contribute to the development of reliable non-invasive biomarkers for infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Luo
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Lingguo Li
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lin
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China; School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Tao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Rijing Ou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenwen Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Fanjun Cheng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Transomics Biotechnologies, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roch B, Pisareva E, Mirandola A, Sanchez C, Pastor B, Tanos R, Frayssinoux F, Diab-Assaf M, Anker P, Al Amir Dache Z, Thierry AR. Impact of platelet activation on the release of cell-free mitochondria and circulating mitochondrial DNA. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117711. [PMID: 38101467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on circulating mitochondrial DNA (cir-mtDNA) based diagnostic is insufficient, as to its function, origin, structural features, and particularly its standardization of isolation. To date, plasma preparation performed in previous studies do not take into consideration the potential bias resulting from the release of mitochondria by activated platelets. METHODS To tackle this, we compared the mtDNA amount determined by a standard plasma preparation method or a method optimally avoiding platelet activation. MtDNA extracted from the plasma of seven healthy individuals was quantified by Q-PCR in the course of the process of both methods submitted to filtration, freezing or differential centrifugation. RESULTS 98.7 to 99.4% of plasma mtDNA corresponded to extracellular mitochondria, either free or into large extracellular vesicles. Without platelet activation, the proportion of both types of entities remained preponderant (76-80%), but the amount of detected mtDNA decreased 67-fold. CONCLUSION We show the high capacity of platelets to release free mitochondria in "in vitro" conditions. This represents a potent confounding factor when extracting mtDNA for cir-mtDNA investigation. Platelet activation during pre-analytical conditions should therefore be avoided when studying cir-mtDNA. Our findings lead to a profound revision of the assumptions previously made by most works in this field. Overall, our data suggest the need to characterize or isolate mtDNA associated various structural forms, as well as to standardize plasma preparation, to better circumscribe cir-mtDNA's diagnostic capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Roch
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France; Thoracic Oncology Unit, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier F-34295, France
| | - Ekaterina Pisareva
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Alexia Mirandola
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Cynthia Sanchez
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Brice Pastor
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Rita Tanos
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Florence Frayssinoux
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University Fanar, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Anker
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Zahra Al Amir Dache
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France
| | - Alain R Thierry
- IRCM, Montpellier Cancer Research Institute, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier F-34298, France; ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier F-34298, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van der Leest P, Schuuring E. Critical Factors in the Analytical Work Flow of Circulating Tumor DNA-Based Molecular Profiling. Clin Chem 2024; 70:220-233. [PMID: 38175597 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy testing, especially molecular tumor profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in cell-free plasma, has received increasing interest in recent years as it serves as a reliable alternative for the detection of tumor-specific aberrations to guide treatment decision-making in oncology. Many (commercially available) applications have been developed, however, broad divergences in (pre)analytical work flows and lack of universally applied guidelines impede routine clinical implementation. In this review, critical factors in the blood-based ctDNA liquid biopsy work flow are evaluated. CONTENT In the preanalytical phase, several aspects (e.g., blood collection tubes [BCTs], plasma processing, and extraction method) affect the quantity and quality of the circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) applicable for subsequent molecular analyses and should meet certain standards to be applied in diagnostic work flows. Analytical considerations, such as analytical input and choice of assay, might vary based on the clinical application (i.e., screening, primary diagnosis, minimal residual disease [MRD], response monitoring, and resistance identification). In addition to practical procedures, variant interpretation and reporting ctDNA results should be harmonized. Collaborative efforts in (inter)national consortia and societies are essential for the establishment of standard operating procedures (SOPs) in attempts to standardize the plasma-based ctDNA analysis work flow. SUMMARY Development of universally applicable guidelines regarding the critical factors in liquid biopsy testing are necessary to pave the way to clinical implementation for routine diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul van der Leest
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Schuuring
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Espiga de Macedo J, Taveira-Gomes T, Machado JC, Hespanhol V. Implementation of a Pilot Study to Analyze Circulating Tumor DNA in Early-Stage Lung Cancer. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:10-19. [PMID: 37489611 DOI: 10.20344/amp.19487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid biopsies based on plasma circulating tumour deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) have shown promise in monitoring lung cancer evolution. The expression of ctDNA across time, its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and its association with lung cancer progression through imaging allow us to weigh how useful ctDNA could be in monitoring surgically resectable lung cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ctDNA analysis implementation in early-stage lung cancer. METHODS A cohort of 47 patients was sequentially recruited. Only 34 patients with early-stage lung cancer were included. All patients had a tissue specimen and five blood samples drawn: at the preoperative stage, from the pulmonary vein, at surgical discharge, at the first follow-up and at the last follow-up. All blood samples were evaluated for ctDNA expression. RESULTS On average, the maximum yield of ctDNA was obtained in liquid biopsies at the surgical discharge of patients when compared with PO, PV, and F1 (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001 respectively). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing the last follow-up to surgical discharge ctDNA expression (p = 0.851). The correlation between ctDNA concentration according to five-time points and the four clinicopathological characteristics showed that patients younger than 70 years had a statistically significant reduction of the concentration of ctDNA at the preoperative and surgical discharge time point [β = -16 734 (-27 707; - 5760); p = 0.003; β = -21 785 (-38 447; -5123); p = 0.010], as opposed to an increase of the concentration of ctDNA at the pulmonary vein and last follow-up time points [β = 8369 (0.359; 16 378); p = 0.041; β = 34 402 (12 549; 56 254); p = 0.002] all with a confidence level of 95%. In the cases where actionable mutations were identified in tissue biopsies, the expected mutation was found in five out of six patients plasma samples at the pre-operatory time point and in two out of six patients plasma samples at the pulmonary vein time point. Two out of six patients with actionable mutations had disease progression. CONCLUSION The results of this pilot study suggest that the maximum yield of ctDNA is obtained at the surgical discharge of the patients and that the pre-operatory timepoint is the one offering the highest sensitivity for the detection of actionable mutations in ctDNA in early-stage lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Espiga de Macedo
- Medical Oncology Department. Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga. Santa Maria da Feira. & Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Tiago Taveira-Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Community Medicine. Information and Decision in Health (MEDCIDS). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Fernando Pessoa. Porto. Portugal
| | - José Carlos Machado
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology (IPATIMUP). Universidade do Porto. Porto. & Department of Pulmonology. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bronkhorst AJ, Holdenrieder S. A pocket companion to cell-free DNA (cfDNA) preanalytics. Tumour Biol 2024; 46:S297-S308. [PMID: 37840517 DOI: 10.3233/tub-230011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The cumulative pool of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules within bodily fluids represents a highly dense and multidimensional information repository. This "biological mirror" provides real-time insights into the composition, function, and dynamics of the diverse genomes within the body, enabling significant advancements in personalized molecular medicine. However, effective use of this information necessitates meticulous classification of distinct cfDNA subtypes with exceptional precision. While cfDNA molecules originating from different sources exhibit numerous genetic, epigenetic, and physico-chemical variations, they also share common features that complicate analyses. Considerable progress has been achieved in mapping the landscape of cfDNA features, their clinical correlations, and optimizing extraction procedures, analytical approaches, bioinformatics pipelines, and machine learning algorithms. Nevertheless, preanalytical workflows, despite their profound impact on cfDNA measurements, have not progressed at a corresponding pace. In this perspective article, we emphasize the pivotal role of robust preanalytical procedures in the development and clinical integration of cfDNA assays, highlighting persistent obstacles and emerging challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel J Bronkhorst
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bagheri R, Ghorbian M, Ghorbian S. Tumor circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 38:100787. [PMID: 38194840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
