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Feng S, Nguyen PTT, Ma X, Yan N. Photorefinery of Biomass and Plastics to Renewable Chemicals using Heterogeneous Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408504. [PMID: 38884612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of biomass and plastic waste provides opportunities for sustainable fuel and chemical production. Heterogeneous photocatalysts, typically composed of semiconductors with distinctive redox properties in their conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB), facilitate both the oxidative and reductive valorization of organic feedstocks. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the photorefinery of biomass and plastics from the perspective of the redox properties of photocatalysts. We explore the roles of the VB and CB in enhancing the value-added conversion of biomass and plastics via various pathways. Our aim is to bridge the gap between photocatalytic mechanisms and renewable carbon feedstock valorization, inspiring further development in photocatalytic refinery of biomass and plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Feng
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Phuc T T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
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2
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Song YJ, Xia P, Zhang XY, Zhang T. Systematic investigation on the rational design and optimization of bi-based metal oxide semiconductors in photocatalytic applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:425703. [PMID: 39047757 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad66d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
To address the global energy shortage and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions on a massive scale, it is critical to explore novel and efficient photocatalysts for the utilization of renewable resources. Bi-based metal oxide (BixMOy) semiconductors composed of bismuth, transition metal, and oxygen atoms have demonstrated improved photocatalytic activity and product selectivity. The vast number of element combinations available for BixMOymaterials provides a huge compositional space for the rational design and isolation of promising photocatalysts for specific applications. In this study, we have systematically investigated the electronic and optical properties over Bi2O3and a series of selected BixMOygroup materials (BiVO4, BiFeO3, BiCoO3, and BiCrO3) by calculating band structure, basic optical property features, mobility and separation of charge carriers. It is clearly noted that the band gap and band edge position of the BixMOygroup materials can be tuned in a wide range in comparison to Bi2O3. Similarly, the light response of BixMOyalso can be broadened from the ultraviolet to the visible light region by adjusting the selection of transition metals. Additionally, the analysis of the effective mass of charge carriers of these materials further confirms their possibility in photocatalytic reaction applications because of the appropriate separation efficiency and mobility of carriers. A selection of experimental investigations on the crystal structure, composition, and optical properties of Bi2O3, BiVO4, and BiFeO3as well as their catalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue over was also conducted, which agree well with the theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Song
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Southeast University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Southeast University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Southeast University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Metal Nano-Optoelectronic Technology, Southeast University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Inertial Instrument and Advanced Navigation Technology, Ministry of Education, and School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, People's Republic of China
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3
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Pan H, Li J, Wang Y, Xia Q, Qiu L, Zhou B. Solar-Driven Biomass Reforming for Hydrogen Generation: Principles, Advances, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402651. [PMID: 38816938 PMCID: PMC11304308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a clean and versatile energy carrier to power a carbon-neutral economy for the post-fossil era. Hydrogen generation from low-cost and renewable biomass by virtually inexhaustible solar energy presents an innovative strategy to process organic solid waste, combat the energy crisis, and achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, the progress and breakthroughs in solar-powered H2 production from biomass are reviewed. The basic principles of solar-driven H2 generation from biomass are first introduced for a better understanding of the reaction mechanism. Next, the merits and shortcomings of various semiconductors and cocatalysts are summarized, and the strategies for addressing the related issues are also elaborated. Then, various bio-based feedstocks for solar-driven H2 production are reviewed with an emphasis on the effect of photocatalysts and catalytic systems on performance. Of note, the concurrent generation of value-added chemicals from biomass reforming is emphasized as well. Meanwhile, the emerging photo-thermal coupling strategy that shows a grand prospect for maximally utilizing the entire solar energy spectrum is also discussed. Further, the direct utilization of hydrogen from biomass as a green reductant for producing value-added chemicals via organic reactions is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of photoreforming biomass toward hydrogen are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Pan
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
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4
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Li X, Su Z, Jiang H, Liu J, Zheng L, Zheng H, Wu S, Shi X. Band Structure Tuning via Pt Single Atom Induced Rapid Hydroxyl Radical Generation toward Efficient Photocatalytic Reforming of Lignocellulose into H 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400617. [PMID: 38441279 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic lignocellulose reforming for H2 production presents a compelling solution to solve environmental and energy issues. However, achieving scalable conversion under benign conditions faces consistent challenges including insufficient active sites for H2 evolution reaction (HER) and inefficient lignocellulose oxidation directly by photogenerated holes. Herein, it is found that Pt single atom-loaded CdS nanosheet (PtSA-CdS) would be an active photocatalyst for lignocellulose-to-H2 conversion. Theoretical and experimental analyses confirm that the valence band of CdS shifts downward after depositing isolated Pt atoms, and the slope of valence band potential on pH for PtSA-CdS is more positive than Nernstian equation. These characteristics allow PtSA-CdS to generate large amounts of •OH radicals even at pH 14, while the capacity is lacking with CdS alone. The employment of •OH/OH- redox shuttle succeeds in relaying photoexcited holes from the surface of photocatalyst, and the •OH radicals can diffuse away to decompose lignocellulose efficiently. Simultaneously, surface Pt atoms, featured with a thermoneutralΔ G H ∗ $\Delta G_{\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ , would collect electrons to expedite HER. Consequently, PtSA-CdS performs a H2 evolution rate of 10.14 µmol h-1 in 1 m KOH aqueous solution, showcasing a remarkable 37.1-fold enhancement compared to CdS. This work provides a feasible approach to transform waste biomass into valuable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqi Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huiqian Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- New Energy Materials Research Center, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Lingxia Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shiting Wu
- New Energy Materials Research Center, College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China
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5
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Bu E, Chen X, López-Cartes C, Monzón A, Delgado JJ. Induced-aggregates in photocatalysis: An unexplored approach to reduce the noble metal co-catalyst content. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:1055-1067. [PMID: 39074408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising and environmentally sustainable solution to produce high-purity hydrogen through ethanol photoreforming. It is commonly accepted that adding co-catalysts, especially noble metals, significantly enhances the catalytic activity of semiconductors. However, the high cost of noble metals such as Pt may limit the real application of this emerging technology. Here we evaluate the possibility of reducing the noble metal loading by creating the appropriate interface between pre-formed semiconductor nanoparticles. Commercial titania (P25) was selected as the semiconductor due to its commercial availability, facilitating the straightforward validation and corroboration of our results. Pt was selected as co-catalyst because one of the most efficient photocatalysts for the ethanol photo-reforming is still based on the use of P25 in combination with Pt. We report that the creation of induced aggregates dramatically improves the total hydrogen produced when very low loadings (≤0.05 wt%) of Pt are used. We have developed a pioneering reactor designed for conducting photoluminescence studies under authentic operational conditions of nanoparticle suspensions in the liquid phase. This approach allows us to obtain the average photoluminescence emission from the P25 agglomerates what it would be impossible to obtain by using standard solid samples holders. Thanks to this equipment, we can conclude that this remarkable improvement of the activity is mainly due to creation of an interface that favors the charge transfer between the particles of the aggregates. According to this, the titania nanoparticles of the agglomerates act as an antenna to collect the photons of the sun-light and produce the photo-excited electrons that will be transferred to the platinum nanoparticles located in the same agglomeration. In contrast, raw P25 with low loadings of Pt would have a high number of titania nanoparticles without platinum, and therefore, inactive. This result would be especially relevant in the case of immobilized photocatalytic systems for real future photocatalytic reactors because the immobilization of the semiconductors would generate similar interactions to the one created by our method. Consequently, the initial semiconductor immobilization followed by the subsequent photo-deposition of the co-catalyst emerges as a promising approach for a substantial reduction of the co-catalyst content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Bu
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Monzón
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Microscopía Electrónica y Materiales (IMEYMAT), Universidad de Cádiz, Spain.
