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Spann MN, Bansal R, Aydin E, Pollatou A, Alleyne K, Bennett M, Sawardekar S, Delapenha K, Cheng B, Lee S, Monk C, Peterson BS. Maternal prenatal immune activation associated with brain tissue microstructure and metabolite concentrations in newborn infants. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:279-286. [PMID: 39163912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Few human studies have assessed the association of prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) with measures of brain development and psychiatric risk in newborn offspring. Our goal was to identify the effects of MIA during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy on newborn measures of brain metabolite concentrations, tissue microstructure, and motor development. This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted with nulliparous pregnant women who were aged 14 to 19 years and recruited in their 2nd trimester, as well as their children who were followed through 14 months of age. MIA was indexed by maternal interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both trimesters of pregnancy. Primary outcomes included: (1) newborn brain metabolite concentrations as ratios to creatine (N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline (Cho)/Cr) measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; (2) newborn fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity, measured using Diffusion Tensor Imaging; and (3) indices of motor development, assessed prenatally and postnatally at ages 4- and 14-months. Maternal IL-6 and CRP levels associated significantly with both metabolites in the putamen, thalamus, insula, and the internal capsule. Maternal IL-6 associated significantly with fractional anisotropy in the putamen, caudate, thalamus, insula, and precuneus, and with mean diffusivity in the inferior parietal and middle temporal gyrus. CRP associated significantly with fractional anisotropy in the thalamus, insula, and putamen. Significant associations were found in common regions across imaging modalities, though the direction of associations differed by immune marker. In addition, both maternal IL-6 and CRP (in both trimesters) prenatally associated significantly with offspring motor development at 4- and 14-months of age. The left thalamus mediated effects of IL-6 on postnatal motor development. These findings demonstrate that levels of MIA in mid- to late pregnancy in a generally healthy sample associate with tissue characteristics in newborn brain regions that primarily support motor integration and coordination, as well as behavioral regulation. Those brain effects may contribute to differences in motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa N Spann
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ezra Aydin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Angeliki Pollatou
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kiarra Alleyne
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margaret Bennett
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Kayla Delapenha
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bin Cheng
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Monk
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Le Thai VT, Ngo AT, Ta QH, Vuong TBT. Serum interleukin-6 concentration in patients with pemphigus. Dermatol Reports 2024; 16:9868. [PMID: 38957630 PMCID: PMC11216151 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2024.9868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus is a rare blistering autoimmune disease that damages the integumentary system and lowers the quality of life of patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been linked to the immunopathogenesis of pemphigus, according to recent research. Thus, the investigation purpose was to assess the function of IL-6 in the development and intensity of pemphigus disease. Between January 2022 and August 2022, a case-series study involving 26 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), four patients with pemphigus foliaceus (PF), and 20 healthy volunteers was carried out at the Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermato-Venereology. Patients with PV and PF had significantly higher serum IL-6 concentrations than healthy volunteers (p<0.001). Patients with a positive Nikolsky sign had significantly higher serum IL-6 concentrations than those with a negative sign (p<0.001). The serum IL-6 concentration and the pemphigus disease area index were found to significantly correlate (r=0.8, p<0.001). According to our findings, IL-6 might be a significant factor in pemphigus development and severity. Thus, novel treatments that specifically target IL-6 could be a good option for managing pemphigus, particularly in its more severe forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thanh Le Thai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Aesthetics, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Ngo
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Aesthetics, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quoc Hung Ta
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Aesthetics, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - The Bich Thanh Vuong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City
