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Yang J, Chen L, Yu H, Hu J, Qiu F. Effects of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in bronchiectasis and hypercapnia: a retrospective observational study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:217. [PMID: 38698379 PMCID: PMC11067275 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy in patients with bronchiectasis experiencing hypercapnia remains unclear. Our aim was to retrospectively analyze the short-term outcomes of HFNC therapy in such patients, and to further explore the predictors of HFNC treatment failure in this particular patient population. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted on patients with bronchiectasis who received HFNC (n = 70) for hypercapnia (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) between September 2019 and September 2023. RESULTS In the study population, 30% of patients presented with acidemia (arterial pH < 7.35) at baseline. Within 24 h of HFNC treatment, there was a significant reduction in PaCO2 levels by a mean of 4.0 ± 12.7 mmHg (95% CI -7.0 to -1.0 mmHg). Concurrently, arterial pH showed a statistically significant increase with a mean change of 0.03 ± 0.06 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.04). The overall hospital mortality rate in our study was 17.5%. The median length of hospital stay was 11.0 days (interquartile range [IQR] 8.0 to 16.0 days). Sub-analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in hospital mortality (19.0% vs. 20.4%, p = 0.896), length of hospital stay (median 14.0 days [IQR 9.0 to 18.0 days] vs. 10.0 days [IQR 7.0 to 16.0 days], p = 0.117) and duration of HFNC application (median 5.0 days [IQR 2.0 to 8.5 days] vs. 6.0 days [IQR 4.9 to 9.5 days], p = 0.076) between the acidemia group and the non-acidemia group (arterial pH ≥ 7.35). However, more patients in the non-acidemia group had do-not-intubate orders. The overall treatment failure rate for HFNC was 28.6%. Logistic regression analysis identified the APACHE II score (OR 1.24 per point) as the independent predictor of HFNC failure. CONCLUSIONS In patients with bronchiectasis and hypercapnia, HFNC as an initial respiratory support can effectively reduce PaCO2 level within 24 h of treatment. A high APACHE II score has emerged as a prognostic indicator for HFNC treatment failure. These observations highlight randomized controlled trials to meticulously evaluate the efficacy of HFNC in this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street NO.59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street NO.59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street NO.59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street NO.59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Liuting Street NO.59, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Zhou Z, Li Z, Liu C, Wang F, Zhang L, Fu P. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal for patients with acute respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:746-759. [PMID: 36856550 PMCID: PMC9980035 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2172606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a common clinical critical syndrome with substantial mortality. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCO2R) has been proposed for the treatment of ARF. However, whether ECCO2R could provide a survival advantage for patients with ARF is still controversial. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) were searched from inception to 30 April 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that examined the following outcomes were included: mortality, length of hospital and ICU stay, intubation and tracheotomy rate, mechanical ventilation days, ventilator-free days (VFDs), respiratory parameters, and reported adverse events. RESULTS Four RCTs and five observational studies including 1173 participants with ARF due to COPD or ARDS were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analyses of related studies showed no significant difference in overall mortality between ECCO2R and control group, neither in RCTs targeted ARDS or acute hypoxic respiratory failure patients (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.32, p = 0.70, I2 =0.0%), nor in studies targeted patients with ARF secondary to COPD (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.11, p = 0.19, I2 =0.0%). A shorter duration of ICU stay in the ECCO2R group was only obtained in observational studies (WMD -4.25, p < 0.01), and ECCO2R was associated with a longer length of hospital stay (p = 0.02). ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation rate (p < 0.01) and tracheotomy rate (p = 0.01), and shorter mechanical ventilation days (p < 0.01) in comparison to control group in ARF patients with COPD. In addition, an improvement in pH (p = 0.01), PaO2 (p = 0.01), respiratory rate (p < 0.01), and PaCO2 (p = 0.04) was also observed in patients with COPD exacerbations by ECCO2R therapy. However, the ECCO2R-related complication rate was high in six of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings from both RCTs and observational studies did not confirm a significant beneficial effect of ECCO2R therapy on mortality. A shorter length of ICU stay in the ECCO2R group was only obtained in observational studies, and ECCO2R was associated with a longer length of hospital stay. ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation rate and tracheotomy rate, and shorter mechanical ventilation days in ARF patients with COPD. And an improvement in pH, PaO2, respiratory rate and PaCO2 was observed in the ECCO2R group. However, outcomes largely relied on data from observational studies targeted patients with ARF secondary to COPD, thus further larger high-quality RCTs are desirable to strengthen the evidence on the efficacy and benefits of ECCO2R for patients with ARF.Key messagesECCO2R therapy did not confirm a significant beneficial effect on mortality.ECCO2R was associated with lower intubation and tracheotomy rate, and shorter mechanical ventilation days in patients with ARF secondary to COPD.An improvement in pH, PaO2, respiratory rate, and PaCO2 was observed in ECCO2R group in patients with COPD exacerbations.Evidence for the future application of ECCO2R therapy for patients with ARF. The protocol of this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022295174).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyan Li
- Division of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Annunziata A, Calabrese C, Simioli F, Coppola A, Pierucci P, Mariniello DF, Fiorentino G. Psychological Factors Influencing Adherence to NIV in Neuromuscular Patients Dependent on Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: Preliminary Results. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5866. [PMID: 37762807 PMCID: PMC10531532 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is associated with improvement of both morbility and mortality in patients affected by neuromuscular diseases with chronic respiratory failure. Several studies have also shown that long-term NIV positively impacts the patient's quality of life and perception of disease status. Its effectiveness is likely related to the adherence to NIV. Several factors, patient- and not patient-related, may compromise adherence to NIV, such as physical, behavioral, familiar, and social issues. Few data are currently available on the role of psychological factors in influencing NIV adherence. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this pilot study, we evaluated the adherence to NIV in a group of 15 adult patients with neuromuscular diseases (Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) in relation to their grade of depression assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Other data were collected, such as clinical features (age and sex), use of anxiolytic drugs, the presence of a family or professional caregiver, the quality of patient-physician relationship, the beginning of psychological support after BDI screening, and the family acceptance of NIV. NIV adherence was definied as the use of NIV for at least 4 h per night on 70% of nights in a month. RESULTS The overall rate of NIV adherence was 60%. Based on the BDI questionnaire, patients who were non-adherent to NIV had a higher rate of depression, mainly observed in the oldest patients. The acceptance of NIV by the family and positive physician-patient interaction seem to favor NIV adherence. CONCLUSION Depression can interfere with NIV adherence in patients with neuromuscolar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Annunziata
- Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Critic Area Department, Monaldi—Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Francesca Simioli
- Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Critic Area Department, Monaldi—Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Critic Area Department, Monaldi—Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Paola Pierucci
- Cardiothoracic Department, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, Bari Policlinic University Hospital, 70121 Bari, Italy;
- Section of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Science Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Francesca Mariniello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.C.); (D.F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiorentino
- Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Critic Area Department, Monaldi—Cotugno Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (F.S.); (G.F.)
