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Pujana-Vaquerizo M, Bozal-Basterra L, Carracedo A. Metabolic adaptations in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2024; 131:1250-1262. [PMID: 38969865 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Among the molecular processes that contribute to this disease, the weight of metabolism has been placed under the limelight in recent years. Tumours exhibit metabolic adaptations to comply with their biosynthetic needs. However, metabolites also play an important role in supporting cell survival in challenging environments or remodelling the tumour microenvironment, thus being recognized as a hallmark in cancer. Prostate cancer is uniquely driven by androgen receptor signalling, and this knowledge has also influenced the paths of cancer metabolism research. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the metabolic adaptations that support prostate cancer progression beyond androgen signalling, with a particular focus on tumour cell intrinsic and extrinsic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Pujana-Vaquerizo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bozal-Basterra
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Traslational Prostate Cancer Research Lab, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Baracaldo, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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Han X, Zhang A, Wang P, Bi H, Ren K, Li E, Yang X, Aydemir I, Tao K, Lin J, Abdulkadir SA, Yang J, Ji P. Pleckstrin-2 Mediates the Activation of AKT in Prostate Cancer and Is Repressed by Androgen Receptor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:1986-1996. [PMID: 39069167 PMCID: PMC11423716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and androgen receptor (AR) pathways are commonly activated in prostate cancers. Their reciprocal regulation makes advanced prostate cancers difficult to treat. The current study shows that pleckstrin-2 (PLEK2), a proto-oncoprotein involved in the activation and stabilization of AKT, connects these two pathways. Genetic evidence provided herein suggests that Plek2 deficiency largely reverted tumorigenesis in Pten prostate-specific knockout mice and that overexpression of PLEK2 promoted the proliferation and colony formation of prostate cancer cells in vitro. In addition, PLEK2 was negatively regulated by AR, AR transcriptionally repressed PLEK2 through binding to the PLEK2 promoter region, and overexpression of AR reduced PLEK2 expression, which inactivated AKT. Conversely, knockdown of AR in prostate cancer cells increased PLEK2 expression and activated the AKT pathway. This reciprocal inhibitory loop can be pharmacologically targeted using the PLEK2 inhibitor. PLEK2 inhibitor dose-dependently inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation with the inactivation of AKT. Overall, the current study uncovered a crucial role of PLEK2 in prostate cancer proliferation and provided the rationale for targeting PLEK2 to treat prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ali Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ximing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Inci Aydemir
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kara Tao
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey Lin
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sarki A Abdulkadir
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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Rescigno P, Porta N, Finneran L, Riisnaes R, Figueiredo I, Carreira S, Flohr P, Miranda S, Bertan C, Ferreira A, Crespo M, Rodrigues DN, Gurel B, Nobes J, Crabb S, Malik Z, Ralph C, McGovern U, Hoskin P, Jones RJ, Birtle A, Gale J, Sankey P, Jain S, McLaren D, Chadwick E, Espinasse A, Hall E, de Bono J. Capivasertib in combination with enzalutamide for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel and abiraterone: Results from the randomized phase II RE-AKT trial. Eur J Cancer 2024; 205:114103. [PMID: 38729054 PMCID: PMC11181075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN loss and aberrations in PI3K/AKT signaling kinases associate with poorer response to abiraterone acetate (AA) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this study, we assessed antitumor activity of the AKT inhibitor capivasertib combined with enzalutamide in mCRPC with prior progression on AA and docetaxel. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase 2 trial, recruited men ≥ 18 years with progressing mCRPC and performance status 0-2 from 15 UK centers. Randomized participants (1:1) received enzalutamide (160 mg orally, once daily) with capivasertib (400 mg)/ placebo orally, twice daily on an intermittent (4 days on, 3 days off) schedule. Primary endpoint was composite response rate (RR): RECIST 1.1 objective response, ≥ 50 % PSA decrease from baseline, or circulating tumor cell count conversion (from ≥ 5 at baseline to < 5 cells/7.5 mL). Subgroup analyses by PTENIHC status were pre-planned. RESULTS Overall, 100 participants were randomized (50:50); 95 were evaluable for primary endpoint (47:48); median follow-up was 43 months. RR were 9/47 (19.1 %) enzalutamide/capivasertib and 9/48 (18.8 %) enzalutamide/placebo (absolute difference 0.4 % 90 %CI -12.8 to 13.6, p = 0.58), with similar results in the PTENIHC loss subgroup. Irrespective of treatment, OS was significantly worse for PTENIHC loss (10.1 months [95 %CI: 4.6-13.9] vs 14.8 months [95 %CI: 10.8-18]; p = 0.02). Most common treatment-emergent grade ≥ 3 adverse events for the combination were diarrhea (13 % vs 2 %) and fatigue (10 % vs 6 %). CONCLUSIONS Combined capivasertib/enzalutamide was well tolerated but didn't significantly improve outcomes from abiraterone pre-treated mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Rescigno
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nuria Porta
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Penny Flohr
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Simon Crabb
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Zafar Malik
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Robert J Jones
- University of Glasgow, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison Birtle
- Rosemere Cancer Centre, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Preston, UK; University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma Hall
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Johann de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Wu D, Casey PJ. GPCR-Gα13 Involvement in Mitochondrial Function, Oxidative Stress, and Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7162. [PMID: 39000269 PMCID: PMC11241654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gα13 and Gα12, encoded by the GNA13 and GNA12 genes, respectively, are members of the G12 family of Gα proteins that, along with their associated Gβγ subunits, mediate signaling from specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Advanced prostate cancers have increased expression of GPCRs such as CXC Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4), lysophosphatidic acid receptor (LPAR), and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). These GPCRs signal through either the G12 family, or through Gα13 exclusively, often in addition to other G proteins. The effect of Gα13 can be distinct from that of Gα12, and the role of Gα13 in prostate cancer initiation and progression is largely unexplored. The oncogenic effect of Gα13 on cell migration and invasion in prostate cancer has been characterized, but little is known about other biological processes such as mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Current knowledge on the link between Gα13 and oxidative stress is based on animal studies in which GPCR-Gα13 signaling decreased superoxide levels, and the overexpression of constitutively active Gα13 promoted antioxidant gene activation. In human samples, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) correlates with prostate cancer risk and prognostic Gleason grade. However, overexpression of SOD2 in prostate cancer cells yielded conflicting results on cell growth and survival under basal versus oxidative stress conditions. Hence, it is necessary to explore the effect of Gα13 on prostate cancer tumorigenesis, as well as the effect of Gα13 on SOD2 in prostate cancer cell growth under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Patrick J. Casey
- Programme in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 308 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Zhang C, Aida M, Saggu S, Yu H, Zhou L, Rehman H, Jiao K, Liu R, Wang L, Wang Q. Androgen deprivation therapy exacerbates Alzheimer's-associated cognitive decline via increased brain immune cell infiltration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn8709. [PMID: 38905345 PMCID: PMC11192088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is associated with an increased risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The mechanistic connection between ADT and AD-related cognitive impairment in patients with prostate cancer remains elusive. We established a clinically relevant prostate cancer-bearing AD mouse model to explore this. Both tumor-bearing and ADT induce complex changes in immune and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood and in the brain. ADT disrupts the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promotes immune cell infiltration into the brain, enhancing neuroinflammation and gliosis without affecting the amyloid plaque load. Moreover, treatment with natalizumab, an FDA-approved drug targeting peripheral immune cell infiltration, reduces neuroinflammation and improves cognitive function in this model. Our study uncovers an inflammatory mechanism, extending beyond amyloid pathology, that underlies ADT-exacerbated cognitive deficits, and suggests natalizumab as a potentially effective treatment in alleviating the detrimental effects of ADT on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mae Aida
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shalini Saggu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lianna Zhou
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Neuroscience Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Chen X, Gong L, Wang Y, Ye C, Guo H, Gao S, Chen J, Wang Z, Gao Y. IL-23 inhibitor enhances the effects of PTEN DNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for metastatic CRPC therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388613. [PMID: 38898927 PMCID: PMC11186457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients face challenges due to limited treatment options. About 50% of patients with mCRPC have a functional loss of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), leading to tumor progression, metastasis, and immune suppression. Moreover, elevated IL-23 produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) is found in CRPC patients, driving tumor progression. Therefore, a combination strategy based on PTEN restoration and IL-23 inhibition may block CRPC progression and metastasis. Methods: The antitumor effect of restoring PTEN expression combined with the IL-23 inhibitor Apilimod was studied in a mouse model of bone metastasis CRPC and mouse prostate cancer RM-1 cells. To verify the targeting ability of PTEN DNA coated with lipid nanoparticles (LNP@PTEN) in vitro and in vivo. In addition, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry were used to investigate the related mechanisms of the antitumor effect of LNP@PTEN combined with Apilimod. Results: LNPs exhibited significant tumor-targeting and tumor accumulation capabilities both in vitro and in vivo, enhancing PTEN expression and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the combination of LNP@PTEN with the IL-23 inhibitor Apilimod demonstrated enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis (particularly secondary organ metastasis) compared to other groups, and extended the survival of mice to 41 days, providing a degree of bone protection. These effects may be attributed to the PTEN function restoration combined with IL-23 inhibition, which help reverse immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment by reducing MDSCs recruitment and increasing the CD8+/CD4+ T cell ratio. Discussion: In summary, these findings highlight the potential of LNPs for delivering gene therapeutic agents. And the combination of LNP@PTEN with Apilimod could achieve anti-tumor effects and improve tumor microenvironment. This combinational strategy opens new avenues for the treatment of mCRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Yan Y, Dai T, Guo M, Zhao X, Chen C, Zhou Y, Qin M, Xu L, Zhao J. A review of non-classical MAPK family member, MAPK4: A pivotal player in cancer development and therapeutic intervention. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132686. [PMID: 38801852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that play a crucial role in transmitting extracellular signals to the intracellular environment, influencing a wide range of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic activities, immune function and stress response. MAPK4, a non-classical MAPK, is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, including prostate, breast, cervix, thyroid, and gliomas. It orchestrates cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis via the AKT/mTOR and/or PDK1 signaling pathways, thus facilitating tumor cell growth. Furthermore, MAPK4 expression is closely associated with the effectiveness of specific inhibitors like PI3K and PARP1, and also correlate with the survival rates of cancer patients. Increasing evidence highlights MAPK4's involvement in the tumor microenvironment, modulating immune response and inflammation-related diseases. This review comprehensively explores the structure, function, and oncogenic role of MAPK4, providing a deeper understanding of its activation and mechanisms of action in tumorigenesis, which might be helpful for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yan
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tengkun Dai
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China; Department of Medical physics, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Treatment of Guizhou province, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Grisay G, Lavaud P, Fizazi K. Current Systemic Therapy in Men with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:488-495. [PMID: 38592590 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore the evolving landscape of treatments available for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) patients. RECENT FINDINGS In less than a decade, evidence was chronologically provided that (1) systemic treatment intensification with docetaxel improves outcomes, including survival, in men with mCSPC, (2) then that these outcomes are also improved when a second-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) is combined with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and (3) using a "triplet systemic therapy," which consists in the combination of ADT, an ARPI and docetaxel, further improves outcomes, including survival. Radiotherapy to the prostate combined with ADT alone is now recommended in men with low-volume mCSPC. Combining prostate radiotherapy and intensified systemic treatment including abiraterone may be synergistic as suggested in the PEACE-1 trial. Also, the role of metastases-directed local therapies (mostly stereotactic radiotherapy) is currently being assessed in phase 3 trials. Finally, the integration of biomarkers (e.g. BRCA2 gene alterations, PTEN loss, PSMA expression) for decision making is not currently established, though trials are also currently underway. Importantly, most evidence currently available was obtained in men with de novo metastases, while for those with metastatic relapse after definitive local treatment, the role of treatment intensification is less well established. Treatment intensification is nowadays the standard of care for patients with de novo mCSPC as it leads to outcomes improvement, including survival, and the standard of care is evolving almost on a yearly basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Grisay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires Helora, La Louvière, Belgium.