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Fernandes KA, Lim AI. Maternal-driven immune education in offspring. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:288-302. [PMID: 38445769 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Maternal environmental exposures, particularly during gestation and lactation, significantly influence the immunological development and long-term immunity of offspring. Mammalian immune systems develop through crucial inputs from the environment, beginning in utero and continuing after birth. These critical developmental windows are essential for proper immune system development and, once closed, may not be reopened. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which maternal exposures, particularly to pathogens, diet, and microbiota, impact offspring immunity. Mechanisms driving maternal-offspring immune crosstalk include transfer of maternal antibodies, changes in the maternal microbiome and microbiota-derived metabolites, and transfer of immune cells and cytokines via the placenta and breastfeeding. We further discuss the role of transient maternal infections, which are common during pregnancy, in providing tissue-specific immune education to offspring. We propose a "maternal-driven immune education" hypothesis, which suggests that offspring can use maternal encounters that occur during a critical developmental window to develop optimal immune fitness against infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai Ing Lim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Siriratnam P, Huda S, Butzkueven H, van der Walt A, Jokubaitis V, Monif M. Risks and outcomes of pregnancy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A comprehensive review. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103499. [PMID: 38061621 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare central nervous system autoimmune disease. Aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-IgG) is present in over 75% of cases and criteria also exist for the diagnosis of seronegative NMOSD. AQP4-IgG NMOSD has a strong female predominance (9:1 ratio), with a median onset age of 40 years. Pregnancy in those with NMOSD is therefore an important topic. Fecundity in NMOSD is likely impaired, and for females who conceive, obstetric complications including miscarriages and pre-eclampsia are significantly higher in NMOSD compared to the general population and in related conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In contrast to MS, NMOSD disease activity does not subside during pregnancy. Also, relapse risk substantially rises above pre-pregnancy rates in the early postpartum period. In view of the evolving landscape of NMOSD, we provide a contemporary update of the impacts of pregnancy in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakeeran Siriratnam
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Saif Huda
- Department of Neurology, Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helmut Butzkueven
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke van der Walt
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vilija Jokubaitis
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Spann MN, Bansal R, Aydin E, Pollatou A, Alleyne K, Bennett M, Sawardekar S, Cheng B, Lee S, Monk C, Peterson BS. Maternal prenatal immune activation associated with brain tissue microstructure and metabolite concentrations in newborn infants. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.01.23292113. [PMID: 37461481 PMCID: PMC10350159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.01.23292113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Importance Few translational human studies have assessed the association of prenatal maternal immune activation with altered brain development and psychiatric risk in newborn offspring. Objective To identify the effects of maternal immune activation during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy on newborn brain metabolite concentrations, tissue microstructure, and longitudinal motor development. Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted from 2012 - 2017. Setting Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Weill Cornell Medical College. Participants 76 nulliparous pregnant women, aged 14 to 19 years, were recruited in their 2nd trimester, and their children were followed through 14 months of age. Exposure Maternal immune activation indexed by maternal interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes included (1) newborn metabolite concentrations, measured as N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; (2) newborn fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity measured using Diffusion Tensor Imaging; and (3) indices of motor development assessed prenatally and postnatally at ages 4- and 14-months. Results Maternal interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in the 2nd or 3rd trimester were significantly positively associated with the N-acetylaspartate, creatine, and choline concentrations in the putamen, thalamus, insula, and anterior limb of the internal capsule. Maternal interleukin-6 was associated with fractional anisotropy in the putamen, insula, thalamus, precuneus, and caudate, and with mean diffusivity in the inferior parietal and middle temporal gyrus. C-reactive protein was associated with fractional anisotropy in the thalamus, insula, and putamen. Regional commonalities were found across imaging modalities, though the direction of the associations differed by immune marker. In addition, a significant positive association was observed between offspring motor development and both maternal interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (in both trimesters) prenatally and 4- and 14-months of age. Conclusions and Relevance Using a healthy sample, these findings demonstrate that levels of maternal immune activation in mid- to late pregnancy associate with tissue characteristics in newborn brain regions primarily supporting motor integration/coordination and behavioral regulation and may lead to alterations in motor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa N Spann
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ezra Aydin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Angeliki Pollatou
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kiarra Alleyne
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Margaret Bennett
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Bin Cheng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Monk