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Han X, Jiang M, Li H, Li R, Sulaiman NHM, Zhang T, Li H, Zheng L, Wei J, He L, Zhou X. Upcycle polyethylene terephthalate waste by photoreforming: Bifunction of Pt cocatalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 665:204-218. [PMID: 38522160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Upcycle polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste by photoreforming (PR) is a sustainable and green approach to tackle environmental problems but with challenges to obtain valuable oxidation products and high purity hydrogen simultaneously. Noble metal cocatalysts are essential to enhance the overall PR reaction efficacy. In this work, TiO2 nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) decorated with single Pt atoms (Pt1/TiO2) or Pt nanoparticles (PtNPs/TiO2) are used in the photoreforming reaction (in one batch), and the oxidation products from ethylene glycol (EG, hydrolysed product of PET) in liquid phase and hydrogen are detected. With Pt1/TiO2, EG is oxidized to glyoxal, glyoxylate or lactate, and hydrogen evolution rate (r H2) reaches 51.8 μmol⋅h-1⋅gcat-1, that is 30 times higher than that of TiO2. For PtNPs/TiO2 (size of Pt NPs: 1.97 nm), hydrogen evolution reaches 219.1 μmol⋅h-1⋅gcat-1, but with the oxidation product of acetate only. DFT calculation demonstrates that for Pt NPs, the reaction path for hydrogen evolution is preferred thermodynamically, due to the formation of Schottky junction. On the oxidation of EG, theoretical and spectroscopic analysis suggest that bidentate adsorption of EG at the interface is facile on Pt1/TiO2, compared to that on PtNPs/TiO2 (two Pt sites), but oxidation products, adsorb less strongly, compared to PtNPs/TiO2, that eventually regulates the distribution of oxidation products. The results thus demonstrate the bifunctions of Pt in the PR reaction, i.e., electron transfer mediator for hydrogen evolution and reactive sites for molecules adsorption. The oxidation reaction is dominated by the adsorption-desorption behavior of molecules but the reduction reaction is controlled by the electron transfer. In addition, acidification of pretreated PET alkaline solution achieves separation of pure terephthalic acid (PTA), which further improves the reaction efficiency possibly by offering high density of active sites and acidic environment. Our work thus demonstrates that to upcycle PET plastics, an optimized process can be reached by atomic design of photocatalysts and proper treatment on the plastic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochi Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Ming Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Huaxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Rongjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Nashwan H M Sulaiman
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Jiake Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Lirong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
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7
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Gunawan D, Zhang J, Li Q, Toe CY, Scott J, Antonietti M, Guo J, Amal R. Materials Advances in Photocatalytic Solar Hydrogen Production: Integrating Systems and Economics for a Sustainable Future. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404618. [PMID: 38853427 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic solar hydrogen generation, encompassing both overall water splitting and organic reforming, presents a promising avenue for green hydrogen production. This technology holds the potential for reduced capital costs in comparison to competing methods like photovoltaic-electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis, owing to its simplicity and fewer auxiliary components. However, the current solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of photocatalytic solar hydrogen production has predominantly remained low at ≈1-2% or lower, mainly due to curtailed access to the entire solar spectrum, thus impeding practical application of photocatalytic solar hydrogen production. This review offers an integrated, multidisciplinary perspective on photocatalytic solar hydrogen production. Specifically, the review presents the existing approaches in photocatalyst and system designs aimed at significantly boosting the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, while also considering factors of cost and scalability of each approach. In-depth discussions extending beyond the efficacy of material and system design strategies are particularly vital to identify potential hurdles in translating photocatalysis research to large-scale applications. Ultimately, this review aims to provide understanding and perspective of feasible pathways for commercializing photocatalytic solar hydrogen production technology, considering both engineering and economic standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Gunawan
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qiyuan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cui Ying Toe
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jason Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14475, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rose Amal
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Kurnosenko SA, Silyukov OI, Rodionov IA, Baeva AS, Burov AA, Kulagina AV, Novikov SS, Zvereva IA. Hydrothermally Synthesized ZnCr- and NiCr-Layered Double Hydroxides as Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysts. Molecules 2024; 29:2108. [PMID: 38731599 PMCID: PMC11085494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of transition metals are of great interest as building blocks for the creation of composite photocatalytic materials for hydrogen production, environmental remediation and other applications. However, the synthesis of most LDHs is reported only by the conventional coprecipitation method, which makes it difficult to control the catalyst's crystallinity. In the present study, ZnCr- and NiCr-LDHs have been successfully prepared using a facile hydrothermal approach. Varying the hydrothermal synthesis conditions allowed us to obtain target products with a controllable crystallite size in the range of 2-26 nm and a specific surface area of 45-83 m2∙g-1. The LDHs synthesized were investigated as photocatalysts of hydrogen generation from aqueous methanol. It was revealed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnCr-LDH samples grows monotonically with the increase in their average crystallite size, while that of NiCr-LDH ones reaches a maximum with intermediate-sized crystallites and then decreases due to the specific surface area reduction. The concentration dependence of the hydrogen evolution activity is generally consistent with the standard Langmuir-Hinshelwood model for heterogeneous catalysis. At a methanol content of 50 mol. %, the rate of hydrogen generation over ZnCr- and NiCr-LDHs reaches 88 and 41 μmol∙h-1∙g-1, respectively. The hydrothermally synthesized LDHs with enhanced crystallinity may be of interest for further fabrication of their nanosheets being promising components of new composite photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oleg I. Silyukov
- Department of Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (S.A.K.); (I.A.R.); (A.S.B.); (A.A.B.); (A.V.K.); (S.S.N.); (I.A.Z.)