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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9
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Chen Y, Han L, Dufour CR, Alfonso A, Giguère V. Canonical and Nuclear mTOR Specify Distinct Transcriptional Programs in Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2024; 22:113-124. [PMID: 37889103 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that controls prostate cancer cell growth in part by regulating gene programs associated with metabolic and cell proliferation pathways. mTOR-mediated control of gene expression can be achieved via phosphorylation of transcription factors, leading to changes in their cellular localization and activities. mTOR also directly associates with chromatin in complex with transcriptional regulators, including the androgen receptor (AR). Nuclear mTOR (nmTOR) has been previously shown to act as a transcriptional integrator of the androgen signaling pathway in association with the chromatin remodeling machinery, AR, and FOXA1. However, the contribution of cytoplasmic mTOR (cmTOR) and nmTOR and the role played by FOXA1 in this process remains to be explored. Herein, we engineered cells expressing mTOR tagged with nuclear localization and export signals dictating mTOR localization. Transcriptome profiling in AR-positive prostate cancer cells revealed that nmTOR generally downregulates a subset of the androgen response pathway independently of its kinase activity, while cmTOR upregulates a cell cycle-related gene signature in a kinase-dependent manner. Biochemical and genome-wide transcriptomic analyses demonstrate that nmTOR functionally interacts with AR and FOXA1. Ablation of FOXA1 reprograms the nmTOR cistrome and transcriptome of androgen responsive prostate cancer cells. This works highlights a transcriptional regulatory pathway in which direct interactions between nmTOR, AR and FOXA1 dictate a combinatorial role for these factors in the control of specific gene programs in prostate cancer cells. IMPLICATIONS The finding that canonical and nuclear mTOR signaling pathways control distinct gene programs opens therapeutic opportunities to modulate mTOR activity in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Chen
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lingwei Han
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Anthony Alfonso
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Giguère
- Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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10
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Maekawa S, Takata R, Obara W. Molecular Mechanisms of Prostate Cancer Development in the Precision Medicine Era: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:523. [PMID: 38339274 PMCID: PMC10854717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancer (PCa) relies on the activation of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgens. Despite efforts to block this pathway through androgen deprivation therapy, resistance can occur through several mechanisms, including the abnormal activation of AR, resulting in castration-resistant PCa following the introduction of treatment. Mutations, amplifications, and splicing variants in AR-related genes have garnered attention in this regard. Furthermore, recent large-scale next-generation sequencing analysis has revealed the critical roles of AR and AR-related genes, as well as the DNA repair, PI3K, and cell cycle pathways, in the onset and progression of PCa. Moreover, research on epigenomics and microRNA has increasingly become popular; however, it has not translated into the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Additionally, treatments targeting homologous recombination repair mutations and the PI3K/Akt pathway have been developed and are increasingly accessible, and multiple clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this comprehensive review, we outline the status of PCa research in genomics and briefly explore potential future developments in the field of epigenetic modifications and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekatsu Maekawa
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate 028-3694, Japan; (R.T.); (W.O.)
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11
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Chen T, Xie S, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Wu H, Jiang P, Du W. AKT1 phosphorylation of cytoplasmic ME2 induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis for tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:686. [PMID: 38263319 PMCID: PMC10805786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Many types of tumors feature aerobic glycolysis for meeting their increased energetic and biosynthetic demands. However, it remains still unclear how this glycolytic phenomenon is achieved and coordinated with other metabolic pathways in tumor cells in response to growth stimuli. Here we report that activation of AKT1 induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis from the mitochondrial metabolism via phosphorylation of cytoplasmic malic enzyme 2 (ME2), named ME2fl (fl means full length), favoring an enhanced glycolytic phenotype. Mechanistically, in the cytoplasm, AKT1 phosphorylates ME2fl at serine 9 in the mitochondrial localization signal peptide at the N-terminus, preventing its mitochondrial translocation. Unlike mitochondrial ME2, which accounts for adjusting the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, ME2fl functions as a scaffold that brings together the key glycolytic enzymes phosphofructokinase (PFKL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), as well as Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), to promote glycolysis in the cytosol. Thus, through phosphorylation of ME2fl, AKT1 enhances the glycolytic capacity of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, revealing an unexpected role for subcellular translocation switching of ME2 mediated by AKT1 in the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells to growth stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qiao Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Peng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), South Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Wenjing Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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12
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Zhao JL, Antonarakis ES, Cheng HH, George DJ, Aggarwal R, Riedel E, Sumiyoshi T, Schonhoft JD, Anderson A, Mao N, Haywood S, Decker B, Curley T, Abida W, Feng FY, Knudsen K, Carver B, Lacouture ME, Wyatt AW, Rathkopf D. Phase 1b study of enzalutamide plus CC-115, a dual mTORC1/2 and DNA-PK inhibitor, in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Br J Cancer 2024; 130:53-62. [PMID: 37980367 PMCID: PMC10781677 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CC-115, a dual mTORC1/2 and DNA-PK inhibitor, has promising antitumour activity when combined with androgen receptor (AR) inhibition in pre-clinical models. METHODS Phase 1b multicentre trial evaluating enzalutamide with escalating doses of CC-115 in AR inhibitor-naive mCRPC patients (n = 41). Primary endpoints were safety and RP2D. Secondary endpoints included PSA response, time-to-PSA progression, and radiographic progression. RESULTS Common adverse effects included rash (31.7% Grades 1-2 (Gr); 31.7% Gr 3), pruritis (43.9% Gr 1-2), diarrhoea (37% Gr 1-2), and hypertension (17% Gr 1-2; 9.8% Gr 3). CC-115 RP2D was 5 mg twice a day. In 40 evaluable patients, 80% achieved ≥50% reduction in PSA (PSA50), and 58% achieved ≥90% reduction in PSA (PSA90) by 12 weeks. Median time-to-PSA progression was 14.7 months and median rPFS was 22.1 months. Stratification by PI3K alterations demonstrated a non-statistically significant trend towards improved PSA50 response (PSA50 of 94% vs. 67%, p = 0.08). Exploratory pre-clinical analysis suggested CC-115 inhibited mTOR pathway strongly, but may be insufficient to inhibit DNA-PK at RP2D. CONCLUSIONS The combination of enzalutamide and CC-115 was well tolerated. A non-statistically significant trend towards improved PSA response was observed in patients harbouring PI3K pathway alterations, suggesting potential predictive biomarkers of response to a PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitor. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02833883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy L Zhao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 401 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
- R&D in Oncology, AstraZeneca, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Heather H Cheng
- University of Washington and Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, 1144 Eastlake Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Daniel J George
- Duke Cancer Institute, 20 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1825 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Elyn Riedel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Takayuki Sumiyoshi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Amanda Anderson
- Epic Sciences, 9381 Judicial Drive Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Ninghui Mao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Samuel Haywood
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Brooke Decker
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Tracy Curley
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wassim Abida
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1825 4th Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Karen Knudsen
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 914 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Brett Carver
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mario E Lacouture
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dana Rathkopf
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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13
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Dos Santos L, Carbone F, Pacreau E, Diarra S, Luka M, Pigat N, Baures M, Navarro E, Anract J, Barry Delongchamps N, Cagnard N, Bost F, Nemazanyy I, Petitjean O, Hamaï A, Ménager M, Palea S, Guidotti JE, Goffin V. Cell Plasticity in a Mouse Model of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Drives Amplification of Androgen-Independent Epithelial Cell Populations Sensitive to Antioxidant Therapy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:30-51. [PMID: 37827216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is caused by the nonmalignant enlargement of the transition zone of the prostate gland, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms. Although current medical treatments are unsatisfactory in many patients, the limited understanding of the mechanisms driving disease progression prevents the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. The probasin-prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mouse recapitulates many histopathological features of human BPH. Herein, these alterations parallel urodynamic disturbance reminiscent of lower urinary tract symptoms. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of Pb-PRL mouse prostates revealed that their epithelium mainly includes low-androgen signaling cell populations analogous to Club/Hillock cells enriched in the aged human prostate. These intermediate cells are predicted to result from the reprogramming of androgen-dependent luminal cells. Pb-PRL mouse prostates exhibited increased vulnerability to oxidative stress due to reduction of antioxidant enzyme expression. One-month treatment of Pb-PRL mice with anethole trithione (ATT), a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS production, reduced prostate weight and voiding frequency. In human BPH-1 epithelial cells, ATT decreased mitochondrial metabolism, cell proliferation, and stemness features. ATT prevented the growth of organoids generated by sorted Pb-PRL basal and LSCmed cells, the two major BPH-associated, androgen-independent epithelial cell compartments. Taken together, these results support cell plasticity as a driver of BPH progression and therapeutic resistance to androgen signaling inhibition, and identify antioxidant therapy as a promising treatment of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Dos Santos
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Carbone
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Pacreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Sekou Diarra
- Humana Biosciences SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Manon Baures
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Navarro
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Julien Anract
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France; Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatics Core Platform, Université Paris Cité, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Bost
- C3M, INSERM U1065, Université Côte d'Azur, Equipe Labélisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Université de Paris-Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France
| | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Ménager
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Responses and Transcriptomic Networks in Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Atip-Avenir Team, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France; Labtech Single-Cell@Imagine, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Palea
- Humana Biosciences SAS, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | - Jacques-Emmanuel Guidotti
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Paris, France.