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4
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Pierucci P, Portacci A, Carpagnano GE, Banfi P, Crimi C, Misseri G, Gregoretti C. The right interface for the right patient in noninvasive ventilation: a systematic review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:931-944. [PMID: 36093799 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2121706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research in the field of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has contributed to the development of new NIV interfaces. However, interface tolerance plays a crucial role in determining the beneficial effects of NIV therapy. AREAS COVERED This systematic review explores the most significant scientific research on NIV interfaces, with a focus on the potential impact that their design might have on treatment adherence and clinical outcomes. The rationale on the choice of the right interface among the wide variety of devices that are currently available is discussed here. EXPERT OPINION The paradigm "The right mask for the right patient" seems to be difficult to achieve in real life. Ranging from acute to chronic settings, the gold standard should include the tailoring of NIV interfaces to patients' needs and preferences. However, such customization may be hampered by issues of economic nature. High production costs and the increasing demand represent consistent burdens and have to be considered when dealing with patient-tailored NIV interfaces. New research focusing on developing advanced and tailored NIV masks should be prioritized; indeed, interfaces should be designed according to the specific patient and clinical setting where they need to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pierucci
- A. Cardiothoracic Department, Respiratory and Critical care Unit Bari Policlinic University Hospital, B. Section of Respiratory Diseases, Dept. of Basic Medical Science Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
| | - Andrea Portacci
- A. Cardiothoracic Department, Respiratory and Critical care Unit Bari Policlinic University Hospital, B. Section of Respiratory Diseases, Dept. of Basic Medical Science Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- A. Cardiothoracic Department, Respiratory and Critical care Unit Bari Policlinic University Hospital, B. Section of Respiratory Diseases, Dept. of Basic Medical Science Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro'
| | - Paolo Banfi
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano,Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele San Marco" University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Italy and Fondazione Istituto "G.Giglio" Cefalù', Palermo, Italy
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5
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Tonelli R, Cortegiani A, Marchioni A, Fantini R, Tabbì L, Castaniere I, Biagioni E, Busani S, Nani C, Cerbone C, Vermi M, Gozzi F, Bruzzi G, Manicardi L, Pellegrino MR, Beghè B, Girardis M, Pelosi P, Gregoretti C, Ball L, Clini E. Nasal pressure swings as the measure of inspiratory effort in spontaneously breathing patients with de novo acute respiratory failure. Crit Care 2022; 26:70. [PMID: 35331323 PMCID: PMC8943795 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive inspiratory effort could translate into self-inflicted lung injury, thus worsening clinical outcomes of spontaneously breathing patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Although esophageal manometry is a reliable method to estimate the magnitude of inspiratory effort, procedural issues significantly limit its use in daily clinical practice. The aim of this study is to describe the correlation between esophageal pressure swings (ΔPes) and nasal (ΔPnos) as a potential measure of inspiratory effort in spontaneously breathing patients with de novo ARF. Methods From January 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, 61 consecutive patients with ARF (83.6% related to COVID-19) admitted to the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of the University Hospital of Modena (Italy) and candidate to escalation of non-invasive respiratory support (NRS) were enrolled. Clinical features and tidal changes in esophageal and nasal pressure were recorded on admission and 24 h after starting NRS. Correlation between ΔPes and ΔPnos served as primary outcome. The effect of ΔPnos measurements on respiratory rate and ΔPes was also assessed. Results ΔPes and ΔPnos were strongly correlated at admission (R2 = 0.88, p < 0.001) and 24 h apart (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.001). The nasal plug insertion and the mouth closure required for ΔPnos measurement did not result in significant change of respiratory rate and ΔPes. The correlation between measures at 24 h remained significant even after splitting the study population according to the type of NRS (high-flow nasal cannulas [R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001] or non-invasive ventilation [R2 = 0.95, p < 0.001]). Conclusions In a cohort of patients with ARF, nasal pressure swings did not alter respiratory mechanics in the short term and were highly correlated with esophageal pressure swings during spontaneous tidal breathing. ΔPnos might warrant further investigation as a measure of inspiratory effort in patients with ARF. Trial registration: NCT03826797. Registered October 2016. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-03938-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (DiChirOnS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuela Biagioni
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Busani
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Nani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cerbone
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Morgana Vermi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Gozzi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruzzi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Linda Manicardi
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Pellegrino
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Bianca Beghè
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Anesthesia and Critical Care, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (DiChirOnS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Fondazione G. Giglio, Cefalù, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ball
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Anesthesia and Critical Care, IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Golmohamad A, Johnston R, Hay K, Tay G. Safety and efficacy of high flow nasal cannula therapy in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure - a retrospective audit. Intern Med J 2021; 52:259-264. [PMID: 34092008 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the role of high flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) in the management of respiratory failure continues to expand, few studies describe its use in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. AIMS In this retrospective study we assessed the safety and efficacy of HFNC for treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. METHODS Admissions with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure to a thoracic medicine unit at a tertiary centre between January and August 2018 were included if treated with either HFNC or non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The primary outcome was post-treatment change in arterial pCO2 . Demographics, comorbidities, length of stay, readmission rate and mortality were also collected. RESULTS 64 patients were identified, comprising 69 presentations grouped according to initial treatment: HFNC (n=24) or NIV (n=45). Patients in the NIV group had more severe blood gas derangement. In both groups, mean arterial pCO2 improved significantly (-10 (95% CI: -14 to -6) mmHg) from baseline with no evidence of a differential effect between groups. Six (25%) patients were transitioned from HFNC to NIV, of whom 3 had comorbid obesity and 2 had sleep disordered breathing. No significant differences in hospital length of stay, 30-day readmission rate or 90-day mortality were observed. CONCLUSIONS HFNC may be a reasonable initial treatment for patients with mild acute hypercapnic respiratory failure who do not have comorbid obesity or sleep disordered breathing. Prospective study may help identify clinical factors or phenotypes predictive of success with this treatment modality. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Golmohamad
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Johnston
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karen Hay
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - George Tay
