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Ramya K, Lakshmi KSJ, Amreen K, Goel S. Electrochemical Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for L-Tyrosine Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:410-417. [PMID: 38507383 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2024.3379588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine (L-Tyr), a critical amino acid whose aberrant levels impact melanin and dopamine levels in human body while also increasing insulin resistance thereby increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to detect the amount of L-Tyr in human fluids by tailored electrochemical synthesis of well adhered, homogenous and thin molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) by the electro-polymerization of pyrrole on glassy carbon electrode modified functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The key benefits of this procedure over previous imprinting techniques were the elimination of expensive materials like Au and tedious multi-step synthesis, for L-Tyr detection using a handheld potentiostat. The developed particles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Chronoamperometry, and Cyclic Voltammetry. With strong reproducibility and stability, this optimized approach provides a rapid and effective method of preparing and sensing MIPs for the target analyte with a broad linear range of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The engineered sensor was validated for quantifying the concentrations of L-Tyr in human blood and serum samples, yielding satisfactory recovery and can be expanded in future to detect analytes simultaneous.
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Kuypers AM, Vliet KEV, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Abeln D, Ford S, Hildebrandt-Karlsen S, van Spronsen FJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Satisfaction with home blood sampling methods and expectations for future point-of-care testing in phenylketonuria: Perspectives from patients and professionals. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108361. [PMID: 38442492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires regular phenylalanine monitoring to ensure optimal outcome. However, home sampling methods used for monitoring suffer high pre-analytical variability, inter-laboratory variability and turn-around-times, highlighting the need for alternative methods of home sampling or monitoring. METHODS A survey was distributed through email and social media to (parents of) PKU patients and professionals working in inherited metabolic diseases in Denmark, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom regarding satisfaction with current home sampling methods and expectations for future point-of-care testing (POCT). RESULTS 210 parents, 156 patients and 95 professionals completed the survey. Countries, and parents and patients were analysed together, in absence of significant group differences for most questions. Important results are: 1) Many patients take less home samples than advised. 2) The majority of (parents of) PKU patients are (somewhat) dissatisfied with their home sampling method, especially with turn-around-times (3-5 days). 3) 37% of professionals are dissatisfied with their home sampling method and 45% with the turn-around-times. 4) All responders are positive towards developments for POCT: 97% (n = 332) of (parents of) patients is willing to use a POC-device and 76% (n = 61) of professionals would recommend their patients to use a POC-device. 5) Concerns from all participants for future POC-devices are costs/reimbursements and accuracy, and to professionals specifically, accessibility to results, over-testing, patient anxiety, and patients adjusting their diet without consultation. CONCLUSION The PKU community is (somewhat) dissatisfied with current home sampling methods, highlighting the need for alternatives of Phe monitoring. POCT might be such an alternative and the community is eager for its arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysa M Kuypers
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kimber Evers-van Vliet
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | | | | | - Suzanne Ford
- The National Society for Phenylketonuria (NSPKU), Richard House, Lancashire, UK
| | | | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Cannet C, Bayat A, Frauendienst-Egger G, Freisinger P, Spraul M, Himmelreich N, Kockaya M, Ahring K, Godejohann M, MacDonald A, Trefz F. Phenylketonuria (PKU) Urinary Metabolomic Phenotype Is Defined by Genotype and Metabolite Imbalance: Results in 51 Early Treated Patients Using Ex Vivo 1H-NMR Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:4916. [PMID: 37446577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. Depending on the severity of the genetic mutation, medical treatment, and patient dietary management, elevated phenylalanine (Phe) may occur in blood and brain tissues. Research has recently shown that high Phe not only impacts the central nervous system, but also other organ systems (e.g., heart and microbiome). This study used ex vivo proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis of urine samples from PKU patients (mean 14.9 ± 9.2 years, n = 51) to identify the impact of elevated blood Phe and PKU treatment on metabolic profiles. Our results found that 24 out of 98 urinary metabolites showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) for PKU patients compared to age-matched healthy controls (n = 51) based on an analysis of urinary metabolome. These altered urinary metabolites were related to Phe metabolism, dysbiosis, creatine synthesis or intake, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide degradation, and metabolites associated with a low Phe diet. There was an excellent correlation between the metabolome and genotype of PKU patients and healthy controls of 96.7% in a confusion matrix model. Metabolomic investigations may contribute to a better understanding of PKU pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allan Bayat
- Kennedy Centre, Center for PKU, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Freisinger
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Musa Kockaya
- Private Pediatric Practice, 68307 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Anita MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
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Melman Y, Katz E, Smutok O. Phenylalanine biosensor based on a nanostructured fiberglass paper support and fluorescent output signal readable with a smartphone. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Gouda AS, Nazim WS. Development of a simple method for the analysis of phenylalanine in dried blood spot using tandem mass spectrometry. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Phenylketonuria (PKU), inborn error of metabolism, results from phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. PKU leads to neurological manifestations, intellectual disability, and mental disorders. Treatment depends on phenylalanine-restricted diet.