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14
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Zhu Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Shuai Z. Prostate transmembrane androgen inducible protein 1 (PMEPA1): regulation and clinical implications. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1298660. [PMID: 38173834 PMCID: PMC10761476 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1298660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate transmembrane androgen inducible protein 1 (PMEPA1) can promote or inhibit prostate cancer cell growth based on the cancer cell response to the androgen receptor (AR). Further, it can be upregulated by transforming growth factor (TGF), which downregulates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling by interfering with R-Smad phosphorylation to facilitate TGF-β receptor degradation. Studies have indicated the increased expression of PMEPA1 in some solid tumors and its functioning as a regulator of multiple signaling pathways. This review highlights the multiple potential signaling pathways associated with PMEPA1 and the role of the PMEPA1 gene in regulating prognosis, including transcriptional regulation and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, the relevant implications in and outside tumors, for example, as a biomarker and its potential functions in lysosomes have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicui Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui, Hefei, China
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15
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Wang H, Zhou Y, Chu C, Xiao J, Zheng S, Korpal M, Korn JM, Penaloza T, Drake RR, Gan W, Gao X. Generating a Murine PTEN Null Cell Line to Discover the Key Role of p110β-PAK1 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1317-1328. [PMID: 37606694 PMCID: PMC10841189 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation treatment often effectively decreases prostate cancer, incurable metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually occurs. It is important to understand how CRPC metastasis progresses, which is not clearly defined. The loss of PTEN, a phosphatase to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the PI3K pathway, occurs in up to 70% to 80% of CRPC. We generated a mouse androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (PKO) from PTEN null and Hi-Myc transgenic mice in C57BL/6 background. We confirmed that this PKO cell line has an activated PI3K pathway and can metastasize into the femur and tibia of immunodeficient nude and immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, we found that androgen deprivation significantly enhanced PKO cell migration/invasion via the p110β isoform-depended PAK1-MAPK activation. Inhibition of the p110β-PAK1 axis significantly decreased prostate cancer cell migration/invasion. Of note, our analysis using clinical samples showed that PAK1 is more activated in CRPC than in advanced prostate cancer; high PAK1/phosphorylated-PAK1 levels are associated with decreased survival rates in patients with CRPC. All the information suggests that this cell line reflects the characteristics of CRPC cells and can be applied to dissect the mechanism of CRPC initiation and progression. This study also shows that PAK1 is a potential target for CRPC treatment. IMPLICATIONS This study uses a newly generated PTEN null prostate cancer cell line to define a critical functional role of p110β-PAK1 in CRPC migration/invasion. This study also shows that the p110β-PAK1 axis can potentially be a therapeutic target in CRPC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yu Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jialing Xiao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manav Korpal
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua M Korn
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany Penaloza
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Richard R. Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wenjian Gan
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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16
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Liao SY, Rudoy D, Frank SB, Phan LT, Klezovitch O, Kwan J, Coleman I, Haffner MC, Li D, Nelson PS, Emili A, Vasioukhin V. SND1 binds to ERG and promotes tumor growth in genetic mouse models of prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7435. [PMID: 37973913 PMCID: PMC10654515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SND1 and MTDH are known to promote cancer and therapy resistance, but their mechanisms and interactions with other oncogenes remain unclear. Here, we show that oncoprotein ERG interacts with SND1/MTDH complex through SND1's Tudor domain. ERG, an ETS-domain transcription factor, is overexpressed in many prostate cancers. Knocking down SND1 in human prostate epithelial cells, especially those overexpressing ERG, negatively impacts cell proliferation. Transcriptional analysis shows substantial overlap in genes regulated by ERG and SND1. Mechanistically, we show that ERG promotes nuclear localization of SND1/MTDH. Forced nuclear localization of SND1 prominently increases its growth promoting function irrespective of ERG expression. In mice, prostate-specific Snd1 deletion reduces cancer growth and tumor burden in a prostate cancer model (PB-Cre/Ptenflox/flox/ERG mice), Moreover, we find a significant overlap between prostate transcriptional signatures of ERG and SND1. These findings highlight SND1's crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting SND1 as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-You Liao
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dmytro Rudoy
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sander B Frank
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luan T Phan
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dapei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Center for Network Systems Biology, Departments of Biochemistry & Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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17
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Zhang M, Ceyhan Y, Mei S, Hirz T, Sykes DB, Agoulnik IU. Regulation of EZH2 Expression by INPP4B in Normal Prostate and Primary Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5418. [PMID: 38001678 PMCID: PMC10670027 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatases INPP4B and PTEN are tumor suppressors that are lost in nearly half of advanced metastatic cancers. The loss of PTEN in prostate epithelium initially leads to an upregulation of several tumor suppressors that slow the progression of prostate cancer in mouse models. We tested whether the loss of INPP4B elicits a similar compensatory response in prostate tissue and whether this response is distinct from the one caused by the loss of PTEN. Knockdown of INPP4B but not PTEN in human prostate cancer cell lines caused a decrease in EZH2 expression. In Inpp4b-/- mouse prostate epithelium, EZH2 levels were decreased, as were methylation levels of histone H3. In contrast, Ezh2 levels were increased in the prostates of Pten-/- male mice. Contrary to PTEN, there was a positive correlation between INPP4B and EZH2 expression in normal human prostates and early-stage prostate tumors. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data demonstrated that a subset of EZH2-positive cells expresses INPP4B or PTEN, but rarely both, consistent with their opposing correlation with EZH2 expression. Unlike PTEN, INPP4B did not affect the levels of SMAD4 protein expression or Pml mRNA expression. Like PTEN, p53 protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt in Inpp4b-/- murine prostates were elevated. Taken together, the loss of INPP4B in the prostate leads to overlapping and distinct changes in tumor suppressor and oncogenic downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Yasemin Ceyhan
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.); (D.B.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Taghreed Hirz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.); (D.B.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David B. Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.M.); (T.H.); (D.B.S.)