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Cortegiani A, Longhini F, Madotto F, Groff P, Scala R, Crimi C, Carlucci A, Bruni A, Garofalo E, Raineri SM, Tonelli R, Comellini V, Lupia E, Vetrugno L, Clini E, Giarratano A, Nava S, Navalesi P, Gregoretti C. High flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation as initial ventilatory strategy in COPD exacerbation: a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2020; 24:692. [PMID: 33317579 PMCID: PMC7734463 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background The efficacy and safety of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term effect of HFNT versus NIV in patients with mild-to-moderate AECOPD, with the hypothesis that HFNT is non-inferior to NIV on CO2 clearance after 2 h of treatment. Methods We performed a multicenter, non-inferiority randomized trial comparing HFNT and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in nine centers in Italy. Patients were eligible if presented with mild-to-moderate AECOPD (arterial pH 7.25–7.35, PaCO2 ≥ 55 mmHg before ventilator support). Primary endpoint was the mean difference of PaCO2 from baseline to 2 h (non-inferiority margin 10 mmHg) in the per-protocol analysis. Main secondary endpoints were non-inferiority of HFNT to NIV in reducing PaCO2 at 6 h in the per-protocol and intention-to-treat analysis and rate of treatment changes. Results Seventy-nine patients were analyzed (80 patients randomized). Mean differences for PaCO2 reduction from baseline to 2 h were − 6.8 mmHg (± 8.7) in the HFNT and − 9.5 mmHg (± 8.5) in the NIV group (p = 0.404). By 6 h, 32% of patients (13 out of 40) in the HFNT group switched to NIV and one to invasive ventilation. HFNT was statistically non-inferior to NIV since the 95% confidence interval (CI) upper boundary of absolute difference in mean PaCO2 reduction did not reach the non-inferiority margin of 10 mmHg (absolute difference 2.7 mmHg; 1-sided 95% CI 6.1; p = 0.0003). Both treatments had a significant effect on PaCO2 reductions over time, and trends were similar between groups. Similar results were found in both per-protocol at 6 h and intention-to-treat analysis. Conclusions HFNT was statistically non-inferior to NIV as initial ventilatory support in decreasing PaCO2 after 2 h of treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate AECOPD, considering a non-inferiority margin of 10 mmHg. However, 32% of patients receiving HFNT required NIV by 6 h. Further trials with superiority design should evaluate efficacy toward stronger patient-related outcomes and safety of HFNT in AECOPD. Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered on December 12, 2017, in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03370666).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. .,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Federico Longhini
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fabiana Madotto
- Value-Based Healthcare Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Groff
- Emergency Department, "S. Maria Della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scala
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medicina E Chirurgia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Università Insubria Varese, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Santi Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Comellini
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Lupia
- Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Vetrugno
- Department of Medicine, Clinic of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena Policlinico, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Fondazione 'Giglio', Cefalù, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Scala R, Accurso G, Ippolito M, Cortegiani A, Iozzo P, Vitale F, Guidelli L, Gregoretti C. Material and Technology: Back to the Future for the Choice of Interface for Non-Invasive Ventilation - A Concise Review. Respiration 2020; 99:800-817. [PMID: 33207357 DOI: 10.1159/000509762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has dramatically changed the treatment of both acute and chronic respiratory failure in the last 2 decades. The success of NIV is correlated to the application of the "best ingredients" of a patient's "tailored recipe," including the appropriate choice of the selected candidate, the ventilator setting, the interface, the expertise of the team, and the education of the caregiver. The choice of the interface is crucial for the success of NIV. Type (oral, nasal, nasal pillows, oronasal, hybrid mask, helmet), size, design, material and headgears may affect the patient's comfort with respect to many aspects, such as air leaks, claustrophobia, skin erythema, eye irritation, skin breakdown, and facial deformity in children. Companies are paying great attention to mask development, in terms of shape, materials, comfort, and leak reduction. Although the continuous development of new products has increased the availability of interfaces and the chance to meet different requirements, in patients necessitating several daily hours of NIV, both in acute and in chronic home setting, the rotational use of different interfaces may remain an excellent strategy to decrease the risk of skin breakdown and to improve patient's tolerance. The aim of the present review was to give the readers a background on mask technology and materials in order to enhance their "knowledge" in making the right choice for the interface to apply during NIV in the different clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scala
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy,
| | - Giuseppe Accurso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Ippolito
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iozzo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Vitale
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Guidelli
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,, Cefalù, Italy
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9
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Racca F, Vianello A, Mongini T, Ruggeri P, Versaci A, Vita GL, Vita G. Practical approach to respiratory emergencies in neurological diseases. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:497-508. [PMID: 31792719 PMCID: PMC7224095 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurological diseases may cause acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to involvement of bulbar respiratory center, spinal cord, motoneurons, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, or skeletal muscles. In this context, respiratory emergencies are often a challenge at home, in a neurology ward, or even in an intensive care unit, influencing morbidity and mortality. More commonly, patients develop primarily ventilatory impairment causing hypercapnia. Moreover, inadequate bulbar and expiratory muscle function may cause retained secretions, frequently complicated by pneumonia, atelectasis, and, ultimately, hypoxemic ARF. On the basis of the clinical onset, two main categories of ARF can be identified: (i) acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure, which is common in slowly progressive neurological diseases, such as movement disorders and most neuromuscular diseases, and (ii) sudden-onset respiratory failure which may develop in rapidly progressive neurological disorders including stroke, convulsive status epilepticus, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, phrenic neuropathy, myasthenia gravis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. A tailored assistance may include manual and mechanical cough assistance, noninvasive ventilation, endotracheal intubation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or tracheotomy. This review provides practical recommendations for prevention, recognition, management, and treatment of respiratory emergencies in neurological diseases, mostly in teenagers and adults, according to type and severity of baseline disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Racca
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Sant'Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Vianello
- Respiratory Pathophysiology Division, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Unit of Pneumology, Department BIOMORF, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Versaci
- Intensive Care Unit, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Nemo Sud Clinical Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Messina, Italy.
- Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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10
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Cortegiani A, Ippolito M, Luján M, Gregoretti C. Tidal volume and helmet: Is the never ending story coming to an end? Pulmonology 2020; 27:107-109. [PMID: 32127308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Ippolito
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M Luján
- Department of Pneumology Hospital de Sabadell, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parc Taulí, 1, 08208 Sabadell, Spain.