CRC is a major global health concern and is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related deaths each year. The successful treatment of CRC becomes more difficult when it goes undetected until it has advanced to a later stage. Diagnostic biomarkers can play a critical role in the early detection of CRC, which leads to improved patient outcomes and increased survival rates. It is important to develop reliable biomarkers for the early detection of CRC to enable timely diagnosis and treatment. To date, CRC detection methods such as endoscopy, blood, and stool tests are imperfect and often only identify cases in the later stages of the disease. To overcome these limitations, researchers are turning to molecular biomarkers as a promising avenue for improving CRC detection. Diagnostic information can be provided more reliably through a noninvasive approach using biomarkers such as mRNA, circulating cell-free DNA, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA, and proteins. These biomarkers can be found in blood, tissue, feces, and volatile organic compounds. The identification of molecular biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity for early detection of CRC that are safe, cost-effective, and easily measurable remains a significant challenge for researchers. In this article, we will explore the latest advancements in blood-based diagnostic biomarkers for CRC and their potential impact on improving patient survival rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raana Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghorbian
- Department of Computer Engineering, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zavarykina TM, Lomskova PK, Pronina IV, Khokhlova SV, Stenina MB, Sukhikh GT. Circulating Tumor DNA Is a Variant of Liquid Biopsy with Predictive and Prognostic Clinical Value in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17073. [PMID: 38069396 PMCID: PMC10706922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces the reader to the field of liquid biopsies and cell-free nucleic acids, focusing on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in breast cancer (BC). BC is the most common type of cancer in women, and progress with regard to treatment has been made in recent years. Despite this, there remain a number of unresolved issues in the treatment of BC; in particular, early detection and diagnosis, reliable markers of response to treatment and for the prediction of recurrence and metastasis, especially for unfavorable subtypes, are needed. It is also important to identify biomarkers for the assessment of drug resistance and for disease monitoring. Our work is devoted to ctDNA, which may be such a marker. Here, we describe its main characteristics and potential applications in clinical oncology. This review considers the results of studies devoted to the analysis of the prognostic and predictive roles of various methods for the determination of ctDNA in BC patients. Currently known epigenetic changes in ctDNA with clinical significance are reviewed. The possibility of using ctDNA as a predictive and prognostic marker for monitoring BC and predicting the recurrence and metastasis of cancer is also discussed, which may become an important part of a precision approach to the treatment of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M. Zavarykina
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia;
- “B.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia; (S.V.K.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Polina K. Lomskova
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia;
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia;
| | - Svetlana V. Khokhlova
- “B.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia; (S.V.K.); (G.T.S.)
| | - Marina B. Stenina
- “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 115522, Russia;
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- “B.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 117997, Russia; (S.V.K.); (G.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bronkhorst AJ, Holdenrieder S. The changing face of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) profiling: Factors that shape the landscape of methodologies, technologies, and commercialization. MED GENET-BERLIN 2023; 35:201-235. [PMID: 38835739 PMCID: PMC11006350 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2023-2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies, in particular the profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), have long held promise as transformative tools in cancer precision medicine. Despite a prolonged incubation phase, ctDNA profiling has recently experienced a strong wave of development and innovation, indicating its imminent integration into the cancer management toolbox. Various advancements in mutation-based ctDNA analysis methodologies and technologies have greatly improved sensitivity and specificity of ctDNA assays, such as optimized preanalytics, size-based pre-enrichment strategies, targeted sequencing, enhanced library preparation methods, sequencing error suppression, integrated bioinformatics and machine learning. Moreover, research breakthroughs have expanded the scope of ctDNA analysis beyond hotspot mutational profiling of plasma-derived apoptotic, mono-nucleosomal ctDNA fragments. This broader perspective considers alternative genetic features of cancer, genome-wide characterization, classical and newly discovered epigenetic modifications, structural variations, diverse cellular and mechanistic ctDNA origins, and alternative biospecimen types. These developments have maximized the utility of ctDNA, facilitating landmark research, clinical trials, and the commercialization of ctDNA assays, technologies, and products. Consequently, ctDNA tests are increasingly recognized as an important part of patient guidance and are being implemented in clinical practice. Although reimbursement for ctDNA tests by healthcare providers still lags behind, it is gaining greater acceptance. In this work, we provide a comprehensive exploration of the extensive landscape of ctDNA profiling methodologies, considering the multitude of factors that influence its development and evolution. By illuminating the broader aspects of ctDNA profiling, the aim is to provide multiple entry points for understanding and navigating the vast and rapidly evolving landscape of ctDNA methodologies, applications, and technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abel J Bronkhorst
- Technical University Munich Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center Lazarettstr. 36 80636 Munich Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Technical University Munich Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center Lazarettstr. 36 80636 Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ntzifa A, Lianidou E. Pre-analytical conditions and implementation of quality control steps in liquid biopsy analysis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:573-594. [PMID: 37518938 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2230290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, great advancements have been made in the field of liquid biopsy through extensive research and the development of new technologies that facilitate the use of liquid biopsy for cancer patients. This is shown by the numerous liquid biopsy tests that gained clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in recent years. Liquid biopsy has significantly altered cancer treatment by providing clinicians with powerful and immediate information about therapeutic decisions. However, the clinical integration of liquid biopsy is still challenging and there are many critical factors to consider prior to its implementation into routine clinical practice. Lack of standardization due to technical challenges and the definition of the clinical utility of specific assays further complicates the establishment of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in liquid biopsy. Harmonization of laboratories to established guidelines is of major importance to overcome inter-lab variabilities observed. Quality control assessment in diagnostic laboratories that offer liquid biopsy testing will ensure that clinicians can base their therapeutic decisions on robust results. The regular participation of laboratories in external quality assessment schemes for liquid biopsy testing aims to promptly pinpoint deficiencies and efficiently educate laboratories to improve their quality of services. Accreditation of liquid biopsy diagnostic laboratories based on the ISO15189 standard in Europe or by CLIA/CAP accreditation procedures in the US is the best way to achieve the adaptation of liquid biopsy into the clinical setting by assuring reliable results for the clinicians and their cancer patients. Nowadays, various organizations from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies collaborate to set a framework that will include all procedures from the pre-analytical phase and the analytical process to the final interpretation of results. In this review, we underline several challenges in the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) concerning standardization of protocols, quality control assessment, harmonization of laboratories, and compliance to specific guidelines that need to be thoroughly considered before liquid biopsy enters the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Ntzifa
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells Lab, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Macías M, Acha B, Corroza J, Urdánoz-Casado A, Roldan M, Robles M, Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa J, Erro ME, Jericó I, Blanco-Luquin I, Mendioroz M. Liquid Biopsy in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Reveals Epigenetic Changes in the PRLHR Gene. Cells 2023; 12:2679. [PMID: 38067107 PMCID: PMC10705731 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, new DNA methylation variants have been reported in genes biologically relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in human brain tissue. However, this AD-specific epigenetic information remains brain-locked and unreachable during patients' lifetimes. In a previous methylome performed in the hippocampus of 26 AD patients and 12 controls, we found higher methylation levels in AD patients in the promoter region of PRLHR, a gene involved in energy balance regulation. Our aim was to further characterize PRLHR's role in AD and to evaluate if the liquid biopsy technique would provide life access to this brain information in a non-invasive way. First, we extended the methylation mapping of PRLHR and validated previous methylome results via bisulfite cloning sequencing. Next, we observed a positive correlation between PRLHR methylation levels and AD-related neuropathological changes and a decreased expression of PRLHR in AD hippocampus. Then, we managed to replicate the hippocampal methylation differences in plasma cfDNA from an additional cohort of 35 AD patients and 35 controls. The isolation of cfDNA from the plasma of AD patients may constitute a source of potential epigenetic biomarkers to aid AD clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Macías
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Blanca Acha
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Jon Corroza
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.C.); (I.J.)
