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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Salazar F, Coitiño EL, Benítez D, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds Active against Infective Trypanosomes: Ru(II) Ferrocenyl Derivatives with Two Different Bioactive Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11667-11687. [PMID: 38860314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are endemic zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively). Just a few old drugs are available for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Only fexinidazole has been recently incorporated into the arsenal for the treatment of HAT. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these pathogens by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide ligand (mpo) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds and their derivatives with chloride as a counterion were synthesized and fully characterized in solid state and solution. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream T. brucei (EC50 = 31-160 nM) and on T. cruzi trypomastigotes (EC50 = 190-410 nM). Compounds showed the lowest EC50 values on T. brucei when compared to the whole set of metal-based compounds previously developed by us. In addition, several of the Ru compounds showed good selectivity toward the parasites, particularly against the highly proliferative bloodstream form of T. brucei. Interaction with DNA and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were ruled out as potential targets and modes of action of the Ru compounds. Biochemical assays and in silico analysis led to the insight that they are able to inhibit the NADH-dependent fumarate reductase from T. cruzi. One representative hit induced a mild oxidation of low molecular weight thiols in T. brucei. The compounds were stable for at least 72 h in two different media and more lipophilic than both bioactive ligands, mpo and NN. An initial assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of one of the most potent and selective candidates, [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(bipy)]Cl, was performed using a murine infection model of acute African trypanosomiasis. This hit compound lacks acute toxicity when applied to animals in the dose/regimen described, but was unable to control parasite proliferation in vivo, probably because of its rapid clearance or low biodistribution in the extracellular fluids. Future studies should investigate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in vivo and involve further research to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez Díaz
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Romanowski G, Budka J, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Oxidovanadium(V) Schiff Base Complexes Derived from Chiral 3-amino-1,2-propanediol Enantiomers: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Studies, Catalytic and Biological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5010. [PMID: 38732229 PMCID: PMC11084397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidovanadium(V) complexes, [(+)VOL1-5] and [(-)VOL1-5], with chiral tetradentate Schiff bases, which are products of monocondensation of S(‒)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol or R(+)-3-amino-1,2-propanediol with salicylaldehyde derivatives, have been synthesized. Different spectroscopic methods, viz. 1H and 51V NMR, IR, UV-Vis, and circular dichroism, as well as elemental analysis, have been used for their detailed characterization. Furthermore, the epoxidation of styrene, cyclohexene, and two monoterpenes, S(‒)-limonene and (‒)-α-pinene, using two oxidants, aqueous 30% H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in decane, has been studied with catalytic amounts of all complexes. Finally, biological cytotoxicity studies have also been performed with these oxidovanadium(V) compounds for comparison with cis-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) Schiff base complexes with the same chiral ligands, as well as to determine the cytoprotection against the oxidative damage caused by 30% H2O2 in the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells in the range of their 10-100 μM concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Romanowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland;
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3
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Machado I, Gambino D. Metallomics: An Essential Tool for the Study of Potential Antiparasitic Metallodrugs. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15744-15752. [PMID: 38617611 PMCID: PMC11007724 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Metallomics is an emerging area of omics approaches that has grown enormously in the past few years. It integrates research related to metals in biological systems, in symbiosis with genomics and proteomics. These omics approaches can provide in-depth insights into the mechanisms of action of potential metallodrugs, including their physiological metabolism and their molecular targets. Herein, we review the most significant advances concerning cellular uptake and subcellular distribution assays of different potential metallodrugs with activity against Trypanosma cruzi, the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, a pressing health problem in high-poverty areas of Latin America. Furthermore, the first multiomics approaches including metallomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics for the comprehensive study of potential metallodrugs with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Machado
- Área
Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Área Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área
Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Área Química
Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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Maurya MR, Nandi M, Chaudhary PK, Singh S, Avecilla F, Prasad R, Ghosh K. Catalytic, Antifungal, and Antiproliferative Activity Studies of a New Family of Mononuclear [V IVO]/[V VO 2] Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:714-729. [PMID: 38150362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Ligands derived from 2-(1-phenylhydrazinyl)pyridine and salicylaldehyde (HL1), 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde (HL2), 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (HL3), and 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde (HL4) react with [VIVO(acac)2] in MeOH followed by aerial oxidation to give [VVO2(L1)] (1), [VVO2(L2)] (2), [VVO2(L3)] (3), and [VVO2(L4)] (4). Complex [VIVO(acac)(L1)] (5) is also isolable from [VIVO(acac)2] and HL1 in dry MeOH. Structures of all complexes were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray and spectroscopic studies. They efficiently catalyze benzyl alcohol and its derivatives' oxidation in the presence of H2O2 to their corresponding aldehydes. Under optimized reaction conditions using 1 as a catalyst precursor, conversion of benzyl alcohol follows the order: 4 (93%) > 2 (90%) > 1 (86%) > 3 (84%) ≈ 5 (84%). These complexes were also evaluated for antifungal and antiproliferative activities. Complex 3 with MIC50 = 16 μg/mL, 4 with MIC50 = 12 μg/mL, and 5 with MIC50 = 16 μg/mL are efficient toward planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. On Michigan cancer foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells, they show comparable cytotoxic effects and exhibit IC50 in the 27.3-33.5 μg/mL range, and among these, 4 exhibits the highest cytotoxicity. A similar study on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) confirms their less toxicity at lower concentrations (4 to 16 μg/mL) compared to MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannar R Maurya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Monojit Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sain Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramasare Prasad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Romanowski G, Budka J, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Catalytic and Biological Activity of Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes with Chiral Tetradentate Schiff Bases. Molecules 2023; 28:7408. [PMID: 37959827 PMCID: PMC10649191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New oxidovanadium(V) complexes, VOL1-VOL10, with chiral tetradentate Schiff bases obtained by monocondensation reaction of salicylaldehyde derivatives with 1S,2S-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol. All complexes have been characterized using different spectroscopic methods, viz. IR, UV-Vis, circular dichroism, one- (1H, 51V) and two-dimensional (COSY, NOESY) NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the catalytic ability of all compounds in the epoxidation of styrene, cyclohexene, and its naturally occurring monoterpene derivatives, i.e., S(-)-limonene and (-)-α-pinene has also been studied, using two different oxidants, i.e., aqueous 30% H2O2 or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). In addition, the biological properties of these chiral oxidovanadium(V) compounds, but also cis-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) complexes with the same chiral Schiff bases, were studied. Their cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity studies with the HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells revealed a concentration-dependent effect in the range of 10-100 μM. Moreover, vanadium(V) complexes, in contrast to cis-dioxidomolybdenum(VI) compounds, demonstrated higher cytotoxicity and lack of cytoprotective ability against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Romanowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Budka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, Building 27, PL-80211 Gdansk, Poland
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Mosquillo F, Scalese G, Moreira R, Denis PA, Machado I, Paulino M, Gambino D, Pérez-Díaz L. Platinum and Palladium Organometallic Compounds: Disrupting the Ergosterol Pathway in Trypanosoma cruzi. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300406. [PMID: 37382991 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment for Chagas' disease is based on two drugs, Nifurtimox and Benznidazol, which have limitations that reduce the effectiveness and continuity of treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new, safe and effective drugs. In previous work, two new metal-based compounds with trypanocidal activity, Pd-dppf-mpo and Pt-dppf-mpo, were fully characterized. To unravel the mechanism of action of these two analogous metal-based drugs, high-throughput omics studies were performed. A multimodal mechanism of action was postulated with several candidates as molecular targets. In this work, we validated the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway as a target for these compounds through the determination of sterol levels by HPLC in treated parasites. To understand the molecular level at which these compounds participate, two enzymes that met eligibility criteria at different levels were selected for further studies: phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK) and lanosterol 14-α demethylase (CYP51). Molecular docking processes were carried out to search for potential sites of interaction for both enzymes. To validate these candidates, a gain-of-function strategy was used through the generation of overexpressing PMK and CYP51 parasites. Results here presented confirm that the mechanism of action of Pd-dppf-mpo and Pt-dppf-mpo compounds involves the inhibition of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Mosquillo