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9
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Qian A, Han X, Liu Q, Fan M, Ye L, Pu X, Chen Y, Liu J, Sun H, Zhao J, Ling H, Wang R, Li J, Jia X. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Pure Water Using a IEF-11/g-C 3N 4 S-Scheme Heterojunction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301538. [PMID: 38376216 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Construction of S-scheme heterojunction offers a promising way to enhance the photocatalytic performance of photocatalysts for converting solar energy into chemical energy. However, the photocatalytic H2 production in pure water without sacrificial agents is still a challenge. Herein, the IEF-11 with the best photocatalytic H2 production performance in MOFs and suitable band structure was selected and firstly constructed with g-C3N4 to obtain a S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 production from pure water. As a result, the novel IEF-11/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts exhibited significantly improved photocatalytic H2 production performance in pure water without any sacrificial agent, with a rate of 576 μmol/g/h, which is about 8 times than that of g-C3N4 and 23 times of IEF-11. The novel IEF-11/g-C3N4 photocatalysts also had a photocatalytic H2 production rate of up to 92 μmol/g/h under visible light and a good photocatalytic stability. The improved performance can be attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers, faster charge transfer efficiency and longer photogenerated carrier lifetimes, which comes from the forming of S-scheme heterojunction in the IEF-11/g-C3N4 photocatalyst. This work is a promising guideline for obtaining MOF-based or g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with great photocatalytic water splitting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Qian
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Xin Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Qiaona Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Minwei Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Xin Pu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Ying Chen
- SINOPEC Shanghai Engineering Co., Ltd.(SSEC), Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jichang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Hui Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Jigang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Hao Ling
- School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237
| | - Rongjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jiangbing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Xin Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
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10
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Bhattacharjee S, Linley S, Reisner E. Solar reforming as an emerging technology for circular chemical industries. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x. [PMID: 38291132 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The adverse environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and persistent waste accumulation are driving the demand for sustainable approaches to clean-energy production and waste recycling. By coupling the thermodynamically favourable oxidation of waste-derived organic carbon streams with fuel-forming reduction reactions suitable for producing clean hydrogen or converting CO2 to fuels, solar reforming simultaneously valorizes waste and generates useful chemical products. With appropriate light harvesting, catalyst design, device configurations and waste pre-treatment strategies, a range of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals can already be selectively produced from diverse waste feedstocks, including biomass and plastics, demonstrating the potential of solar-powered upcycling plants. This Review highlights solar reforming as an emerging technology that is currently transitioning from fundamental research towards practical application. We investigate the chemistry and compatibility of waste pre-treatment, introduce process classifications, explore the mechanisms of different solar reforming technologies, and suggest appropriate concepts, metrics and pathways for various deployment scenarios in a net-zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Linley
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Lam E, Bhattacharjee S, Reisner E. Valorisation of lignocellulose and low concentration CO 2 using a fractionation-photocatalysis-electrolysis process. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2023; 25:10611-10621. [PMID: 38089755 PMCID: PMC10711734 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc03258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous upcycling of all components in lignocellulosic biomass and the greenhouse gas CO2 presents an attractive opportunity to synthesise sustainable and valuable chemicals. However, this approach is challenging to realise due to the difficulty of implementing a solution process to convert a robust and complex solid (lignocellulose) together with a barely soluble and stable gas (CO2). Herein, we present the complete oxidative valorisation of lignocellulose coupled to the reduction of low concentration CO2 through a three-stage fractionation-photocatalysis-electrolysis process. Lignocellulose from white birch wood was first pre-treated using an acidic solution to generate predominantly cellulosic- and lignin-based fractions. The solid cellulosic-based fraction was solubilised using cellulase (a cellulose depolymerising enzyme), followed by photocatalytic oxidation to formate with concomitant reduction of CO2 to syngas (a gas mixture of CO and H2) using a phosphonate-containing cobalt(ii) bis(terpyridine) catalyst immobilised onto TiO2 nanoparticles. Photocatalysis generated 27.9 ± 2.0 μmolCO gTiO2-1 (TONCO = 2.8 ± 0.2; 16% CO selectivity) and 147.7 ± 12.0 μmolformate gTiO2-1 after 24 h solar light irradiation under 20 vol% CO2 in N2. The soluble lignin-based fraction was oxidised in an electrolyser to the value-added chemicals vanillin (0.62 g kglignin-1) and syringaldehyde (1.65 g kglignin-1) at the anode, while diluted CO2 (20 vol%) was converted to CO (20.5 ± 0.2 μmolCO cm-2 in 4 h) at a Co(ii) porphyrin catalyst modified cathode (TONCO = 707 ± 7; 78% CO selectivity) at an applied voltage of -3 V. We thus demonstrate the complete valorisation of solid and a gaseous waste stream in a liquid phase process by combining fractioning, photo- and electrocatalysis using molecular hybrid nanomaterials assembled from earth abundant elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erwin Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Subhajit Bhattacharjee
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road CB2 1EW Cambridge UK
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12
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Kang W, Guo F, Mao L, Liu Y, Han C, Yuan L. Ni(OH) 2 surface-modified hierarchical ZnIn 2S 4 nanosheets: dual photocatalytic application and mechanistic insights. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38048074 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The simultaneous utilization of electrons and holes to couple photocatalytic H2 production with selective biomass transformation has attracted immense interest toward achieving sustainability in the fields of energy and chemical industry. In this study, by assembling highly dispersed Ni(OH)2 onto ZnIn2S4 (ZIS), efficient H2 evolution along with highly selective photocatalytic oxidation of furfuryl alcohol (FA) to furfural (FF) in pure water was achieved under anaerobic conditions. The H2 production and FA conversion rates over the optimal Ni-ZIS sample reached about 686 and 583 μmol g-1 h-1, respectively, about 4.9 and 1.7 folds as those of pure ZIS. Moreover, the formation of by-products with C-C coupling was dramatically suppressed over Ni-ZIS, resulting in higher selectivity for FF (97%), which is about 2.7-fold that of pure ZIS (36%). Deep mechanistic studies were conducted to reveal the structural evolution and cocatalyst effects of Ni(OH)2. This study not only offers a feasible paradigm for modifying the surface of catalysts to tune the photoactivity and selectivity for product-oriented alcohol oxidation coupled with efficient H2 production in water but also reveals the working mechanism of the deposited Ni(OH)2 over ZIS toward coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Kang
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Fen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, P. R. China.
| | - Chuang Han
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China.
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13
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Kang H, Washington A, Capobianco MD, Yan X, Cruz VV, Weed M, Johnson J, Johns G, Brudvig GW, Pan X, Gu J. Concentration-Dependent Photocatalytic Upcycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Plastic Waste. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2023; 5:3032-3041. [PMID: 37969139 PMCID: PMC10630977 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.3c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic plastic waste upcycling into value-added feedstock is a promising way to mitigate the environmental issues caused by the nondegradable nature of plastic waste. Here, we developed a MoS2/g-C3N4 photocatalyst that can efficiently upcycle poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable organic chemicals. Interestingly, the conversion mechanism is concentration-dependent. For instance, at a low ethylene glycol (EG) concentration (7.96 mM), acetate is the main product. Unexpectedly, the conversion of PET water bottle hydrolysate with only 7.96 mM ethylene glycol (EG) can produce a 4 times higher amount of acetate (704.59 nmol) than the conversion of 300 mM EG (174.50 nmol), while at a higher EG concentration (300 mM), formate is the dominant product. Herein, a 40 times higher EG concentration (300 mM compared to 7.96 mM) would produce only ∼3 times more formate (179 nmol compared to 51.86 nmol). In addition, under natural sunlight conditions, comparable amounts of liquid and gaseous products are produced when commercial PET plastics are employed. Overall, the photocatalytic PET conversion process is quite efficient under a low concentration of EG in PET hydrolysate, indicating the enormous potential of this photocatalysis strategy for real plastics upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Kang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Audrey Washington
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Matt D. Capobianco
- Department
of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Xingxu Yan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vayle Vera Cruz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Melanie Weed
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jackie Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Gonto Johns
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department
of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jing Gu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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14
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Zou W, Zhou H, Wang M. Photoinduced Biomimetic Room-Temperature C-O Bond Cleavage over Mn Doped CdS. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300727. [PMID: 37486587 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Selective C-O bond cleavage is an efficient way for the biomass valorization to value-added chemicals, but is challenged to be operated at room temperature via conventional thermal catalysis. Herein, inspired from the DNA biosynthesis which involves a radical-mediated spin-center shift (SCS) C-O bond cleavage process, we report a biomimetic room-temperature C-O bond cleavage of vicinal diol (HOCHCH-OH). We construct a Mn doped CdS (Mn/CdS) as a photocatalyst to mimic the biologic SCS process. The Mn site plays pivotal role: (1) accelerates the photo-induced carrier separation, promoting the hole-mediated C-H bond cleavage to generate carbon-centered radicals, and (2) serves as the binding site for -OH groups, making it to be an easier leaving group. Mn/CdS achieves 0.28 mmol gcat -1 h-1 of hydroxyacetone (HA) from glycerol dehydration at room temperature under visible light irradiation, which is 3.5-fold that over pristine CdS and 40-fold that over bulk MnS/CdS. This study provides a new biomimetic room-temperature C-O bond cleavage process, which is promising for the biomass valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zou
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, Liaoning, P. R. China
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15
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Jia F, Zhou H, Wang M. Phase-dependent selectivity control over TiO 2 in the photocatalytic oxidation of bio-polyols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11377-11380. [PMID: 37665623 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation shows great potential in the valorization of biomass under mild conditions, while the selectivity control is particularly challenging for the complex and reactive bio-polyols. Herein, we report a selective photocatalytic process to convert bio-polyols into formic acid (FA) or carbon monoxide (CO) by controlling the phase of TiO2. The bio-polyols are facially oxidized to formic acid (FA) which is stable over rutile and could be dehydrated to CO over anatase TiO2. Through controlling the phase, FA or CO could be obtained from a wide range of bio-polyols with selectivity up to 63% or 52%. Our studies elucidate that the phase-dependent selectivity is essentially derived from the difference in the adsorption configuration of FA. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and density functional (DFT) calculations were used to study the FA decomposition process on the surface of TiO2. The phase-dependent FA decomposition is mainly derived from the different surface geometry, which affects the configuration of FA adsorption. Molecular adsorbed FA on anatase favors the dehydration of FA to CO while bidentate dissociated adsorption of FA on the rutile phase is inert to be further converted. This work provides a new horizon to the design of photocatalytic systems for biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuao Jia
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hongru Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China.
