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Lenglet A, Jaisson S, Gillery P, El Balkhi S, Liabeuf S, Massy ZA. Comparison of homocitrulline and carbamylated albumin as biomarkers of carbamylation reactions in hemodialyzed patients. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1455-1460. [PMID: 37532908 PMCID: PMC10689527 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
To describe the association between levels of homocitrulline (HCit) and the degree of albumin carbamylation in a cohort of hemodialyzed patients. Plasma total and protein-bound HCit concentrations in samples from hemodialyzed patients included in NICOREN trial were determined by LC-MS/MS at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment with either sevelamer or nicotinamide. HCit concentrations at all timepoints and in both groups were positively and significantly correlated with the degree of albumin carbamylation. Plasma concentrations of total HCit, protein-bound HCit and carbamylated albumin did not decrease after 24 weeks of treatment with either sevelamer or nicotinamide. The present results demonstrate that plasma total and protein-bound HCit concentrations were closely associated with albumin carbamylation in hemodialyzed patients. Therefore, total and protein-bound HCit concentrations might be valuable biomarkers of the overall intensity of protein carbamylation in this context. Given the less complex and time-consuming analytical methods required, these markers should be favored in future clinical studies of carbamylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Lenglet
- UM7517, MP3CV Laboratory, CURS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
- Pharmacy Division, Amiens University Medical Center, Amiens, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC Unit UMR 7369, Reims, France
- Biochemistry Department, Reims University Medical Center, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS, MEDyC Unit UMR 7369, Reims, France
- Biochemistry Department, Reims University Medical Center, Reims, France
| | | | - Sophie Liabeuf
- UM7517, MP3CV Laboratory, CURS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital and Paris Ile de France Ouest University, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92104, Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital and Paris Ile de France Ouest University, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92104, Boulogne Billancourt Cedex, France.
- INSERM U-1018, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Paris-Saclay University (PSU) and University of Paris Ouest-Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Equipe 5, Villejuif, France.
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You Y, Tsai CF, Patel R, Sarkar S, Clair G, Zhou M, Liu T, Metz TO, Das C, Nakayasu ES. Analysis of a macrophage carbamylated proteome reveals a function in post-translational modification crosstalk. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:241. [PMID: 37723562 PMCID: PMC10506243 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysine carbamylation is a biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis and kidney diseases. However, its cellular function is understudied due to the lack of tools for systematic analysis of this post-translational modification (PTM). METHODS We adapted a method to analyze carbamylated peptides by co-affinity purification with acetylated peptides based on the cross-reactivity of anti-acetyllysine antibodies. We also performed immobilized-metal affinity chromatography to enrich for phosphopeptides, which allowed us to obtain multi-PTM information from the same samples. RESULTS By testing the pipeline with RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, 7,299, 8,923 and 47,637 acetylated, carbamylated, and phosphorylated peptides were identified, respectively. Our analysis showed that carbamylation occurs on proteins from a variety of functions on sites with similar as well as distinct motifs compared to acetylation. To investigate possible PTM crosstalk, we integrated the carbamylation data with acetylation and phosphorylation data, leading to the identification 1,183 proteins that were modified by all 3 PTMs. Among these proteins, 54 had all 3 PTMs regulated by lipopolysaccharide and were enriched in immune signaling pathways, and in particular, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We found that carbamylation of linear diubiquitin blocks the activity of the anti-inflammatory deubiquitinase OTULIN. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data show that anti-acetyllysine antibodies can be used for effective enrichment of carbamylated peptides. Moreover, carbamylation may play a role in PTM crosstalk with acetylation and phosphorylation, and that it is involved in regulating ubiquitination in vitro. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngki You
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Rishi Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Soumyadeep Sarkar
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Geremy Clair
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Mowei Zhou