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Miren Roldan
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Maitane Robles
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Javier Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.C.); (I.J.)
| | - María Elena Erro
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.C.); (I.J.)
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.C.); (I.J.)
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Universidad Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.M.); (B.A.); (A.U.-C.); (M.R.); (M.R.); (J.S.-R.d.G.); (M.E.E.); (I.B.-L.)
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.C.); (I.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Batool SM, Hsia T, Beecroft A, Lewis B, Ekanayake E, Rosenfeld Y, Escobedo AK, Gamblin AS, Rawal S, Cote RJ, Watson M, Wong DTW, Patel AA, Skog J, Papadopoulos N, Bettegowda C, Castro CM, Lee H, Srivastava S, Carter BS, Balaj L. Extrinsic and intrinsic preanalytical variables affecting liquid biopsy in cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101196. [PMID: 37725979 PMCID: PMC10591035 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy, through isolation and analysis of disease-specific analytes, has evolved as a promising tool for safe and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. It also has tremendous utility as a companion diagnostic allowing detection of biomarkers in a range of cancers (lung, breast, colon, ovarian, brain). However, clinical implementation and validation remains a challenge. Among other stages of development, preanalytical variables are critical in influencing the downstream cellular and molecular analysis of different analytes. Although considerable progress has been made to address these challenges, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on diagnostic parameters and consensus on standardized and optimized protocols is still lacking. Here, we summarize and critically evaluate key variables in the preanalytical stage, including study population selection, choice of biofluid, sample handling and collection, processing, and storage. There is an unmet need to develop and implement comprehensive preanalytical guidelines on the optimal practices and methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffaney Hsia
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Beecroft
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Lewis
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emil Ekanayake
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yulia Rosenfeld
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana K Escobedo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin S Gamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siddarth Rawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard J Cote
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Circulogix Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark Watson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T W Wong
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | | | | | - Cesar M Castro
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonora Balaj
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsoli M, Koumarianou A, Angelousi A, Kaltsas G. Established and novel circulating neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers for diagnostic, predictive and prognostic use. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101785. [PMID: 37336711 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The management of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represents a clinical challenge due to heterogeneity of their clinical behaviour, molecular biology and response to treatment. Over the years, several circulating biomarkers have been developed for the early diagnosis and follow-up of NETs. The specific secretory products of tumors associated with a secretory syndrome (functioning tumors) may be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers while the most common non-specific circulating biomarkers, that may be increased in both functioning and non-functioning tumors, are chromogranin A and the neuron specific enolase. However, the diagnostic accuracy as well as the prognostic and predictive value of these biomarkers are limited and novel techniques of multianalyte analysis of regulators of tumor biology have been developed. The NETest has been most extensively studied and proved to be useful in NET diagnosis, early detection of post-operative recurrence and prediction of response to treatment but further investigation establishing higher level of evidence is required for implementation in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tsoli
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Anna Koumarianou
- Haematology-Oncology Unit, Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462, Greece
| | - Anna Angelousi
- Unit of Endocrinology, First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, 1st Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, Laiko Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khanna K, Salmond N, Halvaei S, Johnson A, Williams KC. Separation and isolation of CD9-positive extracellular vesicles from plasma using flow cytometry. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4435-4446. [PMID: 37638157 PMCID: PMC10448347 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00081h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized (∼30-1000 nm) lipid-enclosed particles released by a variety of cell types. EVs are found in biological fluids and are considered a promising material for disease detection and monitoring. Given their nanosized properties, EVs are difficult to isolate and study. In complex biological samples, this difficulty is amplified by other small particles and contaminating proteins making the discovery and validation of EV-based biomarkers challenging. Developing new strategies to isolate EVs from complex biological samples is of significant interest. Here, we evaluate the utility of flow cytometry to isolate particles in the nanoscale size range. Flow cytometry calibration was performed and 100 nm nanoparticles and ∼124 nm virus were used to test sorting capabilities in the nanoscale size range. Next, using blood plasma, we assessed the capabilities of flow cytometry sorting for the isolation of CD9-positive EVs. Using flow cytometry, CD9-positive EVs could be sorted from pre-enriched EV fractions and directly from plasma without the need for any EV pre-enrichment isolation strategies. These results demonstrate that flow cytometry can be employed as a method to isolate subpopulations of EVs from biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Khanna
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Nikki Salmond
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Sina Halvaei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine, UBC Flow Facility, The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Karla C Williams
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Santini D, Botticelli A, Galvano A, Iuliani M, Incorvaia L, Gristina V, Taffon C, Foderaro S, Paccagnella E, Simonetti S, Fazio F, Scagnoli S, Pomati G, Pantano F, Perrone G, De Falco E, Russo A, Spinelli GP. Network approach in liquidomics landscape. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:193. [PMID: 37542343 PMCID: PMC10401883 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical oncology. Despite the current lack of a standardization for its workflows, that makes it hard to be reproduced, liquid biopsy has already obtained promising results for cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk of recurrence.Through a more accessible molecular profiling of tumors, it could become easier to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment, such as EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, or Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair as predictive markers of pembrolizumab response.By monitoring circulating tumor DNA in longitudinal repeated sampling of blood we could also predict Minimal Residual Disease and the risk of recurrence in already radically resected patients.In this review we will discuss about the current knowledge of limitations and strengths of the different forms of liquid biopsies for its inclusion in normal cancer management, with a brief nod to their newest biomarkers and its future implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santini
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Galvano
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Iuliani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Gristina
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Taffon
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Foderaro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Elisa Paccagnella
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Sonia Simonetti
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Federico Fazio
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy.
| | - Simone Scagnoli
- Oncologia Medica A, Policlinico Umberto 1, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Pantano
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Selcetta, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Anatomical Pathology Operative Research Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Falco
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, C.So Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- UOC Oncologia Territoriale, Polo Pontino, La Sapienza Università Di Roma, Latina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Borg M, Wen SWC, Andersen RF, Timm S, Hansen TF, Hilberg O. Methylated Circulating Tumor DNA in Blood as a Tool for Diagnosing Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3959. [PMID: 37568774 PMCID: PMC10417522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and early detection is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Current screening methods using computed tomography have limitations, prompting interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools such as methylated circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed. The electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles. The search string contained three main topics: Lung cancer, blood, and methylated ctDNA. The extraction of data and quality assessment were carried out independently by the reviewers. In total, 33 studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The most frequently studied genes were SHOX2, RASSF1A, and APC. The sensitivity and specificity of methylated ctDNA varied across studies, with a summary sensitivity estimate of 46.9% and a summary specificity estimate of 92.9%. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.81. The included studies were generally of acceptable quality, although they lacked information in certain areas. The risk of publication bias was not significant. Based on the findings, methylated ctDNA in blood shows potential as a rule-in tool for lung cancer diagnosis but requires further research, possibly in combination with other biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Borg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (M.B.)
| | - Sara Witting Christensen Wen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke Fredslund Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Frøstrup Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Hilberg
- Department of Medicine, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (M.B.)
