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Mueen RM, Al-Juaifari M, Abosaooda M, Qassam H, Hadi NR. Lung protective effect of Ticagrelor in endotoxemia. J Med Life 2023; 16:941-947. [PMID: 37675176 PMCID: PMC10478651 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2022-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of the lungs in sepsis by modulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Twenty-four adult male Swiss-albino mice, aged 8-12 weeks and weighing 20-30 g, were divided into four equal groups (n=6): sham (laparotomy only), CLP (laparotomy plus cecal ligation and puncture), vehicle (DMSO administered one hour before CLP), and Ticagrelor (50 mg/kg IP administered one hour before CLP). Tissue levels of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the lung were assessed using ELISA. F2 isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the sepsis group (p<0.05) compared to the sham group, while Ticagrelor significantly decreased the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared to the sepsis group. All mice in the sepsis group had considerable (p=0.05) lung tissue damage, but Ticagrelor considerably decreased lung tissue injury (p=0.05). Furthermore, Ticagrelor was found to reduce tissue cytokine levels of the lung (IL-1, TNF a, IL-6, F2 isoprostane, GPR 17, MIF) in male mice during CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress cascade signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaa Murtada Mueen
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Maytham Al-Juaifari
- KMG Klinikum Güstrow, Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Spinal Surgery and Orthopedics, Güstrow, Germany
| | | | - Heider Qassam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Iraq
| | - Najah Rayish Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
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Alnfakh ZA, Al-Nafakh RT, Hameed AMA, Abdelhussain MA, Hadi NR. LUNG PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL EFFECT OF ZILEUTON DURING ENDOTOXAEMIA MODEL IN MALE MICE. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 75:3066-3073. [PMID: 36723329 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: This study was undertaken to investigatethe possible lung protective potential effect of zileuton during polymicrobial sepsis, through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: 24 adult male Swiss-albino mice aged 8-12 weeks, with a weight of 25-35g, were randomized into 4 equal groups n=6, sham (laparotomy without CLP), CLP (laparotomy with CLP), vehicle (equivalent volume of DMSO 1 hour prior to CLP), and Zileuton (5 mg/kg 1 hour prior to CLP) group. After 24 hrs. of sepsis, the lung tissue harvested and used to assess IL-6, IL-1B, IL-17, LTB-4,12(S) HETE and F2-isoprostane as well as histological examination. RESULTS Results: Lung tissue inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1B, IL-17, LTB, 12 (S) HETE) and oxidative stress were carried out via ELISA. Lung tissue levels of IL-6, IL-1B, IL-17, LTB4, 12(S) HETE and oxidative stress (F2 isoprostan)level were significantly higher in sepsis group (p<0.05) as compared with sham group, while zileuton combination showed significant (p<0.05) lower level in these inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress as comparedto sepsis group. Histologically, All mice in sepsis group showed a significant (p<0.05) lung tissue injury, while in zileuton pretreated group showed significantly (p<0.05) reduced lung tissue injury. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The results of the present study revealed that zileuton has the ability to attenuate lung dysfunction during CLP induced polymicrobial sepsis in male mice through their modulating effects on LTB4,12(S) HETE and oxidative stress downstream signaling pathways and subsequently decreased lungtissue levelsof proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, and IL-6,IL-17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ali Alnfakh
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Rana Talib Al-Nafakh
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Ahmed M Abdul Hameed
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, JABIR IBN HAYYAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, AL NAJAF AL-ASHRAF, IRAQ
| | | | - Najah R Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
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Mueen RM, Hadi NR. LUNG PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF CLOPIDOGREL IN POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:321-329. [PMID: 37756450 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202304104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim: The goal of this experiment was to examine if Clopidogrel might protect the lungs during sepsis by modulating the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult male Swiss-albino mice aged 8-12 weeks, with a weighing of 20-30 g, were randomized into 4 equal groups (n=6): sham (Laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture [CLP]), CLP (laparotomy plus CLP), vehicle (DMSO 1 hour prior to CLP), Clopidogrel (50 mg/g IP 1 hour before to CLP). ELISA was used to assess Lung tissue levels of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Results: F2 isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the sepsis group (p<0.05) in comparison with sham group, while Clopidogrel was considerably lower (p<0.05) in the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in comparison to sepsis group. Histologically, all mice in the sepsis group had considerable (p=0.05) lung tissue damage, but Clopidogrel considerably decreased lung tissue injury (p=0.05). CONCLUSION Conclusion: Clopidogrel was found to reduce lung tissue cytokine concentrations (IL-1, TNF a, IL-6, F2 isoprostane, GPR 17, MIF) in male mice during CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress cascade signaling pathways, to the best of our abilities, no study has looked at the effect of Clopidogrel on MIF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruaa Murtada Mueen