- Environmental and Molecular Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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You Y, Tsai CF, Patel R, Sarkar S, Clair G, Zhou M, Liu T, Metz TO, Das C, Nakayasu ES. Analysis of a macrophage carbamylated proteome reveals a function in post-translational modification crosstalk. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3044777. [PMID: 37398265 PMCID: PMC10312928 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3044777/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Background. Lysine carbamylation is a biomarker of rheumatoid arthritis and kidney diseases. However, its cellular function is understudied due to the lack of tools for systematic analysis of this post-translational modification (PTM). Methods. We adapted a method to analyze carbamylated peptides by co-affinity purification with acetylated peptides based on the cross-reactivity of anti-acetyllysine antibodies. We integrated this method into a mass spectrometry-based multi-PTM pipeline to simultaneously analyze carbamylated and acetylated peptides in addition to phosphopeptides were enriched by sequential immobilized-metal affinity chromatography. Results. By testing the pipeline with RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, 7,299, 8,923 and 47,637 acetylated, carbamylated, and phosphorylated peptides were identified, respectively. Our analysis showed that carbamylation occurs on proteins from a variety of functions on sites with similar as well as distinct motifs compared to acetylation. To investigate possible PTM crosstalk, we integrated the carbamylation data with acetylation and phosphorylation data, leading to the identification 1,183 proteins that were modified by all 3 PTMs. Among these proteins, 54 had all 3 PTMs regulated by lipopolysaccharide and were enriched in immune signaling pathways, and in particular, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. We found that carbamylation of linear diubiquitin blocks the activity of the anti-inflammatory deubiquitinase OTULIN. Conclusions Overall, our data show that anti-acetyllysine antibodies can be used for effective enrichment of carbamylated peptides. Moreover, carbamylation may play a role in PTM crosstalk with acetylation and phosphorylation, and that it is involved in regulating ubiquitination in vitro .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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4
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Avenues for post-translational protein modification prevention and therapy. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 86:101083. [PMID: 35227517 PMCID: PMC9378364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) of proteins have emerged as novel risk factors for the genesis and progression of various diseases. We now have a variety of experimental and established therapeutic strategies to target harmful nPTMs and potentially improve clinical outcomes. Protein carbamylation and glycation are two common and representative nPTMs that have gained considerable attention lately as favorable therapeutic targets with emerging clinical evidence. Protein carbamylation is associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of molecules produced in a series of glycation reactions, have been linked to various diabetic complications. Therefore, reducing the burden of protein carbamylation and AGEs is an appealing and promising therapeutic approach. This review chapter summarizes potential anti-nPTM therapy options in CKD, CVD, and diabetes along with clinical implications. Using two prime examples-protein carbamylation and AGEs-we discuss the varied preventative and therapeutic options to mitigate these pathologic nPTMs in detail. We provide in-depth case studies on carbamylation in the setting of kidney disease and AGEs in metabolic disorders, with an emphasis on the relevance to reducing adverse clinical outcomes such as CKD progression, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Overall, whether specific efforts to lower carbamylation and AGE burden will yield definitive clinical improvement in humans remains largely to be seen. However, the scientific rationale for such pursuits is demonstrated herein.
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Gorisse L, Jaisson S, Piétrement C, Gillery P. Carbamylated Proteins in Renal Disease: Aggravating Factors or Just Biomarkers? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:574. [PMID: 35008998 PMCID: PMC8745352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbamylation is a nonenzymatic post-translational modification resulting from the reaction between cyanate, a urea by-product, and proteins. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that carbamylation modifies protein structures and functions, triggering unfavourable molecular and cellular responses. An enhanced formation of carbamylation-derived products (CDPs) is observed in pathological contexts, especially during chronic kidney disease (CKD), because of increased blood urea. Significantly, studies have reported a positive correlation between serum CDPs and the evolutive state of renal failure. Further, serum concentrations of carbamylated proteins are characterized as strong predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Over time, it is likely that these modified compounds become aggravating factors and promote long-term complications, including cardiovascular disorders and inflammation or immune system dysfunctions. These poor clinical outcomes have led researchers to consider strategies to prevent or slow down CDP formation. Even if growing evidence suggests the involvement of carbamylation in the pathophysiology of CKD, the real relevance of carbamylation is still unclear: is it a causal phenomenon, a metabolic consequence or just a biological feature? In this review, we discuss how carbamylation, a consequence of renal function decline, may become a causal phenomenon of kidney disease progression and how CDPs may be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Gorisse
- MEDyC Unit CNRS UMR n° 7369, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51092 Reims, France; (L.G.); (S.J.); (C.P.)