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Irina U. Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Reddy V, Hwang C, Reddy GPV, Kim SH. A Novel Role of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen in Telomere Stability in Prostate Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1176-1185. [PMID: 37477641 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression increases with prostate cancer grade and progression; however, the role of PSMA in prostate cancer progression remains poorly understood. Telomere stability is essential for the survival and genome stability of cancer cells. We found massive telomere DNA damage in PSMA-negative prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU145) compared with PSMA-positive prostate cancer (LNCaP) cells. The ectopic expression of PSMA suppressed telomere DNA damage in PC3 cells. PSMA inhibitor, 2-PMPA, and PSMA knockdown induced telomere DNA damage in PSMA-positive LNCaP cells but not in PSMA-negative PC-3 cells, suggesting that PSMA plays a critical role in telomere stability in prostate cancer cells. In addition, we observed that inhibition of PSMA or inhibition of glutamate receptor, which mediates PSMA-dependent activation of AKT, suppressed AKT phosphorylation, and caused telomere DNA damage. Furthermore, 2-PMPA-induced telomere DNA damage in LNCaP cells was associated with telomere aberrations, such as telomere-telomere fusions, sister-chromatid telomere fusions, and telomere breakages. AKT is reported to promote cell growth by stabilizing telomere association with telomere-binding proteins TRF1 and TPP1. We observed that TRF1 and TPP1 transfection of LNCaP cells attenuated the inhibitory effect of 2-PMPA on cell growth and telomere DNA damage. Together, these observations indicate that PSMA role in maintaining telomere stability in prostate cancer cells is mediated by AKT. Thus, these studies reveal an important role of PSMA in maintaining telomere stability that can promote cell survival and, thereby, prostate cancer progression. IMPLICATIONS Role of PSMA in telomere stability suggests a strong correlation between PSMA expression and prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyavathi Reddy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Clara Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - G Prem-Veer Reddy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sahn-Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Physiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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19
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Al-Toubat M, Serrano S, Elshafei A, Koul K, Feibus AH, Balaji KC. Metastatic prostate cancer is associated with distinct higher frequency of genetic mutations at diagnosis. Urol Oncol 2023; 41:455.e7-455.e15. [PMID: 37838503 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES We explored characteristic genetic mutations associated with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) by comparing next generation sequencing (NGS) data between men with or without metastatic disease at diagnosis. METHODS We queried the American Association for Cancer Research Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) registry for men diagnosed with PCa. Patients were categorized into with (M1) or without metastatic disease (M0) groups. The difference in the frequency of genetic mutations between the two groups and the prognostic significance of the mutations were analyzed using SPSS V28. We included frequency rate of > 5% and P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant to maintain over 95% true positive detection rate. RESULTS Of a total of 10,580 patients with diagnosis of PCa in the dataset, we selected a study cohort of 1268 patients without missing data; 700 (55.2%) had nonmetastatic PCa, 421 (33.2%) and 147 (11.6%) patients had metastatic castration sensitive and resistant PCa respectively. The median age at diagnosis and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level for the entire cohort was 62.8 years (IQR 56.3-68.4) and 8.0 ng/ml (IQR 4.9-20.9) respectively. A vast majority of the cohort were of Caucasian ancestry (89.1%). Of a total of 561 genes sequenced, there were mutations in 79 genes (14.1%). The mutation frequency was significantly higher in M1PCa compared to M0PCa, 35.7% and 23.3%, respectively (P = <0.001). The median tumor mutational burden was also significantly higher in the samples from M1PCa (2.59 mut/MB) compared to M0PCa (1.96 mut/MB) (P < 0.001). Compared to M0PCa patients, M1PCa patients demonstrated significantly higher rate of genetic mutations; TP53 (38.73% vs. 17.71% P < 0.001), PTEN (25.70% vs. 11.71% P < 0.001), AR (17.25% vs. 1.43% P < 0.001), APC (11.8% vs. 4.43% P < 0.001), TMPRSS2 (31.5% vs. 11.14% P < 0.001), ERG (23.59% vs. 13.13% P < 0.001), FOXA1 (17.43% vs. 6.33% P < 0.001), MYC (8.45% vs. 2.29% P < 0.001), RB1 (10.39% vs. 2.43% P < 0.001) and CDK12 (8.45% vs. 1.31% P < 0.001). Of the various cellular signaling pathways, the androgen receptor signaling pathway was most often impacted. In the cohort with M1 disease, compared to men without genetic mutations the men with genetic mutations demonstrated worse survival (P = <0.001, log rank test). Compared to castration sensitive M1 patients, AR (57% vs. 4% P < 0.001), TP53 (50.7% vs. 34% P < 0.001), PTEN (35.2% vs. 22.1% P < 0.001), RB1(23.9% vs. 4.75% P < 0.001) were significantly more frequently mutated in castration resistant M1 patients. In contrast, mutations of SPOP (13.3% vs. 7.9% P < 0.001), FOXA1 (17.6% vs. 5.3% P < 0.001) and CDK12 (12% vs. 6.45% P < 0.001) were significantly more frequently found in castration sensitive M1 patients compared to castration resistant patients. CONCLUSION Patients with M1PCa demonstrated characteristic genetic mutations compared to M0PCa, which most often influenced androgen receptor signaling and is associated with worse survival. In addition, we identified distinct genetic mutations between castration sensitive and resistant M1PCa. These findings may be used to further our understanding and management of men with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Toubat
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Samuel Serrano
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Ahmed Elshafei
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Kashyap Koul
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Allison H Feibus
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - K C Balaji
- Department of Urology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL.
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20
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Dai C, Dehm SM, Sharifi N. Targeting the Androgen Signaling Axis in Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4267-4278. [PMID: 37429011 PMCID: PMC10852396 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-driven transcriptional programs is central to the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Despite successful translational efforts in targeting AR, therapeutic resistance often occurs as a result of molecular alterations in the androgen signaling axis. The efficacy of next-generation AR-directed therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer has provided crucial clinical validation for the continued dependence on AR signaling and introduced a range of new treatment options for men with both castration-resistant and castration-sensitive disease. Despite this, however, metastatic prostate cancer largely remains an incurable disease, highlighting the need to better understand the diverse mechanisms by which tumors thwart AR-directed therapies, which may inform new therapeutic avenues. In this review, we revisit concepts in AR signaling and current understandings of AR signaling-dependent resistance mechanisms as well as the next frontier of AR targeting in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Dai
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Desai Sethi Urology Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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21
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Bitting RL, Wu Y, Somarelli JA, Proudfoot JA, Liu Y, Davicioni E, George DJ, Armstrong AJ. Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Outcomes in Recurrent Prostate Cancer Treated With Salvage Radiation, Androgen-Deprivation Therapy, and Enzalutamide: Correlative Analysis of the STREAM Trial. JCO Precis Oncol 2023; 7:e2300214. [PMID: 37595184 PMCID: PMC10581641 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Men with rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after radical prostatectomy (RP) may progress despite radiation and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). Tissue-based transcriptomic signatures can identify who may benefit from a more aggressive systemic approach. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospective phase II multicenter trial of enzalutamide, ADT, and salvage radiotherapy in men with rising PSA after RP. Tumor tissue was analyzed using the Decipher platform for gene expression, including a novel prostate subtyping classifier, PTEN loss, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), and ADT response. Cox models were used to associate signature scores with progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Of the 38 men enrolled, 31 had tissue with sufficient-quality RNA for genomic analysis. Luminal differentiated (LD) subtype tumors had the longest 3-year PFS at 89% compared with 19% in the luminal proliferating subtype. Men with signatures of PTEN loss (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.64; P = .01) or HRD (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.39; P = .009) had worse PFS, while those with higher ADT response signature scores (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.94; P = .01) were associated with improved PFS. Analysis of these signatures in a large cohort (n = 5,330) of RP samples from patients with biochemical recurrence found that these signatures provide complementary information related to outcomes with salvage radiation. CONCLUSION Despite aggressive systemic therapy with salvage radiation, nearly 50% of high-risk men relapse within 3 years. We show that LD and higher ADT sensitivity tumors had favorable outcomes. Those with a luminal proliferating subtype, PTEN loss, and/or HRD signatures had poor outcomes despite ADT/radiation and enzalutamide and may benefit from alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L. Bitting
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC
| | - Yuan Wu
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC
| | - Jason A. Somarelli
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Veracyte, Inc, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Daniel J. George
- Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC
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22
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DU K, Wu X, Ji X, Liang N, Li Z. Early growth response 1 promoted the invasion of glioblastoma multiforme by elevating HMGB1. J Neurosurg Sci 2023; 67:422-430. [PMID: 33297605 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.20.05107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and deadly glioma subtype. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) participates in the progression of several cancer types, but the expression and function of EGR1 in GBM was rarely investigated. METHODS The expressions of EGR1 in GBM were detected with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 12 pairs of fresh GBM tissues and 116 paraffin-embedded specimens. The patients were divided into high and low EGR1 groups according to the IHC score of EGR1, and the prognostic significances of different groups were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. With in-vitro experiments, we assessed the role of EGR1 in the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. RESULTS In our study, EGR1 was up-regulated in GBM tissues compared with tumor-adjacent normal tissues. High expression of EGR1 or HMGB1 were unfavorable prognostic biomarkers of GBM. Coexpression of EGR1 and HMGB1 could predict the prognosis of GBM more sensitively. EGR1 facilitated the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Moreover, EGR1 promoted the invasion, instead of proliferation, of GBM cells by elevating the expression of HMGB1. CONCLUSIONS ERG1 was a prognostic biomarker of GBM, and ERG1 and HMGB1 synergistically could predict the GBM prognosis more precisely. ERG1 could promote GBM cell invasion by inducing HMGB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai DU
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China -
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23
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Horton C, Liu Y, Wang J, Green J, Tsyporin J, Chen B, Wang ZA. Modulation of the canonical Wnt activity by androgen signaling in prostate epithelial basal stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1355-1370. [PMID: 37172587 PMCID: PMC10277819 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both the canonical Wnt and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways are important for prostate organogenesis and homeostasis. How they crosstalk to regulate prostate stem cell behaviors remains unclear. Here, we show in lineage-tracing mouse models that although Wnt is essential for basal stem cell multipotency, ectopic Wnt activity promotes basal cell over-proliferation and squamous phenotypes, which are counteracted by elevated levels of androgen. In prostate basal cell organoids, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) antagonizes R-spondin-stimulated growth in a concentration-dependent manner. DHT down-regulates the expressions of a Wnt reporter and target genes, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses identify Wnt signaling as a key altered pathway. Mechanistically, DHT enhances AR and β-catenin protein binding, and CUT&RUN analyses reveal that ectopic AR sequesters β-catenin away from its Wnt-related cistrome. Our results suggest that an intermediate level of Wnt activity in prostate basal stem cells, achieved via AR-β-catenin interaction, is essential for normal prostate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrigan Horton
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Yueli Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Sequencing Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jonathan Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jeremiah Tsyporin
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Zhu A Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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24
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Zeng J, Chen J, Li M, Zhong C, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Jiang F, Fang S, Zhong W. Integrated high-throughput analysis identifies super enhancers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1191129. [PMID: 37292153 PMCID: PMC10244677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a highly aggressive stage of prostate cancer, and non-mutational epigenetic reprogramming plays a critical role in its progression. Super enhancers (SE), epigenetic elements, are involved in multiple tumor-promoting signaling pathways. However, the SE-mediated mechanism in mCRPC remains unclear. Methods: SE-associated genes and transcription factors were identified from a cell line (C4-2B) of mCRPC by the CUT&Tag assay. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between mCRPC and primary prostate cancer (PCa) samples in the GSE35988 dataset were identified. What's more, a recurrence risk prediction model was constructed based on the overlapping genes (termed SE-associated DEGs). To confirm the key SE-associated DEGs, BET inhibitor JQ1 was applied to cells to block SE-mediated transcription. Finally, single-cell analysis was performed to visualize cell subpopulations expressing the key SE-associated DEGs. Results: Nine human TFs, 867 SE-associated genes and 5417 DEGs were identified. 142 overlapping SE-associated DEGs showed excellent performance in recurrence prediction. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed strong predictive power at 1 year (0.80), 3 years (0.85), and 5 years (0.88). The efficacy of his performance has also been validated in external datasets. In addition, FKBP5 activity was significantly inhibited by JQ1. Conclusion: We present a landscape of SE and their associated genes in mCPRC, and discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings in terms of their translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maozhang Li
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanfan Zhong
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zezhen Liu
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Funeng Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shumin Fang
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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25
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Conway JR, Warren SC, Lee YK, McCulloch AT, Magenau A, Lee V, Metcalf XL, Stoehr J, Haigh K, Abdulkhalek L, Guaman CS, Reed DA, Murphy KJ, Pereira BA, Mélénec P, Chambers C, Latham SL, Lenthall H, Deenick EK, Ma Y, Phan T, Lim E, Joshua AM, Walters S, Grey ST, Shi YC, Zhang L, Herzog H, Croucher DR, Philp A, Scheele CL, Herrmann D, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Papa A, Haigh JJ, Nobis M, Timpson P. Monitoring AKT activity and targeting in live tissue and disease contexts using a real-time Akt-FRET biosensor mouse. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9063. [PMID: 37126544 PMCID: PMC10132756 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant AKT activation occurs in a number of cancers, metabolic syndrome, and immune disorders, making it an important target for the treatment of many diseases. To monitor spatial and temporal AKT activity in a live setting, we generated an Akt-FRET biosensor mouse that allows longitudinal assessment of AKT activity using intravital imaging in conjunction with image stabilization and optical window technology. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the Akt-FRET biosensor mouse using various cancer models and verify its suitability to monitor response to drug targeting in spheroid and organotypic models. We also show that the dynamics of AKT activation can be monitored in real time in diverse tissues, including in individual islets of the pancreas, in the brown and white adipose tissue, and in the skeletal muscle. Thus, the Akt-FRET biosensor mouse provides an important tool to study AKT dynamics in live tissue contexts and has broad preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. W. Conway