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 4225 Iguá St., Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 4225 Iguá St., Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Rodrigo Moreira
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Pablo A Denis
- Nanotecnología Computacional, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Margot Paulino
- Centro de Bioinformática, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 2124 Gral. Flores Av., Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 4225 Iguá St., Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
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Santos MFA, Pessoa JC. Interaction of Vanadium Complexes with Proteins: Revisiting the Reported Structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) since 2015. Molecules 2023; 28:6538. [PMID: 37764313 PMCID: PMC10536487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The structural determination and characterization of molecules, namely proteins and enzymes, is crucial to gaining a better understanding of their role in different chemical and biological processes. The continuous technical developments in the experimental and computational resources of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and, more recently, cryogenic Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM) led to an enormous growth in the number of structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Bioinorganic chemistry arose as a relevant discipline in biology and therapeutics, with a massive number of studies reporting the effects of metal complexes on biological systems, with vanadium complexes being one of the relevant systems addressed. In this review, we focus on the interactions of vanadium compounds (VCs) with proteins. Several types of binding are established between VCs and proteins/enzymes. Considering that the V-species that bind may differ from those initially added, the mentioned structural techniques are pivotal to clarifying the nature and variety of interactions of VCs with proteins and to proposing the mechanisms involved either in enzymatic inhibition or catalysis. As such, we provide an account of the available structural information of VCs bound to proteins obtained by both XRD and/or cryo-EM, mainly exploring the more recent structures, particularly those containing organic-based vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino F. A. Santos
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ahmed S, Rafi UM, Senthil Kumar R, Bhat AR, Berredjem M, Niranjan V, C L, Rahiman AK. Theoretical, antioxidant, antidiabetic and in silico molecular docking and pharmacokinetics studies of heteroleptic oxovanadium(IV) complexes of thiosemicarbazone-based ligands and diclofenac. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37599509 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of new heteroleptic oxovanadium(IV) complexes with the general formula [VOL1-6(Dcf)] (1-6), where L1-6 = thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-based ligands and Dcf = diclofenac have been synthesized and characterized. The spectral studies along with the density functional theory calculations evidenced the distorted square-pyramidal geometry around oxovanadium(IV) ion through imine nitrogen and thione sulfur atoms of TSC moiety, and two asymmetric carboxylate oxygen atoms of diclofenac drug. The complexes were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical scavenging assays with respect to the standard antioxidant drugs butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and rutin. The in vitro antidiabetic activity of the complexes was tested with enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase. The complexes containing methyl substituent showed higher activity than that containing the nitro substituent due to the electron-donating effect of methyl group. The in silico molecular docking studies of the oxovanadium(IV) complexes with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes showed strong interaction via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The dynamic behavior of the proposed complexes was analyzed by molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations, which revealed the stability of docked structures with α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The in silico physicochemical and pharmacokinetics parameters, such as Lipinski's 'rule of five', Veber's rule and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties predicted non-toxic, non-carcinogenic and safe oral administration of the synthesized complexes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeer Ahmed
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ummer Muhammed Rafi
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Raju Senthil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengodu, India
| | - Ajmal Rashid Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Lavanya C
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aziz Kalilur Rahiman
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The New College (Autonomous), University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Brenda CT, Norma RF, Marcela RL, Nelly LV, Teresa F. Vanadium compounds as antiparasitic agents: An approach to their mechanisms of action. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127201. [PMID: 37210920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parasitic infections are a public health problem since they have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In parasitosis such as malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis it is necessary to develop new compounds for their treatment since an increase in drug resistance and toxic effects have been observed. Therefore, the use of different compounds that couple vanadium in their structure and that have a broad spectrum against different parasites have been proposed experimentally. OBJECTIVE Report the mechanisms of action exerted by vanadium in different parasites. CONCLUSION In this review, some of the targets that vanadium compounds have were identified and it was observed that they have a broad spectrum against different parasites, which represents an advance to continue investigating therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casarrubias-Tabarez Brenda
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rivera-Fernández Norma
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology. School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rojas-Lemus Marcela
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - López-Valdez Nelly
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fortoul Teresa
- Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico; Department of Cellular and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, C.P. 04510, Coyoacan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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10
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Banerjee A, Patra SA, Sahu G, Sciortino G, Pisanu F, Garribba E, Carvalho MFNN, Correia I, Pessoa JC, Reuter H, Dinda R. A Series of Non-Oxido V IV Complexes of Dibasic ONS Donor Ligands: Solution Stability, Chemical Transformations, Protein Interactions, and Antiproliferative Activity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7932-7953. [PMID: 37154533 PMCID: PMC10367067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of mononuclear non-oxido vanadium(IV) complexes, [VIV(L1-4)2] (1-4), featuring tridentate bi-negative ONS chelating S-alkyl/aryl-substituted dithiocarbazate ligands H2L1-4, are reported. All the synthesized non-oxido VIV compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy (IR, UV-vis, and EPR), ESI-MS, as well as electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1-3 reveal that the mononuclear non-oxido VIV complexes show distorted octahedral (1 and 2) or trigonal prismatic (3) arrangement around the non-oxido VIV center. EPR and DFT data indicate the coexistence of mer and fac isomers in solution, and ESI-MS results suggest a partial oxidation of [VIV(L1-4)2] to [VV(L1-4)2]+ and [VVO2(L1-4)]-; therefore, all these three complexes are plausible active species. Complexes 1-4 interact with bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a moderate binding affinity, and docking calculations reveal non-covalent interactions with different regions of BSA, particularly with Tyr, Lys, Arg, and Thr residues. In vitro cytotoxic activity of all complexes is assayed against the HT-29 (colon cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells and compared with the NIH-3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) normal cell line by MTT assay and DAPI staining. The results suggest that complexes 1-4 are cytotoxic in nature and induce cell death in the cancer cell lines by apoptosis and that a mixture of VIV, VV, and VVO2 species could be responsible for the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Federico Pisanu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari I-07100, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari I-07100, Italy
| | - M Fernanda N N Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Hans Reuter
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 6, Osnabruck 49069, Germany
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
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11