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- MEDyC Unit CNRS UMR n° 7369, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51092 Reims, France; (L.G.); (S.J.); (C.P.)
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Reims, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Christine Piétrement
- MEDyC Unit CNRS UMR n° 7369, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51092 Reims, France; (L.G.); (S.J.); (C.P.)
- Pediatrics Department, University Hospital of Reims, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- MEDyC Unit CNRS UMR n° 7369, Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51092 Reims, France; (L.G.); (S.J.); (C.P.)
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital of Reims, 51092 Reims, France
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Neuropathy - Exponent of Accelerated Involution in Uremia: The Role of Carbamylation. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2021-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Premature loss of functional integrity of the nervous system in chronic renal failure (CRF) as a consequence of persistent biological activities of the general uremic milieu is almost identical to its structural and functional involution during the process of physiological ageing, but disproportionate and independent of chronological age. In the hyperuremic status of CRF (urea - carbamide), forced carbamylation, as a non-enzymatic post-translational modification (NEPTM) of proteins and amino acids, by changing their biological properties and decreasing proteolysis capacity, represents pathogenetic potential of intensified molecular ageing and accelerated, pathological involution. Physiological predisposition and the exposure of neuropathy before complications of other organs and organ systems in CRF, due to the simultaneous and mutually pathogenetically related uremic lesion and the tissue and vascular segment of the nervous system, direct interest towards proteomic analytical techniques of quantification of carbamylated products as biomarkers of uremic neurotoxicity. Hypothetically, identical to the already established applications of other NEPTM products in practice, they have the potential of clinical methodology in the evaluation of uremic neuropathy and its contribution to the general prediction, but also to the change of the conventional CRF classification. In addition, the identification and therapeutic control of the substrate of accelerated involution, responsible for the amplification of not only neurological but also general degenerative processes in CRF, is attractive in the context of the well-known attitude towards aging.
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Wu Z, Jankowski V, Jankowski J. Irreversible post-translational modifications - Emerging cardiovascular risk factors. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 86:101010. [PMID: 34404548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies for primary prevention of cardiovascular and heart diseases (CVD), it remains the number one cause of death globally, raising the question for novel/further essential factors besides traditional risk factors such as cholesterol, blood pressure and coagulation. With continuous identification and characterization of non-enzymatic post-translationally modified isoforms of proteins and lipoproteins, it is becoming increasingly clear that irreversible non-enzymatic post-translational modifications (nPTMs) alter the biological functions of native proteins and lipoproteins thereby transforming innate serum components into CVD mediators. In particular renal insufficiency and metabolic imbalance are major contributors to the systemically increased concentration of reactive metabolites and thus increased frequency of nPTMs, promoting multi-morbid disease development centering around cardiovascular disease. nPTMs are significantly involved in the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease and represent a significant and novel risk factor. These insights represent potentially new avenues for risk assessment, prevention and therapy. This review chapter summarizes all forms of nPTMs found in CKD and under metabolic imbalance and discusses the biochemical connections between molecular alterations and the pathological impact on increased cardiovascular risk, novel nPTM-associated non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and clinical implication of nPTM in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Wu
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany; Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Uremic Toxins and Their Relation with Oxidative Stress Induced in Patients with CKD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126196. [PMID: 34201270 PMCID: PMC8229520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of toxins is believed to be a major factor in the development of uremia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Uremic toxins have been divided into 3 groups: small substances dissolved in water, medium molecules: peptides and low molecular weight proteins, and protein-bound toxins. One of the earliest known toxins is urea, the concentration of which was considered negligible in CKD patients. However, subsequent studies have shown that it can lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and induce insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo, as well as cause carbamylation of proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Other uremic toxins and their participation in the damage caused by oxidative stress to biological material are also presented. Macromolecules and molecules modified as a result of carbamylation, oxidative stress, and their adducts with uremic toxins, may lead to cardiovascular diseases, and increased risk of mortality in patients with CKD.