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, KUFA, IRAQ
| | - Najah R Hadi
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, KUFA, IRAQ
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Ghafil FA, Majeed SA, Qassam H, Mardan HW, Hadi NR. NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF GAMMA-SECRETASE INHIBITOR ON SEPSIS- INDUCED RENAL INJURY IN MOUSE MODEL OF CLP. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2023; 76:122-130. [PMID: 36883500 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202301117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: This study was set out to assess the potential protective impact of MK0752 (a gamma secretase inhibitor) on sepsis-induced renal injury through modulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Twenty-four Swiss-albino mice aged between eight and twelve week and weighted twenty to thirty-seven grams were randomly allocated into four groups (n=6 in each group). Sham group (laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis group (laparotomy with CLP), vehicle-treated group (equivalent volume of DMSO before the CLP), MK0752 treated group (5 mg/kg) single daily dose for three days before the CLP. Blood samples were used to assess the serum levels of urea and creatinine. The kidneys were used to assess tissue levels of the TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, TNFR1, VEGF, notch1, jagged1 and tissue damage by histopathological analysis. RESULTS Results: The current study shows that pretreatment with MK0752 ameliorates the renal damage by significantly reducing the proinflammatory cytokines and notch1 signaling. CONCLUSION Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that MK0752 could be protective against the renal injury induced by sepsis through its ameliorative impact on renal architecture and modulating cytokines and Notch1 singling pathway. Further studies regarding the role of Notch signaling pathways would be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadha Abdulameer Ghafil
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Sahar A Majeed
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Heider Qassam
- DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS, FACULTY OF MEDICINE, UNIVERSITY OF KUFA, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Haider W Mardan
- MIDDLE EUPHRATES CENTER OF NEUROSCIENCES, AL-SADDER TEACHING HOSPITAL, NAJAF, IRAQ
| | - Najah R Hadi
- MIDDLE EUPHRATES CENTER OF NEUROSCIENCES, AL-SADDER TEACHING HOSPITAL, NAJAF, IRAQ
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Cabrera-Rivera GL, Madera-Sandoval RL, León-Pedroza JI, Ferat-Osorio E, Salazar-Rios E, Hernández-Aceves JA, Guadarrama-Aranda U, López-Macías C, Wong-Baeza I, Arriaga-Pizano LA. Increased Tnf- Production In Response To Il-6 In Patients With Systemic Inflammation Without Infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:225-235. [PMID: 35647912 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute systemic inflammation can lead to life-threatening organ dysfunction. In patients with sepsis, systemic inflammation is triggered in response to infection, but in other patients, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is triggered by non-infectious events. IL-6 is a major mediator of inflammation, including systemic inflammatory responses. In homeostatic conditions, when IL-6 engages its membrane-bound receptor on myeloid cells, it promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production, phagocytosis and cell migration. However, under non-physiologic conditions, such as SIRS and sepsis, leucocyte dysfunction could modify the response of these cells to IL-6. So, our aim was to evaluate the response to IL-6 of monocytes from patients diagnosed with SIRS or sepsis. We observed that monocytes from patients with SIRS, but not from patients with sepsis, produced significantly more TNF-α than monocytes from healthy volunteers, after stimulation with IL-6. Monocytes from SIRS patients had a significantly increased baseline phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, with no differences in STAT3 phosphorylation or SOCS3 levels, compared to monocytes from septic patients, and this increased phosphorylation was maintained during the IL-6 activation. We found no significant differences in the expression levels of the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor, or the serum levels of IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, or soluble gp130, between patients with SIRS and patients with sepsis. Our results suggest that, during systemic inflammation in the absence of infection, IL-6 promotes TNF-α production by activating NF-κB, and not the canonical STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela L Cabrera-Rivera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth L Madera-Sandoval