Diagnosis and follow-up of PKU depends on blood phenylalanine level. The development of bacterial inhibition assay was the first routine screening test for PKU. ELISA and amino acids analyzers methods were then developed.
Tandem mass spectrometry was introduced for newborn screening from dried blood spot in the late 1990s. Since then, several methods were developed, starting from using HPLC column followed by direct injection in mass spectrometer by analyte derivatization and use of external and internal standards. Kits are available for neonatal screening without derivatization using internal standards for quantitation.
Due to high PKU incidence in Egypt, it is important to continuously ameliorate the methods for neonatal diagnosis and follow-up.
Results
External standards as dried blood spots were prepared according to the previously described procedures. These standards were evaluated for phenylalanine concentration using ELISA kit. Analysis of samples was done with a single-step elution from dried blood spot followed by 1-min mass spectrometry analysis. Validation was done according to US FDA and other related guidelines. Fifty samples were analyzed by ELISA and another 126 samples were analyzed by mass spectrometer kit. All these samples were analyzed by the developed method and no statistically significant difference was observed.
Conclusion
New simple method is developed for phenylalanine quantitation in dried blood spot using tandem mass spectrometry. This method is cost and time effective.
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Okawa A, Hayashi M, Inagaki J, Okajima T, Tamura T, Inagaki K. Novel method for l-methionine determination using l-methionine decarboxylase and application of the enzyme for l-homocysteine determination. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:927-935. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1715781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For many years, clinical studies have suggested that blood levels of l-methionine and L-homocysteine correlate with health status or homocystinuria/hypermethioninemia. l-Methionine in a solution containing 0%, 10%, or 20% human serum was detected in 10–200 µM using l-methionine decarboxylase (MetDC). Spike and recovery tests showed that the enzymatic assay could accurately and reproducibly determine the increases in l-methionine in serum samples. These results suggest that our enzymatic method using MetDC is useful for primary screening of hypermethioninemia or homocystinuria based on serum l-methionine concentration. Additionally, we confirmed that l-methionine (100 nmol) in solution was degraded to less than the detection limit by incubation at 37ºC for 10 min using 2 U of MetDC. Therefore, l-homocysteine in serum samples can be detected with equivalent sensitivity using l-methionine γ-lyase (MGL), in solutions that either did not contain l-methionine or contained l-methionine preincubated with MetDC.
Abbreviations
DTT: dithiothreitol; IPTG: isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside; KPB: potassium phosphate buffer; MBTH: 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinonehydrazone; mdc: the gene coding l-methionine decarboxylase; MetDC: l-methionine decarboxylase; mgl: the gene coding l-methionine γ-lyase; MGL: l-methionine γ-lyase; PLP: pyridoxal 5ʹ-phosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaya Hayashi
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Kibi International University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Okajima
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Moreira CM, Pereira SV, Raba J, Bertolino FA, Messina GA. Paper-based enzymatic platform coupled to screen printed graphene-modified electrode for the fast neonatal screening of phenylketonuria. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 486:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Bosch AM, Burlina A, Campistol J, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Huijbregts SC, Kearney S, Leuzzi V, Maillot F, Muntau AC, van Rijn M, Trefz F, Walter JH, van Spronsen FJ. The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:162. [PMID: 29025426 PMCID: PMC5639803 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism caused by deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. If left untreated, PKU results in increased phenylalanine concentrations in blood and brain, which cause severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and behavioural problems. PKU management differs widely across Europe and therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming to optimize and standardize PKU care. Professionals from 10 different European countries developed the guidelines according to the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) method. Literature search, critical appraisal and evidence grading were conducted according to the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) method. The Delphi-method was used when there was no or little evidence available. External consultants reviewed the guidelines. Using these methods 70 statements were formulated based on the highest quality evidence available. The level of evidence of most recommendations is C or D. Although study designs and patient numbers are sub-optimal, many statements are convincing, important and relevant. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified which require further research in order to direct better care for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. J. van Wegberg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K. Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A. Bélanger-Quintana
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Blau
- University Children’s Hospital, Dietmar-Hoppe Metabolic Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. M. Bosch
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Academic Medical Centre, University Hospital of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J. Campistol
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Feillet
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital d’Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - M. Giżewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - S. C. Huijbregts
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies-Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kearney
- Clinical Psychology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - V. Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Maillot
- CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais, INSERM U1069, Tours, France
| | - A. C. Muntau
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. van Rijn
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Trefz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. H. Walter
- Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F. J. van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Kianmehr A, Mahrooz A, Ansari J, Oladnabi M, Shahbazmohammadi H. The Rapid and Sensitive Quantitative Determination of Galactose by Combined Enzymatic and Colorimetric Method: Application in Neonatal Screening. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:283-93. [PMID: 26821257 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1993-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative measurement of galactose in blood is essential for the early diagnosis, treatment, and dietary monitoring of galactosemia patients. In this communication, we aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective combined method for galactose determination in dry blood spots. This procedure was based on the combination of enzymatic reactions of galactose dehydrogenase (GalDH), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD), and alkaline phosphates with a colorimetric system. The incubation time and the concentration of enzymes used in new method were also optimized. The analytical performance was studied by the precision, recovery, linearity, and sensitivity parameters. Statistical analysis was applied to method comparison experiment. The regression equation and correlation coefficient (R (2)) were Y = 0.0085x + 0.032 and R (2) = 0.998, respectively. This assay exhibited a recovery in the range of 91.7-114.3 % and had the limit detection of 0.5 mg/dl for galactose. The between-run coefficient of variation (CV) was between 2.6 and 11.1 %. The within-run CV was between 4.9 and 9.2 %. Our results indicated that the new and reference methods were in agreement because no significant biases exist between them. Briefly, a quick and reliable combined enzymatic and colorimetric assay was presented for application in newborn mass screening and monitoring of galactosemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- Biochemistry and Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Ansari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Biochemistry and Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Hamid Shahbazmohammadi
- Department of Biology, Bandar Jask Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Jask, Iran.