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C. Warren
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Young-Kyung Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew T. McCulloch
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Randwick Clinical Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Astrid Magenau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xanthe L. Metcalf
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Katharina Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lea Abdulkhalek
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cristian S. Guaman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A. Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J. Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Brooke A. Pereira
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pauline Mélénec
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cecilia Chambers
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sharissa L. Latham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Helen Lenthall
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elissa K. Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yuanqing Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Tri Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anthony M. Joshua
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stacey Walters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Shane T. Grey
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Yan-Chuan Shi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David R. Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andy Philp
- School of Clinical Medicine, Randwick Clinical Campus, UNSW Sydney, Centre for Healthy Ageing, Centenary Institute, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Colinda L.G.J. Scheele
- Laboratory for Intravital Imaging and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G611BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G611QH, UK
| | - Antonella Papa
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jody J. Haigh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Max Nobis
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Laboratory for Intravital Imaging and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Intravital Imaging Expertise Center, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
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26
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Li D, Zhan Y, Wang N, Tang F, Lee CJ, Bayshtok G, Moore AR, Wong EW, Pachai MR, Xie Y, Sher J, Zhao JL, Khudoynazarova M, Gopalan A, Chan J, Khurana E, Shepherd P, Navone NM, Chi P, Chen Y. ETV4 mediates dosage-dependent prostate tumor initiation and cooperates with p53 loss to generate prostate cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc9446. [PMID: 37018402 PMCID: PMC10075989 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying ETS-driven prostate cancer initiation and progression remain poorly understood due to a lack of model systems that recapitulate this phenotype. We generated a genetically engineered mouse with prostate-specific expression of the ETS factor, ETV4, at lower and higher protein dosage through mutation of its degron. Lower-level expression of ETV4 caused mild luminal cell expansion without histologic abnormalities, and higher-level expression of stabilized ETV4 caused prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) with 100% penetrance within 1 week. Tumor progression was limited by p53-mediated senescence and Trp53 deletion cooperated with stabilized ETV4. The neoplastic cells expressed differentiation markers such as Nkx3.1 recapitulating luminal gene expression features of untreated human prostate cancer. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing showed that stabilized ETV4 induced a previously unidentified luminal-derived expression cluster with signatures of cell cycle, senescence, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These data suggest that ETS overexpression alone, at sufficient dosage, can initiate prostate neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Zhan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Naitao Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fanying Tang
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Cindy J. Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriella Bayshtok
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Amanda R. Moore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elissa W. P. Wong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohini R. Pachai
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jessica Sher
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jimmy L. Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Makhzuna Khudoynazarova
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph Chan
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ekta Khurana
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Peter Shepherd
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Sailer V, von Amsberg G, Duensing S, Kirfel J, Lieb V, Metzger E, Offermann A, Pantel K, Schuele R, Taubert H, Wach S, Perner S, Werner S, Aigner A. Experimental in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:158-178. [PMID: 36451039 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has a central role in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, often causing initial tumour remission before increasing independence from signal transduction mechanisms of the androgen receptor and then eventual disease progression. Novel treatment approaches are urgently needed, but only a fraction of promising drug candidates from the laboratory will eventually reach clinical approval, highlighting the demand for critical assessment of current preclinical models. Such models include standard, genetically modified and patient-derived cell lines, spheroid and organoid culture models, scaffold and hydrogel cultures, tissue slices, tumour xenograft models, patient-derived xenograft and circulating tumour cell eXplant models as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models. These models need to account for inter-patient and intra-patient heterogeneity, the acquisition of primary or secondary resistance, the interaction of tumour cells with their microenvironment, which make crucial contributions to tumour progression and resistance, as well as the effects of the 3D tissue network on drug penetration, bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Cancer Center Hamburg Eppendorf and Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Metzger
- Department of Urology, Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumour Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Clinics Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum HaTRiCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schuele
- Department of Urology, Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Institute for Tumour Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Clinics Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum HaTRiCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Wang EC, Lee WR, Armstrong AJ. Second generation anti-androgens and androgen deprivation therapy with radiation therapy in the definitive management of high-risk prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023; 26:30-40. [PMID: 36203051 PMCID: PMC10033329 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-022-00598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving data suggest that men with high-risk localized prostate cancer may benefit from more potent androgen receptor inhibition in the context of curative intent radiotherapy. Recently updated American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) evidence-based guidelines and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines have updated recommendations for the consideration of adding second generation anti-androgens to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in men receiving radiation therapy (RT) for noncastrate locally advanced high and very high risk nonmetastatic or node positive prostate cancer. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive review of existing published and abstract presented evidence behind RT with ADT for the definitive management of high-risk prostate cancer, particularly focused on the current phase II and III trial evidence for the addition of second generation anti-androgens to ADT in definitive RT treatment of high-risk prostate cancer and specifically focused on the recent STAMPEDE trial results with abiraterone acetate. We review the biological mechanisms in which second generation anti-androgens may help mitigate ADT resistance and provide radiosensitization through inhibition of DNA repair. Finally, we discuss ongoing clinical trials of potent androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors with ADT in this non-metastatic high-risk radiotherapy setting that may inform on future treatment guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Recent data suggest an overall survival benefit as well as increased probabilities of disease free and metastasis free survival in men with high and very high-risk localized, node positive, and oligometastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer with abiraterone acetate and prednisone and support the use of potent AR inhibitors in this setting after informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina C Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Robert Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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29
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Tucci P, Brown I, Bewick GS, Pertwee RG, Marini P. The Plant Derived 3-3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) Behaves as CB 2 Receptor Agonist in Prostate Cancer Cellular Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043620. [PMID: 36835033 PMCID: PMC9962283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a biologically active dimer derived from the endogenous conversion of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring glucosinolate found in many cruciferous vegetables (i.e., Brassicaceae). DIM was the first pure androgen receptor antagonist isolated from the Brassicaceae family and has been recently investigated for its potential pharmacological use in prostate cancer prevention and treatment. Interestingly, there is evidence that DIM can also interact with cannabinoid receptors. In this context, by considering the well-known involvement of the endocannabinoid system in prostate cancer, we have pharmacologically characterized the properties of DIM on both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in two human prostate cancer cell lines: PC3 (androgen-independent/androgen receptor negative) and LNCaP (androgen-dependent). In the PC3 cell line, DIM was able to activate CB2 receptors and potentially associated apoptotic pathways. On the other hand, although DIM was also able to activate CB2 receptors in the LNCaP cell line, no apoptotic effects were observed. Our evidence confirms that DIM is a CB2 receptor ligand and, moreover, it has a potential anti-proliferative effect on androgen-independent/androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Iain Brown
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Guy S. Bewick
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Roger G. Pertwee
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Pietro Marini
- Institute of Education in Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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30
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Triscott J, Reist M, Küng L, Moselle FC, Lehner M, Gallon J, Ravi A, Arora GK, de Brot S, Lundquist M, Gallart-Ayala H, Ivanisevic J, Piscuoglio S, Cantley LC, Emerling BM, Rubin MA. PI5P4Kα supports prostate cancer metabolism and exposes a survival vulnerability during androgen receptor inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8641. [PMID: 36724278 PMCID: PMC9891700 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)regulating enzymes are frequently altered in cancer and have become a focus for drug development. Here, we explore the phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4K), a family of lipid kinases that regulate pools of intracellular PI, and demonstrate that the PI5P4Kα isoform influences androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which supports prostate cancer (PCa) cell survival. The regulation of PI becomes increasingly important in the setting of metabolic stress adaptation of PCa during androgen deprivation (AD), as we show that AD influences PI abundance and enhances intracellular pools of PI-4,5-P2. We suggest that this PI5P4Kα-AR relationship is mitigated through mTORC1 dysregulation and show that PI5P4Kα colocalizes to the lysosome, the intracellular site of mTORC1 complex activation. Notably, this relationship becomes prominent in mouse prostate tissue following surgical castration. Finally, multiple PCa cell models demonstrate marked survival vulnerability following stable PI5P4Kα inhibition. These results nominate PI5P4Kα as a target to disrupt PCa metabolic adaptation to castrate resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Triscott
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Reist
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Küng
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - Francielle C. Moselle
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marika Lehner
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
| | - John Gallon
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Archna Ravi
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gurpreet K. Arora
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Lundquist
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Visceral Surgery and Precision Medicine Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lewis C. Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mark A. Rubin
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern 3008, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern and Inselspital, Bern 3008, Switzerland
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31
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Raith F, O’Donovan DH, Lemos C, Politz O, Haendler B. Addressing the Reciprocal Crosstalk between the AR and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032289. [PMID: 36768610 PMCID: PMC9917236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction in androgen synthesis and the blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) function by chemical castration and AR signaling inhibitors represent the main treatment lines for the initial stages of prostate cancer. Unfortunately, resistance mechanisms ultimately develop due to alterations in the AR pathway, such as gene amplification or mutations, and also the emergence of alternative pathways that render the tumor less or, more rarely, completely independent of androgen activation. An essential oncogenic axis activated in prostate cancer is the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as evidenced by the frequent alterations of the negative regulator phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and by the activating mutations in PI3K subunits. Additionally, crosstalk and reciprocal feedback loops between androgen signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade that activate pro-survival signals and play an essential role in disease recurrence and progression have been evidenced. Inhibitors addressing different players of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been evaluated in the clinic. Only a limited benefit has been reported in prostate cancer up to now due to the associated side effects, so novel combination approaches and biomarkers predictive of patient response are urgently needed. Here, we reviewed recent data on the crosstalk between AR signaling and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the selective inhibitors identified, and the most advanced clinical studies, with a focus on combination treatments. A deeper understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms involved in disease progression and treatment resistance is essential to further guide therapeutic approaches with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Raith
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel H. O’Donovan
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clara Lemos
- Bayer Research and Innovation Center, Bayer US LLC, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Oliver Politz
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-2215-41198
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AKT1 regulates UHRF1 protein stability and promotes the resistance to abiraterone in prostate cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 36593255 PMCID: PMC9807647 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, together with epigenetic aberrations are the characters of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). UHRF1 as a key epigenetic regulator, plays a critical role in prostate cancer (PCa) development, and its expression is positively correlated with the degree of malignancy. In this present study we investigated the potential regulatory mechanism of AKT1 on UHRF1, and further validated the in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of AKT phosphorylation inhibitor MK2206 in combination with abiraterone. Both UHRF1 and p-AKT aberrantly overexpressed in the abiraterone-resistant PCa cells. Further studies revealed that AKT1 protein interacts with UHRF1, and AKT1 directly phosphorylates UHRF1 via the site Thr-210. MK2206 induced UHRF1 protein degradation by inhibiting AKT1-induced UHRF1 phosphorylation, and then reduced the interaction between UHRF1 and deubiquitinase USP7, while promoted the interaction between UHRF1 and E3 ubiquitin protein ligase BTRC. MK2206 significantly promoted the sensitivity of abiraterone-refractory PCa cells and xenografts to abiraterone by decreasing UHRF1 protein level, and reversed the phenotype of NEPC, evently induced cellular senescence and cell apoptosis. Altogether, our present study for the first time revealed a novel molecular mechanism of abiraterone resistance through PI3K/AKT-UHRF1 pathway, and provided a novel therapeutic modality by targeting PI3K/AKT1 to promote the drug sensitivity of abiraterone in PCa patients.