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Israel León-Pedroza
- Coordinación de Investigación, Unidad 401-C, Urgencias Médicas, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga". Mexico City, Mexico.,Coordinación de Ciclos Básicos, Universidad Anáhuac, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Ferat-Osorio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación en Salud, UMAE Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Salazar-Rios
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Hernández-Aceves
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uriel Guadarrama-Aranda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Constantino López-Macías
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico.,Visiting Professor of Immunology. Nuffield Department of Medicine. University of Oxford, UK
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes A Arriaga-Pizano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica. Centro Medico Nacional "Siglo XXI". Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
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Alnfakh ZA, Al-Mudhafar DH, Al-Nafakh RT, Jasim AE, Hadi NR. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Montelukast on lung sepsis in adult mice. J Med Life 2022; 15:819-827. [PMID: 35928365 PMCID: PMC9321503 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most complex clinical challenges facing medical practice is sepsis-induced lung dysfunction resulting from polymicrobial sepsis. Although many therapeutic approaches have been used in such clinical challenges, there is still further need for a new effective therapeutic approach. The objective of this study was to investigate if Montelukast could protect the lungs during polymicrobial sepsis by regulating inflammatory markers and the oxidative stress pathways. Twenty-four mature male Swiss-albino mice aged 8-12 weeks, with a weight of 20-30 g, were randomized into 4 equal groups (n=6), sham (laparotomy without cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)), CLP (laparotomy with CLP), vehicle 1 (equivalent volume of DMSO 1 hour prior to CLP), Montelukast (10 mg/kg IP 1 hour prior to CLP). Lung tissue pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-1β, IL-17, LTB-4 12(S) HETE, and oxidative stress were assessed using ELISA. The levels of F2 isoprostane were considerably greater in the sepsis group (p<0.05) as compared to the sham group, while Montelukast was significantly lower (p<0.05) in these inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress as compared to the sepsis group. Histologically, the lung tissue damage was significant (p<0.05) in all mice in the sepsis group, while Montelukast significantly reduced lung tissue injury (p<0.05). The current findings indicated that Montelukast could attenuate lung dysfunction during CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis in male mice through their modulating effects on pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress downstream signalling pathways and subsequently decrease lung tissue cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, LTB-4, and 12(S)HETE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Ali Alnfakh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Rana Talib Al-Nafakh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | | | - Najah Raiesh Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Najah Raiesh Hadi, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq. E-mail:
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Mannan S, Tordik PA, Martinho FC, Chivian N, Hirschberg CS. Dental Abscess to Septic Shock: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Endod 2021; 47:663-670. [PMID: 33422573 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, with a mortality rate in excess of 215,000 deaths per year. It may lead to septic shock, a complex pathophysiological process with microbial and host response events that progress to multisystem derangement. There is poor documentation of the relationship between dental infection and septic shock, with only a few case reports of septic shock secondary to dentoalveolar abscess. Presented is a case of sepsis/septic shock in a 23-year-old man with signs and symptoms of pulpal necrosis, acute apical abscess, and canine space infection that rapidly progressed to an altered mental state, hyperthermia, tachycardia, hypotension, acute respiratory failure, diarrhea, renal insufficiency, lactic acidosis, leukocytosis, and hyperglycemia. Once septic shock develops, the mortality rate is nearly 50%. Early antimicrobial intervention is associated with surviving severe sepsis, making it critical for dentists to understand local factors leading to the crisis and the signs and symptoms of the sepsis-septic shock continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mannan
- Endodontics Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patricia A Tordik
- Endodontics Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Frederico C Martinho
- Endodontics Division, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noah Chivian
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Craig S Hirschberg