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Soba M, Scalese G, Casuriaga F, Pérez N, Veiga N, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, Faccio R, Pérez-Díaz L, Gasser G, Machado I, Gambino D. Multifunctional organometallic compounds for the treatment of Chagas disease: Re(I) tricarbonyl compounds with two different bioactive ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1623-1641. [PMID: 36648116 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03869b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease (American Trypanosomiasis) is an ancient and endemic illness in Latin America caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Although there is an urgent need for more efficient and less toxic chemotherapeutics, no new drugs to treat this disease have entered the clinic in the last decades. Searching for metal-based prospective antichagasic drugs, in this work, multifunctional Re(I) tricarbonyl compounds bearing two different bioactive ligands were designed: a polypyridyl NN derivative of 1,10-phenanthroline and a monodentate azole (Clotrimazole CTZ or Ketoconazol KTZ). Five fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(CTZ)](PF6) compounds and a fac-[Re(CO)3(NN)(KTZ)](PF6) were synthesized and fully characterized. They showed activity against epimastigotes (IC50 3.48-9.42 μM) and trypomastigotes of T. cruzi (IC50 0.61-2.79 μM) and moderate to good selectivity towards the parasite compared to the VERO mammalian cell model. In order to unravel the mechanism of action of our compounds, two potential targets were experimentally and theoretically studied, namely DNA and one of the enzymes involved in the parasite ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, CYP51 (lanosterol 14-α-demethylase). As hypothesized, the multifunctional compounds shared in vitro a similar mode of action as that disclosed for the single bioactive moieties included in the new chemical entities. Additionally, two relevant physicochemical properties of biological interest in prospective drug development, namely lipophilicity and stability in solution in different media, were determined. The whole set of results demonstrates the potentiality of these Re(I) tricarbonyls as promising candidates for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Soba
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay. .,Programa de Posgrado en Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Federico Casuriaga
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Nicolás Pérez
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Nicolás Veiga
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Gustavo A Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Institute IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Faccio
- Área Física, DETEMA, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, France
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
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12
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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez-Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. New multifunctional Ru(II) organometallic compounds show activity against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:112016. [PMID: 36244312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and leishmaniasis are prevalent zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp). Additionally, both are co-endemic in certain regions of the world. Only a small number of old drugs exist for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these trypanosomatid parasites by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8HQs) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(8HQs)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds were synthesized and fully characterized. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 140-310 nM) and on Leishmania infantum promastigotes (IC50 3.0-4.8 μM). The compounds showed good selectivity towards T. brucei in respect to J774 murine macrophages as mammalian cell model (SI 15-38). Changing hexafluorophosphate counterion by chloride led to a three-fold increase in activity on both parasites and to a two to three-fold increase in selectivity towards the pathogens. The compounds affect in vitro at least the targets of the individual bioactive moieties included in the new chemical entities: DNA and generation of ROS. The compounds are stable in solution and are more lipophilic than the free bioactive ligands. No clear correlation between lipophilicity, interaction with DNA or generation of ROS and activity was detected, which agrees with their overall similar anti-trypanosoma potency and selectivity. These compounds are promising candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado en Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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13
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Interaction with bioligands and in vitro cytotoxicity of a new dinuclear dioxido vanadium(V) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:111980. [PMID: 36109193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
One centrosymmetric bis(μ-oxido)-bridged vanadium(V) dimer with molecular formula [(VVO2)2(pedf)2] (1) has been synthesized from the reaction of VOSO4·5H2O with a Schiff base ligand (abbreviated with pedf-) obtained from 2-acetylpyridine and 2-furoic hydrazide in methanol. Complex 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, UV-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques along with single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). The FT-IR spectral data of 1 indicated the involvement of oxygen and azomethine nitrogen in coordination to the central metal ion. The crystallographic studies revealed a dinuclear oxovanadium(V) complex with the Schiff base coordinated via the ONN donor set with formation of two five-membered chelate rings resulting in a distorted octahedral geometry. The interaction of 1 with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by spectroscopic measurements and results suggested that the complex binds to CT-DNA via moderate intercalative mode with a binding constant (Kb) around 103 M-1. In addition, the in vitro protein binding behavior was studied by fluorescence spectrophotometric method using both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) and a static quenching mechanism was observed for the interaction of the complex with both albumins that occurs with a Kb in the range (5-6) × 103 M-1. In vitro cytotoxicity of complex 1 on lung cancer cells (A549) and human skin carcinoma cell line (A431) demonstrated that the complex had a broad-spectrum of anti-proliferative activity with IC50 value of 64.2 μM and 56.2 μM.
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14
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Do bioactive 8-hydroxyquinolines oxidovanadium(IV) and (V) complexes inhibit the growth of M. smegmatis? J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:111984. [PMID: 36152468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The antiproliferative effects of four series of VIVO- and VVO-based compounds containing 8-hydroxyquinoline ligands on the bacterium Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (M. smeg) were investigated. The effects on M. smeg were compared to the antiproliferative effects on the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the causative agent for Chagas disease. In this study, we investigate the speciation of these compounds under physiological conditions as well as the antiproliferative effects on the bacterium M. smeg. We find that the complexes are more stable the less H2O is present, and that the stability increases in lipid-like environments. Only one heteroleptic complex and two homoleptic complexes were found to show similar antiproliferative effects on M. smeg as reported for T. cruzi so the responses generally observed by M.smeg. is less than observed by the pathogen. In summary, we find that M. smeg is more sensitive to the detailed structure of the V-complex but overall these complexes are less effective against M. smeg compared to T. cruzi.
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15
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da Silva Gomes PS, da Silva WW, de Cássia Gasparoti G, Payolla FB, de Oliveira JA, Barbugli PA, Marin-Dett FH, Cavicchioli M, Massabni AC, Resende FA. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a novel oxovanadium complex with orotate. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Patra SA, Banerjee A, Sahu G, Mohanty M, Lima S, Mohapatra D, Görls H, Plass W, Dinda R. Evaluation of DNA/BSA interaction and in vitro cell cytotoxicity of μ2-oxido bridged divanadium(V) complexes containing ONO donor ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Mato-López L, Sar-Rañó A, Fernández MR, Díaz-Prado ML, Gil A, Sánchez-González Á, Fernández-Bertólez N, Méndez J, Valdiglesias V, Avecilla F. Relationship between structure and cytotoxicity of vanadium and molybdenum complexes with pyridoxal derived ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 235:111937. [PMID: 35870443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work four vanadium complexes (compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4) and one molybdenum complex (compound 5) with hydrazone ligands derived from pyridoxal were synthesized and characterized. All compounds are mononuclear species, two of them (compounds 3 and 5) are dioxide complexes and the other three (compounds 1, 2 and 4) monoxide complexes. The vanadium atom of the compound 3 is five-coordinated and all the other compounds have a six coordinated environment polyhedron. The poses for the potential intercalation of the compounds 2 and 3 with DNA were obtained by using AutoDock software. Optimizations were also performed at PM6-D3H4 semi-empirical level whereas the study of the nature of the interaction was carried out by means of the Energy Decomposition Analysis and the Non-Covalent Interaction index by using in both cases Density Functional Theory computations. The cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells (A549 cell line) of all the compounds was also evaluated. After 24 h of treatment, vanadium complexes showed high values of IC50, between 419.93 ± 22.58 and 685.88 ± 46.55 μM. After 48 h, the results showed that the compound 3 had the lowest IC50 value, 65.32 ± 9.95 μM, and the compound 2 the highest value, 375.28 ± 32.09 μM. The molybdenum complex showed the lowest IC50 value at 48 h (11.22 ± 1.34 μM). The toxicity of the compounds 3, 4 and 5 was tested in vivo, using zebrafish model, and the molybdenum complex showed higher toxic effects than the studied vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Mato-López
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Antía Sar-Rañó
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Riopedre Fernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - María Luz Díaz-Prado
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NEUROVER, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adrià Gil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; ARAID Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain; BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ángel Sánchez-González
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Natalia Fernández-Bertólez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Josefina Méndez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Fernando Avecilla
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Campus de A Coruña, 15071A Coruña, Spain.