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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del Barco E, Franco‐Jarava C, Vargas M, Maíz N, Arevalo S, Sánchez MÁ, Avilés MT, Rodó C, Mendoza M, Goya M, Hernández‐González M, Carreras E. Reference values for interleukin-6 in the amniotic fluid of asymptomatic pregnant women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:480-485. [PMID: 36906815 PMCID: PMC10008271 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, proinflammatory factors are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of threatened preterm labor or chorioamnionitis. The aim of this study was to establish the normal reference range for interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the amniotic fluid and to identify factors which may alter this value. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study in a tertiary-level center including asymptomatic pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis for genetic studies from October 2016 to September 2019. IL-6 measurements in amniotic fluid were performed using a fluorescence immunoassay with microfluidic technology (ELLA Proteinsimple, Bio Techne). Maternal history and pregnancy data were also recorded. RESULTS This study included 140 pregnant women. Of those, women who underwent termination of pregnancy were excluded. Therefore, a total of 98 pregnancies were included in the final statistical analysis. The mean gestational age was 21.86 weeks (range: 15-38.7) at the time of amniocentesis, and 38.6 weeks (range: 30.9-41.4) at delivery. No cases of chorioamnionitis were reported. The log10 IL-6 values follow a normal distribution (W = 0.990, p = 0.692). The median, and the 5th, 10th, 90th, and 95th percentiles for IL-6 levels were 573, 105, 130, 1645, and 2260 pg/mL, respectively. The log10 IL-6 values were not affected by gestational age (p = 0.395), maternal age (p = 0.376), body mass index (p = 0.551), ethnicity (p = 0.467), smoking status (p = 0.933), parity (p = 0.557), method of conception (p = 0.322), or diabetes mellitus (p = 0.381). CONCLUSIONS The log10 IL-6 values follow a normal distribution. IL-6 values are independent of gestational age, maternal age, body mass index, ethnicity, smoking status, parity and method of conception. Our study provides a normal reference range for IL-6 levels in the amniotic fluid that can be used in future studies. We also observed that normal IL-6 values were higher in the amniotic fluid than in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester del Barco
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Mireia Vargas
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Nerea Maíz
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Silvia Arevalo
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Ángeles Sánchez
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Teresa Avilés
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Carlota Rodó
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Manel Mendoza
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Goya
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Elena Carreras
- Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of ObstetricsHospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Maternal and Child Health and Development Network (SAMID)Instituto Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Cytokine Levels in Chinese Pregnant Women during the Second and Third Trimesters. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010194. [PMID: 36615851 PMCID: PMC9824482 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary inflammatory potential on serum cytokine concentrations in second and third trimesters of Chinese pregnant women is not clear. A total of 175 pregnant women from the Tianjin Maternal and Child Health Education and Service Cohort (TMCHESC) were included. The dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated based on 24-h food records. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the second and third trimesters were measured. The mean DII scores (mean ± SD) were -0.07 ± 1.65 and 0.06 ± 1.65 in the second and third trimesters, respectively. In the third trimester, IL-1β (p = 0.039) and MCP-1 (p = 0.035) levels decreased and then increased with increasing DII scores. IL-10 concentrations decreased in pregnant women whose DII scores increased between the second and third trimesters (p = 0.011). Thiamin and vitamin C were negatively correlated with MCP-1 (β = -0.879, and β = -0.003) and IL-6 (β = -0.602, and β = -0.002) levels in the third trimester. In conclusion, the DII score had a U-shaped association with cytokine levels during the third trimester. Changes in DII scores between the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were correlated with cytokine levels during the third trimester.
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Vilotić A, Nacka-Aleksić M, Pirković A, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Dekanski D, Jovanović Krivokuća M. IL-6 and IL-8: An Overview of Their Roles in Healthy and Pathological Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314574. [PMID: 36498901 PMCID: PMC9738067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action, mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including protective and regenerative ones. IL-8 is a pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine with a primary function in attracting and activating neutrophils, but also implicated in a variety of other cellular processes. These two ILs are abundantly expressed at the feto-maternal interface over the course of a pregnancy and have been shown to participate in numerous pregnancy-related events. In this review, we summarize the literature data regarding their role in healthy and pathological pregnancies. The general information related to IL-6 and IL-8 functions is followed by an overview of their overall expression in cycling endometrium and at the feto-maternal interface. Further, we provide an overview of their involvement in pregnancy establishment and parturition. Finally, the implication of IL-6 and IL-8 in pregnancy-associated pathological conditions, such as pregnancy loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and infection/inflammation is discussed.