- Department of Endodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Is an Independent Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Children in the Emergency Department with Suspected Sepsis. J Pediatr 2020; 225:198-206.e2. [PMID: 32553867 PMCID: PMC7529972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on illness severity in children using a database of emergency department ED encounters for children with suspected sepsis, in view of similar associations in adults. STUDY DESIGN Laboratory and clinical data were extracted from a registry of emergency department encounters of children with suspected sepsis between April 1, 2012, and June 26, 2017. International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis DIC scores were calculated from laboratory values obtained within 24 hours of emergency department admission. Univariate logistic regression, multivariable logistic regression, and Cox regression were used to assess the influence of DIC scores on vasopressor use (primary outcome), mortality, ventilator requirement, pediatric intensive care unit admission, and hospital duration (secondary outcomes). The optimal DIC score cutoff for outcome prediction was determined. RESULTS Of 1653 eligible patients, 284 had DIC scores within 24 hours, including 92 who required vasopressors and 23 who died within 1 year. An initial DIC score of ≥3 was the most sensitive and specific DIC score for predicting adverse outcomes. Those with a DIC score of ≥3 vs <3 had increased odds of vasopressor use in both univariate (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 2.63-7.62; P < .001) and multivariable (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.82-7.85; P < .001) analyses. Additionally, those with a DIC score of ≥3 vs <3 had increased 1-year mortality with a hazard ratio of 3.55 (95% CI, 1.46-8.64; P = .005). CONCLUSIONS A DIC score of ≥3 was an independent predictor for both vasopressor use and mortality in this pediatric cohort, distinct from the adult overt DIC score cutoff of ≥5.
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Faim F, Passaglia P, Batalhao M, Lacchini R, Stabile AM, Carnio EC. Role of ghrelin on growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis during endotoxemia. Growth Horm IGF Res 2019; 48-49:36-44. [PMID: 31494533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory property of ghrelin treatment on the Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-1) axis in Wistar rats that have undergone endotoxemia. DESIGN In this randomized animal study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) was administered to induce endotoxemia, and ghrelin (15 nmol/kg; endovenous) was injected simultaneously. Blood and liver samples were collected 2 h, 6 h and 12 h after LPS administration for analysis. MEASUREMENTS Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1, beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 from both blood and liver were determined by ELISA assay. Serum nitrate was determined by chemiluminescense. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR-1a) were determined by western blotting. GHR mRNA and IGF-1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS LPS administration induced a decrease in IGF-1 and GH serum levels, characterizing GH/IGF-1 axis disruption. Ghrelin treatment attenuated the decrease of serum levels of IGF-1 as well as the increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and nitrate induced by LPS. The increase of induced GHSR-1a protein expression seen in the LPS group after 2 h remained until 6 h after ghrelin treatment. However, attenuation of the circulating IGF-1 decrease by ghrelin treatment was not accompanied by changes in GHR protein expression nor GHR and IGF-1 gene expression. CONCLUSION Ghrelin was able to attenuate changes in the GH/IGF-1 axis observed during systemic inflammation, which may be due to the modulation of pro-inflammatory mediators release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Faim
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Passaglia
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Batalhao
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Science, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Angelita Maria Stabile
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Evelin Capellari Carnio
- Department of General and Specialized Nursing, Nursing School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Mediatory roles of leukotriene B 4 receptors in LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5936. [PMID: 30976041 PMCID: PMC6459907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection, is the most common disease in patients treated in intensive care units. Endotoxic shock, the most critical form of sepsis, is caused by gram-negative bacterial infection. However, the detailed mechanism of endotoxic shock remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), inflammatory lipid mediators acting on LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2), was significantly upregulated in peritoneal lavage fluid (PF) and serum from an LPS-induced endotoxic shock mouse model. Furthermore, BLT1/2-dependent signaling pathways mediated the expression of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β, key cytokines for the development of endotoxic shock, via NF-κB activation in the LPS-induced endotoxic shock mouse model. Additionally, inhibition of BLT1/2 significantly attenuated inflammation and tissue damage associated with endotoxic shock and enhanced the survival rate of mice with this inflammatory complication. Together, these results suggest that LTB4 receptors play critical mediatory roles in the development of endotoxic shock. Our findings point to LTB4 receptors as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of endotoxic shock.