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18
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Santos MFA, Sciortino G, Correia I, Fernandes ACP, Santos-Silva T, Pisanu F, Garribba E, Costa Pessoa J. Binding of V IV O 2+ , V IV OL, V IV OL 2 and V V O 2 L Moieties to Proteins: X-ray/Theoretical Characterization and Biological Implications. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200105. [PMID: 35486702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium compounds have frequently been proposed as therapeutics, but their application has been hampered by the lack of information on the different V-containing species that may form and how these interact with blood and cell proteins, and with enzymes. Herein, we report several resolved crystal structures of lysozyme with bound VIV O2+ and VIV OL2+ , where L=2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), and of trypsin with VIV O(picolinato)2 and VV O2 (phen)+ moieties. Computational studies complete the refinement and shed light on the relevant role of hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and microsolvation in stabilizating the structure. Noteworthy is that the trypsin-VV O2 (phen) and trypsin-VIV O(OH)(phen) adducts correspond to similar energies, thus suggesting a possible interconversion under physiological/biological conditions. The obtained data support the relevance of hydrolysis of VIV and VV complexes in the several types of binding established with proteins and the formation of different adducts that might contribute to their pharmacological action, and significantly widen our knowledge of vanadium-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino F A Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia C P Fernandes
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Teresa Santos-Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Federico Pisanu
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, I-07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Ugone V, Pisanu F, Garribba E. Interaction of pharmacologically active pyrone and pyridinone vanadium(IV,V) complexes with cytochrome c. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Damena T, Zeleke D, Desalegn T, Demissie TB, Eswaramoorthy R. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Novel Vanadium(IV) and Cobalt(II) Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4389-4404. [PMID: 35155932 PMCID: PMC8829937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report novel Co(II) and V(IV) complexes synthesized from an (E)-2-(((2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)quinolin-3-yl)methylene)amino)ethan-1-ol ligand (L), cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, and vanadyl(IV) sulfate in methanolic solutions. The ligand and the complexes were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy,13C NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), mass spectroscopy (MS), thermal analysis, and molar conductance. The FT-IR spectral data showed that the ligand adopted a tridentate fashion when binding with the metal ions via the nitrogen atoms of the imine (C=N) and amine (N-H), and the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group (O-H). The PXRD and SEM results indicated that the complexes are amorphous in nature. The density functional theory (DFT) calculated absorption and IR spectra agree very well with the corresponding experimental results. The antibacterial activities of the free ligand and its complexes were evaluated using a paper disk diffusion method. The complexes have better percent activitiy index than the free ligand. The cobalt complex exhibited a more recognizable antibacterial activity than the vanadium complex, specifically against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a mean inhibition zone of 18.62 ± 0.19 mm, when compared with the positive control, ciprofloxacin, with a mean inhibition zone of 22.98 ± 0.08 mm at the same concentration. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of the free ligand and its metal complexes were also determined in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The ligand exhibited less in vitro antioxidant activity than its transition metal complexes, in which the cobalt complex has a better antioxidant activity with half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50 of 16.01 μg/mL) than the ligand and the vanadium complex. Quantum molecular descriptors from the DFT calculations further support the experimental results. Molecular docking analysis also shed more light on the biological activities of the novel cobalt and vanadium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadewos Damena
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O.Box 1888, Adama 1888 Ethiopia
| | - Digafie Zeleke
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O.Box 1888, Adama 1888 Ethiopia
- Department
of Chemistry, Jigjiga University, P.O.Box 1020, Jigjiga 1020, Ethiopia
| | - Tegene Desalegn
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and
Technology University, P.O.Box 1888, Adama 1888 Ethiopia
| | - Taye B. Demissie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Notwane Rd, P/bag UB 00704 Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department
of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute
of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha
University, Chennai 602117, India
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21
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Al‐abbasi AA, Tahir MIM, Kayed SF, Kassim MB. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of mixed ligand oxovanadium (IV) complexes derived from
N
,
N
‐diethyl‐
N
′‐
para
‐substituted‐benzoylthiourea and hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha A. Al‐abbasi
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of science/Sebha University Libya
| | | | - Safa Faris Kayed
- Department of Chemistry College of Science and Humanities in Al‐Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Al‐kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad B. Kassim
- School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia
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22
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Gambino D, Otero L. Facing Diseases Caused by Trypanosomatid Parasites: Rational Design of Pd and Pt Complexes With Bioactive Ligands. Front Chem 2022; 9:816266. [PMID: 35071192 PMCID: PMC8777014 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis (CD), and leishmaniases are protozoan infections produced by trypanosomatid parasites belonging to the kinetoplastid order and they constitute an urgent global health problem. In fact, there is an urgent need of more efficient and less toxic chemotherapy for these diseases. Medicinal inorganic chemistry currently offers an attractive option for the rational design of new drugs and, in particular, antiparasitic ones. In this sense, one of the main strategies for the design of metal-based antiparasitic compounds has been the coordination of an organic ligand with known or potential biological activity, to a metal centre or an organometallic core. Classical metal coordination complexes or organometallic compounds could be designed as multifunctional agents joining, in a single molecule, different chemical species that could affect different parasitic targets. This review is focused on the rational design of palladium(II) and platinum(II) compounds with bioactive ligands as prospective drugs against trypanosomatid parasites that has been conducted by our group during the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Otero
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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23
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Jasińska A, Szklarzewicz J, Jurowska A, Hodorowicz M, Kazek G, Mordyl B, Głuch-Lutwin M. V(III) and V(IV) Schiff base complexes as potential insulin-mimetic compounds – comparison, characterization and biological activity. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Alinejad S, Khademvatan S, Amani S, Asadi N, Tappeh KH, Yousefi E, Miandoabi T. The Effect of Curcumin on the Expression of INFγ, TNF-α, and iNOS Genes in PBMCs Infected with Leishmania major [MRHO/IR/75/ER]. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2022; 22:83-89. [PMID: 35379161 DOI: 10.2174/1871526522666220404083220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, caused by the Leishmania parasite, is one of the most important tropical neglected diseases. The urgent search for effective, inexpensive, and preferably herbal anti-leishmanial agents, is needed. OBJECTIVE Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric that is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-cancer activity. METHODS The present work evaluates the anti-leishmanial [Leishmania major] activity of curcumin. The infected PBMCs were treated with curcumin. The ROS level at 6, 12, 24 h and gene expression levels at 24, 48, and 72 h of PBMCs after treatment with curcumin were determined. RESULTS Based on the results, the curcumin concentrations of 268 μM [24 h] and 181.2 μM [72 h] were defined as IC50 against L. major promastigotes. Treatment of L. major infected-peripheral blood mononuclear cells [PBMCs] with IC50 concentrations of curcumin, depending on exposure time, significantly induced the reactive oxygen species [ROS] generation and increased the expression levels of interferongamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] genes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the potential of curcumin against Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Alinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahla Amani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Negar Asadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Khosrow Hazrati Tappeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elham Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Touraj Miandoabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute & Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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25
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Ferraro G, Demitri N, Vitale L, Sciortino G, Sanna D, Ugone V, Garribba E, Merlino A. Spectroscopic/Computational Characterization and the X-ray Structure of the Adduct of the V IVO-Picolinato Complex with RNase A. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19098-19109. [PMID: 34847328 PMCID: PMC8693189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure, stability, and enzymatic activity of the adduct formed upon the reaction of the V-picolinato (pic) complex [VIVO(pic)2(H2O)], with an octahedral geometry and the water ligand in cis to the V═O group, with the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) were studied. While electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy substantiate the interaction between the metal moiety and RNase A, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) allows us to determine that a carboxylate group, stemming from Asp or Glu residues, and imidazole nitrogen from His residues are involved in the V binding at acidic and physiological pH, respectively. Crystallographic data demonstrate that the VIVO(pic)2 moiety coordinates the side chain of Glu111 of RNase A, by substituting the equatorial water molecule at acidic pH. Computational methods confirm that Glu111 is the most affine residue and interacts favorably with the OC-6-23-Δ enantiomer establishing an extended network of hydrogen bonds and van der Waals stabilizations. By increasing the pH around neutrality, with the deprotonation of histidine side chains, the binding of the V complex to His105 and His119 could occur, with that to His105 which should be preferred when compared to that to the catalytically important His119. The binding of the V compound affects the enzymatic activity of RNase A, but it does not alter its overall structure and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giarita Ferraro