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tan E, Liu D, Perry L, Zhu J, Cid-Serra X, Deane A, Yeo C, Ajani A. Cell-free DNA as a potential biomarker for acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 47:101246. [PMID: 37560328 PMCID: PMC10407200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue necrosis releases cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA), leading to rapid increases in plasma concentration with clearance independent of kidney function. AIM To explore the diagnostic role of cfDNA in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis included studies of cfDNA in patients with AMI and a comparator group without AMI. The quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool was used, with AMI determined from the criteria of the original study. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were obtained using a random-effects inverse variance model. Heterogeneity was reported as I2. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were computed using a bivariate model. The area under the curve (AUC) was estimated from a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve. RESULTS Seventeen studies were identified involving 1804 patients (n = 819 in the AMI group, n = 985 in the comparator group). Circulating cfDNA concentrations were greater in the AMI group (SMD 3.47 (95%CI: 2.54-4.41, p < 0.001)). The studies were of variable methodological quality with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98%, p < 0.001), possibly due to the differences in cfDNA quantification methodologies (Chi2 25.16, p < 0.001, I2 = 92%). Diagnostic accuracy was determined using six studies (n = 804), which yielded a sensitivity of 87% (95%CI: 72%-95%) and specificity of 96% (95%CI: 92%-98%). The AUC was 0.96 (95%CI: 0.93-0.98). Two studies reported a relationship between peak cfDNA and peak troponin. No studies reported data for patients with pre-existing kidney impairment. CONCLUSION Plasma cfDNA appears to be a reliable biomarker of myocardial injury. Inferences from existing results are limited owing to methodology heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Tan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luke Perry
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Zhu
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ximena Cid-Serra
- Department of General Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Deane
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Andrew Ajani
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tortajada-Genaro LA, Lazaro A, Martorell S, Maquieira A. Nucleotide-selective amplification and array-based detection for identifying multiple somatic mutations. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1265:341343. [PMID: 37230582 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the context of personalized and cost-effective treatment, knowledge of the mutational status of specific genes is advantageous to predict which patients are responsive to therapies. As an alternative to one-by-one detection or massive sequencing, the presented genotyping tool determines multiple polymorphic sequences that vary a single nucleotide. The biosensing method includes an effective enrichment of mutant variants and selective recognition by colorimetric DNA arrays. The proposed approach is the hybridization between sequence-tailored probes and products from PCR with SuperSelective primers to discriminate specific variants in a single locus. A fluorescence scanner, a documental scanner, or a smartphone captured the chip images to obtain spot intensities. Hence, specific recognition patterns identified any single-nucleotide change in the wild-type sequence overcoming qPCR methods and other array-based approaches. Studied mutational analyses applied to human cell lines provided high discrimination factors, the precision was 95%, and the sensitivity was 1% mutant of total DNA. Also, the methods showed a selective genotyping of the KRAS gene from tumorous samples (tissue and liquid biopsy), corroborating results by NGS. The developed technology supported on low-cost robust chips and optical reading provides an attractive pathway toward implementing fast, cheap, reproducible discrimination of oncological patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Tortajada-Genaro
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Lazaro
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Martorell
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Maquieira
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain; Unidad Mixta UPV-La Fe, Nanomedicine and Sensors, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Química, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Michelson J, Rausser S, Peng A, Yu T, Sturm G, Trumpff C, Kaufman BA, Rai AJ, Picard M. MitoQuicLy: A high-throughput method for quantifying cell-free DNA from human plasma, serum, and saliva. Mitochondrion 2023; 71:26-39. [PMID: 37172669 PMCID: PMC10524316 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is an emerging biomarker of psychobiological stress and disease which predicts mortality and is associated with various disease states. To evaluate the contribution of cf-mtDNA to health and disease states, standardized high-throughput procedures are needed to quantify cf-mtDNA in relevant biofluids. Here, we describe MitoQuicLy: Mitochondrial DNA Quantification in cell-free samples by Lysis. We demonstrate high agreement between MitoQuicLy and the commonly used column-based method, although MitoQuicLy is faster, cheaper, and requires a smaller input sample volume. Using 10 µL of input volume with MitoQuicLy, we quantify cf-mtDNA levels from three commonly used plasma tube types, two serum tube types, and saliva. We detect, as expected, significant inter-individual differences in cf-mtDNA across different biofluids. However, cf-mtDNA levels between concurrently collected plasma, serum, and saliva from the same individual differ on average by up to two orders of magnitude and are poorly correlated with one another, pointing to different cf-mtDNA biology or regulation between commonly used biofluids in clinical and research settings. Moreover, in a small sample of healthy women and men (n = 34), we show that blood and saliva cf-mtDNAs correlate with clinical biomarkers differently depending on the sample used. The biological divergences revealed between biofluids, together with the lysis-based, cost-effective, and scalable MitoQuicLy protocol for biofluid cf-mtDNA quantification, provide a foundation to examine the biological origin and significance of cf-mtDNA to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Temmie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Brett A Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alex J Rai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cohen R, Platell CF, McCoy MJ, Meehan K, Fuller K. Circulating tumour DNA in colorectal cancer management. Br J Surg 2023; 110:773-783. [PMID: 37190784 PMCID: PMC10364542 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour DNA analysis can be performed using two opposing paradigms: tumour-informed and tumour-agnostic approaches. The first requires sequencing data from the primary tumour sample to identify tumour DNA in circulation, whereas the latter occurs without previous primary tumour genetic profiling.
Several preanalytical and laboratory considerations need to be taken into account before proceeding with in-house circulating tumour DNA analysis.
Detection of circulating tumour DNA after curative resection is associated with a significant risk of recurrence. For those with stage II disease and detectable postoperative circulating tumour DNA, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy results in a reduction in the number of patients receiving chemotherapy while providing non-inferior recurrence-free survival compared with standard histopathological decision-making algorithms.