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Wang S, Wang Y, Guo X, Li Y, Yan L, Wei C, Zhao M. Endotoxin modulates the electrophysiological characteristics of human embryonic stem cell‐differentiated cardiomyocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019. [PMCID: PMC6585610 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gram‐negative bacteria‐induced infections result in fever, arrhythmia, and even death. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of bacteria, leads to an inflammatory response under sepsis and increase arrhythmogenesis. This study analyzed the effects on human embryonic stem cell‐differentiated cardiomyocytes (HIPSC‐CMs) exposed to LPS. A whole cell patch clamp was used to record the action potential (AP) and ionic currents with or without different doses of LPS in HIPSC‐CMs. Compared with the control, a different dose (0.04, 0.2, 1, and 5 µg/ml) of LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs resulted in a longer AP duration. The IC50 of sodium channel current was 1.254 µg/ml, L‐type calcium channel current was 5 µg/ml, and
Ik channel currents were 1.254 µg/ml. LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs showed a lower sodium channel current, L‐type calcium channel current, and
Ik channel currents. Furthermore, the expressions of Nav1.5 were decreased, and L‐Ca, Kv11.1, and Kv7.1 were increased in LPS‐treated HIPSC‐CMs. LPS‐induced arrhythmogenesis was related to the electrophysiological characteristics of sodium channel current, L‐type calcium channel current, and
Ik channel currents. These results suggest a potential mechanism of cardiomyocyte injury in endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Wang
- First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Yu Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xin Guo
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Yingji Li
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Li Yan
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Chengxi Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio‐Cerebral Vascular System Tongliao Inner Mongolia China
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12
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Liang Q, Liu H, Li X, Hairong P, Sun P, Yang Y, Du C. High-throughput metabolic profiling, combined with chemometrics and bioinformatic analysis reveals functional alterations in myocardial dysfunction. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3351-3358. [PMID: 35548688 PMCID: PMC9087870 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput metabolic profiling technology has been used for biomarker discovery and to reveal underlying metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Han Liu
- Simon Fraser University (SFU)
- Burnaby
- Canada
| | - Xiuli Li
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Panguo Hairong
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Peiyang Sun
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Yang Yang
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
| | - Chunpeng Du
- ICU Center
- First Affiliated Hospital
- School of Pharmacy
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
- Harbin 150040
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Organ-specific changes in vascular reactivity and roles of inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in a rabbit endotoxic shock model. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 85:725-733. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang Z, Cheng F, Yan G, Xiong L, Liu H. Propofol protects against endotoxin-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:2032-2036. [PMID: 29434801 PMCID: PMC5776645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether propofol protects against endotoxin-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Thirty clean male SD rats were randomly divided into a control (n=10), a model (n=10) and a propofol group (n=10). The model and propofol groups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the caudal vein to establish animal models of myocardial injury. At the same time, the control group was injected with normal saline via the caudal vein. At 30 min after the injections, the propofol group was treated with a continuous intravenous infusion of propofol, the control and model groups were injected with normal saline, and the three groups were treated continuously for 4 h. The changes in levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in myocardial tissues was detected via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression levels of NF-κB, Bax and Bcl-2 in atrial muscles in each group were measured via Western blotting. The damage of myocardial tissues was detected via hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining of tissues. Our results showed that compared with those in control group, the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum in the model and propofol groups were significantly higher; however, the levels in the model group, were significantly higher than those in the propofol group (P<0.01). The mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB in the propofol group were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.01). Likewise, the protein expression levels of Bax were significantly lower, while those of Bcl-2 were significantly increased. H&E staining showed that the myocardial tissues in the model group were damaged significantly, but the damage in the propofol group was significantly less severe. Based on our findings, it seems propofol can indeed protect against endotoxin-induced myocardial injury through its inhibition of the NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Lang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
| | - Huizhang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, Hubei 436000, P.R. China