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra−Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 km 163.5
in Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitale
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniele Sanna
- Istituto
di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ugone
- Istituto
di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, Università di Sassari, Viale San Pietro, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples
Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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26
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Pessoa JC, Santos MF, Correia I, Sanna D, Sciortino G, Garribba E. Binding of vanadium ions and complexes to proteins and enzymes in aqueous solution. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Sanna D, Lubinu G, Ugone V, Garribba E. Influence of temperature on the equilibria of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes in solution. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16326-16335. [PMID: 34734597 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The equilibria in the solution of three different oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, VO(dhp)2 (dhp = 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinonato), VO(ma)2 (ma = maltolato) and VO(pic)2(H2O) (pic = picolinato), were examined in the temperature range of 120-352 K through a combination of instrumental (EPR spectroscopy) and computational techniques (DFT methods). The results revealed that a general equilibrium exists: VOL2 + H2O ⇄ cis-VOL2(H2O) ⇄ trans-VOL2(H2O), where cis and trans refer to the relative position of H2O and the oxido ligand. The equilibrium is more or less shifted to the right depending on the ligand, the temperature, the ionic strength and the coordinating properties of the solvent. With VO(dhp)2, only the square pyramidal species exists at 298 K in aqueous solution, while at 120 K the cis- and trans-VO(dhp)2(H2O) species are also present. The complex of maltol exists almost exclusively in the form cis-VO(ma)2(H2O) in aqueous solution at 298 K, while the trans species can be revealed only at higher temperatures, where the EPR linewidth significantly decreases. The equilibria involving 1-methylimidazole (MeIm), a model for the side chain His coordination, are also influenced by temperature, with its coordination being favored by decreasing the temperature. The implications of these results in the study of the (vanadium complex)-protein systems are discussed and the interaction with myoglobin (Mb) is examined as a representative example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Sanna
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lubinu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Ugone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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28
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Cappai R, Crisponi G, Sanna D, Ugone V, Melchior A, Garribba E, Peana M, Zoroddu MA, Nurchi VM. Thermodynamic Study of Oxidovanadium(IV) with Kojic Acid Derivatives: A Multi-Technique Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1037. [PMID: 34681261 PMCID: PMC8541509 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The good chelating properties of hydroxypyrone (HPO) derivatives towards oxidovanadium(IV) cation, VIVO2+, constitute the precondition for the development of new insulin-mimetic and anticancer compounds. In the present work, we examined the VIVO2+ complex formation equilibria of two kojic acid (KA) derivatives, L4 and L9, structurally constituted by two kojic acid units linked in position 6 through methylene diamine and diethyl-ethylenediamine, respectively. These chemical systems have been characterized in solution by the combined use of various complementary techniques, as UV-vis spectrophotometry, potentiometry, NMR and EPR spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectrometry, and DFT calculations. The thermodynamic approach allowed proposing a chemical coordination model and the calculation of the complex formation constants. Both ligands L4 and L9 form 1:1 binuclear complexes at acidic and physiological pHs, with various protonation degrees in which two KA units coordinate each VIVO2+ ion. The joined use of different techniques allowed reaching a coherent vision of the complexation models of the two ligands toward oxidovanadium(IV) ion in aqueous solution. The high stability of the formed species and the binuclear structure may favor their biological action, and represent a good starting point toward the design of new pharmacologically active vanadium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Cappai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Guido Crisponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Daniele Sanna
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.S.); (V.U.)
| | - Valeria Ugone
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Trav. La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.S.); (V.U.)
| | - Andrea Melchior
- DPIA, Laboratorio di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Udine, Via del Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Zoroddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.G.); (M.P.); (M.A.Z.)
| | - Valeria Marina Nurchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
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29
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Moreira FF, Portes JDA, Barros Azeredo NF, Fernandes C, Horn A, Santiago CP, Segat BB, Caramori GF, Madureira LMP, Candela DRS, Marques MM, Lamounier Camargos Resende JA, de Souza W, DaMatta RA, Seabra SH. Development of new dinuclear Fe(III) coordination compounds with in vitro nanomolar antitrypanosomal activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12242-12264. [PMID: 34519725 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease is a major public health problem affecting about 6 to 7 million people worldwide, mostly in Latin America. The available therapy for this disease is based on two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which exhibit severe side effects, including resistance, severe cytotoxicity, variable efficacy and inefficiency in the chronic phase. Therefore, new drugs are urgently needed. Coordination compounds may be an interesting alternative for antiparasite therapy against Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii and T. cruzi. Herein, we tested the in vitro effect on T. cruzi epimastigotes (Y strain) of two new μ-oxo Fe(III) dinuclear complexes: [(HL1)(Cl)Fe(μ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)2·(CH3CH2OH)2·H2O (1) and [(HL2)(Cl)Fe(μ-O)Fe(Cl)(HL2)](Cl)2·H2O (2) where HL1 and HL2 are ligands which contain two pyridines, amine and alcohol moieties with a naphthyl pendant unit yielding a N3O coordination environment. Complexes (1) and (2), which are isomers, were completely characterized, including X-ray diffraction studies for complex (1). Parasites were treated with the complexes and the outcome was analyzed. Complex (1) exhibited the lowest IC50 values, which were 99 ± 3, 97 ± 2 and 110 ± 39 nM, after 48, 72 and 120 h of treatment, respectively. Complex (2) showed IC50 values of 118 ± 5, 122 ± 6 and 104 ± 29 nM for the same treatment times. Low cytotoxicity to the host cell LLC-MK2 was found for both complexes, resulting in impressive selectivity indexes of 106 for complex (1) and 178 for (2), after 120 h of treatment. Treatment with both complexes reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of the parasite. Ultrastructural analysis of the parasite after treatment with complexes showed that the mitochondria outer membrane presented swelling and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast; in addition, reservosomes presented anomalous spicules and rupture. The complexes showed low nanomolar IC50 values affecting mitochondria and reservosomes, essential organelles for the survival of the parasite. The low IC50 and the high selectivity index show that both complexes act as a new prototype of drugs against T. cruzi and may be used for further development in drug discovery to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Figueirôa Moreira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Bioquímica e Microscopia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Araujo Portes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathália Florência Barros Azeredo
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Christiane Fernandes
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Adolfo Horn
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pinheiro Santiago
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Barriquel Segat
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Finoto Caramori
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Henrique Seabra
- Laboratório de Tecnologia em Bioquímica e Microscopia, Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste (UEZO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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30
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Scalese G, Machado I, Salinas G, Pérez-Díaz L, Gambino D. Heteroleptic Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes with Activity against Infective and Non-Infective Stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecules 2021; 26:5375. [PMID: 34500808 PMCID: PMC8433833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five heteroleptic compounds, [VVO(IN-2H)(L-H)], where L are 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives and IN is a Schiff base ligand, were synthesized and characterized in both the solid and solution state. The compounds were evaluated on epimastigotes and trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi as well as on VERO cells, as a mammalian cell model. Compounds showed activity against trypomastigotes with IC50 values of 0.29-3.02 μM. IN ligand and the new [VVO2(IN-H)] complex showed negligible activity. The most active compound [VVO(IN-2H)(L2-H)], with L2 = 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline, showed good selectivity towards the parasite and was selected to carry out further biological studies. Stability studies suggested a partial decomposition in solution. [VVO(IN-2H)(L2-H)] affects the infection potential of cell-derived trypomastigotes. Low total vanadium uptake by parasites and preferential accumulation in the soluble proteins fraction were determined. A trypanocide effect was observed when incubating epimastigotes with 10 × IC50 values of [VVO(IN-2H)(L2-H)] and the generation of ROS after treatments was suggested. Fluorescence competition measurements with DNA:ethidium bromide adduct showed a moderate DNA interaction of the complexes. In vivo toxicity study on C. elegans model showed no toxicity up to a 100 μM concentration of [VVO(IN-2H)(L2-H)]. This compound could be considered a prospective anti-T. cruzi agent that deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