Monitoring circulating tumour DNA during post-treatment surveillance may provide a significantly earlier diagnosis of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Cohen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cameron F Platell
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Melanie J McCoy
- Colorectal Cancer Unit, St John of God Subiaco Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katie Meehan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathy Fuller
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bányász B, Antal J, Dénes B. False Positives in Brucellosis Serology: Wrong Bait and Wrong Pond? Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8050274. [PMID: 37235322 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the status of resolving the problem of false positive serologic results (FPSR) in Brucella serology, compiles our knowledge on the molecular background of the problem, and highlights some prospects for its resolution. The molecular basis of the FPSRs is reviewed through analyzing the components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, especially the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with details related to brucellae. After evaluating the efforts that have been made to solve target specificity problems of serologic tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) resolving the FPSR problem requires a deeper understanding than we currently possess, both of Brucella immunology and of the current serology tests; (ii) the practical solutions will be as expensive as the related research; and (iii) the root cause of FPSRs is the application of the same type of antigen (S-type LPS) in the currently approved tests. Thus, new approaches are necessary to resolve the problems stemming from FPSR. Such approaches suggested by this paper are: (i) the application of antigens from R-type bacteria; or (ii) the further development of specific brucellin-based skin tests; or (iii) the application of microbial cell-free DNA as analyte, whose approach is detailed in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Bányász
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Immunology, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Antal
- Omixon Biocomputing Ltd., 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Dénes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Talotta D, Almasri M, Cosentino C, Gaidano G, Moia R. Liquid biopsy in hematological malignancies: current and future applications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1164517. [PMID: 37152045 PMCID: PMC10157039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1164517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of the cancer mutational profile is crucial for patient management, stratification, and therapeutic decisions. At present, in hematological malignancies with a solid mass, such as lymphomas, tumor genomic profiling is generally performed on the tissue biopsy, but the tumor may harbor genetic lesions that are unique to other anatomical compartments. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) on the liquid biopsy is an emerging approach that allows genotyping and monitoring of the disease during therapy and follow-up. This review presents the different methods for ctDNA analysis and describes the application of liquid biopsy in different hematological malignancies. In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), ctDNA analysis on the liquid biopsy recapitulates the mutational profile of the tissue biopsy and can identify mutations otherwise absent on the tissue biopsy. In addition, changes in the ctDNA amount after one or two courses of chemotherapy significantly predict patient outcomes. ctDNA analysis has also been tested in myeloid neoplasms with promising results. In addition to mutational analysis, liquid biopsy also carries potential future applications of ctDNA, including the analysis of ctDNA fragmentation and epigenetic patterns. On these grounds, several clinical trials aiming at incorporating ctDNA analysis for treatment tailoring are currently ongoing in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Moia
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prior-de Castro C, Gómez-González C, Rodríguez-López R, Macher HC. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of monogenic diseases. ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE 2023; 4:28-51. [PMID: 37359899 PMCID: PMC10197187 DOI: 10.1515/almed-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal genetic diagnosis of monogenic diseases is a process involving the use of a variety of molecular techniques for the molecular characterization of a potential monogenic disease in the fetus during pregnancy. Prenatal genetic diagnosis can be performed through invasive and non-invasive methods. A distinction must be made between "NIPD" (non-invasive prenatal diagnosis), which is considered to be diagnostic, from "NIPT" (non-invasive prenatal test), which is a screening test that requires subsequent confirmation by invasive methods. The different techniques currently available aim at detecting either, previously characterized pathogenic mutations in the family, the risk haplotype associated with the familial mutation, or potential pathogenic mutation(s) in a gene associated with a diagnostic suspicion. An overview is provided of relevant aspects of prenatal genetic diagnosis of monogenic diseases. The objective of this paper is to describe the main molecular techniques currently available and used in clinical practice. A description is provided of the indications, limitations and analytical recommendations regarding these techniques, and the standards governing genetic counseling. Continuous rapid advances in the clinical applications of genomics have provided increased access to comprehensive molecular characterization. Laboratories are struggling to keep in pace with technology developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raquel Rodríguez-López
- Laboratorio de Genética, Servicio Análisis Clínicos, Consorcio Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hada C. Macher
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Sevilla, IBIS, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patel KB, Padhya TA, Huang J, Hernandez-Prera JC, Li T, Chung CH, Wang L, Wang X. Plasma cell-free DNA methylome profiling in pre- and post-surgery oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:493-502. [PMID: 36636912 PMCID: PMC10023468 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a highly heterogeneous disease that involves multiple anatomic sites, is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the utility of noninvasive biomarkers based on circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiling has been widely recognized, limited studies have been reported so far regarding the dynamics of cfDNA methylome in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC). It is hypothesized in this study that comparison of methylation profiles in pre- and postsurgery plasma samples will reveal OCSCC-specific prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. As a strategy to further prioritize tumor-specific targets, top differential methylated regions (DMRs) were called by reanalyzing methylation data from paired tumor and normal tissue collected in the the cancer genome atlas head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (TCGA) head and neck cancer cohort. Matched plasma samples from eight patients with OCSCC were collected at Moffitt Cancer Center before and after surgical resection. Plasma-derived cfDNA was analyzed by cfMBD-seq, which is a high-sensitive methylation profiling assay. Differential methylation analysis was then performed based on the matched samples profiled. In the top 200 HNSCC-specific DMRs detected based on the TCGA data set, a total of 23 regions reached significance in the plasma-based DMR test. The top five validated DMR regions (ranked by the significance in the plasma study) are located in the promoter regions of genes PENK, NXPH1, ZIK1, TBXT, and CDO1, respectively. The genome-wide cfDNA DMR analysis further highlighted candidate biomarkers located in genes SFRP4, SOX1, IRF4, and PCDH17. The prognostic relevance of candidate genes was confirmed by survival analysis using the TCGA data. This study supports the utility of cfDNA-based methylome profiling as a promising noninvasive biomarker source for OCSCC and HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krupal B Patel
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tapan A Padhya
- Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Jinyong Huang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Juan C Hernandez-Prera
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Tingyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Moffitt Cancer Center Immuno-Oncology Program, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Diaz IM, Nocon A, Held SAE, Kobilay M, Skowasch D, Bronkhorst AJ, Ungerer V, Fredebohm J, Diehl F, Holdenrieder S, Holtrup F. Pre-Analytical Evaluation of Streck Cell-Free DNA Blood Collection Tubes for Liquid Profiling in Oncology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071288. [PMID: 37046506 PMCID: PMC10093569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excellent pre-analytical stability is an essential precondition for reliable molecular profiling of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in oncological diagnostics. Therefore, in vitro degradation of ctDNA and the additional release of contaminating genomic DNA from lysed blood cells must be prevented. Streck Cell-Free DNA blood collection tubes (cfDNA BCTs) have proposed advantages over standard K2EDTA tubes, but mainly have been tested in healthy individuals. Blood was collected from cancer patients (n = 53) suffering from colorectal (n = 21), pancreatic (n = 11), and non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 21) using cfDNA BCT tubes and K2EDTA tubes that were processed immediately or after 3 days (BCTs) or 6 hours (K2EDTA) at room temperature. The cfDNA isolated from these samples was characterized in terms of yield using LINE-1 qPCR; the level of gDNA contamination; and the mutation status of KRAS, NRAS, and EGFR genes using BEAMing ddPCR. CfDNA yield and gDNA levels were comparable in both tube types and were not affected by prolonged storage of blood samples for at least 3 days in cfDNA BCTs or 6 hours in K2EDTA tubes. In addition, biospecimens collected in K2EDTA tubes and cfDNA BCTs stored for up to 3 days demonstrated highly comparable levels of mutational load across all respective cancer patient cohorts and a wide range of concentrations. Our data support the applicability of clinical oncology specimens collected and stored in cfDNA BCTs for up to 3 days for reliable cfDNA and mutation analyses.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dameri M, Cirmena G, Ravera F, Ferrando L, Cuccarolo P, Stabile M, Fanelli GN, Nuzzo PV, Calabrese M, Tagliafico A, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for non-invasive multiple biomarkers detection in an academic setting: a critical review of the literature for the RENOVATE study protocol. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 185:103963. [PMID: 36931614 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has the potential to drastically change clinical practice, paving the way to a novel non-invasive approach for cancer diagnosis and treatment. One of the limitations for the implementation of liquid biopsy in clinical practice is the lack of shared and reproducible standard operating procedures (SOPs) for sample collection, processing and storage. Here, we present a critical review of the literature focusing on the available SOPs to guide liquid biopsy management in research settings and describe SOPs that our laboratory developed and employed in the context of a prospective clinical-translational trial (RENOVATE, NCT04781062). The main aim of this manuscript is to address common issues, towards the implementation of interlaboratory shared protocols for optimized preanalytical handling of blood and urine samples. To our knowledge, this work is one of the few up-to-date, freely available comprehensive reports on trial-level procedures for the handling of liquid biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Dameri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Ravera