| | - C Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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11
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Crimi C, Noto A, Cortegiani A, Campisi R, Heffler E, Gregoretti C, Crimi N. High Flow Nasal Therapy Use in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD and Bronchiectasis: A Feasibility Study. COPD 2020; 17:184-190. [PMID: 32088995 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2020.1728736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy and feasibility of high flow nasal therapy (HFNT) use in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and bronchiectasis is unknown. We performed a single-center, single-arm prospective observational study in patients with AECOPD, documented bronchiectasis, pH ≥ 7.35, respiratory rate (RR) ≥ 26 breaths/minute despite receiving maximal medical treatment and oxygen via face mask up to 10 L/m. Patients received HFNT (Airvo 2, Fisher & Paykel) at a gas flow of 50 L/min and FIO2 adjusted to maintain SpO2 ≥92%. Dyspnea, rated by Borg scale, RR, arterial blood gases and mucus production (ranging from 1 to 3) were collected before and 1 h after starting HFNT and then every 24 h for 3 days. Tolerance was measured using a visual analogic scale (VAS). Fifteen patients were enrolled. After 24 h, patients showed a significant improvement in dyspnea score [Borg scale from 6.7 ± 1.4 to 4.1 ± 1.3 (p<.001)]; RR decreased from 29.6 ± 2.7 breaths/min to 23.2 ± 2.9 breaths/min (p<.001); pCO2 significantly decreased after 24 h [58.4 ± 13 vs. 51.7 ± 8.2 (p=.003)] while quantity of mucus production increased [(1.1 ± 0,6 vs. 2.4 ± 0.7, p<.001)]. No patient received invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Overall VAS score for HFNT tolerance was 6.5. HFNT was effective in improving dyspnea score, decreasing RR, improving gas exchange, and increasing mucus production in patients with AECOPD and coexisting bronchiectasis. Moreover, no safety concerns on its use were detected. Nevertheless, due to the single-arm design, the effect of HFNT could not be isolated from standard pharmacological treatment due to the study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Noto
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, AOU G. Martino, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Campisi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.,Personalized Medicine, Allergy and Asthma - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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12
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Cortegiani A, Navalesi P, Accurso G, Sabella I, Misseri G, Ippolito M, Bruni A, Garofalo E, Palmeri C, Gregoretti C. Tidal Volume Estimation during Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation: an Experimental Feasibility Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17324. [PMID: 31754262 PMCID: PMC6872634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a bench (BS) and human (HS) study to test the hypothesis that estimation of tidal volume (VT) during noninvasive helmet pressure support ventilation (nHPSV) would be possible using a turbine driven ventilator (TDV) coupled with an intentional leak single-limb vented circuit. During the BS a mannequin was connected to a lung simulator (LS) and at different conditions of respiratory mechanics, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and leaks (30, 50 and 80 L/min). All differences were within the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) in all conditions in the Bland-Altman plot. The overall bias (difference between VT measured by TDV and LS) was 35 ml (95% LoA 10 to 57 ml), 15 ml (95% LoA −40 to 70 ml), 141 ml (95% LoA 109 to 173 ml) in the normal, restrictive and obstructive conditions. The bias at different leaks flow in normal condition was 29 ml (95% LoA 19 to 38 ml). In the HS four healthy volunteers using nHPSV had a pneumotachograph (P) inserted through a mouthpiece to measure subject’s VT.The bias showed a scarce clinical relevance. In conclusions, VT estimation seems to be feasible and accurate in all conditions but the obstructive one. Additional leaks seem not to affect VT reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Accurso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ignazio Sabella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Misseri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Ippolito
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cesira Palmeri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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13
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Cortegiani A, Longhini F, Carlucci A, Scala R, Groff P, Bruni A, Garofalo E, Taliani MR, Maccari U, Vetrugno L, Lupia E, Misseri G, Comellini V, Giarratano A, Nava S, Navalesi P, Gregoretti C. High-flow nasal therapy versus noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients with mild-to-moderate hypercapnic acute respiratory failure: study protocol for a noninferiority randomized clinical trial. Trials 2019; 20:450. [PMID: 31331372 PMCID: PMC6647141 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is indicated to treat respiratory acidosis due to exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent nonrandomized studies also demonstrated some physiological effects of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in COPD patients. We designed a prospective, unblinded, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to assess the noninferiority of HFNT compared to NIV with respect to the reduction of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in patients with hypercapnic acute respiratory failure with mild-to-moderate respiratory acidosis. Methods We will enroll adult patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure, as defined by arterial pH between 7.25 and 7.35 and PaCO2 ≥ 55 mmHg. Patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive NIV or HFNT. NIV will be applied through a mask with a dedicated ventilator in pressure support mode. Positive end-expiratory pressure will be set at 3–5 cmH2O with inspiratory support to obtain a tidal volume between 6 and 8 ml/kg of ideal body weight. HFNT will be initially set at a temperature of 37 °C and a flow of 60 L/min. At 2 and 6 h we will assess arterial blood gases, vital parameters, respiratory rate, treatment intolerance and failure, need for endotracheal intubation, time spent under mechanical ventilation (both invasive and NIV), intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and hospital mortality. Based on an α error of 5% and a β error of 80%, with a standard deviation for PaCO2 equal to 15 mmHg and a noninferiority limit of 10 mmHg, we computed a sample size of 56 patients. Considering potential drop-outs and nonparametric analysis, the final computed sample size was 80 patients (40 per group). Discussion HFNT is more comfortable than NIV in COPD patients recovering from an episode of exacerbation. If HFNT would not be inferior to NIV, HFNT could be considered as an alternative to NIV to treat COPD patients with mild-to-moderate respiratory acidosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03370666. Registered on December 12, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3514-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Federico Longhini
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scala
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Paolo Groff
- Emergency Department, "S. Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Taliani
- Emergency Department, "S. Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Uberto Maccari
- Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Luigi Vetrugno
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Enrico Lupia
- Emergency Department, "Città della Salute e della Scienza" University Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Misseri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoria Comellini
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Nava
- Department of Clinical, Integrated and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Navalesi
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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Physiopathological rationale of using high-flow nasal therapy in the acute and chronic setting: A narrative review. TRENDS IN ANAESTHESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tacc.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Nasal high-flow preoxygenation for endotracheal intubation in the critically ill patient? Pro. Intensive Care Med 2019; 45:529-531. [PMID: 30888442 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Crimi C, Pierucci P, Carlucci A, Cortegiani A, Gregoretti C. Long-Term Ventilation in Neuromuscular Patients: Review of Concerns, Beliefs, and Ethical Dilemmas. Respiration 2019; 97:185-196. [PMID: 30677752 DOI: 10.1159/000495941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is an effective treatment in patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMD) to improve symptoms, quality of life, and survival. SUMMARY NIV should be used early in the course of respiratory muscle involvement in NMD patients and its requirements may increase over time. Therefore, training on technical equipment at home and advice on problem solving are warranted. Remote monitoring of ventilator parameters using built-in ventilator software is recommended. Telemedicine may be helpful in reducing hospital admissions. Anticipatory planning and palliative care should be carried out to lessen the burden of care, to maintain or withdraw from NIV, and to guarantee the most respectful management in the last days of NMD patients' life. Key Message: Long-term NIV is effective but challenging in NMD patients. Efforts should be made by health care providers in arranging a planned transition to home and end-of-life discussions for ventilator-assisted individuals and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Crimi
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Pierucci
- Cardiothoracic Department, Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Unit, Policlinico University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Carlucci
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy,