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Genetic and Metabolism Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Attia MS, Yakout AA. Novel method for tyrosine assessment in vitro using luminescence quenching of the nano optical sensor Eu–ciprofloxacin doped in a sol–gel matrix. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25301b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A low cost and very sensitive method for the assessment of tyrosine in blood serum, urine and hair samples was developed. The method was based upon the luminescence intensity of a Eu–ciprofloxacin complex nano optical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Attia
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Jeddah
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr A. Yakout
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- University of Jeddah
- Jeddah
- Saudi Arabia
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Selective detection of l-tyrosine in the presence of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid at poly(thionine)-modified glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Li G, Yang M, Chen LC, Gao B, Xiong XL. Colorimetric and visual detection of tyrosine based on its copper-catalyzed enzymatic oxidation to dopamine and subsequent reductive formation of colored gold nanoparticles using copper ions. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Mo XM, Li Y, Tang AG, Ren YP. Simultaneous determination of phenylalanine and tyrosine in peripheral capillary blood by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1074-1078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Qiu H, Xi Y, Lu F, Fan L, Luo C. Determination of L-phenylalanine on-line based on molecularly imprinted polymeric microspheres and flow injection chemiluminescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 86:456-460. [PMID: 22112574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel molecular imprinting-chemiluminescence (MIP-CL) sensor for the determination of L-phenylalanine (Phe) using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as recognition element is reported. The Phe-MIP was synthesized using acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and the polymers' properties were characterized. Then the synthesized MIP was employed as recognition element by packing into flow cell to establish a novel flow injection CL sensor. The CL intensity responded linearly to the concentration of Phe in the range 1.3 × 10(-6) to 5.44 × 10(-4) mol/L with a detection limit of 6.23 × 10(-7) mol/L (3σ), which is lower than that of conventional methods. The sensor is reusable and has a great improvement in sensitivity and selectivity for CL analysis. As a result, the new MIP-CL sensor had been successfully applied to the determination of Phe in samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, No. 106 Jiwei Road, Jinan 250022, China
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Ohtomo T, Igarashi S, Takagai Y, Ohno O. Quenching-Chemiluminescence Determination of Trace Amounts of l-Tyrosine Contained in Dietary Supplement by Chemiluminescence Reaction of an Iron-Phthalocyanine Complex. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:520248. [PMID: 22567562 PMCID: PMC3336182 DOI: 10.1155/2012/520248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence (CL) signal immediately appeared when a hydrogen peroxide solution was injected into an iron-phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid (Fe-PTS) aqueous solution. Moreover, the CL intensity of Fe-PTS decreased by adding l-tyrosine. Based on these results, the determination of trace amounts of l-tyrosine was developed using the quenching-chemiluminescence. The calibration curve of l-tyrosine was obtained in the concentration range of 2.0 × 10(-7) M to 2.0 × 10(-5) M. Moreover, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.63 % (n = 5) for 2.0 × 10(-6) M l-tyrosine, and its detection limits (3σ) were 1.81 × 10(-7) M. The spike and recovery experiments for l-tyrosine were performed using a soft drink. Furthermore, the determination of l-tyrosine was applied to supplements containing various kinds of amino acids. Each satisfactory relative recovery was obtained at 98 to 102%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohtomo
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
| | - Shukuro Igarashi
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
- *Shukuro Igarashi:
| | - Yoshitaka Takagai
- Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Cluster of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Department of Biomolecular Functional Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan
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Zhang K, Yan HT, Zhou T. Spectrofluorimetric determination of phenylalanine based on fluorescence enhancement of europium ion immobilized with sol-gel method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 83:155-160. [PMID: 21917509 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of phenylalanine (Phe) in serum is widely performed for the screening of newborn phenylketonuria (PKU). In this work, a novel spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of Phe was developed based on the fluorescence enhancement of Ruhemann's purple, the reaction product between Phe and ninhydrin, upon coordination with Eu(3+). A filter paper disc containing immobilized reactants (ninhydrin and Eu(3+)) was fabricated by sol-gel method. The experimental parameters affecting the determination of Phe, such as the concentrations of