1
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Suri C, Pande B, Sahithi LS, Sahu T, Verma HK. Interplay between Lung Diseases and Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:2030. [PMID: 39458339 PMCID: PMC11510474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between chronic lung diseases and viral infections is a significant concern in respiratory medicine. We explore how pre-existing lung conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and interstitial lung diseases, influence susceptibility, severity, and outcomes of viral infections. We also examine how viral infections exacerbate and accelerate the progression of lung disease by disrupting immune responses and triggering inflammatory pathways. By summarizing current evidence, this review highlights the bidirectional nature of these interactions, where underlying lung diseasesincrease vulnerability to viral infections, while these infections, in turn, worsen the clinical course. This review underscores the importance of preventive measures, such as vaccination, early detection, and targeted therapies, to mitigate adverse outcomes in patients with chronic lung conditions. The insights provided aim to inform clinical strategies that can improve patient management and reduce the burden of chronic lung diseases exacerbated by viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahat Suri
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Babita Pande
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, India; (B.P.); (T.S.)
| | | | - Tarun Sahu
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur 492099, India; (B.P.); (T.S.)
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
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2
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Soni S, Antonescu L, Ro K, Horowitz JC, Mebratu YA, Nho RS. Influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and Their Impact on Chronic Lung Diseases and Fibrosis: Exploring Therapeutic Options. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1807-1822. [PMID: 39032604 PMCID: PMC11423761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections represent a significant global public health concern, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations such as children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. RNA viruses, particularly influenza viruses and coronaviruses, significantly contribute to respiratory illnesses, especially in immunosuppressed and elderly individuals. Influenza A viruses (IAVs) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to pose global health threats due to their capacity to cause annual epidemics, with profound implications for public health. In addition, the increase in global life expectancy is influencing the dynamics and outcomes of respiratory viral infections. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which IAVs and SARS-CoV-2 contribute to lung disease progression is therefore crucial. The aim of this review is to comprehensively explore the impact of IAVs and SARS-CoV-2 on chronic lung diseases, with a specific focus on pulmonary fibrosis in the elderly. It also outlines potential preventive and therapeutic strategies and suggests directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Soni
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Laura Antonescu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kaylin Ro
- Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, California
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yohannes A Mebratu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Richard S Nho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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3
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Rivera JJ, Aristizábal-Guzmán C, Isaza-Ruget MA, Álvarez-Moreno CA. Host Transcriptional Regulatory Genes and Microbiome Networks Crosstalk through Immune Receptors Establishing Normal and Tumor Multiomics Metafirm of the Oral-Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16638. [PMID: 38068961 PMCID: PMC10706695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has shown a correlation with the diet and lifestyle of each population in health and disease, the ability to communicate at the cellular level with the host through innate and adaptative immune receptors, and therefore an important role in modulating inflammatory process related to the establishment and progression of cancer. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment, allowing the entry of an important number of microorganisms and their passage across the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In this review, the contribution of the microbiome network to the establishment of systemic diseases like cancer is analyzed through their synergistic interactions and bidirectional crosstalk in the oral-gut-lung axis as well as its communication with the host cells. Moreover, the impact of the characteristic microbiota of each population in the formation of the multiomics molecular metafirm of the oral-gut-lung axis is also analyzed through state-of-the-art sequencing techniques, which allow a global study of the molecular processes involved of the flow of the microbiota environmental signals through cancer-related cells and its relationship with the establishment of the transcription factor network responsible for the control of regulatory processes involved with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Javier López-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Specialized Laboratory, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Claudia Aristizábal-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Mario Arturo Isaza-Ruget
- Keralty, Sanitas International Organization, Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
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4
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Han L, Haefner V, Yu Y, Han B, Ren H, Irmler M, Beckers J, Liu Q, Feuchtinger A, Yildirim AO, Adler H, Stoeger T. Nanoparticle-Exposure-Triggered Virus Reactivation Induces Lung Emphysema in Mice. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21056-21072. [PMID: 37856828 PMCID: PMC10655245 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) released from engineered materials or combustion processes as well as persistent herpesvirus infection are omnipresent and are associated with chronic lung diseases. Previously, we showed that pulmonary exposure of a single dose of soot-like carbonaceous NPs (CNPs) or fiber-shaped double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) induced an increase of lytic virus protein expression in mouse lungs latently infected with murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), with a similar pattern to acute infection suggesting virus reactivation. Here we investigate the effects of a more relevant repeated NP exposure on lung disease development as well as herpesvirus reactivation mechanistically and suggest an avenue for therapeutic prevention. In the MHV-68 mouse model, progressive lung inflammation and emphysema-like injury were detected 1 week after repetitive CNP and DWCNT exposure. NPs reactivated the latent herpesvirus mainly in CD11b+ macrophages in the lungs. In vitro, in persistently MHV-68 infected bone marrow-derived macrophages, ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK were rapidly activated after CNP and DWCNT exposure, followed by viral gene expression and increased viral titer but without generating a pro-inflammatory signature. Pharmacological inhibition of p38 activation abrogated CNP- but not DWCNT-triggered virus reactivation in vitro, and inhibitor pretreatment of latently infected mice attenuated CNP-exposure-induced pulmonary MHV-68 reactivation. Our findings suggest a crucial contribution of particle-exposure-triggered herpesvirus reactivation for nanomaterial exposure or air pollution related lung emphysema development, and pharmacological p38 inhibition might serve as a protective target to alleviate air pollution related chronic lung disease exacerbations. Because of the required precondition of latent infection described here, the use of single hit models might have severe limitations when assessing the respiratory toxicity of nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyong Han
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Haefner
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department
of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 211166 Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory
of Translational Research “Stress and Immunity”, Department
of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hongyu Ren
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute
of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute
of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center
for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische
Universität München, Chair
of Experimental Genetics, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Feuchtinger
- Research
Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Oender Yildirim
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute
of Experimental Pneumology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Adler
- Institute
of Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz
Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Walther Straub
Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Stoeger
- Institute
of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research
Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Member
of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
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5
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Özkan B, Altuntaş E, Ünlü Ü, Doğan HH, Özsoy Y, Çakır Koç R. Development of an Antiviral Ion-Activated In Situ Gel Containing 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid: A Promising Alternative against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2055. [PMID: 37631269 PMCID: PMC10458153 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of serious lower respiratory infections and poses a considerable risk to public health globally. Only a few treatments are currently used to treat RSV infections, and there is no RSV vaccination. Therefore, the need for clinically applicable, affordable, and safe RSV prevention and treatment solutions is urgent. In this study, an ion-activated in situ gelling formulation containing the broad-spectrum antiviral 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) was developed for its antiviral effect on RSV. In this context, pH, mechanical characteristics, ex vivo mucoadhesive strength, in vitro drug release pattern, sprayability, drug content, and stability were all examined. Rheological characteristics were also tested using in vitro gelation capacity and rheological synergism tests. Finally, the cytotoxic and antiviral activities of the optimized in situ gelling formulation on RSV cultured in the human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cell line were evaluated. In conclusion, the optimized formulation prepared with a combination of 0.5% w/w gellan gum and 0.5% w/w sodium carboxymethylcellulose demonstrated good gelation capacity and sprayability (weight deviation between the first day of the experiment (T0) and the last day of the experiment (T14) was 0.34%), desired rheological synergism (mucoadhesive force (Fb): 9.53 Pa), mechanical characteristics (adhesiveness: 0.300 ± 0.05 mJ), ex vivo bioadhesion force (19.67 ± 1.90 g), drug content uniformity (RSD%: 0.494), and sustained drug release over a period of 6 h (24.56% ± 0.49). The optimized formulation demonstrated strong anti-hRSV activity (simultaneous half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 0.05 µg/mL; selectivity index (SI) = 306; pre-infection EC50 = 0.154 µg/mL; SI = 100), which was significantly higher than that of ribavirin (EC50 = 4.189 µg/mL; SI = 28) used as a positive control against hRSV, according to the results of the antiviral activity test. In conclusion, this study showed that nasal in situ gelling spray can prevent viral infection and replication by directly inhibiting viral entry or modulating viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Özkan
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Altuntaş
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Ümmühan Ünlü
- Elderly Care Program, Ataturk Health Services Vocational School, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey;
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Doğan
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey;
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey;
| | - Rabia Çakır Koç
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey;
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6
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Wrede D, Bordak M, Abraham Y, Mehedi M. Pulmonary Pathogen-Induced Epigenetic Modifications. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:13. [PMID: 37489401 PMCID: PMC10366755 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics generally involves genetic control by factors other than our own DNA sequence. Recent research has focused on delineating the mechanisms of two major epigenetic phenomena: DNA methylation and histone modification. As epigenetics involves many cellular processes, it is no surprise that it can also influence disease-associated gene expression. A direct link between respiratory infections, host cell epigenetic regulations, and chronic lung diseases is still unknown. Recent studies have revealed bacterium- or virus-induced epigenetic changes in the host cells. In this review, we focused on respiratory pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and fungi) induced epigenetic modulations (DNA methylation and histone modification) that may contribute to lung disease pathophysiology by promoting host defense or allowing pathogen persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Masfique Mehedi
- School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (D.W.); (M.B.); (Y.A.)
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7
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Mulet A, Núñez-Gil IJ, Carbonell JA, Soriano JB, Viana-Llamas MC, Raposeiras-Roubin S, Romero R, Alfonso-Rodríguez E, Uribarri A, Feltes G, Becerra-Muñoz VM, Santoro F, Pepe M, Castro-Mejía AF, Chipayo D, Corbi-Pascual M, López-Pais J, Vedia O, Manzone E, Molina-Romera G, Espejo-Paeres C, López-Masjuan Á, Velicki L, Fernández-Ortiz A, El-Battrawy I, Signes-Costa J. Clinical Profile and Determinants of Mortality in Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease Admitted for COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113821. [PMID: 37298018 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern has risen about the effects of COVID-19 in interstitial lung disease (ILD) patients. The aim of our study was to determine clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ILD patients admitted for COVID-19. METHODS Ancillary analysis of an international, multicenter COVID-19 registry (HOPE: Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation) was performed. The subgroup of ILD patients was selected and compared with the rest of the cohort. RESULTS A total of 114 patients with ILDs were evaluated. Mean ± SD age was 72.4 ± 13.6 years, and 65.8% were men. ILD patients were older, had more comorbidities, received more home oxygen therapy and more frequently had respiratory failure upon admission than non-ILD patients (all p < 0.05). In laboratory findings, ILD patients more frequently had elevated LDH, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels (all p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that chronic kidney disease and respiratory insufficiency on admission were predictors of ventilatory support, and that older age, kidney disease and elevated LDH were predictors of death. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that ILD patients admitted for COVID-19 are older, have more comorbidities, more frequently require ventilatory support and have higher mortality than those without ILDs. Older age, kidney disease and LDH were independent predictors of mortality in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Mulet
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Iván J Núñez-Gil
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joan B Soriano
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Viana-Llamas
- Intensive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin
- National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Department of Cardiology, Álvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Romero
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aitor Uribarri
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Vall D'Hebrón, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Feltes
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Vithas Arturo Soria, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor M Becerra-Muñoz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francesco Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Martino Pepe
- Cardiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alex F Castro-Mejía
- Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - David Chipayo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Cáceres, 10004 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Miguel Corbi-Pascual
- Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Javier López-Pais
- Department of Cardiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005 Ourense, Spain
| | - Oscar Vedia
- Instituto de Investigación, Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Germán Molina-Romera
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro López-Masjuan
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramon Jimenez, 21005 Huelva, Spain
| | - Lazar Velicki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Vojvodina, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Antonio Fernández-Ortiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jaime Signes-Costa
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Kurai D, Song J, Huang YC, Jie Z, Atanasov P, Jiang X, Hernandez-Pastor L, Huang THW, Park S, Lim K, Richmond PC. Targeted Literature Review of the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Infection among High-Risk and Elderly Patients in Asia Pacific Region. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:807-828. [PMID: 36869266 PMCID: PMC10017894 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00777-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which causes acute respiratory illness, is well recognized among the pediatric population but also imposes a significant risk to the elderly (age ≥ 60) and those with underlying comorbidities. The study aimed to review the most recent data on epidemiology and burden (clinical and economic) of RSV in the elderly/high-risk populations in China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Australia. METHODS A targeted review was conducted of English, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese language articles published from 1 January 2010 to 7 October 2020 relevant for the purpose. RESULTS A total of 881 studies were identified, and 41 were included. The median proportion of elderly patients with RSV in all adult patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) or community acquired pneumonia was 79.78% (71.43-88.12%) in Japan, 48.00% (3.64-80.00%) in China, 41.67% (33.33-50.00%) in Taiwan, 38.61% in Australia, and 28.57% (22.76-33.33%) in South Korea. RSV was associated with a high clinical burden on those patients with comorbidities such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In China, inpatients with ARI showed a significantly higher rate of RSV-related hospitalization than outpatients (13.22% versus 4.08%, p < 0.01). The median length of hospital stay among elderly patients with RSV was longest in Japan (30 days) and shortest in China (7 days). Mortality data varied by region with some studies reporting rates as high as 12.00% (9/75) in hospitalized elderly patients. Finally, data on the economic burden was only available for South Korea, with the median cost of a medical admission for an elderly patient with RSV being US dollar (USD) 2933. CONCLUSION RSV infection is a major source of disease burden among elderly patients, especially in regions with aging populations. It also complicates the management of those with underlying diseases. Appropriate prevention strategies are required to reduce the burden among the adult, especially the elderly, population. Data gaps regarding economic burden of RSV infection in the Asia Pacific region indicates the need for further research to increase our understanding on the burden of this disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JoonYoung Song
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Zhijun Jie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Petar Atanasov
- Health Economics and Market Access, Amaris Consulting, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaobin Jiang
- Health Economics and Market Access, Amaris Consulting, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - KyungHwa Lim
- Asia Pacific Market Access, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Peter C Richmond
- University of Western Australia Medical School, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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9
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Adnot S, Bernard D, Lipskaia L, Trottein F. [Cell senescence, a new target for respiratory viral infections: From influenza virus to SARS-CoV-2]. BULLETIN DE L'ACADEMIE NATIONALE DE MEDECINE 2023; 207:193-198. [PMID: 36624738 PMCID: PMC9812359 DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells in tissues is a key process of aging and age-related diseases, including lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, or cancer. In recent years, the spectrum of respiratory diseases associated with cellular senescence has been broadened, in particular acute viral pulmonary infections, foremost among which is coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), which is particularly severe in the elderly or in subjects with comorbidities. Influenza virus infection, which strikes more severely at the extreme ages of life, is also associated with severe pulmonary senescence. Cellular senescence potentially represents an original target for attacking these diseases, although its specific mechanisms remain largely misunderstood. New anti-senescent therapeutic approaches are thus proposed during severe viral pulmonary infections, with the aim of preventing acute effects and/or, in the longer term, pulmonary sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Adnot
- Inserm U955 et département de physiologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP–HP, FHU- SENEC, université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France,Auteur correspondant. Hôpital Henri Mondor, service de physiologie-explorations fonctionnelles, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - D. Bernard
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Inserm, U1052 - UMR 5286, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, centre Léon Bérard, 69373 Lyon, France
| | - L. Lipskaia
- Inserm U955 et département de physiologie, hôpital Henri-Mondor, AP–HP, FHU- SENEC, université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - F. Trottein
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU de Lille, institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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10
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Xu L, Zhou L, Yan C, Li L. Emerging role of N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation in lung diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:1862-1872. [PMID: 36278325 PMCID: PMC9679358 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221128564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the increase of air pollution, smoking, aging, and respiratory infection, the incidence rate and mortality of lung diseases are increasing annually, which has become a major hazard to human health. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation is the most abundant modifications in eukaryotes, and such modified RNA can be specifically recognized and combined by m6A recognition proteins and then mediate RNA splicing, maturation, enucleation, degradation, and translation. More and more studies have revealed that the m6A modification is involved in the pathogenesis and development of some diseases; however, the mechanisms of m6A in lung diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the biological function of m6A modifications in lung diseases and discuss the potential therapeutic and prognostic strategies. The dysregulation of global m6A levels and m6A regulators may affect the occurrence and development of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and other lung diseases through inflammation and immune function. In lung cancer, this modification has an important impact on malignant cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and drug resistance. In addition, abnormally changed m6A-modified proteins in lung cancer tissue samples and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers of lung cancer. Models composed of multiple m6A regulators can be used to evaluate the risk prediction or prognosis of asthma and pulmonary fibrosis. In general, the in-depth study of m6A modifications is a frontier direction in disease research. It provides novel insights for understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease occurrence, development, and drug resistance, as well as for the development of effective novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Xu
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Chenxin Yan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou 313000, China,Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou 313000, China,Liqin Li.