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33
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Basílio J, Hochreiter B, Hoesel B, Sheshori E, Mussbacher M, Hanel R, Schmid JA. Antagonistic Functions of Androgen Receptor and NF-κB in Prostate Cancer-Experimental and Computational Analyses. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246164. [PMID: 36551650 PMCID: PMC9776608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is very frequent and is, in many countries, the third-leading cause of cancer related death in men. While early diagnosis and treatment by surgical removal is often curative, metastasizing prostate cancer has a very bad prognosis. Based on the androgen-dependence of prostate epithelial cells, the standard treatment is blockade of the androgen receptor (AR). However, nearly all patients suffer from a tumor relapse as the metastasizing cells become AR-independent. In our study we show a counter-regulatory link between AR and NF-κB both in human cells and in mouse models of prostate cancer, implying that inhibition of AR signaling results in induction of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathways, which may even foster the survival of metastasizing cells. This could be shown by reporter gene assays, DNA-binding measurements, and immune-fluorescence microscopy, and furthermore by a whole set of computational methods using a variety of datasets. Interestingly, loss of PTEN, a frequent genetic alteration in prostate cancer, also causes an upregulation of NF-κB and inflammatory activity. Finally, we present a mathematical model of a dynamic network between AR, NF-κB/IκB, PI3K/PTEN, and the oncogene c-Myc, which indicates that AR blockade may upregulate c-Myc together with NF-κB, and that combined anti-AR/anti-NF-κB and anti-PI3K treatment might be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Basílio
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- INESC ID—Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua Alves Redol 9, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernhard Hochreiter
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emira Sheshori
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Mussbacher
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Hanel
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstaedter Strasse 39, 1080 Vienna, Austria
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40160-31155
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34
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Dahiya V, Bagchi G. Non-canonical androgen signaling pathways and implications in prostate cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119357. [PMID: 36100060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Androgen signaling is a critical determinant of timely and proper development of all male organs including the prostate. Maturation of prostate and its neoplastic transformation is intricately associated with accurate androgen signaling. Ablation of androgen has therefore been the primary treatment mechanism of Prostate cancer (PCa) patients for several decades. Upon removal, the tumor recedes for a while, yet it reappears soon, in an androgen independent state, untreatable by current therapeutic regimens. Studies reveal that apart from the classical androgen signaling pathway known and targeted for almost a century, there exist several non-canonical pathways, with marked impact on classical androgen signaling and PCa growth. These include non-genomic signaling by androgens via alternate membrane GPCRs, signaling by non-androgens that ultimately impact the androgen signaling pathway, or an integration of non-genomic and genomic response as seen in case of protein kinase A activation. Accurate understanding of these various non-canonical androgen signaling pathways and their influence on the typical androgen signaling pathway can help design important interventions for PCa patients. This review analyses in detail the various non-classical androgen signaling pathways and their impact, if any, on classical mode of androgen action and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Versha Dahiya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, India, 122413
| | - Gargi Bagchi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, India, 122413.
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35
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Sutaria DS, Agarwal P, Huang K, Miles DR, Rotmensch J, Hinton H, Gallo JD, Rasuo G, Sane RS. Mitigating ipatasertib-induced glucose increase through dose and meal timing modifications. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2989-2999. [PMID: 36197694 PMCID: PMC9747122 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ipatasertib, an AKT inhibitor, in combination with prednisone and abiraterone, is under evaluation for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Hyperglycemia is an on-target effect of ipatasertib. An open-label, single-arm, single-sequence, signal-seeking study (n = 25 mCRPC patients) was conducted to evaluate the glucose changes across four different treatment periods: ipatasertib alone, ipatasertib-prednisone combination, ipatasertib-prednisone-abiraterone combination (morning dose), and ipatasertib-prednisone-abiraterone combination (evening dose). Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was used in this study to compare the dynamic glucose changes across the different treatment periods. Four key parameters: average glucose, peak glucose and % time in range (70-180 and >180 mg/dl) were evaluated for this comparison. Ipatasertib-prednisone-abiraterone combination when administered in the morning after an overnight fast significantly increased average glucose, peak glucose and % time in range >180 mg/dl compared to ipatasertib monotherapy. Ipatasertib, when co-administered with abiraterone, increased ipatasertib and M1 (G-037720) metabolite exposures by approximately 1.5- and 2.2-fold, respectively. Exposure-response analysis results show that increased exposures of ipatasertib in combination with abiraterone are associated with increased glucose levels. When ipatasertib-prednisone-abiraterone combination was administered as an evening dose compared to a morning dose, lowered peak glucose and improved % time in range was observed. The results from this study suggest that dosing ipatasertib after an evening meal followed by overnight fasting can be an effective strategy for managing increased glucose levels.
