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Gong X, Shi X, Deng P, Cheng J. Reactivity of Strontium Hydride Supported by the Superbulky Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 39421973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c03296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenolysis of [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{CH(SiMe3)2}] (1) (TpAd,iPr = hydrotris(3-adamantyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazolyl)borate) in hexane solution under 20 atm of H2 allowed for the isolation of strontium hydride [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(μ-H)]2 (2) in good yield. Complex 2 exhibits the dimeric nature in solid state, featuring two different bond modes between the Sr center and TpAd,iPr ligand. Treatment of complex 2 with PhC(H)═NtBu or PhCH2Bpin (Bpin = pinacolateborane) afforded the strontium amide complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{N(CH2Ph)(tBu)}] (4) and hydroborate complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{μ-HBpin(CH2Ph)}] (5), respectively. Reactions of complex 2 with 2-picoline, 2-phenylquinoline, or 2-phenylpyridine led to the formation of strontium 2-pyridylmethylene/2-picoline complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(2-CH2-Py)(2-picoline)] (6), reductively coupling diphenyl-biquinolide complex [{(TpAd,iPr)Sr}2(2,2'-Ph2-4,4'-dihydro-4,4'-biquinolide)] (7), and diphenyl-bipyridyl radical complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(6,6'-Ph2-2,2'-bipyridyl)] (8), separately. All of the complexes have been well characterized, including NMR spectrum and single-crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xianghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Peng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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2
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Zhong S, Hu M, Zhang L, Li H, Zhang Q, Ru X, Wang LA. Leaching behavior and kinetics of beryllium in beryllium-containing sludge (BCS). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124497. [PMID: 38964645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Beryllium-containing sludge (BCS) is a byproduct of the physicochemical treatment of beryllium smelting wastewater. The pollutant element beryllium within BCS is highly unstable and extremely toxic, characterized by its small ionic radius and low charge density, resulting in a high risk of leaching and migration. This study is the first to investigate the leaching behavior, influencing mechanisms, and kinetic processes of beryllium in BCS under various environmental conditions. The results indicate that, under national standard conditions, beryllium exhibits a rapid leaching phase within the first 5 h, which then stabilizes after 10 h, with the total leached content significantly exceeding the leaching toxicity identification standards. Under mildly acidic (pH ≤ 5) or highly alkaline (pH = 14) conditions, beryllium demonstrates pronounced leaching and migration behaviors. Notably, in acidic conditions, the leaching rate exceeds 80% within 5 h. Combining the treatment process of beryllium-containing wastewater with analytical methods such as SEM, XPS, ToF-SIMS, and FTIR, it is revealed that due to the heterogeneous nature of BCS, the particle aggregates dissociate over time under acidic conditions. The particle surfaces become increasingly rough, leading to dissolution and the emergence of more reactive sites, resulting in a high proportion of beryllium leaching. Under these conditions, the gradual reaction of Be(OH)2 in BCS to form soluble Be2+ and its hydrolytic complexes is identified as the primary mechanism for extensive beryllium migration. The process encounters minimal diffusion resistance and is classified as reaction-controlled. In acidic conditions with pH = 4, the leaching rate of beryllium significantly increases with rising temperature. The leaching kinetics equation is [(1-x)-0.44]=e(18.26-53050RT)·t, with an apparent activation energy of 53.05 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Min Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Lishan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Huifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xuan Ru
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Li Ao Wang
- School of Resource and Safety Engineeing, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40044, PR China.