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11
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Strykowski R, Patel DC, Neto MR, Hena KM, Gulati M, Maier LIA, Patterson K. Rationale and design of the SARCoidosis Outcomes in all respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases (SARCOVID) Study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2022; 9:9/1/e001254. [PMID: 35882424 PMCID: PMC9329732 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory infections are ubiquitous. The COVID-19 pandemic has refocused our attention on how morbid and potentially fatal they can be, and how host factors have an impact on the clinical course and outcomes. Due to a range of vulnerabilities, patients with sarcoidosis may be at higher risk of poor outcomes from respiratory infections. The objective of the SARCoidosis Outcomes in all respiratory Viral Infectious Diseases (SARCOVID) Study is to determine the short-term and long-term impacts of respiratory viral illnesses (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19) in sarcoidosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Up to 20 clinical sites across the USA are participating in the recruitment of 2000 patients for this observational, prospective study. To ensure that the study cohort is representative of the general population with sarcoidosis, participating sites include those dedicated to reaching under-represented minorities or patients from non-urban areas. Baseline data on demographic features, comorbidities, sarcoidosis characteristics and pre-enrolment lung function will be captured at study entry. During this 3-year study, all acute respiratory infectious events (from SARS-CoV-2 and any other respiratory pathogen) will be assessed and recorded at quarterly intervals. The level of required medical care and survival outcomes determine infection severity, and the impact of infection on quality of life measures will be recorded. Post-infection lung function and imaging results will measure the long-term impact on the trajectory of sarcoidosis. Patients will be analysed according to the clinical phenotypes of cardiac and fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis. Control groups include non-infected patients with sarcoidosis and patients with non-sarcoidosis interstitial lung disease. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Each site received local institutional review board approval prior to enrolling patients, with the consent process determined by local institution standards. Data will be published in a timely manner (goal <12 months) at the conclusion of the 3-year follow-up period and will be made available upon request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Strykowski
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Divya C Patel
- Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Manny Ribeiro Neto
- Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kerry M Hena
- Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mridu Gulati
- Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - LIsa A Maier
- Divisions of Cardiology and Pulmonary Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Karen Patterson
- Medicine, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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12
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Papaioannou AI, Fouka E, Tzanakis N, Antoniou K, Samitas K, Zervas E, Kostikas K, Bartziokas K, Porpodis K, Papakosta D, Tzouvelekis A, Gerogianni I, Kotsiou O, Makris M, Rovina N, Vlachou G, Markatos M, Vittorakis S, Katsoulis K, Papanikolaou I, Afthinos A, Katsaounou P, Steiropoulos P, Latsios D, Dimakou K, Koukidou S, Hillas G, Tryfon S, Kallieri M, Georgopoulou A, Avarlis P, Bakakos P, Markopoulou K, Gaki E, Paspala A, Kyriakaki Z, Gourgoulianis KI, Papiris S, Loukides S. SARS-Cov-2 Infection in Severe Asthma Patients Treated With Biologics. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY: IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:2588-2595. [PMID: 35752436 PMCID: PMC9222651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background At the beginning of the pandemic, there have been considerable concerns regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and outcomes in patients with severe asthma treated with biologics. Objective To prospectively observe a cohort of severe asthmatics treated with biologics for the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and disease severity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Physicians from centers treating patients with severe asthma all over Greece provided demographic and medical data regarding their patients treated with biologics. Physicians were also asked to follow up patients during the pandemic and to perform a polymerase chain reaction test in case of a suspected SARS-Cov-2 infection. Results Among the 591 severe asthmatics (63.5% female) included in the study, 219 (37.1%) were treated with omalizumab, 358 (60.6%) with mepolizumab, and 14 (2.4%) with benralizumab. In total, 26 patients (4.4%) had a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 9 (34.6%) of whom were admitted to the hospital because of severe COVID-19, and 1 required mechanical ventilation and died 19 days after admission. Of the 26 infected patients, 5 (19.2%) experienced asthma control deterioration, characterized as exacerbation that required treatment with systemic corticosteroids. The scheduled administration of the biological therapy was performed timely in all patients with the exception of 2, in whom it was postponed for 1 week according to their doctors’ suggestion. Conclusion Our study confirms that despite the initial concerns, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not more common in asthmatics treated with biologics compared with the general population, whereas the use of biologic treatments for severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic does not seem to be related to adverse outcomes from severe COVID-19.
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13
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Zheng X, Zhang T, Huang T, Zhou Y, Gao J. Cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers for targeted therapy of pulmonary disease. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121757. [PMID: 35447225 PMCID: PMC9014644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases are currently one of the major threats of human health, especially considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, the current treatments are facing the challenges like insufficient local drug concentrations, the fast lung clearance and risks to induce unexpected inflammation. Cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers are recently emerged delivery strategy, showing advantages of long circulation time, excellent biocompatibility and immune escape ability. In this review, applications of using cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from diverse cell sources for the targeted therapy of pulmonary disease were summarized. In addition, improvements of the cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers for augmented therapeutic ability against different kinds of pulmonary diseases were introduced. This review is expected to provide a general guideline for the potential applications of cell-derived membrane biomimetic nanocarriers to treat pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zheng
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tianyuan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Zhejiang Huanling Pharmaceutical Technology Company, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321002, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Buendia-Roldan I, Valenzuela C, Selman M. Pulmonary fibrosis in the time of COVID-19. Arch Bronconeumol 2022; 58 Suppl 1:6-7. [PMID: 35491285 PMCID: PMC9012509 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivette Buendia-Roldan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Valenzuela
- Instituto de Investigación Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Kathar Hussain MR, Kulasekaran N, Anand AM, Danassegarane PR. COVID-19 causing acute deterioration of interstitial lung disease: a case report. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7868896 DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by multifocal diffuse lung involvement. Similarly, COVID-19 has varied multispectral organ involvement. Patients with underlying ILD and coexistent COVID-19 infection may lead to an acute blow to the already deceased lung.
Case presentation
A 58-year-old man presented with fever and cough with expectoration for the past 4 days associated with breathlessness. He was a smoker and alcoholic for the past 20 years. His saturation was low in room air around 84% and improved to 98% with 10 l/min of nasal oxygen. Further investigation shows acute deterioration of ILD.
Conclusion
COVID-19 infection has a spectrum of manifestations. Acute deterioration of ILD is rarely reported in the literature. Etiology should be investigated further.