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16
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Negi A, Kesari KK. Light-Driven Depolymerization of Cellulosic Biomass into Hydrocarbons. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3671. [PMID: 37765525 PMCID: PMC10537178 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose and hemicellulose are the main constituents of lignocellulosic biomass. Chemical derivatization of lignocellulosic biomass leads to a range of C5 and C6 organic compounds. These C5 and C6 compounds are valuable precursors (or fine chemicals) for developing sustainable chemical processes. Therefore, depolymerization of cellulose and hemicellulose is essential, leading to the development of various materials that have applications in biomaterial industries. However, most depolymerized processes for cellulose have limited success because of its structural quality: crystallinity, high hydrogen-bond networking, and mild solubility in organic and water. As a result, various chemical treatments, acidic (mineral or solid acids) and photocatalysis, have developed. One of the significant shortcomings of acidic treatment is that the requirement for high temperatures increases the commercial end cost (energy) and hampers product selectivity. For example, a catalyst with prolonged exposure to high temperatures damages the catalyst surface over time; therefore, it cannot be used for iterative cycles. Photocatalysts provide ample application to overcome such flaws as they do not require high temperatures to perform efficient catalysis. Various photocatalysts have shown efficient cellulosic biomass conversion into its C6 and C5 hydrocarbons and the production of hydrogen (as a green energy component). For example, TiO2-based photocatalysts are the most studied for biomass valorization. Herein, we discussed the feasibility of a photocatalyst with application to cellulosic biomass hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
- Research and Development Cell, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
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17
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Aboagye D, Djellabi R, Medina F, Contreras S. Radical-Mediated Photocatalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion into Value-Added Chemicals and Hydrogen: Facts, Opportunities and Challenges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301909. [PMID: 37162030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic biomass conversion into high-value chemicals and fuels is considered one of the hottest ongoing research and industrial topics toward sustainable development. In short, this process can cleave Cβ -O/Cα -Cβ bonds in lignin to aromatic platform chemicals, and further conversion of the polysaccharides to other platform chemicals and H2 . From the chemistry point of view, the optimization of the unique cooperative interplay of radical oxidation species (which are activated via molecular oxygen species, ROSs) and substrate-derived radical intermediates by appropriate control of their type and/or yield is key to the selective production of desired products. Technically, several challenges have been raised that face successful real-world applications. This review aims to discuss the recently reported mechanistic pathways toward selective biomass conversion through the optimization of ROSs behavior and materials/system design. On top of that, through a SWOT analysis, we critically discussed this technology from both chemistry and technological viewpoints to help the scientists and engineers bridge the gap between lab-scale and large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Aboagye
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc Medina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Contreras
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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18
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Cheng X, Palma B, Zhao H, Zhang H, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu J. Photoreforming for Lignin Upgrading: A Critical Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300675. [PMID: 37455297 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoreforming of lignocellulosic biomass to simultaneously produce gas fuels and value-added chemicals has gradually emerged as a promising strategy to alleviate the fossil fuels crisis. Compared to cellulose and hemicellulose, the exploitation and utilization of lignin via photoreforming are still at the early and more exciting stages. This Review systematically summarizes the latest progress on the photoreforming of lignin-derived model components and "real" lignin, aiming to provide insights for lignin photocatalytic valorization from fundamental to industrial applications. Considering the complexity of lignin physicochemical properties, related analytic methods are also introduced to characterize lignin photocatalytic conversion and product distribution. We finally put forward the challenges and perspective of lignin photoreforming, hoping to provide some guidance to valorize biomass into value-added chemicals and fuels via a mild photoreforming process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruna Palma
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiu Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhangxin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Lan L, Daly H, Sung R, Tuna F, Skillen N, Robertson PKJ, Hardacre C, Fan X. Mechanistic Study of Glucose Photoreforming over TiO 2-Based Catalysts for H 2 Production. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8574-8587. [PMID: 37441233 PMCID: PMC10334428 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is a key intermediate in cellulose photoreforming for H2 production. This work presents a mechanistic investigation of glucose photoreforming over TiO2 and Pt/m-TiO2 catalysts. Analysis of the intermediates formed in the process confirmed the α-scission mechanism of glucose oxidation forming arabinose (Cn-1 sugar) and formic acid in the initial oxidation step. The selectivity to sugar products and formic acid differed over Pt/TiO2 and TiO2, with Pt/TiO2 showing the lower selectivity to formic acid due to enhanced adsorption/conversion of formic acid over Pt/TiO2. In situ ATR-IR spectroscopy of glucose photoreforming showed the presence of molecular formic acid and formate on the surface of both catalysts at low glucose conversions, suggesting that formic acid oxidation could dominate surface reactions in glucose photoreforming. Further in situ ATR-IR of formic acid photoreforming showed Pt-TiO2 interfacial sites to be key for formic acid oxidation as TiO2 was unable to convert adsorbed formic acid/formate. Isotopic studies of the photoreforming of formic acid in D2O (with different concentrations) showed that the source of the protons (to form H2 at Pt sites) was determined by the relative surface coverage of adsorbed water and formic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Daly
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Rehana Sung
- Manchester
Institute of Biotechnology, The University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Photon
Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Skillen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - Peter K. J. Robertson
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United
Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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20
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Linley S, Reisner E. Floating Carbon Nitride Composites for Practical Solar Reforming of Pre-Treated Wastes to Hydrogen Gas. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2207314. [PMID: 37171802 PMCID: PMC10375181 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Solar reforming (SR) is a promising green-energy technology that can use sunlight to mitigate biomass and plastic waste while producing hydrogen gas at ambient pressure and temperature. However, practical challenges, including photocatalyst lifetime, recyclability, and low production rates in turbid waste suspensions, limit SR's industrial potential. By immobilizing SR catalyst materials (carbon nitride/platinum; CNx |Pt and carbon nitride/nickel phosphide; CNx |Ni2 P) on hollow glass microspheres (HGM), which act as floating supports enabling practical composite recycling, such limitations can be overcome. Substrates derived from plastic and biomass, including poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and cellulose, are reformed by floating SR composites, which are reused for up to ten consecutive cycles under realistic, vertical simulated solar irradiation (AM1.5G), reaching activities of 1333 ± 240 µmolH2 m-2 h-1 on pre-treated PET. Floating SR composites are also advantageous in realistic waste where turbidity prevents light absorption by non-floating catalyst powders, achieving 338.1 ± 1.1 µmolH2 m-2 h-1 using floating CNx versus non-detectable H2 production with non-floating CNx and a pre-treated PET bottle as substrate. Low Pt loadings (0.033 ± 0.0013% m/m) demonstrate consistent performance and recyclability, allowing efficient use of precious metals for SR hydrogen production from waste substrates at large areal scale (217 cm2 ), taking an important step toward practical SR implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Linley
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21EW, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21EW, UK
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21
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Abstract