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Lee BR, Shin SH, Kim MJ, Kim E, Choi YJ, Park JD, Suh DI. Clinical characteristics of pediatric pneumothorax during a noninvasive positive pressure ventilation. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2019.7.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Hyun Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - June Dong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Cortegiani A, Accurso G, Mercadante S, Giarratano A, Gregoretti C. High flow nasal therapy in perioperative medicine: from operating room to general ward. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:166. [PMID: 30414608 PMCID: PMC6230300 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High flow nasal therapy (HFNT) is a technique in which humidified and heated gas is delivered to the airways through the nose via small nasal prongs at flows that are higher than the rates generally applied during conventional oxygen therapy. The delivered high flow rates combine mixtures of air and oxygen and enable different inspired oxygen fractions ranging from 0.21 to 1. HFNT is increasingly used in critically ill adult patients, especially hypoxemic patients in different clinical settings. MAIN BODY Noninvasive ventilation delivers positive pressure (end-expiratory and inspiratory pressures or continuous positive airway pressure) via different external interfaces. In contrast, HFNT produces different physiological effects that are only partially linked to the generation of expiratory positive airway pressure. HFNT and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are interesting non-invasive supports in perioperative medicine. HFNT exhibits some advantages compared to NIV because HFNT is easier to apply and requires a lower nursing workload. Tolerance of HFNT remains a matter of intense debate, and it may be related to selected parameters. Patients receiving HFNT and their respiratory patterns should be closely monitored to avoid delays in intubation despite correct oxygenation parameters. CONCLUSION HFNT seems to be an interesting noninvasive support in perioperative medicine. The present review provides anesthesiologists with an overview of current evidence and practical advice on the application of HFNT in perioperative medicine in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Accurso
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Mercadante
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Pain Relief and Palliative Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Science (Di.Chir.On.S.). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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19
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Mercadante S, Gregoretti C, Cortegiani A. Palliative care in intensive care units: why, where, what, who, when, how. BMC Anesthesiol 2018; 18:106. [PMID: 30111299 PMCID: PMC6094470 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-018-0574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care is patient and family-centered care that optimizes quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating suffering when “curative” therapies are futile. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), critically ill patients receive life-sustaining therapies with the goal of restoring or maintaining organ function. Palliative Care in the ICU is a widely discussed topic and it is increasingly applied in clinics. It encompasses symptoms control and end-of-life management, communication with relatives and setting goals of care ensuring dignity in death and decision-making power. However, effective application of Palliative Care in ICU presupposes specific knowledge and training which anesthesiologists and critical care physicians may lack. Moreover, logistic issues such protocols for patients’ selection, application models and triggers for consultation of external experts are still matter of debate. The aim of this review is to provide the anesthesiologists and intensivists an overview of the aims, current evidence and practical advices about the application of palliative care in ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Mercadante
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit and Pain Relief and Supportive-Palliative Care Unit, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Via san Lorenzo 312, 90145, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anestesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anestesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
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20
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Carvalho NC, Portes LL, Beda A, Tallarico LMS, Aguirre LA. Recurrence plots for the assessment of patient-ventilator interactions quality during invasive mechanical ventilation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:085707. [PMID: 30180626 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate patient-ventilator interactions' (PVI) quality is associated with adverse clinical consequences, such as patient anxiety/fear and increased need of sedative and paralytic agents. Thus, technological devices/tools to support the recognition and monitoring of different PVI quality are of great interest. In the present study, we investigate two tools based on a recent landmark study which applied recurrence plots (RPs) and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) techniques in non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Our interest is in how this approach could be a daily part of critical care professionals' routine (which are not familiar with dynamical systems theory methods and concepts). Two representative time series of three typical PVI "scenarios" were selected from 6 critically ill patients subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation. First, both the (i) main signatures in RPs and the (ii) respective signals that provide the most (visually) discriminant RPs were identified. This allows one to propose a visual identification protocol for PVIs' quality through the RPs' overall aspect. Support for the effectiveness of this visual based assessment tool is given by a RQA-based assessment tool. A statistical analysis shows that both the recurrence rate and the Shannon entropy are able to identify the selected PVI scenarios. It is then expected that the development of an objective method can reliably identify PVI quality, where the results corroborate the potential of RPs/RQA in the field of respiratory pattern analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja C Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Portes
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering (PPGEE), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Beda
- Departamento de Engenharia Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucinara M S Tallarico
- Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, Rua das Gabirobas 1, 31744-012 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis A Aguirre
- Departamento de Engenharia Eletrônica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Abstract
Neurologists are often called to evaluate patients with both defined and undiagnosed neuromuscular disorders when respiratory failure develops to determine if there is a neuromuscular cause. Being able to confidently diagnose neuromuscular respiratory failure and intervene appropriately is imperative, as early intervention and determination of the cause have survival implications. Outcomes are poor when the cause of neuromuscular weakness and resultant respiratory failure cannot be identified. This review discusses the clinical recognition of primary neuromuscular respiratory failure, its pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management, focusing on management of respiratory failure in the setting of Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hocker
- Department of Neurology, Division of Critical Care Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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22
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Cortegiani A, Madotto F, Gregoretti C, Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Van Haren F, Giarratano A, Antonelli M, Pesenti A, Grasselli G. Immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE database. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2018; 22:157. [PMID: 29895331 PMCID: PMC5998562 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to describe data on epidemiology, ventilatory management, and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in immunocompromised patients. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis on the cohort of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE) study. The LUNG SAFE study was an international, prospective study including hypoxemic patients in 459 ICUs from 50 countries across 5 continents. Results Of 2813 patients with ARDS, 584 (20.8%) were immunocompromised, 38.9% of whom had an unspecified cause. Pneumonia, nonpulmonary sepsis, and noncardiogenic shock were their most common risk factors for ARDS. Hospital mortality was higher in immunocompromised than in immunocompetent patients (52.4% vs 36.2%; p < 0.0001), despite similar severity of ARDS. Decisions regarding limiting life-sustaining measures were significantly more frequent in immunocompromised patients (27.1% vs 18.6%; p < 0.0001). Use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) as first-line treatment was higher in immunocompromised patients (20.9% vs 15.9%; p = 0.0048), and immunodeficiency remained independently associated with the use of NIV after adjustment for confounders. Forty-eight percent of the patients treated with NIV were intubated, and their mortality was not different from that of the patients invasively ventilated ab initio. Conclusions Immunosuppression is frequent in patients with ARDS, and infections are the main risk factors for ARDS in these immunocompromised patients. Their management differs from that of immunocompetent patients, particularly the greater use of NIV as first-line ventilation strategy. Compared with immunocompetent subjects, they have higher mortality regardless of ARDS severity as well as a higher frequency of limitation of life-sustaining measures. Nonetheless, nearly half of these patients survive to hospital discharge. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073. Registered on 12 December 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13054-018-2079-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Madotto