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Badar A, Arif Z, Qais FA, Islam SN, Alam K. Carbamylation of human serum albumin generates high-molecular weight aggregates: fine characterization by multi-spectroscopic methods and electron microscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2380-2388. [PMID: 32795577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbamylation is the non-enzymatic reaction between isocyanic acid and macromolecules (mainly proteins) which results in carbamylation-derived products (CDPs) generation, wherein the macromolecules show altered structure and function. In this study, we examined the modifications caused in human serum albumin (HSA) upon interaction with potassium cyanate (KCNO). HSA was incubated with varying concentrations of KCNO for 6 h at 37 °C. The resultant product was characterized by biochemical and biophysical techniques. Among other changes, the carbamylated-HSA showed homocitrulline generation (LC-MS), increase in mass (DLS), and amyloidogenic aggregate formation (Congo red, SEM, TEM). The Gibb's free energy was calculated to be -2.91 to -3.95 kcal mol-1, suggesting that the binding was spontaneous and energetically favourable. The results indicate that in chronic kidney disease patients, elevated levels of isocyanic acid (formed from urea) may modify the albumin structure and lead to its conversion into amyloidogenic aggregates, thus accelerating kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Badar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shireen Naaz Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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De Bruyne S, Himpe J, Delanghe SE, Glorieux G, Van Biesen W, De Buyzere ML, Speeckaert MM, Delanghe JR. Carbamoylated Nail Proteins as Assessed by Near-Infrared Analysis are Associated with Load of Uremic Toxins and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020083. [PMID: 31991867 PMCID: PMC7076796 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamoylation is an important risk factor for accelerated atherogenesis and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We intended to explore whether carbamoylation as assessed by near-infrared (NIR) analysis of nail proteins is associated with (a) plasma concentrations of representative uremic toxins and (b) mortality in HD patients. A total of 53 healthy volunteers and 84 consecutive HD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional cohort study. Standard laboratory methods were used to measure routine parameters, whereas levels of uremic toxins were determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Spectra of distal fingernail clippings were obtained using an Avantes NIR spectrometer and processed using chemometric data analysis. The second derivative of the peak intensity at 1494 nm attributed to N-H amide bands from NH2 of carbamoyl (-CONH2) groups was higher in HD patients than in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Peak intensity levels were associated with age and plasma levels of representative uremic toxins. Cox-regression analysis revealed a significant association with all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for age. In conclusion, our data revealed that carbamoylation as assessed by NIR analysis of nail proteins is associated with plasma concentrations of uremic toxins and also with mortality in HD patients. Further research to explore whether it is a surrogate marker or a hard indicator of mortality risk is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Bruyne
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Jonas Himpe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Sigurd E. Delanghe
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
| | - Marc L. De Buyzere
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.E.D.); (G.G.); (W.V.B.); (M.M.S.)