- Programa de Posgrados de la Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
| | - Gustavo Salinas
- Worm Biology Lab, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
- Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay;
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay;
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Méndez-Arriaga JM, Rubio-Mirallas E, Quirós M, Sánchez-Moreno M. Zinc 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine complexes: synthesis, structural characterization and their effect against Chagas disease. Med Chem 2021; 18:444-451. [PMID: 34387166 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666210812162500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization catalogues illnesses such as Chagas disease as neglected diseases, due the low investment in new drugs to fight them. The search for novel and non-side effects anti-parasitic compounds is one of the urgent needs of the Third World. The use of triazolopyrimidines and their metal complexes have demonstrated hopeful results in this field. OBJECTIVE This work studies the antiparasitic efficacy against Trypanosoma cruzi strains of a series of zinc triazolopyrimidine complexes. METHOD A series of Zn complexes has been synthesized by the reaction between the triazolopyrimidine derivatives 7-amino-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (7atp) and 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dmtp) with Zn(SO4) • 7H2O, ZnCl2, and Zn(NO3)2 • 6H2O salts. The complexes have been analyzed by spectroscopic and thermal assays and X-ray diffraction methods have been used to dilucidate the crystalline structure of one of them. The antiparasitic efficacy was tested in vitro against Trypanosoma cruzi to compare the trypanocidal effect of different ligands and counteranions to fight Chagas disease. RESULTS The efficacy of these compounds against Trypanosoma cruzi has also been tested to compare the influence of different ligands and counteranions on the trypanocidal effect against Chagas disease. CONCLUSION Antiproliferative tests corroborate the synergistic trypanocidal effect of the triazolopyrimidine coordination complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Méndez-Arriaga
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorganica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n 28933, Móstoles, Madrid. Spain
| | - Erika Rubio-Mirallas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada. Spain
| | - Miguel Quirós
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada. Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada. Spain
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Rudbari HA, Saadati A, Aryaeifar M, Correia I, Marques F, Blacque O, Micale N. Cytotoxic oxidovanadium(IV) complexes of tridentate halogen-substituted Schiff bases: First dinuclear V(IV) complexes with O → V IV = O → V IV = O core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128285. [PMID: 34303813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of potentially N,N,O-tridentate Schiff base ligands, Cl-LH, Br-LH, BrCl-LH and H-LH, with [VIVO(acac)2] in 2:1 ratio in methanol gave the corresponding mononuclear and dinuclear oxidovanadium(IV) complexes, VO(Cl-L)2 (1), VO(Br-L)2 (2), [(BrCl-L)2(H2O)V(μ-O)VO(BrCl-L)2] (3) and [(H-L)2(H2O)V(μ -O)VO(H-L)2] (4), in good yields. The ligands and complexes were fully characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. The ligands were also characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The oxidation state of V(IV)O with d1 configuration in all synthesized complexes was confirmed by EPR. Moreover, the structures of 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which revealed them as mono- and dinuclear vanadium(IV) complexes, respectively, with the ligands coordinated as bidentate chelates. The structure of 3 represents the first example of dinuclear V(IV) complex with O → VIV = O → VIV = O core (Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), version 5.42, update of May 2021). The cytotoxicity of ligands and complexes was evaluated towards ovarian (A2780), breast (MCF7) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells at 48 h. While ligands showed modest IC50 values (>42 μM), all complexes turned out to be effective in the range 3.9-17.2 μM. In particular, A2780 and MCF7 cell lines were the most sensitive to the newly synthesized V(IV)O complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Amiri Rudbari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Aryaeifar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy
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Oxovanadium(IV) complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazones. Synthesis, characterization, anticancer enzyme inhibition and in vitro cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hanus-Fajerska E, Wiszniewska A, Kamińska I. A Dual Role of Vanadium in Environmental Systems-Beneficial and Detrimental Effects on Terrestrial Plants and Humans. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1110. [PMID: 34072768 PMCID: PMC8227766 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The importance of vanadium (V) in the functioning of land systems is extremely diverse, as this element may exert both positive and harmful effects on terrestrial organisms. It recently become considered an element of beneficial character with a range of applications for human welfare. The health-ameliorative properties of this transition element depend on its degree of oxidation and on optimal concentration in the target cells. It was found that a similar relationship applies to vascular plants. However, excessive amounts of vanadium in the environment contaminate the soil and negatively affect the majority of living organisms. A significantly elevated level of V results in the destabilization of plant physiological balance, slowing down the growth of biomass which significantly reduces yield. In turn, low doses of the appropriate vanadium ions can stimulate plant growth and development, exert cytoprotective effects, and effectively enhance the synthesis of some biologically active compounds. We present the scientific achievements of research teams dealing with such topics. The issues discussed concern the role of vanadium in the environment, particular organisms, and highlight its dualistic influence on plants. Achievements in the field of V bioremediation, with the use of appropriately selected microorganisms and plant species, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; (A.W.); (I.K.)
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Kargar H, Kaka-Naeini A, Fallah-Mehrjardi M, Behjatmanesh-Ardakani R, Amiri Rudbari H, Munawar KS. Oxovanadium and dioxomolybdenum complexes: synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and applications as homogeneous catalysts in sulfoxidation. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1915488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Kargar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
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Postal K, Santana FS, Hughes DL, Rüdiger AL, Ribeiro RR, Sá EL, de Souza EM, Soares JF, Nunes GG. Stability in solution and chemoprotection by octadecavanadates(IV/V) in E. coli cultures. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111438. [PMID: 33823363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two mixed-valence octadecavanadates, (NH4)2(Me4N)5[VIV12VV6O42I]·Me4NI·5H2O (V18I) and [{K6(OH2)12VIV11VV7O41(PO4)·4H2O}n] (V18P), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and FTIR, Raman, 51V NMR, EPR and UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopies. The chemoprotective activity of V18I and V18P towards the alkylating agent diethyl sulfate was assessed in E. coli cultures. The complex V18I was nontoxic in concentrations up to 5.0 mmol L-1, while V18P presented moderate toxicity in the concentration range 0.10 - 10 mmol L-1. Conversely, a ca. 35% enhancement in culture growth as compared to cells treated only with diethyl sulfate was observed upon addition of V18I (0.10 to 2.5 mmol L-1), while the combination of diethyl sulfate with V18P increased the cytotoxicity presented by diethyl sulfate alone. 51V NMR and EPR speciation studies showed that V18I is stable in solution, while V18P suffers partial breakage to give low nuclearity oxidometalates of vanadium(V) and (IV). According to the results, the chemoprotective effect depends strongly on the direct reactivity of the polyoxidovanadates (POV) towards the alkylating agent. The reaction of diethyl sulfate with V18I apparently produces a new, rearranged POV instead of poorly-reactive breakage products, while V18P shows the formation and subsequent consumption of low-nuclearity species. The correlation of this chemistry with that of other mixed-valence polyoxidovanadates, [H6VIV2VV12O38PO4]5- (V14) and [VIV8VV7O36Cl]6- (V15), suggests a relationship between stability in solution and chemoprotective performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahoana Postal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - André L Rüdiger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ronny R Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Sá
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Jaísa F Soares
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Giovana G Nunes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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37
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Misinterpretations in Evaluating Interactions of Vanadium Complexes with Proteins and Other Biological Targets. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In aqueous media, VIV- and VV-ions and compounds undergo chemical changes such as hydrolysis, ligand exchange and redox reactions that depend on pH and concentration of the vanadium species, and on the nature of the several components present. In particular, the behaviour of vanadium compounds in biological fluids depends on their environment and on concentration of the many potential ligands present. However, when reporting the biological action of a particular complex, often the possibility of chemical changes occurring has been neglected, and the modifications of the complex added are not taken into account. In this work, we highlight that as soon as most vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) compounds are dissolved in a biological media, they undergo several types of chemical transformations, and these changes are particularly extensive at the low concentrations normally used in biological experiments. We also emphasize that in case of a biochemical interaction or effect, to determine binding constants or the active species and/or propose mechanisms of action, it is essential to evaluate its speciation in the media where it is acting. This is because the vanadium complex no longer exists in its initial form.