- Research Center on Public Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - John G Laffey
- Anesthesia, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Interdepartemental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tai Pham
- Interdepartemental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Frank Van Haren
- College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Intensive Care Unit, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Antonelli
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Pesenti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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23
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Ergan B, Nasiłowski J, Winck JC. How should we monitor patients with acute respiratory failure treated with noninvasive ventilation? Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/170101. [PMID: 29653949 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0101-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is currently one of the most commonly used support methods in hypoxaemic and hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (ARF). With advancing technology and increasing experience, not only are indications for NIV getting broader, but more severe patients are treated with NIV. Depending on disease type and clinical status, NIV can be applied both in the general ward and in high-dependency/intensive care unit settings with different environmental opportunities. However, it is important to remember that patients with ARF are always very fragile with possible high mortality risk. The delay in recognition of unresponsiveness to NIV, progression of respiratory failure or new-onset complications may result in devastating and fatal outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to understand that timely action taken according to monitoring variables is one of the key elements for NIV success. The purpose of this review is to outline basic and advanced monitoring techniques for NIV during an ARF episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begum Ergan
- Division of Intensive Care, Dept of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey .,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jacek Nasiłowski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - João Carlos Winck
- Northern Rehabilitation Centre Cardio-Pulmonary Group, Vila Nova de Gaia, Respiratory Medicine Units of Trofa-Saúde Alfena Hospital and Braga-Centro Hospital and Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Conti G, Spinazzola G, Gregoretti C, Ferrone G, Cortegiani A, Festa O, Piastra M, Tortorolo L, Costa R. Comparative bench study evaluation of different infant interfaces for non-invasive ventilation. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:57. [PMID: 29625596 PMCID: PMC5889592 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare, in terms of patient-ventilator interaction and performance, a new nasal mask (Respireo, AirLiquide, FR) with the Endotracheal tube (ET) and a commonly used nasal mask (FPM, Fisher and Paykel, NZ) for delivering Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) in an infant model of Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). METHODS An active test lung (ASL 5000) connected to an infant mannequin through 3 different interfaces (Respireo, ET and FPM), was ventilated with a standard ICU ventilator set in PSV. The test lung was set to simulate a 5.5 kg infant with ARF, breathing at 50 and 60 breaths/min). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) mode was not used and the leaks were nearly zero. RESULTS The ET showed the shortest inspiratory trigger delay and pressurization time compared to FPM and Respireo (p < 0.01). At each respiratory rate tested, the FPM showed the shortest Expiratory trigger delay compared to ET and Respireo (p < 0.01). The Respireo presented a lower value of Inspiratory pressure-time product and trigger pressure drop than ET (p < 0.01), while no significant difference was found in terms of pressure-time product at 300 and 500 ms. During all tests, compared with the FPM, ET showed a significantly higher tidal volume (VT) delivered (p < 0.01), while Respireo showed a trend toward an increase of tidal volume delivered compared with FPM. CONCLUSIONS The ET showed a better patient-ventilator interaction and performance compared to both the nasal masks. Despite the higher internal volume, Respireo showed a trend toward an increase of the delivered tidal volume; globally, its efficiency in terms of patient-ventilator interaction was comparable to the FPM, which is the infant NIV mask characterized by the smaller internal volume among the (few) models on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Conti
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Spinazzola
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliano Ferrone
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Olimpia Festa
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tortorolo
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Costa
- Intensive Care and Anaesthesia Department and Ventilab, Catholic University of Rome, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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25
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Garramone A, Cangemi R, Bresciani E, Carnevale R, Bartimoccia S, Fante E, Corinti M, Brunori M, Violi F, Bertazzoni G, Pignatelli P. Early decrease of oxidative stress by non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Intern Emerg Med 2018; 13:183-190. [PMID: 28914417 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-017-1750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in chronic respiratory diseases where the use of non-invasive ventilation seems to reduce the oxidative damage. Data on acute respiratory failure are still lacking. The aim of the study is to investigate the interplay between oxidative stress and acute respiratory failure, and the role of non-invasive ventilation in this setting. We enrolled 60 patients suffering from acute respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 ratio <300): 30 consecutive patients treated with non-invasive ventilation and 30 consecutive patients treated with conventional oxygen therapy. Serum levels of soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), a marker of NADPH-oxidase activation, and 8-iso-PGF2α and H2O2, markers of oxidative stress, were evaluated at baseline and after 3 h of treatment. At baseline, higher values of sNOX2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2α and H2O2 are associated with lower values of PaO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.001). After 3 h, serum levels of sNOX2-dp, H2O2, and 8-iso-PGF2α significantly decrease in patients treated with non-invasive ventilation, but not in patients treated with conventional oxygen therapy. Delta changes of oxidative stress parameters correlate inversely with the delta changes of PaO2/FiO2 (R = -0.623, p < 0.001 for sNOX2-dp; R = -0.428, p < 0.001 for H2O2; R = -0.548, p < 0.001 for 8-iso-PGF2α). In the acute respiratory failure setting, treatment with non-invasive ventilation reduces the levels of oxidative stress in the first hours. This reduction is associated with an improvement of PaO2/FiO2 ratio as well as in a reduction of NADPH-oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Garramone
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bresciani
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fante
- Department of Emergency, M.G. Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Corinti
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Brunori
- Respiratory Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bertazzoni
- UOC Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gregoretti C, Cortegiani A, Accurso G, Raineri SM, Giarratano A. Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure/ARDS: the Show Must Go on. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2018; 46:1-2. [PMID: 30140493 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2018.290118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico P. Giaccone. University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico P. Giaccone. University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Accurso
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico P. Giaccone. University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Santi Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico P. Giaccone. University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency. Policlinico P. Giaccone. University of Palermo, Italy
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27
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Gregoretti C, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Giarrjatano A. Noninvasive Ventilation in Hypoxemic Patients: an Ongoing Soccer Game or a Lost One? Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2017; 45:329-331. [PMID: 29359070 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2017.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P, Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P, Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Santi Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P, Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarrjatano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P, Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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28