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da Silva LS, Catalão CHR, Felippotti TT, de Oliveira- Pelegrin GR, Petenusci S, de Freitas LAP, Rocha MJA. Curcumin suppresses inflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein 70 release and improves metabolic parameters during experimental sepsis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:269-276. [PMID: 27927067 PMCID: PMC6130593 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1260598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Curcumin has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic properties, besides reducing mortality in sepsis. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the biological activities of a curcumin dispersion formulated by spray-drying in experimental sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP), controls were sham operated. The animals were treated with curcumin dispersion (100 mg/kg, p.o.) or water for 7 days prior to CLP and at 2 h after surgery. One group was used to analyze curcumin absorption through HPLC; another had the survival rate assessed during 48 h; and from a third group, blood was collected by decapitation to analyze metabolic and inflammatory parameters. RESULTS The plasma curcumin levels reached 2.5 ng/mL at 4 h, dropped significantly (p < 0.001) at 6 h (1.2 ng/mL), and were undetectable at 24 h in both groups. Curcumin temporarily increased the survival rate of the septic rats by 20%. Moreover, it attenuated glycaemia (p < 0.05) and volemia (p < 0.05) alterations typically observed during sepsis, and decreased the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in plasma (p < 0.001) and peritoneal lavage fluid (p < 0.05) of septic rats. Serum HSP70 levels were decreased (p < 0.01) at 24 h after CLP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results show that the curcumin dispersion dose employed was not detrimental to the septic rats. In fact, it temporarily increased their survival rate, improved important metabolic parameters, reduced proinflammatory cytokines and HSP70 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letycia Silvano da Silva
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Rocha Catalão
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tocchini Felippotti
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Petenusci
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Alexandre Pedro de Freitas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria José Alves Rocha
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nemeth N, Berhes M, Kiss F, Hajdu E, Deak A, Molnar A, Szabo J, Fulesdi B. Early hemorheological changes in a porcine model of intravenously given E. coli induced fulminant sepsis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:479-96. [PMID: 25536919 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of hemorheological and microcirculatory disturbances in septic process -mostly during the early hours- still not clarified in all the details, yet. In anesthetized pigs living E. coli (ATCC 25922 strain) was administered intravenously with an increasing concentration and the animals were observed for 8 hours. Before the intervention and in every 2 hours arterial (cannulated femoral artery) and venous (cannulated external jugular vein) blood samples were collected for hemorheological laboratory tests: blood and plasma viscosity, ESR, leukocyte anti-sedimentation rate, erythrocyte deformability (together with osmoscan parameters) and erythrocyte aggregation (using light-transmission and laser back-scattering methods) Control animals were stable over the 8-hour anesthesia, while septic animals died by the 6th hours in a fulminant sepsis. Over the experimental period, the tendency of impairment in erythrocyte deformability (together with osmotic gradient ektacytometry parameters) and the controversial decreasing of erythrocyte aggregation values (declining all aggregation index values, elongating t1/2) were well detected in this porcine model during the early hours (4- 6) of fulminant sepsis. The in vitro effect of these bacteria on erythrocytes' micro-rheological parameter was similar: decreasing red blood cell deformability and lowering aggregation. Further studies are needed to clarify the early micro-rheological changes of bacteremia and the developing sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Nemeth
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Berhes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kiss
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre Hajdu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Deak
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abel Molnar
- Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bela Fulesdi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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Heitrich M, García DMDLÁ, Stoyanoff TR, Rodríguez JP, Todaro JS, Aguirre MV. Erythropoietin attenuates renal and pulmonary injury in polymicrobial induced-sepsis through EPO-R, VEGF and VEGF-R2 modulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:606-13. [PMID: 27470403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains the most important cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung injury (ALI) in critically ill patients. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model in experimental mice reproduces most of the clinical features of sepsis. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a well-known cytoprotective multifunctional hormone, which exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects in several tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of EPO protection through the expression of the EPO/EPO receptor (EPO-R) and VEGF/VEF-R2 systems in kidneys and lungs of mice undergoing CLP-induced sepsis. Male inbred Balb/c mice were divided in three experimental groups: Sham, CLP, and CLP+EPO (3000IU/kg sc). Assessment of renal functional parameters, survival, histological examination, immunohistochemistry and/or Western blottings of EPO-R, VEGF and VEGF-R2 were performed at 18h post-surgery. Mice demonstrated AKI by elevation of serum creatinine and renal histologic damage. EPO treatment attenuates renal dysfunction and ameliorates kidney histopathologic changes. Additionally, EPO administration attenuates deleterious septic damage in renal cortex through the overexpression of EPO-R in tubular interstitial cells and the overexpression of the pair VEGF/VEGF-R2. Similarly CLP- induced ALI, as evidenced by parenchymal lung histopathologic alterations, was ameliorated through pulmonary EPO-R, VEGF and VEGF-R2 over expression suggesting and improvement in endothelial survival and functionality. This study demonstrates that EPO exerts protective effects in kidneys and lungs in mice with CLP-induced sepsis through the expression of EPO-R and the regulation of the VEGF/VEGF-R2 pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Heitrich
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Daiana Maria de Los Ángeles García
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Tania Romina Stoyanoff
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - Juan Santiago Todaro
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina
| | - María Victoria Aguirre
- Laboratory of Biochemical Investigations (LIBIM), School of Medicine, IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National Northeastern University (UNNE), Argentina.