ConspectusAs a renewable solar energy and carbon carrier, biomass exploration has received global attention. Photocatalytic valorization of biomass into fuels and chemicals is a promising and sustainable method for future chemical production. Photocatalysis has the potential to accomplish reactions under ambient conditions due to the unique reaction mechanisms involving photoinduced charge carriers and has recently been recognized as an efficient and feasible technology for biomass conversion. Biomass is widely used as sacrificial agent to scavenge holes in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and the carbon is eventually degraded to CO2 with a minor amount of CO. The generation of CO instead of CO2 is more economical and promising but also a challenge under photoreforming conditions.This is a new research direction, while until now there has still been the lack of a comprehensive review article to summarize and provide prospects for this topic. This Account will highlight our contributions in the research direction of the photocatalytic reforming of biomass into syngas (CO + H2). In 2020, we first reported the photocatalytic conversion of biopolyols and sugars into syngas by employing a defect-rich Cu-TiO2 nanorod photocatalyst and found that formic acid is a key intermediate to CO. Further study revealed that a facet-dependent electron-trapping state on anatase TiO2 will affect the photocatalytic dehydration activity for formic acid intermediates by regulating the electron transfer process during the reaction, and the selective generation of FA or CO from photocatalytic biomass reforming was achieved via exposing the (100) or (101) facets, respectively. Visible light-driven syngas generation was further achieved over a CdS-based photocatalyst. Sulfate modification of CdS ([SO4]/CdS) was constructed as the proton acceptor, thus efficiently facilitating the proton-coupled electron transfer process. Besides, we put forward an oxygen-controlled strategy to increase the CO generation rate without a significant decrease in CO selectivity via controlling the O2/substrate ratio. Based on this system, a Z-scheme CdS@g-C3N4 core-shell structure and CdO-CdS semicoherent interface were created to facilitate charge transfer and enhance the O2 activation, thus increasing the CO generation rate. Moreover, we also developed a photoelectrochemical approach to separately produce CO and H2 from biomass. Nitrogen doping of a hexagonal WO3 nanowire array was used to produce the photoanode. The built-in electric field generated via nitrogen doping promoted charge transfer, hence improving the efficiency of PEC reforming of biopolyols and sugars. This Account will systematically analyze the challenges in this research direction, the reaction route in the photocatalytic biomass reforming, and the factors affecting CO selectivity and give insight into the design of efficient photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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22
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Wu Y, Sakurai T, Adachi T, Wang Q. Alternatives to water oxidation in the photocatalytic water splitting reaction for solar hydrogen production. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6521-6535. [PMID: 36938953 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00260h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic water splitting process to produce H2 is an attractive approach to meet energy demands while achieving carbon emission reduction targets. However, none of the current photocatalytic devices meets the criteria for practical sustainable H2 production due to their insufficient efficiency and the resulting high H2 cost. Economic viability may be achieved by simultaneously producing more valuable products than O2 or integrating with reforming processes of real waste streams, such as plastic and food waste. Research over the past decade has begun to investigate the possibility of replacing water oxidation with more kinetically and thermodynamically facile oxidation reactions. We summarize how various alternative photo-oxidation reactions can be combined with proton reduction in photocatalysis to achieve chemical valorization with concurrent H2 production. By examining the current advantages and challenges of these oxidation reactions, we intend to demonstrate that these technologies would contribute to providing H2 energy, while also producing high-value chemicals for a sustainable chemical industry and eliminating waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiang Wu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Takumi Adachi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Qian Wang
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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23
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Chuaicham C, Noguchi Y, Shenoy S, Shu K, Trakulmututa J, Srikhaow A, Sekar K, Sasaki K. Simultaneous Photocatalytic Sugar Conversion and Hydrogen Production Using Pd Nanoparticles Decorated on Iron-Doped Hydroxyapatite. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) were successfully deposited on the surface of Fe(III)-modified hydroxyapatite (HAp), which was subsequently used as a photocatalyst for simultaneous photocatalytic H2 evolution and xylose conversion. The structural phase and morphology of the pristine HAp, FeHAp, and Pd@FeHAp were examined using XRD, SEM, and TEM instruments. At 20 °C, Pd@FeHAp provided a greater xylose conversion than pristine HAp and FeHAp, about 2.15 times and 1.41 times, respectively. In addition, lactic acid and formic acid production was increased by using Pd@FeHAp. The optimal condition was further investigated using Pd@FeHAp, which demonstrated around 70% xylose conversion within 60 min at 30 °C. Moreover, only Pd@FeHAp produced H2 under light irradiation. To clarify the impact of Fe(III) doping in FeHAp and heterojunction between PdNPs and FeHAp in the composite relative to pure Hap, the optical and physicochemical properties of Pd@FeHAp samples were analyzed, which revealed the extraordinary ability of the material to separate and transport photogenerated electron-hole pairs, as demonstrated by a substantial reduction in photoluminescence intensity when compared to Hp and FeHAp. In addition, a decrease in electron trap density in the Pd@FeHAp composite using reversed double-beam photoacoustic spectroscopy was attributed to the higher photocatalytic activity rate. Furthermore, the development of new electronic levels by the addition of Fe(III) to the structure of HAp in FeHAp may improve the ability to absorb light by lessening the energy band gap. The photocatalytic performance of the Pd@FeHAp composite was improved by lowering charge recombination and narrowing the energy band gap. As a result, a newly developed Pd@FeHAp composite might be employed as a photocatalyst to generate both alternative H2 energy and high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitiphon Chuaicham
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuto Noguchi
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sulakshana Shenoy
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaiqian Shu
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jirawat Trakulmututa
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Assadawoot Srikhaow
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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24
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Zhang S, Li H, Wang L, Liu J, Liang G, Davey K, Ran J, Qiao SZ. Boosted Photoreforming of Plastic Waste via Defect-Rich NiPS 3 Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6410-6419. [PMID: 36913199 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable conversion of plastic waste to mitigate environmental threats and reclaim waste value is important. Ambient-condition photoreforming is practically attractive to convert waste to hydrogen (H2); however, it has poor performance because of mutual constraint between proton reduction and substrate oxidation. Here, we realize a cooperative photoredox using defect-rich chalcogenide nanosheet-coupled photocatalysts, e.g., d-NiPS3/CdS, to give an ultrahigh H2 evolution of ∼40 mmol gcat-1 h-1 and organic acid yield up to 78 μmol within 9 h, together with excellent stability beyond 100 h in photoreforming of commercial waste plastic poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). Significantly, these metrics represent one of the most efficient plastic photoreforming reported. In situ ultrafast spectroscopic studies confirm a charge transfer-mediated reaction mechanism in which d-NiPS3 rapidly extracts electrons from CdS to boost H2 evolution, favoring hole-dominated substrate oxidation to improve overall efficiency. This work opens practical avenues for converting plastic waste into fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Haobo Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Jiandang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jingrun Ran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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25
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Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Aqueous Methanol Solution over n-Butylamine-Intercalated Layered Titanate H2La2Ti3O10: Activity and Stability of the Hybrid Photocatalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of platinized n-butylamine-intercalated layered titanate H2La2Ti3O10 during the process of photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous methanol under UV irradiation has been thoroughly investigated by means of XRD, CHN, TG, 13C NMR, BET, SEM and GC-MS analysis. It was revealed that n-butylamine completely abandons the interlayer space and transforms into n-butyraldehyde within 3 h of the reaction, while the particle morphology and specific surface area of the photocatalyst are preserved. The resulting solid phase contains carbon in at least two different oxidation states, which are attributed to the intermediate products of methanol oxidation bound to the perovskite matrix. The activity of the photocatalyst formed in this way is stable in time and strongly depends on the medium pH, which is not typical of either the parent H2La2Ti3O10 or TiO2. An approximate linear equation φ ≈ 29−2∙pH holds for the apparent quantum efficiency of hydrogen production in the 220–340 nm range at 1 mol. % methanol concentration. In the acidic medium, the photocatalyst under study outperforms the platinized H2La2Ti3O10 by more than one order of magnitude. The variation in methanol concentration allowed a maximum quantum efficiency of hydrogen production of 44% at 10 mol. % to be reached.