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Su Y, Zhao X, Sun Y, Dong Y, Wang W, Li H, Hu F, Wang Q. Porous durian shell biochar modified by KMnO 4 (Mn-DSB) as a highly selective adsorbent for Be(II). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33003-8. [PMID: 38532218 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The mining of uranium-beryllium ores has resulted in substantial beryllium (Be) contamination. In this study, agricultural waste durian shells were utilized as raw materials to prepare biochar, which was further modified to enhance its adsorption capacity (Mn-DSB). The results effectively demonstrated Mn loading onto the DSB surface. Batch experiments were conducted to identify the optimal adsorption conditions of Mn-DSB for beryllium. At a temperature of 35 °C and pH 6, beryllium's maximum adsorption capacity (Qe) was 42.08 mg·g-1. The materials' internal structure was analyzed before and after adsorption via multiple techniques. Mn-DSB manifested potent selectivity towards beryllium in multicomponent mixed solutions, binary systems, and uranium-beryllium wastewater, as the beryllium removal rate exceeded 90%. The study investigated the recyclability of Mn-DSB and found that after five reuse cycles, the adsorption and desorption efficiencies were 90% and 85%, respectively. The strong ligand complexation (N-H, CO32-, -OH) and ion exchange mechanisms (with Mn7+ ions) of Mn-DSB explained its high adsorption capacity. Therefore, this study demonstrates the potential of Mn-DSB for treating uranium-beryllium tailing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Su
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Yige Sun
- College of Chinese Language and Literature, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, Henan, China
| | - Yuexiang Dong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Hu
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Xue D, Yang J, Chen Z, Gao Z, Zhi L, Li Y. Dual-Valence Characteristics of Be 11: Tin/Lead-like Superatom. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3477-3485. [PMID: 38315665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the superatom family, the new superatom analogue Be11 of group IVA elements has been developed. Be11 can exhibit multiple valence states (+2 and +4), similar to carbon-group elements, and is capable of forming stable ionic compounds with other atoms such as carbon, chalcogen, (super)halogen, and hydroxyl. This resembles how tin and lead atoms combine with these elements to form stable molecules. Their special stability can be rationalized from the perspective of a cluster shell model. Sn or Pb could be the nearest atomic analogue to Be11 in group IVA, as the +2 oxidation state is more stable than the +4 oxidation state. This comparative investigation highlights the resemblance between Be11 and carbon-group elements, which encourages additional exploration within the superatom family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomei Xue
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Jiaqian Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zeren Chen
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Zhuqing Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Lifei Zhi
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, PR China
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Pearce KG, Hill MS, Mahon MF. Cesium Reduction of a Lithium Diamidochloroberyllate. Organometallics 2024; 43:432-437. [PMID: 38362487 PMCID: PMC10865438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Room temperature reaction of elemental cesium with the dimeric lithium chloroberyllate [{SiNDipp}BeClLi]2 [{SiNDipp} = {CH2SiMe2N(Dipp)}2, where Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl, in C6D6 results in activation of the arene solvent. Although, in contrast to earlier observations of lithium and sodium metal reduction, the generation of a mooted cesium phenylberyllate could not be confirmed, this process corroborates a previous hypothesis that such beryllium-centered solvent activation also necessitates the formation of hydridoberyllium species. These observations are further borne out by the study of an analogous reaction performed in toluene, in which case the proposed generation of formally low oxidation state beryllium radical anion intermediates induces activation of a toluene sp3 C-H bond and the isolation of the polymeric cesium benzylberyllate, [Cs({SiNDipp}BeCH2C6H5)]∞.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.