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The C-terminal Domain Supports a Novel Function for CETPI as a New Plasma Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16091. [PMID: 26537318 PMCID: PMC4633601 DOI: 10.1038/srep16091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Described by our group a few years ago, the cholesteryl-ester transfer protein isoform (CETPI), exclusively expressed in the small intestine and present in human plasma, lacked a functional identification for a role of physiological relevance. Now, this study introduces CETPI as a new protein with the potential capability to recognise, bind and neutralise lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Peptides derived from the C-terminal domain of CETPI showed that CETPI not only might interact with several LPS serotypes but also might displace LPS bound to the surface of cells. Peptide VSAK, derived from the last 18 residues of CETPI, protected against the cytotoxic effect of LPS on macrophages. At high concentrations, when different cell types were tested in culture, it did not exhibit cytotoxicity by itself and it did prevent the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as the generation of oxidative stress conditions. In a rabbit model of septic shock, the infusion of peptide VSAK exerted a protective effect against the effects of LPS and reduced the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) in plasma. Therefore, CETPI is proposed as a new protein with the capability to advance the possibilities for better understanding and treatment of the dangerous effects of LPS in vivo.
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Mederle K, Meurer M, Castrop H, Höcherl K. Inhibition of COX-1 attenuates the formation of thromboxane A2 and ameliorates the acute decrease in glomerular filtration rate in endotoxemic mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F332-40. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00567.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane (Tx) A2 has been suggested to be involved in the development of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, we investigated the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced renal TxA2 formation, and on endotoxemia-induced AKI in mice. Injection of LPS (3 mg/kg ip) decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the amount of thrombocytes to ∼50% of basal values after 4 h. Plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2 were increased ∼10- and 1.7-fold in response to LPS, respectively. The COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 attenuated the LPS-induced fall in GFR and in platelet count to ∼75% of basal levels. Furthermore, SC-560 abolished the increase in plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2 in response to LPS. The COX-2 inhibitor SC-236 further enhanced the LPS-induced decrease in GFR to ∼40% of basal values. SC-236 did not alter thrombocyte levels nor the LPS-induced increase in plasma and renocortical tissue levels of TxB2. Pretreatment with clopidogrel inhibited the LPS-induced drop in thrombocyte count, but did not attenuate the LPS-induced decrease in GFR and the increase in plasma TxB2 levels. This study demonstrates that endotoxemia-induced TxA2 formation depends on the activity of COX-1. Our study further indicates that the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 has a protective effect on the decrease in renal function in response to endotoxin. Therefore, our data support a role for TxA2 in the development of AKI in response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mederle
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Manuel Meurer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Klaus Höcherl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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20
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The effect of Na-selenite treatment on the oxidative stress-antioxidants balance of multiple organ failure. J Crit Care 2014; 29:883.e7-11. [PMID: 24866022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study tested the hypothesis that sodium (Na)-selenite expression treatment can reduce oxidative stress and increase plasma antioxidants, whereas modulating white blood cell antigen expression in severe sepsis. Selenite is a well known cofactor of glutathione peroxidases and other antioxidant enzymes; therefore, one may expect an antioxidant effect of treatment. MATERIALS We randomized 40 severe septic patients into treatment and control groups. Treatment group (n = 21) received 1000-μg/2 hours Na-selenite load, followed by a 1000-μg/die medication. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, maximal free radical production, and plasma antioxidants: free sulfhydryl groups, glutathione levels, and superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activity were measured. RESULTS According to our results, the treatment regime successfully restored serum selenium levels. Treatment group developed a significant malondialdehyde increase by the fifth study day, whereas reactive oxygen species production decreased significantly. Reduced glutathione and plasma sulfhydryl groups showed no significant difference. Treatment group showed deteriorated expression of CD11a and slight increase of CD49d expression on monocytes throughout our study. CONCLUSIONS Although our Na-selenite treatment regime successfully restored the selenium deficiency of severe septic patients, antioxidant and white blood cell antigen expression modulating effect of the therapy was not observed in our patient group.