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26
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John S, Nogala W, Gupta B, Singh S. Synergy of photocatalysis and fuel cells: A chronological review on efficient designs, potential materials and emerging applications. Front Chem 2022; 10:1038221. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1038221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising demand of energy and lack of clean water are two major concerns of modern world. Renewable energy sources are the only way out in order to provide energy in a sustainable manner for the ever-increasing demands of the society. A renewable energy source which can also provide clean water will be of immense interest and that is where Photocatalytic Fuel Cells (PFCs) exactly fit in. PFCs hold the ability to produce electric power with simultaneous photocatalytic degradation of pollutants on exposure to light. Different strategies, including conventional Photoelectrochemical cell design, have been technically upgraded to exploit the advantage of PFCs and to widen their applicability. Parallel to the research on design, researchers have put an immense effort into developing materials/composites for electrodes and their unique properties. The efficient strategies and potential materials have opened up a new horizon of applications for PFCs. Recent research reports reveal this persistently broadening arena which includes hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide generation, carbon dioxide and heavy metal reduction and even sensor applications. The review reported here consolidates all the aspects of various design strategies, materials and applications of PFCs. The review provides an overall understanding of PFC systems, which possess the potential to be a marvellous renewable source of energy with a handful of simultaneous applications. The review is a read to the scientific community and early researchers interested in working on PFC systems.
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27
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Potapenko KO, Gerasimov EY, Cherepanova SV, Saraev AA, Kozlova EA. Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production over NiS-Modified Cadmium and Manganese Sulfide Solid Solutions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15228026. [PMID: 36431512 PMCID: PMC9696279 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, new photocatalysts based on Cd1-xMnxS sulfide solid solutions were synthesized by varying the fraction of MnS (x = 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) and the hydrothermal treatment temperature (T = 100, 120, 140, and 160 °C). The active samples were modified with Pt and NiS co-catalysts. Characterization was performed using various methods, including XRD, XPS, HR TEM, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was tested in hydrogen evolution from aqueous solutions of Na2S/Na2SO3 and glucose under visible light (425 nm). When studying the process of hydrogen evolution using an equimolar mixture of Na2S/Na2SO3 as a sacrificial agent, the photocatalysts Cd0.5Mn0.5S/Mn(OH)2 (T = 120 °C) and Cd0.4Mn0.6S (T = 160 °C) demonstrated the highest activity among the non-modified solid solutions. The deposition of NiS co-catalyst led to a significant increase in activity. The best activity in the case of the modified samples was shown by 0.5 wt.% NiS/Cd0.5Mn0.5S (T = 120 °C) at the extraordinary level of 34.2 mmol g-1 h-1 (AQE 14.4%) for the Na2S/Na2SO3 solution and 4.6 mmol g-1 h-1 (AQE 2.9%) for the glucose solution. The nickel-containing samples possessed a high stability in solutions of both sodium sulfide/sulfite and glucose. Thus, nickel sulfide is considered an alternative to depositing precious metals, which is attractive from an economic point of view. It worth noting that the process of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from sugar solutions by adding samples based on Cd1-xMnxS has not been studied before.
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28
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Establishing a water-to-energy platform via dual-functional photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic systems: A comparative and perspective review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 309:102793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Rueda-Navarro CM, Ferrer B, Baldoví HG, Navalón S. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Glycerol Aqueous Solutions as Sustainable Feedstocks Using Zr-Based UiO-66 Materials under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3808. [PMID: 36364583 PMCID: PMC9658527 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing cost-effective technologies to produce hydrogen from sustainable resources. Herein we show a comprehensive study on the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous photocatalysts for H2 generation from photoreforming of glycerol aqueous solutions under simulated sunlight irradiation. The list of materials employed in this study include some of the benchmark Zr-MOFs such as UiO-66(Zr)-X (X: H, NO2, NH2) as well as MIL-125(Ti)-NH2 as the reference Ti-MOF. Among these solids, UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 exhibits the highest photocatalytic H2 production, and this observation is attributed to its adequate energy level. The photocatalytic activity of UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 can be increased by deposition of small Pt NPs as the reference noble metal co-catalyst within the MOF network. This photocatalyst is effectively used for H2 generation at least for 70 h without loss of activity. The crystallinity of MOF and Pt particle size were maintained as revealed by powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, respectively. Evidence in support of the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation with Pt@UiO-66(Zr)-NH2 is provided from transient absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies together with photocurrent measurements. This study exemplifies the possibility of using MOFs as photocatalysts for the solar-driven H2 generation using sustainable feedstocks.
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30
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Liu X, Dai D, Cui Z, Zhang Q, Gong X, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Cheng H, Dai Y, Huang B, Wang P. Optimizing the Reaction Pathway by Active Site Regulation in the CdS/Fe 2O 3 Z-Scheme Heterojunction System for Highly Selective Photocatalytic Benzylamine Oxidation Integrated with H 2 Production. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dujuan Dai
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zihao Cui
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueqin Gong
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Lab of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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31
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Kong F, Zhou H, Chen Z, Dou Z, Wang M. Photoelectrocatalytic Reforming of Polyol‐based Biomass into CO and H
2
over Nitrogen‐doped WO
3
with Built‐in Electric Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210745. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Kong
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, Liaoning China
| | - Hongru Zhou
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, Liaoning China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, Liaoning China
| | - Zhaolin Dou
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, Liaoning China
| | - Min Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024, Liaoning China
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32
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Kurenkova AY, Yakovleva AY, Saraev AA, Gerasimov EY, Kozlova EA, Kaichev VV. Copper-Modified Titania-Based Photocatalysts for the Efficient Hydrogen Production under UV and Visible Light from Aqueous Solutions of Glycerol. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3106. [PMID: 36144894 PMCID: PMC9504562 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have proposed titania-based photocatalysts modified with copper compounds for hydrogen evolution. Thermal pre-treatment of commercial TiO2 Degussa P25 (DTiO2) and Hombifine N (HTiO2) in the range from 600 to 800 °C was carried out followed by the deposition of copper oxides (1-10 wt. % of Cu). The morphology and chemical state of synthesized photocatalysts were studied using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and XANES/EXAFS X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was tested in the hydrogen evolution from aqueous solutions of glycerol under ultraviolet (λ = 381 nm) and visible (λ = 427 nm) light. The photocatalysts 2% CuOx/DTiO2 T750 and 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 showed the highest activity under UV irradiation (λ = 380 nm), with the rate of H2 evolution at the level of 2.5 mmol (H2) g-1 h-1. Under the visible light irradiation (λ = 427 nm), the highest activity of 0.6 mmol (H2) g-1 h-1 was achieved with the 5% CuOx/DTiO2 T700 photocatalyst. The activity of these photocatalysts is 50% higher than that of the platinized 1% Pt/DTiO2 sample. Thus, it was shown for the first time that a simple heat treatment of a commercial titanium dioxide in combination with a deposition of non-noble metal particles led to a significant increase in the activity of photocatalysts and made it possible to obtain materials that were active in hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yu. Kurenkova
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Yu. Yakovleva
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Saraev
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny Yu. Gerasimov
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Kozlova
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasily V. Kaichev
- Federal Research Center, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang E, Mahmood A, Chen SG, Sun W, Muhmood T, Yang X, Chen Z. Solar-Driven Photocatalytic Reforming of Lignocellulose into H 2 and Value-Added Biochemicals. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eryu Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ayyaz Mahmood
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhong Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metallic and Featured Materials, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tahir Muhmood
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Street 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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34
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Kong F, Zhou H, Chen Z, Dou Z, Wang M. Photoelectrocatalytic Reforming of Polyol‐based Biomass into CO and H2 over Nitrogen‐doped WO3 with Built‐in Electric Fields. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhao Kong
- Dalian University of Technology Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Hongru Zhou
- Dalian University of Technology Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Dalian University of Technology Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhaolin Dou
- Dalian University of Technology Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Min Wang
- Dalian University of Technology Zhang Dayu school of chemistry zhongshan road 457, dalian, China 116024 Dalian CHINA
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35