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Raineri SM, Cortegiani A, Accurso G, Procaccianti C, Vitale F, Caruso S, Giarratano A, Gregoretti C. Efficacy and Safety of Using High-Flow Nasal Oxygenation in Patients Undergoing Rapid Sequence Intubation. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2017; 45:335-339. [PMID: 29359072 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2017.47048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy in patients undergoing rapid sequence intubation (RSI) for emergency abdominal surgery. Methods HFNO of 60 L.min-1 at an inspiratory oxygen fraction of 1 was delivered 4 min before laryngoscopy and maintained until the patient was intubated, and correct intubation was verified by the appearance of the end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) waveform. Transcutaneous oxygenation (SpO2), heart rate and non-invasive mean arterial pressure were monitored at baseline (T0), after 4 min on HFNO (T1) and at the time of laryngoscopy (T2) and endotracheal intubation (ETI) (T3). An SpO2 of <3% from baseline was recorded at any sampled time. The value of EtCO2 at T3 was registered after two mechanical breaths. The apnoea time was defined as the time from the end of propofol injection to ETI. RSI was performed with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled. SpO2 levels showed a statistically significant increase at T1, T2 and T3 compared with those at T0 (p<0.05); median SpO2% (interquartile range) was 97% (range, 96%-99%) at T0, 99% (range, 99%-100%) at T1, 99% (range, 99%-100%) at T2 and 99% (range, 99%-100%) at T3. Minimal SpO2 was 96%; no patient showed an SpO2 of <3% from baseline; mean EtCO2 at the time of ETI was 36±4 mmHg. Maximum apnoea time was 12 min. Conclusion HFNO is an effective and safe technique for pre-oxygenation in patients undergoing rapid sequence induction of general anaesthesia for emergency surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Accurso
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Procaccianti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Vitale
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sabrina Caruso
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Smischney NJ, Seisa MO, Heise KJ, Wiegand RA, Busack KD, Loftsgard TO, Schroeder DR, Diedrich DA. Predictors of arterial desaturation during intubation: a nested case-control study of airway management-part I. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:3996-4005. [PMID: 29268410 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.08.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Arterial desaturations experienced during endotracheal intubation (ETI) may lead to poor outcomes. Thus, our primary aim was to identify predictors of arterial desaturation (pulse oximetry <90%) during the peri-intubation period and to assess outcomes of those who developed arterial hypoxemia. Methods Adult patients admitted to a medical and/or surgical intensive care unit (ICU) over the time period of January 1st 2013 through December 31st 2014 who required ETI were included. Only the first intubation was captured. Arterial desaturation was defined as pulse oximetry readings of <90% (hypoxemia) in the immediate peri-intubation period. Patients were then grouped in cases (those who developed desaturation) and controls (those who did not develop this complication). Results The final cohort included 420 patients. Arterial desaturations occurred in 74 (18%) patients. When adjusting for significant predictors on univariate analysis and known predictors of a difficult airway, only acute respiratory failure (OR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.15-4.93; P=0.02) and provider training level (OR 7.12; 95% CI: 1.65-30.67; P=0.016) remained significant. Higher pulse oximetry readings prior to intubation was found to be protective on multivariate analysis (OR 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89-0.96; P<0.01; per one percent increase). Conclusions Patients who were intubated for acute respiratory failure and those who were intubated by junior level trainees had increased odds of experiencing arterial desaturation in the peri-intubation period. Patients experiencing arterial desaturation had lower pulse oximetry readings prior to intubation suggesting a possible delay at intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Smischney
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamed O Seisa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Kyle D Busack
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel A Diedrich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Esquinas AM, Benhamou MO, Glossop AJ, Mina B. Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Ventilatory Failure: Rationale and Current Applications. Sleep Med Clin 2017; 12:597-606. [PMID: 29108614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation plays a pivotal role in acute ventilator failure and has been shown, in certain disease processes such as acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to prevent and shorten the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, reducing the risks and complications associated with it. The application of noninvasive ventilation is relatively simple and well tolerated by patients and in the right setting can change the course of their illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M Esquinas
- Intensive Care and Non-invasive Ventilatory Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Avenida Marques Velez, Murcia 30008, Spain.
| | - Maly Oron Benhamou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alastair J Glossop
- Department of Critical Care, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2HE, UK
| | - Bushra Mina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Cortegiani A, Russotto V, Antonelli M, Azoulay E, Carlucci A, Conti G, Demoule A, Ferrer M, Hill NS, Jaber S, Navalesi P, Pelosi P, Scala R, Gregoretti C. Ten important articles on noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients and insights for the future: A report of expert opinions. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:122. [PMID: 28870157 PMCID: PMC5584318 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive ventilation is used worldwide in many settings. Its effectiveness has been proven for common clinical conditions in critical care such as cardiogenic pulmonary edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Since the first pioneering studies of noninvasive ventilation in critical care in the late 1980s, thousands of studies and articles have been published on this topic. Interestingly, some aspects remain controversial (e.g. its use in de-novo hypoxemic respiratory failure, role of sedation, self-induced lung injury). Moreover, the role of NIV has recently been questioned and reconsidered in light of the recent reports of new techniques such as high-flow oxygen nasal therapy. Methods We conducted a survey among leading experts on NIV aiming to 1) identify a selection of 10 important articles on NIV in the critical care setting 2) summarize the reasons for the selection of each study 3) offer insights on the future for both clinical application and research on NIV. Results The experts selected articles over a span of 26 years, more clustered in the last 15 years. The most voted article studied the role of NIV in acute exacerbation chronic pulmonary disease. Concerning the future of clinical applications for and research on NIV, most of the experts forecast the development of innovative new interfaces more adaptable to patients characteristics, the need for good well-designed large randomized controlled trials of NIV in acute “de novo” hypoxemic respiratory failure (including its comparison with high-flow oxygen nasal therapy) and the development of software-based NIV settings to enhance patient-ventilator synchrony. Conclusions The selection made by the experts suggests that some applications of NIV in critical care are supported by solid data (e.g. COPD exacerbation) while others are still waiting for confirmation. Moreover, the identified insights for the future would lead to improved clinical effectiveness, new comparisons and evaluation of its role in still “lack of full evidence” clinical settings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-017-0409-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anestesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - V Russotto
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anestesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Antonelli
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Azoulay
- Réanimation médicale, Hôpital Saint Louis, APHP, Paris, France
| | - A Carlucci
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Conti
- Department of Intensive Care and Anaesthesia, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Demoule
- UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département "R3S"), 75013, Paris, France
| | - M Ferrer
- Department of Pneumology, Respiratory Institute, Hospital Clinic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CibeRes (CB06/06/0028), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N S Hill
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine B (DAR B), Saint-Eloi Hospital, University Teaching Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Navalesi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - P Pelosi
- IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - R Scala
- Pulmonology and RICU, S. Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - C Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED). Section of Anestesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Policlinico P. Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Kondo Y, Kumasawa J, Kawaguchi A, Seo R, Nango E, Hashimoto S. Effects of non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure excluding post-extubation respiratory failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema and exacerbation of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Anesth 2017; 31:714-725. [PMID: 28741217 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-017-2389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis compared the effects of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with invasive mechanical ventilation (InMV) and standard oxygen (O2) therapy on mortality and rate of tracheal intubation in patients presenting acute respiratory failure (ARF). METHODS We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials databases between 1949 and May 2015 to identify randomized trials of NIV for ARF. We excluded the ARF caused by extubation, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and COPD. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 21 studies and 1691 patients, of whom 846 were assigned to NIV and 845 to control (InMV or standard O2 therapy). One hundred ninety-one patients (22.6%) in the NIV group and 261 patients (30.9%) in the control group died before discharge from hospital. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for short-term mortality (in-hospital mortality) was 0.56 (95% CI 0.40-0.78). When comparing NIV with standard O2 therapy, the short-term mortality was 155 (27.4%) versus 204 (36.0%), respectively. For this comparison, the pooled OR of short-term mortality was 0.56 (95% CI 0.36-0.85). When comparing NIV with InMV, the short-term mortality was 36 (12.9%) versus 57 (20.5%) patients, respectively. For this comparison, the pooled OR of short-term mortality was 0.56 (95% CI 0.34-0.90). Tracheal intubation was performed in 106 patients (22.7%) in the NIV and in 183 patients (39.4%) in the standard O2 group, representing a pooled OR of 0.37 (95% CI 0.25-0.55). There were publication biases and the quality of the evidence was graded as low. CONCLUSION Compared with standard O2 therapy or InMV, NIV lowered both the short-term mortality and the rate of tracheal intubation in patients presenting with ARF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kondo