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Huang Y, Zhai Y, Wu M, Chang C, Luo J, Hong D, Zhao Q, Dai Y, Liu J. Targeting mTOR Complex 2 in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer with Acquired Docetaxel Resistance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3817-3828. [PMID: 36388085 PMCID: PMC9642805 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s376474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammalian Target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a central role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, and cell cycle. The key component of mTORC2 is highly expressed in docetaxel-resistant prostate cells. However, the underlying molecular effects on prostate cells remain unclear. METHODS A docetaxel-resistant human prostate cell line (PC-3/DTX) was constructed to investigate the role of mTORC2 in docetaxel resistance. The lentivirus was transfected into cells to knock down the expression of Rictor, and cell viability was measured by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8). Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle, and the changes in related signal cascades were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Western blot. RESULTS Docetaxel showed the lowest IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) in PC-3/DTX cells with sh-RNA. Decreased Rictor expression resulted in a larger proportion of arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase in PC-3/DTX cells. The IC50 values of the AZD8055 group were lower than in the Rapamycin group when treated with docetaxel again. Furthermore, a larger proportion of PC-3/DTX cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase in the AZD8055 group compared to the Rapamycin group. The IHC results of the prostate cancer tissues from a CRPC patient revealed the over expression of Rictor only, while Raptor expression was unaffected. CONCLUSION We investigated the role of mTORC2 signaling on the acquired docetaxel -resistant PC-3 cells to identify potential methods for clinical treatment. MTORC2 expression is essential for docetaxel drug resistance of PC-3 cells. The mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD8055 caused more significant disruption of mTORC2 kinase activity than the mTORC1 inhibitor Rapamycin, which lead to decreased docetaxel-mediated resistance. Therefore, reversing docetaxel resistance, may become a therapeutic option in the treatment of mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Zhai
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meijia Wu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengdong Chang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jindan Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Hong
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shore N, Mellado B, Shah S, Hauke R, Costin D, Adra N, Cullberg M, Teruel CF, Morris T. A phase I study of capivasertib in combination with abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 21:278-285. [PMID: 36572571 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although androgen receptor-targeted agents prolong the lives of patients with metastatic prostate cancer, patients develop therapy resistance and most ultimately succumb to the disease. The PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway has been associated with the development of resistance, raising the possibility that pathway inhibitors may produce a clinical benefit. This open-label phase Ib study examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and preliminary clinical activity of adding capivasertib - a potent, selective inhibitor of AKT1/2/3 - to approved abiraterone acetate therapy. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who had undergone at least 1 prior line of systemic therapy received abiraterone acetate 1000 mg (orally administered once daily), plus oral prednisone 5 mg (twice daily) with capivasertib 400 mg (orally, twice daily, with an intermittent schedule of 4 days on, 3 days off). RESULTS No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. The most frequent adverse events (all grade) were diarrhea (30%), anemia (26%), asthenia (22%), and nausea (22%). The most frequent grade 3 or higher adverse events were acute kidney injury (19%), hyperglycemia (7%), rash (7%), abdominal pain (7%), and asthenia (7%). Capivasertib and abiraterone PK were consistent with previously reported results from monotherapy dosing. Nine participants (33%) showed a 20% or greater decrease in prostate-specific antigen during study treatment. CONCLUSION The combination of capivasertib and abiraterone acetate had an acceptable tolerability profile consistent with the known profile of each agent. These data support further evaluation of capivasertib and abiraterone acetate in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Co-Targeting ErbB Receptors and the PI3K/AKT Axis in Androgen-Independent Taxane-Sensitive and Taxane-Resistant Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194626. [PMID: 36230550 PMCID: PMC9561990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advanced prostate cancer that has progressed after standard therapies such as hormone therapy and taxane-based chemotherapies is an invariably lethal disease state with limited treatment options. There remains an important need to continue to identify new treatment approaches for such patients. We used two cell culture models of prostate cancer that are resistant to hormonal therapy and chemotherapy, and which also manifest some characteristics that are often associated with advanced prostate cancer, such as neuroendocrine differentiation, to evaluate the potential anti-cancer effects of targeting the key molecules, ErbB receptors and AKT. Using several complementary approaches, we found that the concurrent targeting of ErbB receptors and AKT with specific inhibitors was more effective than targeting each of them individually, independent of the underlying molecular characteristics or relative degrees of resistance to the taxanes that defined the prostate cancer models that were studied. Enhanced anti-tumor responses occurred both in vitro and in vivo with dual targeting, with the consistent inhibition particularly of AKT occurring in both settings. These studies provide a framework to evaluate the role of signal pathway modulation as a potential therapeutic strategy in treatment-refractory prostate cancer. Abstract Using two representative models of androgen-independent prostate cancer (PCa), PC3 and DU145, and their respective paclitaxel- and docetaxel-resistant derivatives, we explored the anti-tumor activity of targeting the ErbB receptors and AKT using small-molecule kinase inhibitors. These cells manifest varying degrees of neuroendocrine differentiation characteristics and differ in their expression of functional PTEN. Although the specific downstream signaling events post the ErbB receptor and AKT co-targeting varied between the PC3- and DU145-lineage cells, synergistic anti-proliferative and enhanced pro-apoptotic responses occurred across the wild-type and the taxane-resistant cells, independent of their basal AKT activation state, their degree of paclitaxel- or docetaxel-resistance, or whether this resistance was mediated by the ATP Binding Cassette transport proteins. Dual targeting also led to enhanced anti-tumor responses in vivo, although there was pharmacodynamic discordance between the PCa cells in culture versus the tumor xenografts in terms of the relative activation and inhibition states of AKT and ERK under basal conditions and upon AKT and/or ErbB targeting. The consistent inhibition, particularly of AKT, occurred both in vitro and in vivo, independent of the underlying PTEN status. Thus, co-targeting AKT with ErbB, and possibly other partners, may be a useful strategy to explore further for potential therapeutic effect in advanced PCa.
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Shiau JP, Chuang YT, Tang JY, Yang KH, Chang FR, Hou MF, Yen CY, Chang HW. The Impact of Oxidative Stress and AKT Pathway on Cancer Cell Functions and Its Application to Natural Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1845. [PMID: 36139919 PMCID: PMC9495789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) are responsible for regulating several cell functions of cancer cells. Several natural products modulate both oxidative stress and AKT for anticancer effects. However, the impact of natural product-modulating oxidative stress and AKT on cell functions lacks systemic understanding. Notably, the contribution of regulating cell functions by AKT downstream effectors is not yet well integrated. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and AKT pathway (AKT/AKT effectors) on ten cell functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response, senescence, migration, and cell-cycle progression. The impact of oxidative stress and AKT are connected to these cell functions through cell function mediators. Moreover, the AKT effectors related to cell functions are integrated. Based on this rationale, natural products with the modulating abilities for oxidative stress and AKT pathway exhibit the potential to regulate these cell functions, but some were rarely reported, particularly for AKT effectors. This review sheds light on understanding the roles of oxidative stress and AKT pathway in regulating cell functions, providing future directions for natural products in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ping Shiau
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan or
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Yang Tang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan or
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Yen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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Chakraborty G, Nandakumar S, Hirani R, Nguyen B, Stopsack KH, Kreitzer C, Rajanala SH, Ghale R, Mazzu YZ, Pillarsetty NVK, Mary Lee GS, Scher HI, Morris MJ, Traina T, Razavi P, Abida W, Durack JC, Solomon SB, Vander Heiden MG, Mucci LA, Wibmer AG, Schultz N, Kantoff PW. The Impact of PIK3R1 Mutations and Insulin-PI3K-Glycolytic Pathway Regulation in Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3603-3617. [PMID: 35670774 PMCID: PMC9438279 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncogenic alterations of the PI3K/AKT pathway occur in >40% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, predominantly via PTEN loss. The significance of other PI3K pathway components in prostate cancer is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients in this study underwent tumor sequencing using the MSK-IMPACT clinical assay to capture single-nucleotide variants, insertions, and deletions; copy-number alterations; and structural rearrangements, or were profiled through The Cancer Genome Atlas. The association between PIK3R1 alteration/expression and survival was evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models. We used the siRNA-based knockdown of PIK3R1 for functional studies. FDG-PET/CT examinations were performed with a hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanner for some prostate cancer patients in the MSK-IMPACT cohort. RESULTS Analyzing 1,417 human prostate cancers, we found a significant enrichment of PIK3R1 alterations in metastatic cancers compared with primary cancers. PIK3R1 alterations or reduced mRNA expression tended to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in prostate cancer, particularly in primary disease, as well as in breast, gastric, and several other cancers. In prostate cancer cell lines, PIK3R1 knockdown resulted in increased cell proliferation and AKT activity, including insulin-stimulated AKT activity. In cell lines and organoids, PIK3R1 loss/mutation was associated with increased sensitivity to AKT inhibitors. PIK3R1-altered patient prostate tumors had increased uptake of the glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET imaging, suggesting increased glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings describe a novel genomic feature in metastatic prostate cancer and suggest that PIK3R1 alteration may be a key event for insulin-PI3K-glycolytic pathway regulation in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rahim Hirani
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Bastien Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Konrad H. Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Christoph Kreitzer
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Romina Ghale
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Z. Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Howard I. Scher
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Biomarker Development Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Michael J. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Tiffany Traina
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Wassim Abida
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy C. Durack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Stephen B. Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and the Department of Biology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lorelei A. Mucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andreas G. Wibmer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Choudhury AD. PTEN-PI3K pathway alterations in advanced prostate cancer and clinical implications. Prostate 2022; 82 Suppl 1:S60-S72. [PMID: 35657152 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant advances in molecular characterization and therapeutic targeting of advanced prostate cancer, it remains the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (AKT serine/threonine kinase)/mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway is commonly altered in prostate cancer, most frequently through loss of the PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) tumor suppressor, and is critical for cancer cell proliferation, migration, and survival. METHODS This study summarizes signaling through the PTEN/PI3K pathway, alterations in pathway components commonly seen in advanced prostate cancer, and results of clinical trials of pathway inhibitors reported to date with a focus on more recently reported studies. It also reviews rationale for combination approaches currently under study, including with taxanes, immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, and discusses future directions in biomarker testing and therapeutic targeting of this pathway. RESULTS Clinical trials studying pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K, AKT or mTOR kinases have demonstrated modest activity of specific agents, with several trials of pathway inhibitors currently in progress. A key challenge is the importance of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in noncancerous tissues, leading to predictable but often severe toxicities at therapeutic doses. RESULTS Further advances in selective pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in tumors, development of rational combinations, and appropriate biomarker selection to identify the appropriate tumor- and patient-specific vulnerabilities will be required to optimize clinical benefit from therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish D Choudhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Advances in the Current Understanding of the Mechanisms Governing the Acquisition of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153744. [PMID: 35954408 PMCID: PMC9367587 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive treatment and androgen-deprivation therapy, most prostate cancer patients ultimately develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is associated with high mortality rates. However, the mechanisms governing the development of CRPC are poorly understood, and androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been shown to be important in CRPC through AR gene mutations, gene overexpression, co-regulatory factors, AR shear variants, and androgen resynthesis. A growing number of non-AR pathways have also been shown to influence the CRPC progression, including the Wnt and Hh pathways. Moreover, non-coding RNAs have been identified as important regulators of the CRPC pathogenesis. The present review provides an overview of the relevant literature pertaining to the mechanisms governing the molecular acquisition of castration resistance in prostate cancer, providing a foundation for future, targeted therapeutic efforts.