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21
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Interleukin 1β attenuates vascular α1 adrenergic receptors expression following lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in rabbits. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76:762-70. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182ab0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bleiblo F, Michael P, Brabant D, Ramana CV, Tai T, Saleh M, Parrillo JE, Kumar A, Kumar A. Bacterial RNA induces myocyte cellular dysfunction through the activation of PKR. J Thorac Dis 2012; 4:114-25. [PMID: 22833816 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2012.01.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Severe sepsis and the ensuing septic shock are serious life threatening conditions. These diseases are triggered by the host's over exuberant systemic response to the infecting pathogen. Several surveillance mechanisms have evolved to discriminate self from foreign RNA and accordingly trigger effective cellular responses to target the pathogenic threats. The RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a key component of the cytoplasmic RNA sensors involved in the recognition of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Here, we identify bacterial RNA as a distinct pathogenic pattern recognized by PKR. Our results indicate that natural RNA derived from bacteria directly binds to and activates PKR. We further show that bacterial RNA induces human cardiac myocyte apoptosis and identify the requirement for PKR in mediating this response. In addition to bacterial immunity, the results presented here may also have implications in cardiac pathophysiology.
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Li Volti G, Musumeci T, Pignatello R, Murabito P, Barbagallo I, Carbone C, Gullo A, Puglisi G. Antioxidant potential of different melatonin-loaded nanomedicines in an experimental model of sepsis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:670-677. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been shown to play a major role in the complex pathophysiological processes leading to organ failure during sepsis. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of different melatonin nanoparticle (NP) carriers in an experimental animal model of sepsis. Poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA [NP-A]) and polyethylene glycol-co-(poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG [NP-B]) were used to obtain melatonin-loaded nanocarriers (10 mg/kg). Oxidative stress was measured in tissue homogenates by measuring heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, total thiol groups and lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH). In vitro NPs showed a long lag time followed by a controlled release of melatonin. All the different melatonin formulations restored total thiol group levels to those of controls in all the examined organs, with no significant changes among them. Both melatonin NP formulations significantly decreased LOOH levels when compared with sepsis vehicle animals. The stealth formulation NP-B was able to produce a more significant reduction in LOOH levels in the heart, lung and liver when compared with NP-A. No significant changes were observed between the two NP formulations in the kidney. Interestingly, HO-1 expression was differently affected following treatment with various melatonin formulations. The NP-B formulation was more effective in inducing HO-1 protein compared with free melatonin and NP-A, with the exception of the kidney. Taken together, our results show that melatonin possesses a significant antioxidant activity during sepsis and that it is possible to improve this ability by delivering the compound with specific drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria
| | | | - Paolo Murabito
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico University Hospital, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria
| | - Antonino Gullo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico University Hospital, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria
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Studena S, Martinkova J, Slizova D, Krs O, Senkerik M, Springer D, Chládek J. A Rat Model of Early Sepsis: Relationships between Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics and Systemic and Renal Effects of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Combined with Interleukin-2. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1703-10. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Studena
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague
| | - Jirina Martinkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague
| | - Dasa Slizova
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague
| | - Otakar Krs
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague
| | - Marian Senkerik
- Department of Pediatrics, Teaching Hospital in Hradec Kralove
| | - Drahomira Springer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General Teaching Hospital in Prague
| | - Jaroslav Chládek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague
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