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Parveen D, Yadav RK, Roy DK. Recent progress in beryllium organometallic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1663-1673. [PMID: 38260953 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04844f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Beryllium possesses a unique amalgamation of characteristics, its electronegativity included, that not only make it a vital component in a wide range of technical sectors and consumer industries, but also make it an interesting candidate for forming covalently bonded compounds. However, the extremely toxic nature of beryllium, which can cause chronic beryllium disease, has limited the exploration of its chemistry, making beryllium one of the least studied (non-radioactive) elements. The development of selective chelating ligands, sterically encumbered substituents and, moreover, the boom of N-heterocyclic carbenes in organometallic chemistry and main group chemistry has revived the interest in beryllium chemistry. Therefore, some quite remarkable progress in the coordination and organometallic chemistry of beryllium has been made in the last two decades. For example, low oxidation state beryllium compounds, antiaromatic/aromatic beryllium compounds, where beryllium is involved in π-electron delocalization, and the isolation of beryllium-beryllium bonded species have all been achieved. This article provides an oversight over the recent developments in the organometallic chemistry of beryllium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakshan Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Dipak Kumar Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Islam MR, Sanderson P, Payne TE, Naidu R. Synthesised and modified zeolite for effective management of beryllium contaminants in aqueous media under different conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166384. [PMID: 37597559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of beryllium (Be) in solution is not well established. In this study, zeolite was synthesised from coal fly ash (CFA) and further modified to enhance Be sorption. Results indicated zeolite NaP1 was effectively synthesised, and cross-linked chitosan was grafted in/on the zeolite structure during modification. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area substantially increased from 1.05 m2/g in CFA to 94.0 m2/g in the synthesised zeolite (SZ). Furthermore, the modified zeolite (MZ) showed improved functionality as a reactive site for Be sorption. A comparative sorption study revealed inferior sorption (11.3 %) and higher desorption (56.1 %) of Be using CFA than the sorption using SZ (93.0 % sorption, 2.9 % desorption) and MZ (93.0 % sorption, 1.5 % desorption). Consequently, SZ and MZ exhibited higher sorption efficacy than commercial zeolite (57.4 %) and other commercial sorbents. At an experimental pH of 5.5 [relevant to the pH of Little Forest Legacy Waste Site (LFLS) soil, a representative site for potential Be contamination], MZ showed higher sorption than SZ. The higher sorption in MZ resulted from its elevated ligand complexation [with nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and oxygen (O)] and some ion exchange (with Na+, -NH3+, and H+ ions) mechanisms. Moreover, increased sorption (up to 99 %) was observed using colloidal soil solution (CSS) collected from LFLS soil to simulate field conditions after extensive rainfall. Different environmental factors (e.g. pH, temperature, time, CSS, concentrations of sorbate, and sorbent) regulated Be sorption. The sorption mechanism was best described by the Langmuir model, and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.999). Moreover, the sorption reaction was spontaneous (ΔG = -Ve), enthalpically, and entropically influenced. Desorption hysteresis (ndesorption/nsorption < 1) suggested irreversible sorption, and the chemisorption mechanism of Be was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; crc for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (crcCARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
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8
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Parimi A, Schreckenbach G. Interactions between Metals and Eudistomins of Ascidian Origin: A Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19178-19194. [PMID: 37956254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ascidians are marine animals that adopt unusual techniques to deter predation. The three main methods are sequestration of unusual metals, high concentrations of sulfuric acid/sulfate ions in tunicate cells, and the presence of eudistomins. In this study, we hypothesize that ascidians sequester metals in their sulfate form, and the complexation of eudistomins with the metals could liberate the sulfate ion. Three representative metal aqua ions were chosen, viz., vanadyl, uranyl, and thorium ions, as well as four simple eudistomins which act as bidentate ligands, viz., eudistomin-W, debromoeudistomin-K, eudistomidin-C, and eudistomidin-B. By designing 7 model reactions, we tested our hypothesis using density functional theory (DFT) methods PBE-D3, BLYP, and B3LYP. The ΔG values of the model reactions provide strong support for our hypothesis. To verify the hypothesis further, we calculated the metal-eudistomin interactions with Be, Zn, and Pb. Based on our results, we suggest that ascidians may not prefer any particular metal. In addition, despite using different DFT functionals, we have observed similar ΔG values for each case. With our work, we have successfully used computational tools in our attempt to understand the unique behavior of ascidians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Parimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