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Andreoni M, Sticchi L, Nozza S, Sarmati L, Gori A, Tavio M. Recommendations of the Italian society for infectious and tropical diseases (SIMIT) for adult vaccinations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:4265-4282. [PMID: 34524945 PMCID: PMC8828129 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1971473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination prevents 2-3 million deaths worldwide every year. Nevertheless, vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) still cause a considerable number of deaths especially in subjects belonging to "risk groups." These are represented by older adults, immunocompromised individuals and all subjects with underlying chronic medical conditions (cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal and liver chronic diseases, diabetes, immunodeficiency disorders). They have a weaker immune system and, if infected, are more likely to develop severe complications of their condition or of the preventable-infectious disease. This document summarizes the recommendations for vaccination of the main Global Institutional Organizations and analyses the risks of comorbidities associated with infectious disease and the benefits of vaccination for each specific group. The document provides a clear, practical and authoritative guide to adult vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Andreoni
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sticchi
- Hygiene Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Nozza
- Medical Director, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Loredana Sarmati
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gori
- UOC Infectious Diseases, Irccs Ca’Granda Foundation, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Tavio
- UOC Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunosuppressed, AOU Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Society for Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT)
- UOC Infectious diseases Tor Vergata Polyclinic, University Hospital Viale, Rome, Italy
- Hygiene Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino-IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Medical Director, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- UOC Infectious Diseases, Irccs Ca’Granda Foundation, Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, Milan, Italy
- UOC Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunosuppressed, AOU Ospedali Riuniti of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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Timalsina D, Pokhrel KP, Bhusal D. Pharmacologic Activities of Plant-Derived Natural Products on Respiratory Diseases and Inflammations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1636816. [PMID: 34646882 PMCID: PMC8505070 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1636816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory inflammation is caused by an air-mediated disease induced by polluted air, smoke, bacteria, and viruses. The COVID-19 pandemic is also a kind of respiratory disease, induced by a virus causing a serious effect on the lungs, bronchioles, and pharynges that results in oxygen deficiency. Extensive research has been conducted to find out the potent natural products that help to prevent, treat, and manage respiratory diseases. Traditionally, wider floras were reported to be used, such as Morus alba, Artemisia indica, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis gigantea, but only some of the potent compounds from some of the plants have been scientifically validated. Plant-derived natural products such as colchicine, zingerone, forsythiaside A, mangiferin, glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and many other compounds are found to have a promising effect on treating and managing respiratory inflammation. In this review, current clinically approved drugs along with the efficacy and side effects have been studied. The study also focuses on the traditional uses of medicinal plants on reducing respiratory complications and their bioactive phytoconstituents. The pharmacological evidence of lowering respiratory complications by plant-derived natural products has been critically studied with detailed mechanism and action. However, the scientific validation of such compounds requires clinical study and evidence on animal and human models to replace modern commercial medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Timalsina
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
| | | | - Deepti Bhusal
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal
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18
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Ouyang L, Gong J, Yu M. Pre-existing interstitial lung disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108145. [PMID: 34547678 PMCID: PMC8450148 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background The impact of pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 remains largely unknown. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prevalence of ILD among patients with COVID-19 and figure out the relationship between ILD and the poor clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and MedRxiv Database from 1 January 2020 to 26 May 2021. Results 15 studies with 135,263 COVID-19 patients were included for analysis of ILD prevalence. The pooled prevalence of comorbid ILD in patients with COVID-19 was 1.4% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.8%, I2 = 91%) with significant between-study heterogeneity. Moreover, the prevalence of ILD in non-survival patients with COVID-19 was 2.728-folds higher than that in corresponding survival patients (RR = 2.728, 95% CI 1.162–6.408, I2 = 54%, p = 0.021). Additionally, 2–3 studies were included for comparison analysis of clinical outcome between COVID-19 patients with and without ILD. The results showed that the mortality of COVID-19 patients with ILD was remarkably elevated compared with patients without ILD (RR = 2.454, 95% CI 1.111–5.421, I2 = 87%, p = 0.026). Meanwhile, the pooled RR of ICU admission for ILD vs. non-ILD cases with COVID-19 was 3.064 (95% CI 1.889–4.972, I2 = 0, p < 0.0001). No significant difference in utilizing rate of mechanical ventilation was observed between COVID-19 patients with and without ILD. Conclusions There is great variability in ILD prevalence among patients with COVID-19 across the globe. Pre-existing ILD is associated with higher severity and mortality of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Ouyang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HuazhongUniversity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; The Clinical Skill Center, The First Clinical College, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Muqing Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Plesa M, Gaudet M, Mogas A, Jalaleddine N, Halayko A, Al Heialy S, Hamid Q. Vitamin D3 Attenuates Viral-Induced Inflammation and Fibrotic Responses in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715848. [PMID: 34512638 PMCID: PMC8427752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation by viral infections plays a key role in promoting inflammatory immune responses that contribute to pulmonary fibrosis in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases. Vitamin D3 has been shown to be beneficial to patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Smooth muscle cells are one of the major contributors to airway remodeling in asthma and COPD. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D3 treatment on viral-induced TLR3 responses in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells (BSMCs) as a mechanism contributing to pulmonary fibrosis in asthma and COPD. Primary BSMCs from patients with asthma (n=4), COPD (n=4), and healthy control subjects (n=6) were treated with polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), TLR3 agonist in the presence or absence of vitamin D3 (1,25D3). Here we report the mRNA expression and protein levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers (IL-6, IFN-β1, CCL2/MCP-1, fibronectin 1 and type I collagen) among BSMCs groups: asthma, COPD, and healthy controls. We show that at the baseline, prior to polyI:C stimulation, asthma and COPD BSMCs presented increased pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic state compared to healthy control subjects, as measured by quantitative PCR and immunoassays (ELISA/Flow Cytometry. Ligation of TLR3 by polyI:C in BSMCs was associated with increased TLR3 mRNA expression, and 1,25D3 treatment significantly reduced its expression. In addition, 1,25D3 decreased the expression of IL-6, IFN-β1, CCL2, FN1 and COL1A1 induced by polyI:C in BSMCs. The regulatory effect of 1,25D3 treatment on polyI:C-stimulated BSMCs was further confirmed at protein levels. Our findings suggest that vitamin D3 attenuates TLR3 agonist-induced inflammatory and fibrotic responses in BSMCs and support the clinical relevance of vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with viral infections having chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mellissa Gaudet
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Mogas
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nour Jalaleddine
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrew Halayko