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A Nested Case-Control Study of the Relationship between Salivary Inflammatory Mediators, Periodontal Parameters, and Preterm Birth in a Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8629680. [PMID: 36033560 PMCID: PMC9410790 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8629680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. To explore whether salivary inflammatory mediators and periodontal indices at different gestational stages can be taken as indicators of preterm birth (PTB). Methods. This nested case-control study enrolled systemically healthy pregnant women at 9 to 36 weeks of gestation. Periodontal indices were measured at the enrollment date, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the saliva were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The birth outcome was recorded. Results. PTB occurred in 26 women. A total of 104 matched women with full-term birth (FTB) were used as controls. The PTB women enrolled at 24-28 gestational weeks displayed a significantly greater bleeding index (BI), probing pocket depth (PD),
sites (%), saliva-TNF-α, and saliva-PGE2 (
). BI and PGE2 in the saliva were found to be positively associated with PTB (
, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of BI and saliva-PGE2 were 0.82 and 0.78, respectively, and that of the combined detection was 0.91, which was larger than either marker alone, although the differences were not significant (
). Conclusions. The combination of BI and PGE2 in saliva at 24-28 gestational weeks could be a predictor of PTB in asymptomatic women. However, the results should be further explored with larger sample size.
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Bohn MK, Adeli K. Physiological and metabolic adaptations in pregnancy: importance of trimester-specific reference intervals to investigate maternal health and complications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:76-92. [PMID: 34587857 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1978923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis, prognostication, and monitoring of maternal health throughout pregnancy relies on laboratory testing, including but not limited to key markers of thyroid, hepatic, cardiac, hematology, and renal function. Dynamic physiological processes during gestation significantly influence the maternal biochemistry that supports both the mother and fetus. Resultant changes in blood biochemistry alter the expected values of common laboratory tests. However, the importance of pregnancy-specific reference intervals for laboratory test result interpretation and appropriate monitoring of maternal health and complications is underappreciated. Most clinical laboratories continue to use non-pregnant adult reference intervals for laboratory test interpretation in pregnancy. The current review summarizes and critically evaluates the available literature regarding physiological and metabolic adaptations in pregnancy and their influence on common biomarkers of health and disease. The main laboratory parameters discussed include thyroid, hepatic, metabolic, renal, hematology, inflammatory, and cardiac markers. Considering the available data, further studies are urgently needed to establish trimester-specific reference intervals in healthy pregnant women on updated analytical platforms. Without such data, the standard of clinical laboratory service in pregnancy remains compromised and affects the quality of maternal-fetal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Bohn
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- CALIPER Program, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Serum IL-6, IL-10, and CRP Concentration during Pregnancy. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092789. [PMID: 32933055 PMCID: PMC7551267 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mother’s diet has a direct impact on fetal development and pregnancy, and can also be important in the course of the body’s inflammatory response. An anti-inflammatory diet can be a promising way to counter an excessive inflammatory response in pregnancy. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the pregnant women’s serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in the course of normal and complicated pregnancy. Research Methods and Procedures: The study included 45 Polish pregnant women recruited to the study. The DII, a literature-based dietary index to assess the inflammatory properties of diet, was estimated based on a seven-day 24-h recall and an food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in each trimester of pregnancy. At the same time as the nutritional interviews, blood samples were collected for the determination of IL-6, IL-10, and CRP concentrations. The studied group was divided into subgroups with normal and complicated pregnancy and depending on the DII median. Results: With the development of pregnancy, the DII score slightly decreased in subsequent trimesters: −1.78 in the first trimester, −2.43 in the second trimester, and −2.71 in the third trimester (p = 0.092). Independent of the trimester of pregnancy and the occurrence of pregnancy complications, the DII score did not affect the differences in the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and CRP, with the exception of CRP level in the second trimester in women with complicated pregnancy (subgroup with DII < median had a lower CRP level than subgroup with DII > median). In the first and third trimesters, there was a weak but significant positive correlation between the DII score and CRP concentration. During the second trimester, in the group with normal pregnancy and DII below the median, a significant negative correlation between the DII score and the serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentration was noted as well as in the third trimester for IL-6. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory potential of a pregnant woman’s diet increases slightly with pregnancy development; however, its value has no permanent significant association with the level of CRP, IL-6, and IL-10.
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