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Han Y, Xun F, Zhao C, Li B, Luo W, Feng M, Xu D, Xing P, Wu QL. Evaluating potential ecological risks of emerging toxic elements in lacustrine sediments: A case study in Lake Fuxian, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121277. [PMID: 36796668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fragile ecosystems of plateau lakes are in face of ecological risks from emerging toxic elements. Beryllium (Be) and thallium (Tl) have been considered priority control metals in recent years owing to their persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. However, the toxic factors of Be and Tl are scarce and ecological risks of them in the aquatic environment were seldom investigated. Hence, this study developed a framework for calculating the potential ecological risk index (PERI) of Be and Tl in aquatic systems and used it to assess the ecological risks of Be and Tl in Lake Fuxian, a plateau lake in China. The toxicity factors of Be and Tl were calculated to be 40 and 5, respectively. In sediments of Lake Fuxian, the concentrations of Be and Tl were between 2.18 and 4.04 mg/kg and 0.72-0.94 mg/kg, respectively. The spatial distribution indicated that Be was more abundant in the eastern and southern regions, and Tl had higher concentrations near the northern and southern banks, consistent with the distribution of anthropogenic activities. The background values were calculated as 3.38 mg/kg and 0.89 mg/kg for Be and Tl, respectively. In comparison with Be, Tl was more enriched in Lake Fuxian. The increasing Tl enrichment has been attributed to anthropogenic activities (e.g., coal burning and non-ferrous metal production), especially since the 1980s. Generally, Be and Tl contamination has decreased over the past several decades, from moderate to low, since the 1980s. The ecological risk of Tl was low, whereas Be might have caused low to moderate ecological risks. In the future, the obtained toxic factors of Be and Tl in this study can be adopted in assessing the ecological risks of them in sediments. Moreover, the framework can be employed for the ecological risk assessment of other newly emerging toxic elements in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Xun
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenlei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Muhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Di Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China
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10
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The dubious origin of beryllium toxicity. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFour mechanisms have been proposed in the literature to explain beryllium toxicity; they can be divided in two groups of two mechanisms: (i) replacement type: models 1 and 2; (ii) addition type: models 3 and 4. At this moment is not possible to select the best model not even to establish if one of these models will be the ultimate mechanism of beryllium toxicity. However, it is important to know the still open discussion about something so important associated with one of the simplest elements of the periodic table.
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Abstract
Living systems are built from a small subset of the atomic elements, including the bulk macronutrients (C,H,N,O,P,S) and ions (Mg,K,Na,Ca) together with a small but variable set of trace elements (micronutrients). Here, we provide a global survey of how chemical elements contribute to life. We define five classes of elements: those that are (i) essential for all life, (ii) essential for many organisms in all three domains of life, (iii) essential or beneficial for many organisms in at least one domain, (iv) beneficial to at least some species, and (v) of no known beneficial use. The ability of cells to sustain life when individual elements are absent or limiting relies on complex physiological and evolutionary mechanisms (elemental economy). This survey of elemental use across the tree of life is encapsulated in a web-based, interactive periodic table that summarizes the roles chemical elements in biology and highlights corresponding mechanisms of elemental economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh A Remick
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States.
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Islam MR, Sanderson P, Johansen MP, Payne TE, Naidu R. Environmental chemistry response of beryllium to diverse soil-solution conditions at a waste disposal site. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:94-109. [PMID: 36537748 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated how the variation in different sorption conditions of beryllium (Be) in soil-water systems (electrolytes; ionic strengths; competing, counter, and co-existing ions; concentrations of Be and soil; and temperature) affected Be's environmental behaviour. For this reason, potentially contaminated soil was collected from a legacy waste site near Sydney, Australia. The sorption-desorption plateau for Be was found at >12.5 g L-1 (soil/solution), considering higher sorption and limited desorption. Variable surface charges developed by different added ions (competing ions, counter ions, and co-existence of all ions) were not always correlated with Be sorption. However, effects of added ions in Be sorption (increased by counter ions and decreased by competing ions) primarily occurred at low pH, with no noticeable changes at pH > 6 due to the hydration and