- Departments of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Gülsen A, König IR, Jappe U, Drömann D. Effect of comorbid pulmonary disease on the severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respirology 2021; 26:552-565. [PMID: 33955623 PMCID: PMC8207055 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and continues to spread worldwide. Persistent questions remain about the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and comorbid diseases, as well as other chronic pulmonary conditions. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to examine in detail whether the underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma and chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) were associated with an increased risk of more severe COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search was performed using five international search engines. In the initial search, 722 articles were identified. After eliminating duplicate records and further consideration of eligibility criteria, 53 studies with 658,073 patients were included in the final analysis. COPD was present in 5.2% (2191/42,373) of patients with severe COVID-19 and in 1.4% (4203/306,151) of patients with non-severe COVID-19 (random-effects model; OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.99-3.34, Z = 7.15, p < 0.001). CRD was present in 8.6% (3780/44,041) of patients with severe COVID-19 and in 5.7% (16,057/280,447) of patients with non-severe COVID-19 (random-effects model; OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.74-2.64, Z = 7.1, p < 0.001). Asthma was present in 2.3% (1873/81,319) of patients with severe COVID-19 and in 2.2% (11,796/538,737) of patients with non-severe COVID-19 (random-effects model; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.79-1.60, Z = 0.66, p = 0.50). In conclusion, comorbid COPD and CRD were clearly associated with a higher severity of COVID-19; however, no association between asthma and severe COVID-19 was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askin Gülsen
- Division of Clinical and Molecular AllergologyResearch Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)BorstelGermany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of PneumologyUniversity of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Inke R. König
- Institute of Medical Biometry and StatisticsAirway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Uta Jappe
- Division of Clinical and Molecular AllergologyResearch Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)BorstelGermany
- Interdisciplinary Allergy Outpatient Clinic, Department of PneumologyUniversity of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
| | - Daniel Drömann
- Department of PneumologyAirway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of LuebeckLuebeckGermany
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21
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Wee LE, Conceicao EP, Tan JY, Sim JXY, Venkatachalam I. Reduction in asthma admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic: consequence of public health measures in Singapore. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.04493-2020. [PMID: 33653808 PMCID: PMC7926041 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.04493-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We read with interest the study by Izquierdoet al. [1] that reported a lower proportion of patients with concurrent asthma and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), compared to other chronic diseases. During the ongoing pandemic, various studies have also observed a lower occurrence of persons with asthma amongst hospitalised COVID-19 cases [2, 3]. Several hypotheses have been postulated to account for these observations, including lower susceptibility to COVID-19 amongst patients with asthma [2, 3] and a remission in rates of common circulating respiratory viral infections (RVIs) [4]. RVIs are potential triggers of asthma exacerbations and may cause a loss of asthma control [5]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, community-wide public health measures introduced to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), such as universal masking and social distancing, may reduce community transmission of common RVIs [4], potentially decreasing the frequency and severity of asthma exacerbations and hence reducing hospitalisations. However, patients may demonstrate a higher threshold to seek care due to fear of nosocomial transmission during the pandemic. Significant community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may thus confound causal interpretation of trends in asthma hospitalisations. While the ongoing pandemic provides a rare opportunity to ascertain the impact of public health measures on hospitalisations for asthma exacerbations, such observations are only possible in areas that have mitigated community transmission and maintained public health interventions over a sustained duration. A sustained reduction in asthma admissions with PCR-proven respiratory viral infections coincided with the widespread adoption of public health measures, including social distancing and wearing of face coverings, during a pandemichttps://bit.ly/2Kug9iw
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang En Wee
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edwin Philip Conceicao
- Dept of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yuan Tan
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jean Xiang Ying Sim
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Dept of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Indumathi Venkatachalam
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Dept of Infection Prevention and Epidemiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Saavedra LPJ, Prates KV, Gonçalves GD, Piovan S, Matafome P, Mathias PCDF. COVID-19 During Development: A Matter of Concern. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659032. [PMID: 33898461 PMCID: PMC8058409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new infectious disease, COVID-19, has spread around the world. The most common symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are cough and fever, but severe cases can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. The main receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in human tissue is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and the lungs, heart, and kidneys are the most affected organs. Besides the inflammatory process and tissue damage, the presence of a cytokine "storm" has been related to a higher mortality rate. Other infectious viral diseases, such as Zika, chikungunya, and influenza, were associated with complications in pregnant women, such as growth restriction, malformation, preterm birth, low birth weight, miscarriage, and death, although they can also cause developmental disorders in infants and adolescents. Evidence points out that stressors during pregnancy and infancy may lead to the development of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we hypothesize that COVID-19 infection during the critical phases of development can program the individual to chronic diseases in adulthood. It is important that COVID-19 patients receive proper monitoring as a way to avoid expensive costs to public health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Institute of Physiology and Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School, ESTeSC, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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23
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Huang S, He Q, Zhou L. T cell responses in respiratory viral infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1522-1534. [PMID: 33655898 PMCID: PMC8280062 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Respiratory viruses are major human pathogens that cause approximately 200 million pneumonia cases annually and induce various comorbidities with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), resulting in significant health concerns and economic burdens. Clinical manifestations in respiratory viral infections and inflammations vary from asymptomatic, mild, to severe, depending on host immune cell responses to pathogens and interactions with airway epithelia. We critically review the activation, effector, and regulation of T cells in respiratory virus infections and chronic inflammations associated with COPD. Crosstalk among T cells, innate immune cells, and airway epithelial cells is discussed as essential parts of pathogenesis and protection in viral infections and COPD. We emphasize the specificity of peptide antigens and the functional heterogeneity of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to shed some light on potential cellular and molecular candidates for the future development of therapeutics and intervention against respiratory viral infections and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxiong Huang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA
| | - Quan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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24
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Oh TK, Song IA. Impact of coronavirus disease-2019 on chronic respiratory disease in South Korea: an NHIS COVID-19 database cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33407347 PMCID: PMC7787421 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of underlying chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) on the risk and mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the effects of CRDs on the risk of COVID-19 and mortality among the population in South Korea.