- Research Foundation Flanders, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris R. Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (S.D.B.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-332-29-56
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Di Iorio BR, Marzocco S, Bellasi A, De Simone E, Dal Piaz F, Rocchetti MT, Cosola C, Di Micco L, Gesualdo L. Nutritional therapy reduces protein carbamylation through urea lowering in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:804-813. [PMID: 28992314 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein carbamylation is one of the non-enzymatic reactions involved in protein molecular ageing. We sought to investigate the relationship between urea levels and protein carbamylation, and whether a Mediterranean diet (MD) and a very low protein diet (VLPD) reduce protein carbamylation through reduction in urea levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods This is a prospective, randomized, crossover controlled trial that investigated 60 patients with CKD grades 3B-4 (46 males, mean age of 67 years). The enrolled CKD patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to two different nutritional treatment arms: (i) 3 months of free diet (FD), 6 months of VLPD, 3 months of FD and 6 months of MD; and (ii) 3 months of FD, 6 months of MD, 3 months of FD and 6 months of VLPD. Blood levels of lysine (Lys) and homocitrulline (Hcit) and their ratio were used as markers of cyanate levels. Due to a lack of pre-existing data on the potential effects of different dietary regimens and in light of the exploratory nature of the study, no formal sample size estimation was carried out. Results At study completion, lower diastolic blood pressure and decreased serum levels of urea, sodium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, but higher serum levels of bicarbonate and haemoglobin, were noted with MD and VLPD. When compared with FD, both MD and VLPD were also associated with a decrease in serum Hcit levels and Hcit/Lys ratios (P < 0.001). Notably, reductions in urea levels correlated with substantial reductions in Hcit levels (R2 = 0.16 and 0.17 for VLPD and MD, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, nutritional treatments that significantly decrease serum levels of urea are associated with reduced protein carbamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio R Di Iorio
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, 'A. Landolfi Hospital', Solofra (AV), Italy
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Antonio Bellasi
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, ASST-Lariana, Ospedale S. Anna, Como, Italy
| | - Emanuele De Simone
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, AORN 'San Giuseppe Moscati', Avellino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Cosola
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Micco
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, 'A. Landolfi Hospital', Solofra (AV), Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Mahmoudi R, Jaisson S, Badr S, Jaidi Y, Bertholon LA, Novella JL, Gillery P. Post-translational modification-derived products are associated with frailty status in elderly subjects. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 57:1153-1161. [PMID: 30817296 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Identifying frail elderly subjects is of paramount importance in order to conduct a tailored care. The characterization of frailty status is currently based on the collection of clinical data and on the use of various tools such as Fried's criteria, which constitutes a difficult and time-consuming process. Up to now, no biological markers have been described as reliable tools for frailty characterization. We tested the hypothesis that a link between frailty and protein molecular aging existed. This study aimed therefore at determining whether post-translational modification derived products (PTMDPs), recognized as biomarkers of protein aging, were associated with frailty status in elderly subjects. Methods Frailty status was determined according to Fried's criteria in 250 elderly patients (>65 years old) hospitalized in a short-term care unit. Serum concentrations of protein-bound PTMDPs, including carboxymethyllysine (CML), pentosidine, methylglyoxal-hydroimidazolone-1 and homocitrulline (HCit), were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and tissue content of advanced glycation end-products was assessed by skin autofluorescence (SAF) measurement. Associations between PTMDPs and frailty status were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results Frail patients had significantly (p<0.01) higher CML, HCit, and SAF values compared to non-frail and pre-frail subjects. By multivariate analysis, only HCit concentrations and SAF values remained associated with frailty status (p=0.016 and p=0.002, respectively), independently of age, comorbidities, renal function, C-reactive protein and albumin concentrations. Conclusions HCit and SAF are significantly associated with frailty status in elderly subjects. This study suggests that PTMDPs constitute promising biomarkers for identifying frail patients and guiding personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Mahmoudi
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims cedex, France.,University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Jaisson
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MEDyC Unit CNRS/URCA UMR n° 7369, Reims, France.,University Hospital of Reims, Department of Biochemistry-Pharmacology-Toxicology, Reims, France
| | - Sarah Badr
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims cedex, France
| | - Yacine Jaidi
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims cedex, France
| | - Laurie-Anne Bertholon
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims cedex, France
| | - Jean-Luc Novella
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Maison Blanche Hospital, Reims cedex, France.,University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Medicine, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Gillery
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MEDyC Unit CNRS/URCA UMR n° 7369, Reims, France.,University Hospital of Reims, Department of Biochemistry-Pharmacology-Toxicology, Reims, France
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13
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Abstract