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Munusamy TD, Chin SY, Khan MMR. Hydrogen production via photoreforming of wastewater under LED light-driven over CuO@exfoliated g-C 3N 4 nanoheterojunction. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134649. [PMID: 35452649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the global interest heading towards net zero emission by 2050, clean hydrogen production technologies becomes limelight among the research community. Besides, the generation of large quantity of industrial wastewaters creates huge dilemma and needs special attention. In this work, synthetic wastewater using formaldehyde (FA) as a model organic pollutant was utilized to produce hydrogen. The photocatalyst, CuO@exfoliated g-C3N4 nanoheterojunction was synthesized by an acid treatment and facile chemical precipitation technique. XRD results confirmed the successful formation of exfoliated g-C3N4 by expanding the interlayer spacing of the nanosheets via shifting of characteristic peak of graphite towards lower 2θ from 27.97° to 27.04°. Meanwhile, the BET surface area of CuO@exfoliated g-C3N4 (199.3 m2/g) was remarkably enhanced as compared to bulk g-C3N4 (34.5 m2/g) and exfoliated g-C3N4 (104.4 m2/g). The existence of large pores (3.55 cm3/g) in CuO@exfoliated g-C3N4 promotes the accessibility of reactant to the surface active sites, escalating the redox reactions. Study on hydrogen production via photoreforming of aqueous formaldehyde over the prepared photocatalysts were conducted. Interestingly, hydrogen generated using CuO@exfoliated g-C3N4 (3867 μmol/g) was greatly enhanced by 7 times and 13 times than the counterparts catalysts, exfoliated g-C3N4 (532 μmol/g) and pure CuO (271 μmol/g) respectively. By employing the CuO@exfoliated g-C3N4 nanoheterojunction, the optimum hydrogen with apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 5664 μmol/g and 22% were obtained respectively. Besides, S-scheme reaction mechanism was proposed based on heterojunction formed between the p-type CuO and n-type exfoliated g-C3N4 nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thurga Devi Munusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sim Yee Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Md Maksudur Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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Skillen N, Daly H, Lan L, Aljohani M, Murnaghan CWJ, Fan X, Hardacre C, Sheldrake GN, Robertson PKJ. Photocatalytic Reforming of Biomass: What Role Will the Technology Play in Future Energy Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:33. [PMID: 35717466 PMCID: PMC9206627 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reforming of biomass has emerged as an area of significant interest within the last decade. The number of papers published in the literature has been steadily increasing with keywords such as 'hydrogen' and 'visible' becoming prominent research topics. There are likely two primary drivers behind this, the first of which is that biomass represents a more sustainable photocatalytic feedstock for reforming to value-added products and energy. The second is the transition towards achieving net zero emission targets, which has increased focus on the development of technologies that could play a role in future energy systems. Therefore, this review provides a perspective on not only the current state of the research but also a future outlook on the potential roadmap for photocatalytic reforming of biomass. Producing energy via photocatalytic biomass reforming is very desirable due to the ambient operating conditions and potential to utilise renewable energy (e.g., solar) with a wide variety of biomass resources. As both interest and development within this field continues to grow, however, there are challenges being identified that are paramount to further advancement. In reviewing both the literature and trajectory of the field, research priorities can be identified and utilised to facilitate fundamental research alongside whole systems evaluation. Moreover, this would underpin the enhancement of photocatalytic technology with a view towards improving the technology readiness level and promoting engagement between academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Skillen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AL, UK.
| | - Helen Daly
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9P3AL, UK
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9P3AL, UK
| | - Meshal Aljohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9P3AL, UK
| | - Christopher W J Murnaghan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AL, UK
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9P3AL, UK
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9P3AL, UK
| | - Gary N Sheldrake
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AL, UK
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AL, UK.
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Augustin A, Chuaicham C, Shanmugam M, Vellaichamy B, Rajendran S, Hoang TKA, Sasaki K, Sekar K. Recent development of organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for biomass conversion into hydrogen production. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2561-2582. [PMID: 36132286 PMCID: PMC9417503 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00119e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, photocatalysis using solar radiation has been explored extensively to investigate the possibilities of producing fuels. The production and systematic usage of solar fuels can reduce the use of fossil-based fuels, which are currently the primary source for the energy. It is time for us to exploit renewable sources for our energy needs to progress towards a low-carbon society. This can be achieved by utilizing green hydrogen as the future energy source. Solar light-assisted hydrogen evolution through photocatalytic water splitting is one of the most advanced approaches, but it is a non-spontaneous chemical process and restricted by a kinetically demanding oxidation evolution reaction. Sunlight is one of the essential sources for the photoreforming (PR) of biomass waste into solar fuels, or/and lucrative fine chemicals. Hydrogen production through photoreforming of biomass can be considered energy neutral as it requires only low energy to overcome the activation barrier and an alternate method for the water splitting reaction. Towards the perspective of sustainability and zero emission norms, hydrogen production from biomass-derived feedstocks is an affordable and efficient process. Widely used photocatalyst materials, such as metal oxides, sulphides and polymeric semiconductors, still possess challenges in terms of their performance and stability. Recently, a new class of materials has emerged as organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) photocatalysts, which have the benefits of both components, with peculiar properties and outstanding energy conversion capability. This work examines the most recent progress in the photoreforming of biomass and its derivatives using OIHs as excellent catalysts for hydrogen evolution. The fundamental aspects of the PR mechanism and different methods of hydrogen production from biomass are discussed. Additionally, an interaction between both composite materials at the atomic level has been discussed in detail in the recent literature. Finally, the opportunities and future perspective for the synthesis and development of OIH catalysts are discussed briefly with regards to biomass photo-reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashil Augustin
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Chitiphon Chuaicham
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Mariyappan Shanmugam
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | | | - Saravanan Rajendran
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá Avda. General Velásquez 1775 Arica Chile
| | - Tuan K A Hoang
- Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec 1806, boul. Lionel-Boulet Varennes Québec J3X 1S1 Canada
| | - Keiko Sasaki
- Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Karthikeyan Sekar
- Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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Markovskaya DV, Zhurenok AV, Kozlova EA. Rate of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Photovoltaic Characteristics as a Function of the Nature and Concentration of the Electrolyte. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602442205020x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Lan L, Chen H, Lee D, Xu S, Skillen N, Tedstone A, Robertson P, Garforth A, Daly H, Hardacre C, Fan X. Effect of Ball-Milling Pretreatment of Cellulose on Its Photoreforming for H 2 Production. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:4862-4871. [PMID: 35574430 PMCID: PMC9098191 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoreforming of cellulose is a promising route for sustainable H2 production. Herein, ball-milling (BM, with varied treatment times of 0.5-24 h) was employed to pretreat microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to improve its activity in photoreforming over a Pt/TiO2 catalyst. It was found that BM treatment reduced the particle size, crystallinity index (CrI), and degree of polymerization (DP) of MCC significantly, as well as produced amorphous celluloses (with >2 h treatment time). Amorphous cellulose water-induced recrystallization to cellulose II (as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and solid-state NMR analysis) was observed in aqueous media. Findings of the work showed that the BM treatment was a simple and effective pretreatment strategy to improve photoreforming of MCC for H2 production, mainly due to the decreased particle size and, specifically in aqueous media, the formation of the cellulose II phase from the recrystallization of amorphous cellulose, the extent of which correlates well with the activity in photoreforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Huanhao Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Lee
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shaojun Xu
- UK
Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Skillen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksander Tedstone
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Robertson
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens
University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Garforth
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Daly
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Photocatalytic reforming of biomass-derived feedstock to hydrogen production. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Serafin J, Ouzzine M, Sreńscek-Nazzal J, Llorca J. Photocatalytic hydrogen production from alcohol aqueous solutions over TiO2-activated carbon composites decorated with Au and Pt. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Radical generation and fate control for photocatalytic biomass conversion. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:197-214. [PMID: 37117437 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is an emerging approach for sustainable chemical production from renewable biomass under mild conditions. Active radicals are always generated as key intermediates, in which their high reactivity renders them versatile for various upgrading processes. However, controlling their reaction is a challenge, especially in highly functionalized biomass frameworks. In this Review, we summarize recent advanced photocatalytic systems for selective biomass valorization, with an emphasis on their distinct radical-mediated reaction patterns. The strategies for generating a specific radical intermediate and controlling its subsequent conversion towards desired chemicals are also highlighted, aiming to provide guidance for future studies. We believe that taking full advantage of the unique reactivity of radical intermediates would provide great opportunities to develop more efficient photocatalytic systems for biomass valorization.