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Junji Kumasawa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- University of Alberta, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Edmonton, Canada.,University of Alberta, School of Public Health, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ryutaro Seo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Eishu Nango
- Department of General Medicine, Tokyo Kita Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Russotto V, Cortegiani A, Raineri SM, Gregoretti C, Giarratano A. Respiratory support techniques to avoid desaturation in critically ill patients requiring endotracheal intubation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care 2017; 41:98-106. [PMID: 28505486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate which respiratory support method for critically ill patients undergoing endotracheal intubation (ETI) is associated with less desaturation. METHODS We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL databases. We included randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (non-RCT) studies investigating any method of respiratory support before/during ETI compared to a reference control. RESULTS Apneic oxygenation (ApOx) was the most commonly investigated respiratory support technique for critically ill patients undergoing intubation (4 RCTs, 358 patients). Three of these studies investigated high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for ApOx while standard nasal cannula was used in one. Globally, ApOx was associated with higher minimum SpO2 value compared to those receiving ETI without ApOx (mean difference 2.31%, 95% CI 0.42 to 4.20, p=0.02, I2=0%) but there were not significant differences between groups in severe hypoxemia and intubation related - complications. Concerning other techniques, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was compared to bag-valve mask in only one RCT and it reduced the degree of desaturation. CONCLUSIONS ApOx was significantly associated with higher minimum SpO2 registered during the intubation procedure. Further studies are needed to increase the number of included patients and demonstrate the benefit of ApOx and of other respiratory support methods (e.g. NIV, HFNC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Russotto
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cortegiani
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Santi Maurizio Raineri
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gregoretti
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giarratano
- Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies (DIBIMED), Section of Anesthesia, Analgesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Furlanetto KC, Pitta F. Oxygen therapy devices and portable ventilators for improved physical activity in daily life in patients with chronic respiratory disease. Expert Rev Med Devices 2017; 14:103-115. [PMID: 28116924 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2017.1283981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with hypoxemia and chronic respiratory failure may need to use oxygen therapy to correct hypoxemia and to use ventilatory support to augment alveolar ventilation, reverse abnormalities in blood gases (in particular hypercapnia) and reduce the work of breathing. Areas covered: This narrative review provides an overview on the use of oxygen therapy devices or portable ventilators for improved physical activity in daily life (PADL) as well as discusses the issue of lower mobility in daily life among stable patients with chronic respiratory disease who present indication for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) or home-based noninvasive ventilation (NIV). A literature review of these concepts was performed by using all related search terms. Expert commentary: Technological advances led to the development of light and small oxygen therapy devices and portable ventilators which aim to facilitate patients' mobility and ambulation. However, the day-by-day dependence of a device may reduce mobility and partially impair patients' PADL. Nocturnal NIV implementation in hypercapnic patients seems promising to improve PADL. The magnitude of their equipment-related physical inactivity is underexplored up to this moment and more long-term randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis examining the effects of ambulatory oxygen and NIV on PADL are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Couto Furlanetto
- a Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy , Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) , Londrina , Brazil
| | - Fabio Pitta
- a Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy (LFIP), Department of Physiotherapy , Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) , Londrina , Brazil
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Smischney NJ, Seisa MO, Heise KJ, Busack KD, Loftsgard TO, Schroeder DR, Diedrich DA. Practice of Intubation of the Critically Ill at Mayo Clinic. J Intensive Care Med 2017; 34:885066617691495. [PMID: 28173733 DOI: 10.1177/0885066617691495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the practice of intubation of the critically ill at a single academic institution, Mayo Clinic's campus in Rochester, Minnesota, and to report the incidence of immediate postintubation complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS Critically ill adult (≥18 years) patients admitted to a medical-surgical intensive care unit from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014, who required endotracheal intubation included. RESULTS The final cohort included 420 patients. The mean age at intubation was 62.9 ± 16.3 years, with 58% (244) of the cohort as male. The most common reason for intubation was respiratory failure (282 [67%]). The most common airway device used was video laryngoscopy (204 [49%]). Paralysis was used in 264 (63%) patients, with ketamine as the most common sedative (194 [46%]). The most common complication was hypotension (170 [41%]; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.7-45.3) followed by hypoxemia (74 [17.6%]; 95% CI: 14.1-21.6), with difficult intubation occurring in 20 (5%; 95% CI: 2.9-7.3). CONCLUSION We found a high success rate of first-pass intubation in critically ill patients (89.8%), despite the procedure being done primarily by trainees 92.6% of the time; video was the preferred method of laryngoscopy (48.6%). Although our difficult intubation (4.8%) and complication rates typically associated with the act of intubation such as aspiration (1.2%; 95% CI: 0.4-2.8) and esophageal intubation (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.01-1.3) are very low compared to other published rates (8.09%), postintubation hypotension (40.5%) and hypoxemia (17.6%) higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Smischney
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- 2 Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mohamed O Seisa
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- 2 Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kyle D Busack
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel A Diedrich
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- 2 Hemodynamic and Airway Management Group (HEMAIR), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Noninvasive ventilation for neuromuscular respiratory failure: when to use and when to avoid. Curr Opin Crit Care 2016; 22:94-9. [PMID: 26872323 DOI: 10.1097/mcc.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neuromuscular respiratory failure can occur from a variety of diseases, both acute and chronic with acute exacerbation. There is often a misunderstanding about how the nature of the neuromuscular disease should affect the decision on how to ventilate the patient. This review provides an update on the value and relative contraindications for the use of noninvasive ventilation in patients with various causes of primary neuromuscular respiratory failure. RECENT FINDINGS Myasthenic crisis represents the paradigmatic example of the neuromuscular condition that can be best treated with noninvasive ventilation. Timely use of noninvasive ventilation can substantially reduce the duration of ventilatory assistance in these patients. Noninvasive ventilation can also be very helpful after extubation in patients recovering from an acute cause of neuromuscular respiratory failure who have persistent weakness. Noninvasive ventilation can improve quality of survival in patients with advanced motor neuron disorder (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and muscular dystrophies, and can avoid intubation when these patients present to the hospital with acute respiratory failure. Attempting noninvasive ventilation is not only typically unsuccessful in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome, but can also be dangerous in these cases. SUMMARY Noninvasive ventilation can be very effective to treat acute respiratory failure caused by myasthenia gravis and to prevent reintubation in other neuromuscular patients, but should be used cautiously for other indications, particularly Guillain-Barre syndrome.
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