Protein carbamylation is a nonenzymatic posttranslational protein modification that can be driven, in part, by exposure to urea's dissociation product, cyanate. In humans, when kidney function is impaired and urea accumulates, systemic protein carbamylation levels increase. Additional mediators of protein carbamylation have been identified including inflammation, diet, smoking, circulating free amino acid levels, and environmental exposures. Carbamylation reactions on proteins are capable of irreversibly changing protein charge, structure, and function, resulting in pathologic molecular and cellular responses. Carbamylation has been mechanistically linked to the biochemical pathways implicated in atherosclerosis, dysfunctional erythropoiesis, kidney fibrosis, autoimmunity, and other pathological domains highly relevant to patients with chronic kidney disease. In this review, we describe the biochemical impact of carbamylation on human proteins, the mechanistic role carbamylation can have on clinical outcomes in kidney disease, the clinical association studies of carbamylation in chronic kidney disease, including patients on dialysis, and the promise of therapies aimed at reducing carbamylation burden in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Long
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xavier Vela Parada
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sahir Kalim
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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14
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Carbamylation promotes amyloidogenesis and induces structural changes in Tau-core hexapeptide fibrils. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2590-2604. [PMID: 30071272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbamylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification (PTM), which involves the covalent modification of N-terminus of protein or ε-amino group of Lys. The role of carbamylation in several age-related disorders is well documented, however, the relationship between carbamylation and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease remains uncharted. METHODS In the present study, using aggregation-prone tau-core hexapeptide fragments 306VQIVYK311 (PHF6) and 275VQIINK280 (PHF6*) as models, we have elucidated the effect of carbamylation on aggregation kinetics and the changes occurring in the 3-dimensional architecture of fibrils using biophysical assays and molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS We found that carbamylation aids in amyloid formation and can convert the unstructured off-pathway aggregates into robust amyloids, which were toxic to cells. Electron microscopy images and molecular dynamics simulations of PHF6 fibrils showed that carbamylated peptides can form excess hydrogen bonds and modulate the pitch length and twist of peptides fibrils. We have also compared N-terminal carbamylation to acetylation and further extended our finding to full length tau that exhibits aggregation upon carbamylation even in the absence of any external inducer. CONCLUSION Our in vitro and in silico results together suggest that carbamylation can modulate the aggregation pathway of the amyloidegenic sequences and cause structural changes in fibril assemblies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Carbamylation acts as a switch, which triggers the aggregation in short amyloidogenic peptide fragments and modulate the structural changes in resulting amyloid fibrils.
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15
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Jaisson S, Pietrement C, Gillery P. Protein Carbamylation: Chemistry, Pathophysiological Involvement, and Biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 84:1-38. [PMID: 29478512 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbamylation refers to a nonenzymatic modification, which consists in the binding of isocyanic acid on protein functional groups. This reaction is responsible for the alteration in structural and functional properties of proteins, which participate in their molecular aging. Protein molecular aging is now considered a molecular substratum for the development of chronic and inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, or rheumatoid arthritis. As a consequence, carbamylation-derived products have been proposed as interesting biomarkers in various pathological contexts and appropriate analytical methods have been developed for their quantification in biological fluids. The purpose of this review is (i) to describe the biochemical bases of the carbamylation reaction, (ii) to explain how it contributes to protein molecular aging, (iii) to provide evidence of its involvement in aging and chronic diseases, and (iv) to list the available biomarkers of carbamylation process and the related analytical methods.
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16
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Delanghe S, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Van Biesen W, Speeckaert MM. Mechanisms and consequences of carbamoylation. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:580-593. [PMID: 28757635 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbamoylation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that binds isocyanic acid, which can be derived from the dissociation of urea or from the myeloperoxidase-mediated catabolism of thiocyanate, to the free amino groups of a multitude of proteins. Although the term 'carbamoylation' is usually replaced by the term "carbamylation" in the literature, carbamylation refers to a different chemical reaction (the reversible interaction of CO2 with α and ε-amino groups of proteins). Depending on the altered molecule (for example, collagen, erythropoietin, haemoglobin, low-density lipoprotein or high-density lipoprotein), carbamoylation can have different pathophysiological effects. Carbamoylated proteins have been linked to atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism, immune system dysfunction (such as inhibition of the classical complement pathway, inhibition of complement-dependent rituximab cytotoxicity, reduced oxidative neutrophil burst, and the formation of anti-carbamoylated protein antibodies) and renal fibrosis. In this Review, we discuss the carbamoylation process and evaluate the available biomarkers of carbamoylation (for example, homocitrulline, the percentage of carbamoylated albumin, carbamoylated haemoglobin, and carbamoylated low-density lipoprotein). We also discuss the relationship between carbamoylation and the occurrence of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and assess the effects of strategies to lower the carbamoylation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Delanghe