precipitation behaviour of Be at higher pH. Both laboratory data and modelling indicated the substantial effect of counter ions on increased sorption of Be. Relatively higher amounts of sorption under the co-existence of all added ions were suggested from synergistic actions. Sorption was favourable (KL > 0, and 0 < RL < 1) across all concentrations and temperatures at pH 5.5, and high retention (84-97%) occurred after four desorption cycles indicated specific sorption. The sorption process was exothermic (ΔH > -43 kJ mole-1), while desorption was endothermic (ΔH > +78.4 kJ mole-1). All sorption-desorption reactions were spontaneous (ΔG = -Ve), and executed without any structural deformation (ΔS = nearly zero) of soil particles. However, the effect of temperature on desorption was influenced by the concentrations of Be. Higher retention and different sorption-desorption parameters (Kd-desorption > Kd-sorption; Kf-desorption > Kf-sorption; ndesorption/nsorption < 1) indicate limited mobility of Be and the presence of desorption hysteresis in the studied soil under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mathew P Johansen
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CARE), The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
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13
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Kukulin VI, Bibikov AV, Tkalya EV, Ceccarelli M, Bodrenko IV. 7Be and 22Na radionuclides for a new therapy for cancer. Biomol Concepts 2023; 14:bmc-2022-0028. [PMID: 38167297 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
10B isotopes have been almost exclusively used in the neutron-capture radiation therapy (NCT) of cancer for decades. We have identified two other nuclides suitable for radiotherapy, which have ca. ten times larger cross section of absorption for neutrons and emit heavy charged particles. This would provide several key advantages for potential NCT, such as the possibility to use a lower nuclide concentration in the target tissues or a lower neutron irradiation flux. By detecting the characteristic γ radiation from the spontaneous decay of the radionuclides, one can image their biodistribution. These advantages could open up new possibilities for NCT applications as a safer and more efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I Kukulin
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, Ru-119991, Russia
| | - Anton V Bibikov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, Ru-119991, Russia
| | - Eugene V Tkalya
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, 53 Leninskiy pr., Moscow, Russia
- Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Bol'shaya Tulskaya 52, Moscow, 115191, Russia
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.700, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato (CA) 09042-I, Italy
| | - Igor V Bodrenko
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, CNR-IOM Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato (CA) 09042-I, Italy
- Ecole Normale Sup´erieure, D´epartement de Chimie - Laboratoire PASTEUR, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
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14
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Islam MR, Sanderson P, Payne TE, Deb AK, Naidu R. Role of beryllium in the environment: Insights from specific sorption and precipitation studies under different conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155698. [PMID: 35523347 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined factors influencing the environmental behaviour of Be, specifically considering soils collected from a legacy radioactive waste disposal site near Sydney (Australia). The precipitation study showed the formation of Be(OH)2 (amorphous) from ICP standard solution, but a mixture of Be(OH)2 (alpha), Be(OH)2 (beta) and ternary Na/S-Be (ΙΙ)-OH(s) solid phase were formed from BeSO4 solutions. The precipitation of Be started at relatively lower pH at higher concentrations than at the lower Be concentration as indicated by both laboratory data and simulation. Across the pH range, the Be sorption curve was divided into three phases, these being pH 3-6, pH 6-10, and pH > 10, within which sorption of Be with soil was 9-97%, 90-97%, and 66-90%, respectively. Beryllium solubility was limited at pH > 7, but a sorption study with soil showed chemisorption under both acidic and alkaline pH (pH 5.5 and 8) conditions, which was confirmed by FTIR and XPS analysis. At pH 5.5 (specifically relevant to the study site), sorption of Be was 72-95%, in which 77% and 46% Be was respectively sorbed by separated fulvic and humic acid fractions. The irreversible chemisorption mechanism was controlled by SOM at higher pH, and by metal oxyhydroxides at lower pH. Both organic and inorganic components synergistically influence the specific chemisorption of Be at the intermediate pH 5.5 of field soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Peter Sanderson
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Timothy E Payne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Amal Kanti Deb
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia; CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle (UoN), University Drive, Callaghan Campus, NSW 2308, Australia.