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 10044, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Paola Cuccarolo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Stabile
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10021, New York, NY, USA; First Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pier Vitale Nuzzo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 10044, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alberto Tagliafico
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Health Sciences DISSAL, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties DiMI, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mateus Pereira de Souza N, Hunter Machado B, Koche A, Beatriz Fernandes da Silva Furtado L, Becker D, Antonio Corbellini V, Rieger A. Detection of metabolic syndrome with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics in blood plasma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122135. [PMID: 36442341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of 3 or more risk factor (abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL-c, high blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Considering these systemic metabolic changes in the biochemical pathways of all biomolecules, Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a rapid, low-cost, and reagent-free alternative technique capable of identifying spectral biomarkers that differentiate subjects with MetS from control. In this study, plasma samples from 74 subjects (14 MetS, 60 control) were analyzed on the ATR-FTIR spectrophotometer. The objective was to differentiate subjects with MetS from control with supervised chemometrics modeling (Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis, OPLS-DA). Additionally, the inflammatory status of subjects with MetS and control (supervised by C-reactive protein - CRP, leptin, and cell-free DNA - cfDNA) was verified. The OPLS-DA model achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in cross-validation. For 1 latent variable (93.4% of variance), RMSECV < 0.002, PRESS CV < 0.0001, and R2 > 0.9999 was obtained. Significant spectrochemical differences (p < 0.05) were found between MetS and control subjects in the following biomolecular regions (cm-1): 1717-1703 [ν(CO) and δ(NH)], 1166-1137 [ν(C-OH) + ν(CO) and ν(CC) + δ(OH) + ν(CO)], 1113-1040 [ν(PO2-) and ν(C-OH)], and 1027-1008 [ν(CO) and v(CH2OH)]. In the OPLS-DA model loadings, amide I [1720-1600 cm-1, ν(CO)] and amide II [1570-1480 cm-1, δ(NH) + ν(CH)] had significantly greater weight than all other regions. There was a significant difference in inflammatory status between MetS patient and control (p < 0.05 for CRP and leptin, and p < 0.01 for cfDNA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Hunter Machado
- International Affairs, International University Centre, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Koche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Débora Becker
- Bachelor of Biological Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
- Department of Sciences, Humanities and, Education, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li M, Li L, Zheng J, Li Z, Li S, Wang K, Chen X. Liquid biopsy at the frontier in renal cell carcinoma: recent analysis of techniques and clinical application. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36810071 PMCID: PMC9942319 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a major pathological type of kidney cancer and is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The unremarkable symptoms of early stages, proneness to postoperative metastasis or recurrence, and low sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy pose a challenge for the diagnosis and treatment of RCC. Liquid biopsy is an emerging test that measures patient biomarkers, including circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA/cell-free tumor DNA, cell-free RNA, exosomes, and tumor-derived metabolites and proteins. Owing to its non-invasiveness, liquid biopsy enables continuous and real-time collection of patient information for diagnosis, prognostic assessment, treatment monitoring, and response evaluation. Therefore, the selection of appropriate biomarkers for liquid biopsy is crucial for identifying high-risk patients, developing personalized therapeutic plans, and practicing precision medicine. In recent years, owing to the rapid development and iteration of extraction and analysis technologies, liquid biopsy has emerged as a low cost, high efficiency, and high accuracy clinical detection method. Here, we comprehensively review liquid biopsy components and their clinical applications over the past 5 years. Additionally, we discuss its limitations and predict its future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Zheng
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Li
- grid.412467.20000 0004 1806 3501Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Shenyang, 110004 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
de Souza NMP, Machado BH, Koche A, da Silva Furtado LBF, Becker D, Corbellini VA, Rieger A. Discrimination of dyslipidemia types with ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics associated with multivariate analysis of the lipid profile, anthropometric, and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117231. [PMID: 36682440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, dyslipidemia, and low-grade inflammatory state form a triad of self-sustaining metabolic dysfunction. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a simple, rapid, and non-destructive technique that generates spectral fingerprints of biomolecules that can be correlated with metabolic changes. We verified the efficiency of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in blood plasma (n = 74) to discriminate the types of dyslipidemias and suggest metabolic inflammatory changes. METHODS Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the biochemical and anthropometric data to verify whether the dyslipidemia types share a similar biochemical profile plausible of discrimination in chemometric modeling. To discriminate the types of dyslipidemias based on spectral data, Orthogonal Partial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) was used and validated with leave-one-out cross-validation. RESULTS Although no significant difference was obtained between the types of dyslipidemia and normal subjects by CRP, leptin, and cfDNA, there was a significant difference between normal subjects vs combined hyperlipidemia (CH) + hypercholesterolemia (HCL) + hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) (p < 0.05) by the 1245 cm-1 peak [νas(PO2-)] (possible indication of chronic inflammation by increased cfDNA). The area under the curve of the region between 1770 and 1720 cm-1 was significantly increased for CH in relation to other dyslipidemias and normal subjects. Furthermore, there were significant differences for the main representative peaks of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids between the types of dyslipidemias and between the types of dyslipidemias and normal subjects. The OPLS-DA model achieved 100 % accuracy with 1 latent variable and Standard Error of Cross-Validation (SECV) < 0.004 for all types of dyslipidemia and the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy associated with chemometric modeling is a plausible applicant for screening the types of dyslipidemias. However, more extensive studies should be conducted to verify the real applicability in clinical analysis laboratories or medical clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Hunter Machado
- International Affairs, International University Centre, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Andreia Koche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Becker
- Bachelor of Biological Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Valeriano Antonio Corbellini
- Department of Sciences, Humanities and, Education, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rieger
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Technology, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Tian M, Feng L, Li J, Zhang R. Focus on the frontier issue: progress in noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal trisomy from clinical perspectives. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:248-269. [PMID: 36647189 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2162843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal blood and the rapid development of massively parallel sequencing have revolutionized prenatal testing from invasive to noninvasive. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) based on cffDNA enables the detection of fetal trisomy through sequencing, comparison, and bioassays. Its accuracy is better than that of traditional screening methods, and it is the most advanced clinical application of high-throughput sequencing technologies. However, the existing sequencing methods are limited by high costs and complex sequencing procedures. These limitations restrict the availability of NIPS for pregnant women. Many amplification methods have been developed to overcome the limitations of sequencing methods. The rapid development of non-sequencing methods has not been accompanied by reviews to summarize them. In this review, we initially describe the detection principles for sequencing-based NIPS. We summarize the rapidly evolving amplification technologies, focusing on the need to reduce costs and simplify the procedures. To ensure that the testing systems are feasible and that the testing processes are reliable, we expand our vision to the clinic. We evaluate the clinical validity of NIPS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. Finally, we summarize the application guidelines and discuss the corresponding quality control methods for NIPS. In addition to cffDNA, extracellular vesicle DNA, RNA, protein/peptide, and fetal cells can also be detected as biomarkers of NIPS. With the development of prenatal testing, NIPS has become increasingly important. Notably, NIPS is a screening test instead of a diagnostic test. The testing methods and procedures used in the NIPS process require standardization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Tian