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reinhart Speeckaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Delanghe S, Moerman A, Pletinck A, Schepers E, Glorieux G, Van Biesen W, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert MM. Quantification of carbamylated albumin in serum based on capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2135-2140. [PMID: 28556931 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbamylation, a nonenzymatic posttranslational modification promoted during uremia, is linked to a poor prognosis. In the present study, carbamylation of serum albumin was assayed using the symmetry factor on a capillary electrophoresis instrument (Helena V8). The symmetry factor has been defined as the distance from the center line of the peak to the back slope, divided by the distance from the center line of the peak to the front slope, with all measurements made at 10% of the maximum peak height. Serum albumin, creatinine, and urea concentrations were assayed using routine methods, whereas uremic toxins were determined using HPLC. In vitro carbamylation induced a marked albumin peak asymmetry. Reference values for the albumin symmetry factor were 0.69-0.92. In kidney patients, albumin peak asymmetry corresponded to the chronic kidney disease stage (p < 0.0001). The symmetry factor correlated well with serum urea (r = -0.5595, p < 0.0001) and creatinine (r = -0.5986, p < 0.0001) concentrations. Several protein-bound uremic toxins showed a significant negative correlation with the symmetry factor. Morphology of the albumin fraction was not affected by presence of glycated albumin and protein-bound antibiotics. In conclusion, the presented method provides a simple, practical way for monitoring protein carbamylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigurd Delanghe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Alena Moerman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Pletinck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Eva Schepers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Joris R Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marijn M Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology division, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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18
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Beyond citrullination: other post-translational protein modifications in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2017; 13:331-339. [PMID: 28275265 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence of autoantibodies is one of the hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the past few decades, rheumatoid factors (autoantibodies that recognize the Fc-tail of immunoglobulins) as well as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) have been studied intensively. ACPAs recognize post-translationally modified proteins in which the amino acid arginine has been converted into a citrulline. More recently, other autoantibody systems recognizing post-translationally modified proteins have also gained attention, including autoantibodies recognizing fragmented immunoglobulin (anti-hinge antibodies), autoantibodies recognizing acetylated proteins and autoantibodies recognizing proteins that are modified by adducts formed under oxidative stress. In particular, detailed insights have been obtained on the presence and properties of autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins, commonly called anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to these emerging autoantibodies that recognize post-translationally modified proteins identified in RA, with an emphasis on anti-CarP antibodies.
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19
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Sun JT, Yang K, Mao JY, Shen WF, Lu L, Wu QH, Wang YP, Wu LP, Zhang RY. Cyanate-Impaired Angiogenesis: Association With Poor Coronary Collateral Growth in Patients With Stable Angina and Chronic Total Occlusion. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.004700. [PMID: 27986757 PMCID: PMC5210395 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cyanate has recently gained attention for its role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Nonetheless, the effect of cyanate on angiogenesis remains unclear. Methods and Results In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of cyanate impaired blood perfusion recovery in a mouse hind‐limb ischemia model. A reduction in blood perfusion recovery at day 21 was observed in the ischemic tissue of cyanate‐treated mice. Likewise, there were fewer capillaries in the ischemic hind‐limb tissue of cyanate‐exposed mice. Our in vitro study showed that cyanate, together with its carbamylated products, inhibited the migration, proliferation, and tube‐formation abilities of endothelial cells. Further research revealed that cyanate regulated angiogenesis partly by interrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathway. The serum concentrations of homocitrulline, a marker of cyanate exposure, were determined in 117 patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. Consistent with the antiangiogenic role of cyanate, homocitrulline levels were increased in patients with poor coronary collateralization (n=58) compared with those with high collateralization (n=59; 21.09±13.08 versus 15.54±9.02 ng/mL, P=0.009). In addition, elevated homocitrulline concentration was a strong predictor of poor coronary collateral growth. Conclusions Impaired angiogenesis induced by cyanate might contribute to poor coronary collateral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Teng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yan Mao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Hong Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ping Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ping Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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