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On-Demand Hydrogen Generation by the Hydrolysis of Ball-Milled Aluminum–Bismuth–Zinc Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031197. [PMID: 35161141 PMCID: PMC8838515 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this investigation, ternary Al-Bi-Zn composites were prepared through mechanochemical activation to determine the combined effects of low-cost Bi and Zn on the morphology change and reactivity of the Al composite during the hydrolysis reaction. Specifically, Zn was considered as a means to slow the hydrogen generation rate while preserving a high hydrogen yield. A steady hydrogen generation rate is preferred when coupled with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that Bi and Zn were distributed relatively uniformly in Al particles. By doing so, galvanic coupling between anodic Al and the cathodic Bi/Zn sustains the hydrolysis reaction until the entire Al particle is consumed. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed no intermetallic phases between Al, Bi, and/or Zn formed. A composite containing 7.5 wt% Bi and 2.5 wt% Zn had a hydrogen yield of 99.5%, which was completed after approximately 2300 s. It was further found that the water quality used during hydrolysis could further slow the hydrogen generation rate.
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Abstract
In photochemical production of hydrogen from water, the hole-mediated oxidation reaction is the rate-determining step. A poor solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is usually related to a mismatch between the internal quantum efficiency of photon-induced hole generation and the apparent quantum yield of hydrogen. This waste of photogenerated holes is unwanted yet unavoidable. Although great progress has been made, we are still far away from the required level of dexterity to deal with the associated challenges of wasted holes and its consequential chemical effects that have placed one of the greatest bottlenecks in attaining high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. A critical assessment of the hole and its related phenomena in solar hydrogen production would, therefore, pave the way moving forward. In this regard, we focus on the contextual and conceptual understanding of the dynamics and kinetics of photogenerated holes and its critical role in driving redox reactions, with the objective of guiding future research. The main reasons behind and consequences of unused holes are examined and different approaches to improve overall efficiency are outlined. We also highlight yet unsolved research questions related to holes in solar fuel production.
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Deal AM, Frandsen BN, Vaida V. Lactic acid photochemistry following excitation of S
0
to S
1
at 220 to 250 nm. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA
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ThOgersen J, Weidner T, Jensen F. The primary photo-dissociation dynamics of lactic acid: decarboxylation as CO2, CO2•-. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6880-6889. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05563a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We study the primary photolysis dynamics of lactic acid induced by excitation at λ = 200 nm with the aim of elucidating how simple aqueous carboxyl acids react to the...
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Abstract
World is facing two major problems, day by day demand of energy and pollution on the planet increasing with the advancement of human activities. These are real problems not only for developing countries but also for developed civilization. Present energy sources are not enough to fulfill the demand of modern world these sources are limited and number of side effects from these. Other major problem pollution that is discussed in this article, very alarming number of population every year affected from pollution and death rate from pollution is very high. In this article, briefly review how photocatalytic technique help us to resolve these problem by environmental friendly, cost effective, less energy consumption and minimum side effect approach. This article cover the main concept about photo-catalysis technique and its related terms. The main feature of efficient photocatalytic activity is selection of photo-catalyst, briefly presentation for which types of nanomaterials are suitable for cost effective and efficient catalytic activity. An overview of application of photocatalytic activity for waste water splitting for H2 production, waste water treatment and air disinfection, which types of catalyst are for these application and briefly discussed factor affecting the catalytic activity.
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48
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LaFeO3 Modified with Ni for Hydrogen Evolution via Photocatalytic Glucose Reforming in Liquid Phase. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the optimization of Ni amount on LaFeO3 photocatalyst was studied in the photocatalytic molecular hydrogen production from glucose aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. LaFeO3 was synthesized via solution combustion synthesis and different amount of Ni were dispersed on LaFeO3 surface through deposition method in aqueous solution and using NaBH4 as reducing agent. The prepared samples were characterized with different techniques: Raman spectroscopy, UltraViolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spettroscopy (UV–Vis-DRS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. For all the investigated photocatalysts, the presence of Ni on perovskite surface resulted in a better activity compared to pure LaFeO3. In particular, it is possible to identify an optimal amount of Ni for which it is possible to obtain the best hydrogen production. Specifically, the results showed that the optimal Ni amount was equal to nominal 0.12 wt% (0.12Ni/LaFeO3), for which the photocatalytic H2 production was equal to 2574 μmol/L after 4 h of UV irradiation. The influence of different of photocatalyst dosage and initial glucose concentration was also evaluated. The results of the optimization of operating parameters indicated that the highest molecular hydrogen production was achieved on 0.12Ni/LaFeO3 sample with 1.5 g/L of catalyst dosage and 1000 ppm initial glucose concentration. To determine the reactive species that play the most significant role in the photocatalytic hydrogen production, photocatalytic tests in the presence of different radical scavengers were performed. The results showed that •OH radical plays a significant role in the photocatalytic conversion of glucose in H2. Moreover, photocatalytic tests carried out with D2O instead of H2O evidenced the role of water molecules in the photocatalytic production of molecular hydrogen in glucose aqueous solution.
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Boosting the H2 Production Efficiency via Photocatalytic Organic Reforming: The Role of Additional Hole Scavenging System. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous photocatalytic H2 evolution with environmental remediation over semiconducting metal oxides is a fascinating process for sustainable fuel production. However, most of the previously reported photocatalytic reforming showed nonstoichiometric amounts of the evolved H2 when organic substrates were used. To explain the reasons for this phenomenon, a careful analysis of the products and intermediates in gas and aqueous phases upon the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from oxalic acid using Pt/TiO2 was performed. A quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) was used for the continuous flow monitoring of the evolved gases, while high performance ion chromatography (HPIC), isotopic labeling, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were employed to understand the reactions in the solution. The entire consumption of oxalic acid led to a ~30% lower H2 amount than theoretically expected. Due to the contribution of the photo-Kolbe reaction mechanism, a tiny amount of formic acid was produced then disappeared shortly after the complete consumption of oxalic acid. Nevertheless, a much lower concentration of formic acid was generated compared to the nonstoichiometric difference between the formed H2 and the consumed oxalic acid. Isotopic labeling measurements showed that the evolved H2, HD, and/or D2 matched those of the solvent; however, using D2O decreased the reaction rate. Interestingly, the presence of KI as an additional hole scavenger with oxalic acid had a considerable impact on the reaction mechanism, and thus the hydrogen yield, as indicated by the QMS and the EPR measurements. The added KI promoted H2 evolution to reach the theoretically predictable amount and inhibited the formation of intermediates without affecting the oxalic acid degradation rate. The proposed mechanism, by which KI boosts the photocatalytic performance, is of great importance in enhancing the overall energy efficiency for hydrogen production via photocatalytic organic reforming.
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