Methods The NHIS-COVID-19 database in South Korea was used for data extraction for this population-based cohort study. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial lung disease (ILD), lung cancer, lung disease due to external agents, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and tuberculosis of the lungs (TB) were considered CRDs. The primary endpoint was a diagnosis of COVID-19 between January 1st and June 4th, 2020; the secondary endpoint was hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used for statistical analysis. Results The final analysis included 122,040 individuals, 7669 (6.3%) were confirmed as COVID-19 until 4 June 2020, and 251 patients with COVID-19 (3.2%) passed away during hospitalization. Among total 122,040 individuals, 36,365 individuals were diagnosed with CRD between 2015 and 2019: COPD (4488, 3.6%), asthma (33,858, 27.2%), ILD (421, 0.3%), lung cancer (769, 0.6%), lung disease due to external agents (437, 0.4%), OSA (550, 0.4%), and TB (608, 0.5%). Among the CRDs, patients either with ILD or OSA had 1.63-fold (odds ratio [OR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–2.26; P = 0.004) and 1.65-fold higher (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.23–2.16; P < 0.001) incidence of COVID-19. In addition, among patients with COVID-19, the individuals with COPD and lung disease due to external agents had 1.56-fold (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06–2.2; P = 0.024) and 3.54-fold (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.70–7.38; P < 0.001) higher risk of hospital mortality. Conclusions Patients with OSA and ILD might have an increased risk of COVID-19. In addition, COPD and chronic lung disease due to external agents might be associated with a higher risk of mortality among patients with COVID-19. Our results suggest that prevention and management strategies should be carefully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Kyu Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Korea
| | - In-Ae Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620, Korea.
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25
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Fonseca M, Summer R, Roman J. Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease as a Sequela of COVID-19 Pneumonia. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:126-129. [PMID: 32912600 PMCID: PMC7418755 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fonseca
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ross Summer
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesse Roman
- Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine and The Jane and Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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26
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Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential proviral host factor for human rhinovirus species A and C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27598-27607. [PMID: 33060297 PMCID: PMC7959528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014940117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We show here that efficient replication of RV-A and RV-C viruses, common respiratory pathogens with positive-strand RNA genomes, requires STING, a host protein with canonical function in innate immune responses to DNA viruses. STING is enriched in PI4P-containing membranes of RV-A replication organelles and is essential for a step in replication of the viral RNA genome. Its host factor activity is highly species-specific, and adaptation of the RV-16 virus to murine STING promotes RV-16 replication in cells of murine origin. These findings add substantially to the current understanding of essential host factors that restrict the host species range of RVs and limit the development of small animal models. Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are positive-strand RNA viruses that cause respiratory tract disease in children and adults. Here we show that the innate immune signaling protein STING is required for efficient replication of members of two distinct RV species, RV-A and RV-C. The host factor activity of STING was identified in a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen and confirmed in primary human small airway epithelial cells. Replication of RV-A serotypes was strictly dependent on STING, whereas RV-B serotypes were notably less dependent. Subgenomic RV-A and RV-C RNA replicons failed to amplify in the absence of STING, revealing it to be required for a step in RNA replication. STING was expressed on phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P)-enriched membranes and was enriched in RV-A16 compared with RV-B14 replication organelles isolated in isopycnic gradients. The host factor activity of STING was species-specific, as murine STING (mSTING) did not rescue RV-A16 replication in STING-deficient cells. This species specificity mapped primarily to the cytoplasmic, ligand-binding domain of STING. Mouse-adaptive mutations in the RV-A16 2C protein allowed for robust replication in cells expressing mSTING, suggesting a role for 2C in recruiting STING to RV-A replication organelles. Palmitoylation of STING was not required for RV-A16 replication, nor was the C-terminal tail of STING that mediates IRF3 signaling. Despite co-opting STING to promote its replication, interferon signaling in response to STING agonists remained intact in RV-A16 infected cells. These data demonstrate a surprising requirement for a key host mediator of innate immunity to DNA viruses in the life cycle of a small pathogenic RNA virus.
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27
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Reina J, Sala E, Fraile P. Viral etiology of exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the winter season. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 155:315-316. [PMID: 31530367 PMCID: PMC7131575 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Reina
- Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
| | - Ernest Sala
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - Pablo Fraile
- Unidad de Virología, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
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28
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Channick CL, Garrison G, Huie TJ, Narewski E, Caplan-Shaw C, Cho J, Rafeq S, Alalawi R, Alashram R, Bailey KL, Carmona EM, Habib N, Kapolka R, Krishnan A, Lammi MR, Peck T, Pennington KM, Rali P, Small BL, Swenson C, Witkin A, Hayes MM. ATS Core Curriculum 2020. Adult Pulmonary Medicine. ATS Sch 2020; 1:416-435. [PMID: 33870311 PMCID: PMC8015759 DOI: 10.34197/ats-scholar.2020-0016re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The American Thoracic Society Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in adult and pediatric pulmonary disease, medical critical care, and sleep medicine in a 3- to 4-year recurring cycle of topics. The topics of the 2020 Pulmonary Core Curriculum include pulmonary vascular disease (submassive pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary hypertension) and pulmonary infections (community-acquired pneumonia, pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteria, opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts, and coronavirus disease [COVID-19]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen L. Channick
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Garth Garrison
- Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tristan J. Huie
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erin Narewski
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Caralee Caplan-Shaw
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Josalyn Cho
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samaan Rafeq
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Raed Alalawi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Rami Alashram
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Eva M. Carmona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Habib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Rebecca Kapolka
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amita Krishnan
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Matthew R. Lammi
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care and Allergy/Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Tyler Peck
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kelly M. Pennington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Parth Rali
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bronwyn L. Small
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Colin Swenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alison Witkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Margaret M. Hayes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center–Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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29
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Orellana-Serradell O, Díaz MC, González MF, Gutiérrez M, Herrera D, Jara D, Maureira D, Ruiz-Fuentes JL, Sanhueza S, Leyton L. Does Peer Reviewing for COVID-19-Related Papers Still Work? Front Res Metr Anal 2020; 5:571886. [PMID: 33870048 PMCID: PMC8028383 DOI: 10.3389/frma.2020.571886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magda C Díaz
- Laboratorio de Mecanotransducción en La Fisiopatología Cardiaca, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Clínicas de La Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - María Fernanda González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Gutiérrez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Herrera
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jara
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Escuela de Postgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jenny L Ruiz-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofía Sanhueza
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolism in Geriatrics and Adults, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Program of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies of Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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30