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Feng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The high fragmentation of nuclear circulating DNA (cirDNA) relies on chromatin organization and protection or packaging within mononucleosomes, the smallest and the most stabilized structure in the bloodstream. The detection of differing size patterns, termed fragmentomics, exploits information about the nucleosomal packing of DNA. Fragmentomics not only implies size pattern characterization but also considers the positioning and occupancy of nucleosomes, which result in cirDNA fragments being protected and persisting in the circulation. Fragmentomics can determine tissue of origin and distinguish cancer-derived cirDNA. The screening power of fragmentomics has been considerably strengthened in the omics era, as shown in the ongoing development of sophisticated technologies assisted by machine learning. Fragmentomics can thus be regarded as a strategy for characterizing cancer within individuals and offers an alternative or a synergistic supplement to mutation searches, methylation, or nucleosome positioning. As such, it offers potential for improving diagnostics and cancer screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.R. Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, and ICM, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier 34298, France,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lehle S, Emons J, Hack CC, Heindl F, Hein A, Preuß C, Seitz K, Zahn AL, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Ruebner M, Huebner H. Evaluation of automated techniques for extraction of circulating cell-free DNA for implementation in standardized high-throughput workflows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:373. [PMID: 36611077 PMCID: PMC9825368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a suitable tool for detecting somatic mutations for the purpose of making decisions on treatment, monitoring treatment response, and predicting survival. High-throughput techniques for ccfDNA extraction are essential to implementing ccfDNA testing in the clinical setting. We set out to compare two automated techniques with regard to hands-on time, ccfDNA output and integrity, and circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). CcfDNA was isolated using the EZ1&2 ccfDNA field test kit (EZ2 kit, QIAGEN) and the Maxwell RSC ccfDNA plasma kit (Maxwell kit, Promega). DNA was extracted from plasma of 30 breast cancer patients enrolled in the iMODE-B (#325_19B; 12.10.2020) study. Real-time PCR, fluorescence-based detection and automated electrophoresis were used to assess ccfDNA concentrations. The ccfDNA yield was significantly higher when extracted with the EZ2 kit. The EZ2 kit enabled the isolation of a higher proportion of short fragments and a lower proportion of long fragments, resulting in lower DNA integrity. Significantly lower mtDNA quantities were detected in the Maxwell eluate than in the EZ2 eluate. Thus, decisions on which extraction method to use should proceed on the basis of the required input for downstream applications, the anticipated fragment size and minimum hands-on time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lehle
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Emons
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C. Hack
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Heindl
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Preuß
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Seitz
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna L. Zahn
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Michelson J, Rausser S, Peng A, Yu T, Sturm G, Trumpff C, Kaufman BA, Rai AJ, Picard M. MitoQuicLy: a high-throughput method for quantifying cell-free DNA from human plasma, serum, and saliva. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.04.522744. [PMID: 36711938 PMCID: PMC9882007 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.04.522744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) is an emerging biomarker of psychobiological stress and disease which predicts mortality and is associated with various disease states. To evaluate the contribution of cf-mtDNA to health and disease states, standardized high-throughput procedures are needed to quantify cf-mtDNA in relevant biofluids. Here, we describe MitoQuicLy: Mito chondrial DNA Qu antification in c ell-free samples by Ly sis. We demonstrate high agreement between MitoQuicLy and the commonly used column-based method, although MitoQuicLy is faster, cheaper, and requires a smaller input sample volume. Using 10 µL of input volume with MitoQuicLy, we quantify cf-mtDNA levels from three commonly used plasma tube types, two serum tube types, and saliva. We detect, as expected, significant inter-individual differences in cf-mtDNA across different biofluids. However, cf-mtDNA levels between concurrently collected plasma, serum, and saliva from the same individual differ on average by up to two orders of magnitude and are poorly correlated with one another, pointing to different cf-mtDNA biology or regulation between commonly used biofluids in clinical and research settings. Moreover, in a small sample of healthy women and men (n=34), we show that blood and saliva cf-mtDNAs correlate with clinical biomarkers differently depending on the sample used. The biological divergences revealed between biofluids, together with the lysis-based, cost-effective, and scalable MitoQuicLy protocol for biofluid cf-mtDNA quantification, provide a foundation to examine the biological origin and significance of cf-mtDNA to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Michelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shannon Rausser
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Amanda Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Temmie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Sturm
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine and the Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Alex J. Rai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pisareva E, Roch B, Sanchez C, Pastor B, Mirandola A, Diab-Assaf M, Mazard T, Prévostel C, Al Amir Dache Z, Thierry AR. Comparison of the structures and topologies of plasma extracted circulating nuclear and mitochondrial cell-free DNA. Front Genet 2023; 14:1104732. [PMID: 37152979 PMCID: PMC10158822 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The function, origin and structural features of circulating nuclear DNA (cir-nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (cir-mtDNA) are poorly known, even though they have been investigated in numerous clinical studies, and are involved in a number of routine clinical applications. Based on our previous report disproving the conventional plasma isolation used for cirDNA analysis, this work enables a direct topological comparison of the circulating structures associated with nuclear DNA and mitochondrial cell-free DNA. Materials and methods: We used a Q-PCR and low-pass whole genome sequencing (LP-WGS) combination approach of cir-nDNA and cir-mtDNA, extracted using a procedure that eliminates platelet activation during the plasma isolation process to prevent mitochondria release in the extracellular milieu. Various physical procedures, such as filtration and differential centrifugation, were employed to infer their circulating structures. Results: DSP-S cir-mtDNA mean size profiles distributed on a slightly shorter range than SSP-S. SSP-S detected 40-fold more low-sized cir-mtDNA fragments (<90 bp/nt) and three-fold less long-sized fragments (>200 bp/nt) than DSP-S. The ratio of the fragment number below 90 bp over the fragment number above 200 bp was very homogenous among both DSP-S and SSP-S profiles, being 134-fold lower with DSP-S than with SSP-S. Cir-mtDNA and cir-nDNA DSP-S and SSP-S mean size profiles of healthy individuals ranged in different intervals with periodic sub-peaks only detectable with cir-nDNA. The very low amount of cir-mtDNA fragments of short size observed suggested that most of the cir-mtDNA is poorly fragmented and appearing longer than ∼1,000 bp, the readout limit of this LP-WGS method. Data suggested that cir-nDNA is, among DNA extracted in plasma, associated with ∼8.6% of large structures (apoptotic bodies, large extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell debris…), ∼27.7% in chromatin and small EVs and ∼63.7% mainly in oligo- and mono-nucleosomes. By contrast, cir-mtDNA appeared to be preponderantly (75.7%) associated with extracellular mitochondria, either in its free form or with large EVs; to a lesser extent, it was also associated with other structures: small EVs (∼18.4%), and exosomes or protein complexes (∼5.9%). Conclusion: This is the first study to directly compare the structural features of cir-nDNA and cir-mtDNA. The significant differences revealed between both are due to the DNA topological structure contained in the nucleus (chromatin) and in the mitochondria (plasmid) that determine their biological stability in blood. Although cir-nDNA and cir-mtDNA are principally associated with mono-nucleosomes and cell-free mitochondria, our study highlights the diversity of the circulating structures associated with cell-free DNA. They consequently have different pharmacokinetics as well as physiological functions. Thus, any accurate evaluation of their biological or diagnostic individual properties must relies on appropriate pre-analytics, and optimally on the isolation or enrichment of one category of their cirDNA associated structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pisareva
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Roch
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Arnaud De Villeneuve Hospital, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cynthia Sanchez
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Brice Pastor
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexia Mirandola
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University Fanar, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Thibault Mazard
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Prévostel
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Zahra Al Amir Dache
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Alain R. Thierry