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38
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Therapeutic potential of vanadium complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, quo vadis? Fate of complexes in cell media and cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111350. [PMID: 33477088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
VIVO-complexes formulated as [VIVO(OSO3)(phen)2] (1) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [VIVO(OSO3)(Me2phen)2] (2) (Me2phen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) and [VIVO(OSO3)(amphen)2] (3) (amphen = 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline) were prepared and stability in cell incubation media evaluated. Their cytotoxicity was determined against the A2780 (ovarian), MCF7 (breast) and PC3 (prostate) human cancer cells at different incubation times. While at 3 and 24 h the cytotoxicity differs for complexes and corresponding free ligands, at 72 h incubation all compounds are equally active presenting low IC50 values. Upon incubation of A2780 cells with 1-3, cellular distribution of vanadium in cytosol, membranes, nucleus and cytoskeleton, indicate that the uptake of V is low, particularly for 1, and that the uptake pattern depends on the ligand. Nuclear microscopic techniques are used for imaging and elemental quantification in whole PC3 cells incubated with 1. Once complexes are added to cell culture media, they decompose, and with time most VIV oxidizes to VV-species. Modeling of speciation when [VIVO(OSO3)(phen)2] (1) is added to cell media is presented. At lower concentrations of 1, VIVO- and phen-containing species are mainly bound to bovine serum albumin, while at higher concentrations [VIVO(phen)n]2+-complexes become relevant, being predicted that the species taken up and mechanisms of action operating depend on the total concentration of complex. This study emphasizes that for these VIVO-systems, and probably for many others involving oxidovanadium or other labile metal complexes, it is not possible to identify active species or propose mechanisms of cytotoxic action without evaluating speciation occurring in cell media.
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Sciortino G, Aureliano M, Garribba E. Rationalizing the Decavanadate(V) and Oxidovanadium(IV) Binding to G-Actin and the Competition with Decaniobate(V) and ATP. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:334-344. [PMID: 33253559 PMCID: PMC8016201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The experimental data collected over the past 15 years on the interaction of decavanadate(V) (V10O286-; V10), a polyoxometalate (POM) with promising anticancer and antibacterial action, with G-actin, were rationalized by using several computational approaches (docking, density functional theory (DFT), and molecular dynamics (MD)). Moreover, a comparison with the isostructural and more stable decaniobate(V) (Nb10O286-; Nb10) was carried out. Four binding sites were identified, named α, β, γ, and δ, the site α being the catalytic nucleotide site located in the cleft of the enzyme at the interface of the subdomains II and IV. It was observed that the site α is preferred by V10, whereas Nb10 is more stable at the site β; this indicates that, differently from other proteins, G-actin could contemporaneously bind the two POMs, whose action would be synergistic. Both decavanadate and decaniobate induce conformational rearrangements in G-actin, larger for V10 than Nb10. Moreover, the binding mode of oxidovanadium(IV) ion, VIVO2+, formed upon the reduction of decavanadate(V) by the -SH groups of accessible cysteine residues, is also found in the catalytic site α with (His161, Asp154) coordination; this adduct overlaps significantly with the region where ATP is bound, accounting for the competition between V10 and its reduction product VIVO2+ with ATP, as previously observed by EPR spectroscopy. Finally, the competition with ATP was rationalized: since decavanadate prefers the nucleotide site α, Ca2+-ATP displaces V10 from this site, while the competition is less important for Nb10 because this POM shows a higher affinity for β than for site α. A relevant consequence of this paper is that other metallodrug-protein systems, in the absence or presence of eventual inhibitors and/or competition with molecules of the organism, could be studied with the same approach, suggesting important elements for an explanation of the biological data and a rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- (G.S.) Phone +34 977 920229. Email
| | - Manuel Aureliano
- CCMar,
FCT, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 8000-139 Faro, Portugal
- (M.A.) Phone +351 289 800977. Email
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- (E.G.) Phone +39 079 229487. Email
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40
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Dias JSM, Martins FT, de Araújo Neto JH, Castellano EE, Viana RB, Teixeira JDS, Guimarães ET, Soares MBP, Frazão Barbosa MI, Doriguetto AC. Novel ruthenium( iii) complexes with hydroxybenzophenones: experimental and theoretical characterization and in vitro leishmanicidal activity comparing complexes and ligands. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj06159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Six ruthenium–benzophenone complexes were synthesized in order to combine the chemistry of two interesting compound classes aiming at medicinal chemistry innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Ernesto Castellano
- Departamento de Física e Informática
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos-SP
- Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica da Silva Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências da Vida
- Universidade do Estado da Bahia
- Salvador-BA
- Brazil
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz
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41
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Saikia G, Talukdar H, Ahmed K, Gour NK, Islam NS. Tantalum( v) peroxido complexes as phosphatase inhibitors: a comparative study vis-a-vis peroxidovanadates. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01005k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peroxido Ta(v) complexes are found to be more effective as inhibitors of wheat thylakoid acid phosphatase vis-à-vis their V containing analogues. In addition, these compounds showed unique resistance towards degradation in the presence of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangutri Saikia
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
| | - Hiya Talukdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
| | - Kabirun Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Tezpur 784028
- India
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Sciortino G, Maréchal JD, Garribba E. Integrated experimental/computational approaches to characterize the systems formed by vanadium with proteins and enzymes. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01507e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An integrated instrumental/computational approach to characterize metallodrug–protein adducts at the molecular level is reviewed. A series of applications are described, focusing on potential vanadium drugs with a generalization to other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sciortino
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Barcelona 08193
- Spain
| | - Jean-Didier Maréchal
- Departament de Química
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Barcelona 08193
- Spain
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università di Sassari
- 07100 Sassari
- Italy
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Darwish AS, Sayed MA, Shebl A. Cuttlefish bone stabilized Ag3VO4 nanocomposite and its Y2O3-decorated form: Waste-to-value development of efficiently ecofriendly visible-light-photoactive and biocidal agents for dyeing, bacterial and larvae depollution of Egypt's wastewater. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Banerjee A, Dash SP, Mohanty M, Sahu G, Sciortino G, Garribba E, Carvalho MFNN, Marques F, Costa Pessoa J, Kaminsky W, Brzezinski K, Dinda R. New V IV, V IVO, V VO, and V VO 2 Systems: Exploring their Interconversion in Solution, Protein Interactions, and Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14042-14057. [PMID: 32914971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of one oxidoethoxidovanadium(V) [VVO(L1)(OEt)] (1) and two nonoxidovanadium(IV) complexes, [VIV(L2-3)2] (2 and 3), with aroylhydrazone ligands incorporating naphthalene moieties, are reported. The synthesized oxido and nonoxido vanadium complexes are characterized by various physicochemical techniques, and their molecular structures are solved by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). This revealed that in 1 the geometry around the vanadium atom corresponds to a distorted square pyramid, with a O4N coordination sphere, whereas that of the two nonoxido VIV complexes 2 and 3 corresponds to a distorted trigonal prismatic arrangement with a O4N2 coordination sphere around each "bare" vanadium center. In aqueous solution, the VVO moiety of 1 undergoes a change to VVO2 species, yielding [VVO2(L1)]- (1'), while the nonoxido VIV-compounds 2 and 3 are partly converted into their corresponding VIVO complexes, [VIVO(L2-3)(H2O)] (2' and 3'). Interaction of these VVO2, VIVO, and VIV systems with two model proteins, ubiquitin (Ub) and lysozyme (Lyz), is investigated through docking approaches, which suggest the potential binding sites: the interaction is covalent for species 2' and 3', with the binding to Glu16, Glu18, and Asp21 for Ub, and His15 for Lyz, and it is noncovalent for species 1', 2, and 3, with the surface residues of the proteins. The ligand precursors and complexes are also evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against ovarian (A2780) and prostate (PC3) human cancer cells and in normal fibroblasts (V79) to check the selectivity of the compounds for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Subhashree P Dash
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Monalisa Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
| | - Giuseppe Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugenio Garribba
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - M Fernanda N N Carvalho
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Krzysztof Brzezinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India
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Casarrubias-Tabarez B, Rivera-Fernández N, Rojas-Lemus M, López-Valdez N, Fortoul TI. Evaluation of the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antimalarial effect of sodium metavanadate po in a Plasmodium yoelii yoelii infected murine model. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1001-1007. [PMID: 32874923 PMCID: PMC7451625 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral administration of sodium metavanadate 10 mg/kg decreased parasitemia and increased survival in the Pyy mice model. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg of sodium metavanadate was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic in the Pyy mice model. Sodium metavanadate is proposed as a potential antimalaric agent.