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Yu H, Liu X, Sun H, Shao C. Alternations of gene expression in PI3K and AR pathways and DNA methylation features contribute to metastasis of prostate cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:436. [PMID: 35864178 PMCID: PMC11072339 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The molecular heterogeneity of prostate cancer (PCa) gives rise to distinct tumor subclasses based on epigenetic modification and gene expression signatures. Identification of clinically actionable molecular subtypes of PCa is key to improving patient outcome, and the balance between specific pathways may influence PCa outcome. It is also urgent to identify progression-related markers through cytosine-guanine (CpG) methylation in predicting metastasis for patients with PCa. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis of transcriptomic, and clinical data in an integrated cohort of 551 prostate samples. The datasets included retrospective The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts. Two algorithms, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selector Operation and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination, were used to select significant CpGs. RESULTS We found that PCa progression is more likely to occur after the third year through conditional survival (CS) analysis, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was a better predictor of Progression-free survival (PFS) than Gleason score (GS). Our study first demonstrated that PCa tumors have distinct expression profiles based on the expression of genes involved in androgen receptor (AR) and PI3K-AKT, which influence disease outcome. Our results also indicated that there are multiple phenotypes relevant to the AR-PI3K axis in PCa, where tumors with mixed phenotype may be more aggressive or have worse outcome than quiescent phenotype. In terms of epigenetics, we obtained CpG sites and their corresponding genes which have a good predictive value of PFS. However, various evidences showed that the predictive value of CpGs corresponding genes was much lower than GpG sites in Overall survival (OS) and PFS. CONCLUSIONS PCa classification specific to AR and PI3K pathways provides novel biological insight into previously established PCa subtypes and may help develop personalized therapies. Our results support the potential clinical utility of DNA methylation signatures to distinguish tumor metastasis and to predict prognosis and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Xin Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huimin Sun
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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Boccellino M, Ambrosio P, Ballini A, De Vito D, Scacco S, Cantore S, Feola A, Di Donato M, Quagliuolo L, Sciarra A, Galasso G, Crocetto F, Imbimbo C, Boffo S, Di Zazzo E, Di Domenico M. The Role of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer Cells and Derived Spheroids. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143348. [PMID: 35884410 PMCID: PMC9320241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is to inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastatic spreading. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to discover new compounds useful for PC therapy, and promising advances in this field were reached. Drugs currently used in PC therapy frequently induce resistance and PC progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), making it virtually incurable. Curcumin, a commercially available nutritional supplement, represents an attractive therapeutic agent for mCRPC patients. In the present study, we compared the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs such as docetaxel, paclitaxel, and cisplatin, to curcumin, on two PC cell lines displaying a different metastatic potential: DU145 (moderate metastatic potential) and PC-3 (high metastatic potential). Our results revealed a dose-dependent reduction of DU145 and PC-3 cell viability upon treatment with curcumin similar to chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, cisplatin, and docetaxel). Furthermore, we explored the EGFR-mediated signaling effects on ERK activation in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Our results showed that DU145 and PC-3 cells overexpress EGFR, and the treatment with chemotherapeutic agents or curcumin reduced EGFR expression levels and ERK activation. Finally, chemotherapeutic agents and curcumin reduced the size of DU145 and PC-3 spheroids and have the potential to induce apoptosis and also in Matrigel. In conclusion, despite different studies being carried out to identify the potential synergistic curcumin combinations with chemopreventive/therapeutic efficacy for inhibiting PC growth, the results show the ability of curcumin used alone, or in combinatorial approaches, to impair the size and the viability of PC-derived spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Pasqualina Ambrosio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Danila De Vito
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (D.D.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Cantore
- Independent Researcher, 70129 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Antonella Sciarra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Ciro Imbimbo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA;
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.B.); (P.A.); (A.F.); (M.D.D.); (L.Q.); (G.G.); (E.D.Z.); (M.D.D.)
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA;
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46
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Gao L, Han B, Dong X. The Androgen Receptor and Its Crosstalk With the Src Kinase During Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905398. [PMID: 35832549 PMCID: PMC9271573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the mainstay therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancers, these tumours will inevitably develop therapy resistance to AR pathway inhibitors suggesting that prostate tumour cells possess the capability to develop mechanisms to bypass their dependency on androgens and/or AR to survive and progress. In many studies, protein kinases such as Src are reported to promote prostate tumour progression. Specifically, the pro-oncogene tyrosine Src kinase regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Not only can Src be activated under androgen depletion, low androgen, and supraphysiological androgen conditions, but also through crosstalk with other oncogenic pathways. Reciprocal activations between Src and AR proteins had also been reported. These findings rationalize Src inhibitors to be used to treat castrate-resistant prostate tumours. Although several Src inhibitors had advanced to clinical trials, the failure to observe patient benefits from these studies suggests that further evaluation of the roles of Src in prostate tumours is required. Here, we summarize the interplay between Src and AR signalling during castrate-resistant prostate cancer progression to provide insights on possible approaches to treat prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xuesen Dong,
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Mai CW, Chin KY, Foong LC, Pang KL, Yu B, Shu Y, Chen S, Cheong SK, Chua CW. Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model? Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215794. [PMID: 35718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently characterized as a multifocal disease with great intratumoral heterogeneity as well as a high propensity to metastasize to bone. Consequently, modeling prostate tumor has remained a challenging task for researchers in this field. In the past decades, genomic advances have led to the identification of key molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Moreover, resistance towards second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide has unveiled androgen receptor-independent diseases with distinctive histopathological and clinical features. In this review, we have critically evaluated the commonly used preclinical models of prostate cancer with respect to their capability of recapitulating the key genomic alterations, histopathological features and bone metastatic potential of human prostate tumors. In addition, we have also discussed the potential use of the emerging organoid models in prostate cancer research, which possess clear advantages over the commonly used preclinical tumor models. We anticipate that no single model can faithfully recapitulate the complexity of prostate cancer, and thus, propose the use of a cost- and time-efficient integrated tumor modeling approach for future prostate cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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48
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Liu Y, Wang J, Horton C, Yu C, Knudsen B, Stefanson J, Hu K, Stefanson O, Green J, Guo C, Xie Q, Wang ZA. Stromal AR inhibits prostate tumor progression by restraining secretory luminal epithelial cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110848. [PMID: 35613593 PMCID: PMC9175887 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in both the prostate epithelium and the prostate stroma and plays diverse roles in prostate physiology. Although low expression of stromal AR is clinically associated with advanced cancer stage and worse outcome, whether stromal AR inhibits or promotes prostate cancer progression remains controversial. Here, we specifically delete AR in smooth muscle cells of the adult mouse prostate under two tumorigenic conditions, namely, the Hi-Myc genetic model and the T + E2 hormonal carcinogenesis model. Histology analyses show that stromal AR deletion exacerbates tumor progression phenotypes in both models. Furthermore, single-cell analyses of the tumor samples reveal that secretory luminal cells are the cell population particularly affected by stromal AR deletion, as they transition to a cellular state of potentiated PI3K-mTORC1 activities. Our results suggest that stromal AR normally inhibits prostate cancer progression by restraining secretory luminal cells and imply possible unintended negative effects of androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Sequencing Center, National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Corrigan Horton
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Beatrice Knudsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Joshua Stefanson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Ofir Stefanson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jonathan Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Charlene Guo
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Zhu A Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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49
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Khalil MI, De Benedetti A. Tousled-like kinase 1: a novel factor with multifaceted role in mCRPC progression and development of therapy resistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2022; 5:93-101. [PMID: 35582542 PMCID: PMC8992593 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment for advanced Prostate Cancer (PCa) consists of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but ultimately fails, resulting in the incurable phase of the disease: metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Targeting PCa cells before their progression to mCRPC would greatly improve the outcome, if strategies could be devised selectively targeting androgen receptor (AR)-dependent and/or independent compensatory pathways which promote mCRPC development. Combination therapy by targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) along with ADT has been limited by general toxicity, and a goal of clinical trials is how to target the DDR more specifically. In recent years, our lab has identified a key role for the DDR kinase, TLK1, in mediating key aspects of adaptation to ADT, first by promoting a cell cycle arrest (through the TLK1>NEK1>ATR>Chk1 kinase cascade) under the unfavorable growth conditions (androgen deprivation), and then by reprogramming the PCa cells to adapt to androgen-independent growth via the NEK1>YAP/AR>CRPC conversion. In addition, TLK1 plays a key anti-apoptotic role via the NEK1>VDAC1 regulation on the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway when the DDR is activated. Finally, TLK1 was recently identified as having an important role in motility and metastasis via regulation of the kinases MK5/PRAK and AKT (indirectly via AKTIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imtiaz Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Arrigo De Benedetti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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50
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Jin P, Wu L, Zhang G, Yang B, Zhu B. PDZRN4 suppresses tumorigenesis and androgen therapy-resistance in prostate cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:2293-2300. [PMID: 35517421 PMCID: PMC9066220 DOI: 10.7150/jca.69269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PDZRN4 (PDZ domain-containing RING finger 4), a member of the LNX (ligand of numb protein-X) family that regulates the levels of NUMB, plays a critical role in suppressing the proliferation and invasion of hormone-related malignant tumours. There are few studies on the role of PDZRN4 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to examine whether PDZRN4 regulates the growth and development of PCa. Methods: Cell transduction and Western blotting were used to establish and confirm PDZRN4 knock down in PC cells. Using the MTT, wound healing, transwell migration, and animal experiments, we explored the biological function of PDZRN4 knockdown (PDZRN4-kd) cells. Via PCR and immunohistochemistry, the mRNA and protein expression of PDZRN4 was examined in PC cells and tissues. Results: Hormone-dependent (LNCap) and hormone-independent (DU145, PC3, and C4-2) PC lines were transfected with lentivirus carrying PDZRN4 shRNA. The Western blotting results showed that the expression of PDZRN4 was stably downregulated in PDZRN4 knockdown (PDZRN4-kd) cells. The proliferation, invasion and migration of PDZRN4-kd cells were dramatically increased in vivo. To explore the expression of PDZRN4 in prostate cancer samples, we analysed TCGA data and found that PDZRN4 was negatively correlated with the development of PC. PDZRN4 levels were downregulated by androgen deprivation in hormone-sensitive cells. Moreover, PDZRN4 failed to induce proliferation in DU145 cells with androgen deprivation. Conclusions: PDZRN4 is a functional suppressor of prostate cancer growth and development and is a potential target of biochemical therapy in hormone-resistant PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Organ Transplant Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PCR, 410008
| | - Lielin Wu
- Organ Transplant Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PCR, 410008
| | - Gang Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PCR, 410008
| | - Bo Yang
- Organ Transplant Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PCR, 410008
| | - Bisong Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PCR, 410008
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