immobilized reagents, the pH value, the reaction time and temperature were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity of Phe-ninhydrin-Eu(3+) system was linearly proportional to the concentration of Phe in the range from 5×10(-5) to 2×10(-3) mol L(-1), and the limit of detection was found to be 5.2×10(-6) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation was 2.6% for ten replicate measurements of 1.5×10(-4) mol L(-1) of Phe. The method has merits of sensitivity, simplicity and low cost, and has been applied to the determination of Phe in artificial serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Zhu X, Xu S. Determination of L-tyrosine by beta-cyclodextrin sensitized fluorescence quenching method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 77:566-571. [PMID: 20667765 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) sensitized fluorescence quenching method for the determination of l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) with Mo(VI)-phenyl-fluorone (PF) as a fluorescence probe has been developed. The fluorescence intensity of Mo(VI)-PF-beta-CD was diminished as the l-tyrosine was added, the fluorescence quenching value DeltaF=F(beta-CD-Mo-PF)-F(beta-CD-Mo-PF-l-Tyr) was enhanced in beta-CD and there was a linear relationship between the DeltaF and the concentration of l-Tyr. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of calibration curve for the determination of l-tyrosine was 0.3-20.0microgmL(-1); the detection limit was 0.094microgmL(-1). NaOH (10%, w/v) is the best reagent of hydrolysis in sample preparation. The sensitized mechanism of beta-cyclodextrin was discussed. The method has been applied to the determination of l-tyrosine in spirulina and food samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiashi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, People's Republic of China.
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Nielsen JB, Nielsen KE, Güttler F. Tetrahydrobiopterin responsiveness after extended loading test of 12 Danish PKU patients with the Y414C mutation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:9-16. [PMID: 20063067 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-9002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by phenylalanine (Phe) accumulation due to defects in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Phe accumulation can lead to cognitive impairment. Some individuals with PKU respond to tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) treatment, the natural cofactor of PAH, by a reduction in blood Phe concentrations.We tested 12 patients with PKU, 8-29 years of age, all carrying the common Y414C mutation in the PAH gene. Three were homozygous and nine were compound heterozygous, with the second mutation being a putative null mutation. During the study period, genuine protein was increased to approximately 1 g/kg. The patients were treated with 20, 10, and 5 mg BH4/kg/day for 1 week on each dose, starting with 20 mg/kg. A positive response was defined as a decline in blood Phe>30%. Blood Phe was measured four times a week. Nonresponding children were excluded from the study. Eleven of 12 patients had a positive response with 20 mg/kg, 5/10 responded on 10 mg/kg, and 1/9 on 5 mg/kg. Two were late responders, with a response on 20 mg/kg after >48 h. We could confirm the previously reported inconsistent responsiveness of Y414C in the nine heterozygous patients, whereas the three homozygous patients had early median Phe declines of 73%, 51%, and 27%, respectively, on the three different doses. The varying responses despite uniform trial conditions and genotypes may be due to individual differences in BH4 absorption or metabolism. No side effects were observed.
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De Silva V, Oldham CD, May SW. L-Phenylalanine concentration in blood of phenylketonuria patients: a modified enzyme colorimetric assay compared with amino acid analysis, tandem mass spectrometry, and HPLC methods. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48:1271-9. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2010.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wei W, Hong-Jian W, Chong-Qiu J, Jing-Min S. Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Tyrosine with 1,5-Bis(4,6-dicholro-1,3,5-triazinylamino) naphthalene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(08)60008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Menger M, Glökler J, Rimmele M. Application of aptamers in therapeutics and for small-molecule detection. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2006:359-73. [PMID: 16594625 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27262-3_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids that can bind with high affinity and specificity to target molecules are called "apta mers". Aptamers recognise a large variety of different molecule classes. The main focus of this chapter is small molecules as targets. Aptamers are applied complementarily to antibody technologies and can substitute antibodies or small molecules wherever their different properties, such as biochemical nature or highly discriminating capacities, are advantageous. Examples of promising applications of these versatile molecules are discussed in the field of therapeutics and biotechnology with a special view to small-molecule detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Menger
- RiNA Netzwerk RNA-Technologien GmbH, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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