Malaria is a parasitic disease with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide and antimalarial drug resistance has increased in last two decades. Chloroquine and artemisinin which were usedfor the treatment of malaria are also reported with resistances. Recently, some metallic compounds of ruthenium and iridium have been used as possible therapeutic agents against other parasites such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma cruzi. Organic and inorganic compounds of vanadium such as metavanadate, have been used lately because its therapeutic properties as antineoplastic and hypoglycemic agents. In this study we evaluated the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of metavanadate per os and its working dose, as a previous step for the future use of metavanadate as anti-parasitic agent in a Plasmodium yoelii yoelii malarial lethal model. Our findings suggest that 10 mg/kg is a safe dose that decreases parasitemia and increases the survival of the Plasmodium yoelii yoelii infected mice with no evidence of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity with the dose selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Casarrubias-Tabarez
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Rojas-Lemus
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nelly López-Valdez
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa I Fortoul
- Department of Cellular and Tissular Biology, School of Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
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Campitelli P, Crucianelli M. On the Capability of Oxidovanadium(IV) Derivatives to Act as All-Around Catalytic Promoters Since the Prebiotic World. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133073. [PMID: 32640541 PMCID: PMC7412518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time the biological role of vanadium was not known, while now the possibility of using its derivatives as potential therapeutic agents has given rise to investigations on their probable side effects. Vanadium compounds may inhibit different biochemical processes and lead to a variety of toxic effects and serious diseases. But, on the other hand, vanadium is an essential element for life. In recent years, increasing evidence has been acquired on the possible roles of vanadium in the higher forms of life. Despite several biochemical and physiological functions that have been suggested for vanadium and notwithstanding the amount of the knowledge so far accumulated, it still does not have a clearly defined role in the higher forms of life. What functions could vanadium or its very stable oxidovanadium(IV) derivatives have had in the prebiotic world and in the origins of life? In this review, we have briefly tried to highlight the most useful aspects that can be taken into consideration to give an answer to this still unresolved question and to show the high versatility of the oxidovanadium(IV) group to act as promoter of several oxidation reactions when coordinated with a variety of ligands, including diketones like acylpyrazolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Campitelli
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy;
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito-Due, 67100 L’Aquila (AQ), Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0862-433308
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Prasad KS, Ramachandrappa SU. Potential Medicinal Applications of Vanadium and its Coordination Compounds in Current Research Prospects: A Review. CURRENT BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS 2020; 16:201-209. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666181115111357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Background:The variety of biological applications of vanadium impressed researchers to develop vanadium based drugs. The most well-known fact of vanadium is that it is necessary for human beings as an insulin-enhancing agent and herein, we mainly provide an overview of vanadium-based drugs and their applications in the medicinal field for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The first part of this review is focused on mechanistic studies involved in the anti-diabetic activity. The latter part explains the use of vanadium and its related coordination compounds in the treatment of cancer.Methods:This review is purely based on literature search available in the database. We focused on the reports available on the recent advancements in the vanadium chemistry and its biological properties, mainly anti-diabetic and anticancer activities of vanadium based compounds.Results:The study of clinical trials of vanadium and its drug molecules imposed more demand due to their remarkable activity with less toxicity.Conclusion:A brief literature survey was made pertaining to the applications of vanadium compounds/ complexes. Particularly, special attention was paid to explaining mechanistic studies of vanadium based compounds in the treatment of diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kollur S. Prasad
- Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Arts and Sciences, Mysuru, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Karnataka-570 026, India
| | - Shwetha U. Ramachandrappa
- Department of Chemistry, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere - 577 004, Karnataka, India
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High Throughput Approaches to Unravel the Mechanism of Action of a New Vanadium-Based Compound against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2020; 2020:1634270. [PMID: 32351549 PMCID: PMC7171612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1634270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for Chagas disease, a parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has always been based on two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, despite the toxic side effects described after prolonged prescription. In this work, we study a new prospective antitrypanosomal drug based on vanadium, here named VIVO(5Brsal)(aminophen). We found a good IC50 value, (3.76 ± 0.08) μM, on CL Brener epimastigotes. The analysis of cell death mechanism allowed us to rule out the implication of a mechanism based on early apoptosis or necrosis. Recovery assays revealed a trypanostatic effect, accompanied by cell shape and motility alterations. An uptake mostly associated with the insoluble fraction of the parasites was deduced through vanadium determinations. Concordantly, no drastic changes of the parasite transcriptome were detected after 6 h of treatment. Instead, proteomic analysis uncovered the modulation of proteins involved in different processes such as energy and redox metabolism, transport systems, detoxifying pathways, ribosomal protein synthesis, and proteasome protein degradation. Overall, the results here presented lead us to propose that VIVO(5Brsal)(aminophen) exerts a trypanostatic effect on T. cruzi affecting parasite insoluble proteins.
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Cipriani M, Rostán S, León I, Li ZH, Gancheff JS, Kemmerling U, Olea Azar C, Etcheverry S, Docampo R, Gambino D, Otero L. Multi-target heteroleptic palladium bisphosphonate complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:509-519. [PMID: 32232584 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone illnesses. Some of them have also shown antiparasitic activity. In search of improving the pharmacological profile of commercial bisphosphonates, our group had previously developed first row transition metal complexes with N-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs). In this work, we extended our studies to heteroleptic palladium-NBP complexes including DNA intercalating polypyridyl co-ligands (NN) with the aim of obtaining potential multi-target species. Complexes of the formula [Pd(NBP)2(NN)]·2NaCl·xH2O with NBP = alendronate (ale) or pamidronate (pam) and NN = 1,10 phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) were synthesized and fully characterized. All the obtained compounds were much more active in vitro against T. cruzi (amastigote form) than the corresponding NBP ligands. In addition, complexes were nontoxic to mammalian cells up to 50-100 µM. Compounds with phen as ligand were 15 times more active than their bpy analogous. Related to the potential mechanism of action, all complexes were potent inhibitors of two parasitic enzymes of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway. No correlation between the anti-T. cruzi activity and the enzymatic inhibition results was observed. On the contrary, the high antiparasitic activity of phen-containing complexes could be related to their ability to interact with DNA in an intercalative-like mode. These rationally designed compounds are good candidates for further studies and good leaders for future drug developments. Four new palladium heteroleptic complexes with N-containing commercial bisphosphonates and DNA intercalating polypyridyl co-ligands were synthesized and fully characterized. All complexes displayed high anti-T. cruzi activity which could be related to the inhibition of the parasitic farnesyl diphosphate synthase enzyme but mainly to their ability to interact DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaella Cipriani
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Rostán
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio León
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Química Inorgánica (CONICET-UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Zhu-Hong Li
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Jorge S Gancheff
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Programa de Anatomía Y Biología del Desarrollo, Facultad de Medicina, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Olea Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susana Etcheverry
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Química Inorgánica (CONICET-UNLP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Roberto Docampo
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Otero
- Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, UdelaR, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Cedillo-Gutiérrez EL, Hernández-Ayala LF, Torres-Gutiérrez C, Reina M, Flores-Alamo M, Carrero JC, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Ruiz-Azuara L. Identification of descriptors for structure-activity relationship in ruthenium (II) mixed compounds with antiparasitic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 189:112084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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