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- ICM, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Alain R. Thierry,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Telekes A, Horváth A. The Role of Cell-Free DNA in Cancer Treatment Decision Making. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6115. [PMID: 36551600 PMCID: PMC9776613 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate the present status of the use of cell-free DNA and its fraction of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) because this year July 2022, an ESMO guideline was published regarding the application of ctDNA in patient care. This review is for clinical oncologists to explain the concept, the terms used, the pros and cons of ctDNA; thus, the technical aspects of the different platforms are not reviewed in detail, but we try to help in navigating the current knowledge in liquid biopsy. Since the validated and adequately sensitive ctDNA assays have utility in identifying actionable mutations to direct targeted therapy, ctDNA may be used for this soon in routine clinical practice and in other different areas as well. The cfDNA fragments can be obtained by liquid biopsy and can be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and selecting among treatment options in cancer patients. A great proportion of cfDNA comes from normal cells of the body or from food uptake. Only a small part (<1%) of it is related to tumors, originating from primary tumors, metastatic sites, or circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Soon the data obtained from ctDNA may routinely be used for finding minimal residual disease, detecting relapse, and determining the sites of metastases. It might also be used for deciding appropriate therapy, and/or emerging resistance to the therapy and the data analysis of ctDNA may be combined with imaging or other markers. However, to achieve this goal, further clinical validations are inevitable. As a result, clinicians should be aware of the limitations of the assays. Of course, several open questions are still under research and because of it cfDNA and ctDNA testing are not part of routine care yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Telekes
- Omnimed-Etosz, Ltd., 81 Széher Rd., 1021 Budapest, Hungary
- Semmelweis University, 26. Üllői Rd., 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Horváth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, 46. Szentkirályi Rd., 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Raos D, Oršolić D, Mašić S, Tomić M, Krasić J, Tomašković I, Gabaj NN, Gelo N, Kaštelan Ž, Kuliš T, Bojanac AK, Barešić A, Ulamec M, Ježek D, Sincic N. cfDNA methylation in liquid biopsies as potential testicular seminoma biomarker. Epigenomics 2022; 14:1493-1507. [PMID: 36722130 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Seminoma is a testicular tumor type, routinely diagnosed after orchidectomy. As cfDNA represents a source of minimally invasive seminoma patient management, this study aimed to investigate whether cfDNA methylation of six genes from liquid biopsies, have potential as novel seminoma biomarkers. Materials & methods: cfDNA methylation from liquid biopsies was assessed by pyrosequencing and compared with healthy volunteers' samples. Results: Detailed analysis revealed specific CpGs as possible seminoma biomarkers, but receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed modest diagnostic performance. In an analysis of panels of statistically significant CpGs, two DNA methylation panels emerged as potential seminoma screening panels, one in blood CpG8/CpG9/CpG10 (KITLG) and the other in seminal plasma CpG1(MAGEC2)/CpG1(OCT3/4). Conclusion: The presented data promote the development of liquid biopsy epigenetic biomarkers in the screening of seminoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dora Raos
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Oršolić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Electronics, Laboratory for Machine Learning & Knowledge Representation, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvija Mašić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice," Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Tomić
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice," Department of Urology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jure Krasić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Tomašković
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice," Department of Urology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nora Nikolac Gabaj
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice," Department of Clinical Chemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nina Gelo
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Clinical Embryology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Kaštelan
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Urology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kuliš
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Department of Urology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Katušić Bojanac
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Barešić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Electronics, Laboratory for Machine Learning & Knowledge Representation, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Monika Ulamec
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University Clinical Hospital Centre "Sestre Milosrdnice," Ljudevit Jurak Clinical Department of Pathology & Cytology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Ježek
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nino Sincic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Scientific Group for Research on Epigenetic Biomarkers, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Scientific Centre of Excellence for Reproductive & Regenerative Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
A method for early diagnosis of lung cancer from tumor originated DNA fragments using plasma cfDNA methylome and fragmentome profiles. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101873. [PMID: 36379302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Early detection is critical for minimizing mortality from cancer. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) contains the signatures of tumor DNA, allowing us to quantify the signature and diagnose early-stage tumors. Here, we report a novel tumor fragment quantification method, TOF (Tumor Originated Fragment) for the diagnosis of lung cancer by quantifying and analyzing both the plasma cfDNA methylation patterns and fragmentomic signatures. TOF utilizes the amount of ctDNA predicted from the methylation density information of each cfDNA read mapped on 6243 lung-tumor-specific CpG markers. The 6243 tumor-specific markers were derived from lung tumor tissues by comparing them with corresponding normal tissues and healthy blood from public methylation data. TOF also utilizes two cfDNA fragmentomic signatures: 1) the short fragment ratio, and 2) the 5' end-motif profile. We used 298 plasma samples to analyze cfDNA signatures using enzymatic methyl-sequencing data from 201 lung cancer patients and 97 healthy controls. The TOF score showed 0.98 of the area under the curve in correctly classifying lung cancer from normal samples. The TOF score resolution was high enough to clearly differentiate even the early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients from the healthy controls. The same was true for small cell lung cancer patients.
Collapse
|
49
|
Noushmehr H, Herrgott G, Morosini NS, Castro AV. Noninvasive approaches to detect methylation-based markers to monitor gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:ii22-ii32. [PMID: 36380867 PMCID: PMC9650474 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current approaches used to detect glioma tissue-derived DNA methylation markers in liquid biopsy specimens with the aim to diagnose, prognosticate and potentially track treatment response and evolution of patients with gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omics Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Grayson Herrgott
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omics Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalia S Morosini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omics Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ana Valeria Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Omics Laboratory, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Husain A, Mishra S, Hadi R, Sahu A, Kumari S, Rastogi M, Khurana R, Shukla S, Siddiqui MH, Husain N. Dynamics of cell-free DNA in predicting response in adult diffuse glioma on chemoradiotherapy. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:55-63. [PMID: 36166960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult diffuse glioma (ADG) is a heterogeneous primary brain tumor with a variable prognosis and treatment response. Tissue biomarkers and molecular genetic profiling form an integral part of diagnosis and prognostication. However, obtaining tissue in inoperable locations and diagnosis of recurrence can be an issue. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may help to meet these challenges in the management of ADG. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to serially quantify cfDNA in ADG on chemoradiation and to correlate mutational profiling of the cfDNA with biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group comprised of histopathological confirmed ADG (n = 50), including grade II, III and IV glioma, and controls (n = 25). Serum cfDNA was extracted using ChargeSwitch gDNA 1 mL Serum Kit (Invitrogen, USA) and quantified using SYBR based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in 07 pre-operative and 05 post-operative cfDNA and tumor biopsy DNA on an Ion personal genome machine (IonPGM) with an in-house designed NGS panel (including TP53, ATRX, and IDH1 and IDH2). RESULTS In patients with ADG, the pre-radiotherapy cfDNA level was significantly higher (Median; 113.46 ng/mL) than normal controls (Median; 74.37 ng/mL), (p = 0.048). Non-responders had significantly higher cfDNA levels (Median; 184.4 ng/mL), than responders (Median; 68.12 ng/mL), (p = 0.023). TP53 gene mutation was most common in both pre-operative and post-operative cfDNA samples. CONCLUSION Pre-radiotherapy cfDNA levels are associated with clinical outcomes independent of other prognostic factors. Targeted NGS in pre-operative cfDNA matches the results of IHC analysis with high concordance, and it may be helpful in inoperable cases or ADG recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sridhar Mishra
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rahat Hadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Avnish Sahu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Kumari
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhup Rastogi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Rohini Khurana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Saumya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Nuzhat Husain
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|