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Viral etiology of exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the winter season. MEDICINA CLÍNICA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020; 155:315-316. [PMID: 32959022 PMCID: PMC7495144 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Tan KS, Lim RL, Liu J, Ong HH, Tan VJ, Lim HF, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Chow VT, Wang DY. Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32161756 PMCID: PMC7052386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Liyu Lim
- Infectious Disease Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Jiayi Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Westerhof LM, McGuire K, MacLellan L, Flynn A, Gray JI, Thomas M, Goodyear CS, MacLeod MK. Multifunctional cytokine production reveals functional superiority of memory CD4 T cells. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2019-2029. [PMID: 31177549 PMCID: PMC6900100 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell protective immunity is associated with multifunctional memory cells that produce several different cytokines. Currently, our understanding of when and how these cells are generated is limited. We have used an influenza virus mouse infection model to investigate whether the cytokine profile of memory T cells is reflective of primary responding cells or skewed toward a distinct profile. We found that, in comparison to primary cells, memory T cells tended to make multiple cytokines simultaneously. Analysis of the timings of release of cytokine by influenza virus‐specific T cells, demonstrated that primary responding CD4 T cells from lymphoid organs were unable to produce a sustained cytokine response. In contrast CD8 T cells, memory CD4 T cells, and primary responding CD4 T cells from the lung produced a sustained cytokine response throughout the restimulation period. Moreover, memory CD4 T cells were more resistant than primary responding CD4 T cells to inhibitors that suppress T cell receptor signaling. Together, these data suggest that memory CD4 T cells display superior cytokine responses compared to primary responding cells. These data are key to our ability to identify the cues that drive the generation of protective memory CD4 T cells following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus M Westerhof
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kris McGuire
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lindsay MacLellan
- GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ashley Flynn
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joshua I Gray
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew Thomas
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity IMED, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,GLAZgo Discovery Centre, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan Kl MacLeod
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Chen H, Li Z, Dong L, Wu Y, Shen H, Chen Z. Lipid metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1009-1018. [PMID: 31190786 PMCID: PMC6524761 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s196210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism plays crucial roles in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies suggest that alterations in major lipid metabolic pathways contribute to pathogenesis of lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These changes allow lung tissue to meet the energy needs and trigger anabolic pathways that initiate the synthesis of active molecules directly involved in the inflammation. In this review, we summarize the changes of catabolism and anabolism of lipids, lipid molecules including lipid mediators, lipid synthesis transcription factors, cholesterol, and phospholipids, and how those lipid molecules participate in the initiation and resolution of inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Su YC, Jalalvand F, Thegerström J, Riesbeck K. The Interplay Between Immune Response and Bacterial Infection in COPD: Focus Upon Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2530. [PMID: 30455693 PMCID: PMC6230626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating respiratory disease and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the lower airway following consistent exposure to noxious particles or gases. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) are characterized by increased cough, purulent sputum production, and dyspnea. The AECOPD is mostly associated with infection caused by common cold viruses or bacteria, or co-infections. Chronic and persistent infection by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), a Gram-negative coccobacillus, contributes to almost half of the infective exacerbations caused by bacteria. This is supported by reports that NTHi is commonly isolated in the sputum from COPD patients during exacerbations. Persistent colonization of NTHi in the lower airway requires a plethora of phenotypic adaptation and virulent mechanisms that are developed over time to cope with changing environmental pressures in the airway such as host immuno-inflammatory response. Chronic inhalation of noxious irritants in COPD causes a changed balance in the lung microbiome, abnormal inflammatory response, and an impaired airway immune system. These conditions significantly provide an opportunistic platform for NTHi colonization and infection resulting in a "vicious circle." Episodes of large inflammation as the consequences of multiple interactions between airway immune cells and NTHi, accumulatively contribute to COPD exacerbations and may result in worsening of the clinical status. In this review, we discuss in detail the interplay and crosstalk between airway immune residents and NTHi, and their effect in AECOPD for better understanding of NTHi pathogenesis in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Su
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Farshid Jalalvand
- Department of Biology, Centre for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Thegerström
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Lin CY, Chung YH, Shi YF, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. The VP1 unique region of human parvovirus B19 and human bocavirus induce lung injury in naïve Balb/c mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202667. [PMID: 30114253 PMCID: PMC6095614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus (HBoV) are known to be important human pathogens of the Parvoviridae family. Our earlier investigation demonstrated that both B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u have a significantly disruptive effect on tight junctions (TJs) in A549 cells, implying the essential role of parvovirus in airway infection and lung injury. However, no direct evidence that B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u induce lung injury exists. The present study further investigates the induction of lung injury by B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u in naïve Balb/c mice following subcutaneous injection of PBS, recombinant B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u. The experimental results reveal significantly increased activity, protein expression and ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to MMP-2 in Balb/c mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u compared to those that received PBS. Significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, and greater lymphocyte infiltration in lung tissue sections were detected in mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u. Additionally, significantly increased levels of phosphorylated p65 (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling proteins were observed in lung tissue of mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u compared to those of mice that received PBS. These findings demonstrate for the first time that B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u proteins induce lung inflammatory reactions through p65 (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
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Kim ES, Park KU, Lee SH, Lee YJ, Park JS, Cho YJ, Yoon HI, Lee CT, Lee JH. Comparison of viral infection in healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192893. [PMID: 29447204 PMCID: PMC5813982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although viruses are known to be the second most common etiological factor in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the respiratory viral profile of the patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) has not yet been elucidated. We investigated the prevalence and the clinical impact of respiratory virus infection in adult patients with HCAP. Methods Patients admitted with HCAP or CAP, between January and December 2016, to a tertiary referral hospital in Korea, were prospectively enrolled, and virus identification was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Among 452 enrolled patients (224 with HCAP, 228 with CAP), samples for respiratory viruses were collected from sputum or endotracheal aspirate in 430 (95.1%) patients and from nasopharyngeal specimens in 22 (4.9%) patients. Eighty-seven (19.2%) patients had a viral infection, and the proportion of those with viral infection was significantly lower in the HCAP than in the CAP group (13.8% vs 24.6%, p = 0.004). In both the HCAP and CAP groups, influenza A was the most common respiratory virus, followed by entero-rhinovirus. The seasonal distributions of respiratory viruses were also similar in both groups. In the HCAP group, the viral infection resulted in a similar length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality as viral–bacterial coinfection and bacterial infection, and the CAP group showed similar results. Conclusions The prevalence of viral infection in patients with HCAP was lower than that in patients with CAP, and resulted in a similar prognosis as viral–bacterial coinfection or bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Il Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Taek Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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