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15
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Thomas‐Hargreaves LR, Berthold C, Augustinov W, Müller M, Ivlev SI, Buchner MR. Reactivity of Diphenylberyllium as a Brønsted Base and Its Synthetic Application. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200851. [PMID: 35389541 PMCID: PMC9322039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diphenylberyllium [Be3Ph6] is shown here to react cleanly as a Brønsted base with a vast variety of protic compounds. Through the addition of the simple molecules tBuOH, HNPh2 and HPPh2, as well as the more complex 1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolinium chloride, one or two phenyl groups in diphenylberyllium were protonated. As a result, the long‐postulated structures of [Be3(OtBu)6] and [Be(μ‐NPh2)Ph]2 have finally been verified and shown to be static in solution. Additionally [Be(μ‐PPh2)(HPPh2)Ph]2 was generated, which is only the second beryllium‐phospanide to be prepared; the stark differences between its behaviour and that of the analogous amide were also examined. The first crystalline example of a beryllium Grignard reagent with a non‐bulky aryl group has also been prepared; it is stabilised with an N‐heterocyclic carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg 35043 Marburg Germany
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16
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Jyai RN, Näther C, Bensch W, Srinivasan BR. Structural characterization of sodium and potassium 3-nitrohydrogenphthalate coordination polymers. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structures and properties of two alkali metal 3-nitrohydrogenphthalates obtained by a 1:2 reaction of M2CO3 (M = K or Na) with 3-nitrophthalic acid (LH2) are reported. In the anhydrous potassium coordination polymer [K(LH)] (LH = 2-carboxy-3-nitrobenzoate) 1, the K+ cation is bonded to nine oxygen atoms from six symmetry related (LH)– ligands resulting in a distorted {KO9} coordination polyhedron. Five of the six oxygen atoms including a nitro oxygen atom of the crystallographically unique 2-carboxy-3-nitrobenzoate are involved in metal binding. The μ6-bridging mode of (LH)– places the K+ cations into the layers of the two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer. Each {KO9} polyhedron in 1 shares edges with two other polyhedra along the b and c axes. A low temperature structure redetermination of [Na(L#H)(H2O)3]·H2O (L#H = 2-carboxy-6-nitrobenzoate) 2 has revealed that the (L#H)− anion is bonded to the Na+ cation in a monodentate fashion via the carbonyl oxygen atom of the –COOH group and two of the three unique aqua ligands exhibit a bridging bidentate mode stabilizing a chain polymer. The structure of compound 2 thus consists of chains of edge-sharing {NaO6} octahedra. Thermal decomposition of 1 or 2 results in the formation of metal carbonate residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita N. Jyai
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University , Taleigao , Goa 403206 , India
| | - Christian Näther
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel , Kiel , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel , Kiel , Germany
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17
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Buchner MR, Spang N, Ivlev SI. Hydrolysis and oxidation products of phosphine adducts to beryllium chloride. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and PMe3 mono-adducts [(dppe)BeCl2]n and [(PMe3)BeCl2]2 is described and their spectroscopic properties discussed. Hydrolysis of these two compounds and of the bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp) adduct to BeCl2 gave [dppeH2][BeCl4], [Me3PH]n[Be4Cl9]n and [dpppH2][Be2Cl6], which have been isolated and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactions of [(PMe3)BeCl2]2 with p-cresole gave [Me3PH]2[Be2Cl4(OC7H7)2]. This phenoxide together with [(Me3PO)2Be2Cl4], the oxidation product of [(PMe3)BeCl2]2, have also been structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg , Germany
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18
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Özdemir VT, Tuğaç HM, Arar Ö. Two-pot Oxidative Preparation of Dicarboxylic Acid Containing Cellulose
for the Removal of Beryllium (Be2+) from Aqueous Solution. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016999200719232310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cellulose is one of the most abundant, non-toxic, and renewable natural biopolymers. The presence
of hydroxyl groups in cellulose leads to further modification of it. Preparation and modification of cellulose-based sorbents
and their applications on water treatment gained traction in recent years.
Objective:
A low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent was designed and fabricated by introducing the acetate functional groups
into cellulose for removing Beryllium (Be2+) from an aqueous solution. The so
rption of Be2+ on acetate containing cellulose
was evaluated for varying sorbent doses and initial solution pH values.
Method:
The sorbent was prepared by a two-step oxidation process. In the initial step, cellulose reacted with NaIO4 and
aldehyde groups were introduced to cellulose. In the second step, newly obtained aldehyde groups were oxidized to create
acetate groups.
Results:
The kinetics of the sorption process showed that Be2+ uptake reached equilibrium in 3 minutes. The sorption
isotherm was well fitted in the Langmuir model, and maximum sorption capacity was 4.54 mg/g. Moreover, the
thermodynamic studies demonstrated that Be2+ sorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Furthermore, the prepared sorbent
can be regenerated by using 0.1 M HCl or H2SO4 solutions.
Conclusion:
Removal of Be2+ is pH dependent and it is favorable at high solution pH. The kinetics of the prepared sorbent
is rapid and equilibrium attained in 3 minutes. The prepared sorbent can be regenerated with 0.1 M acid solution with >
99% efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Tolga Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040,Turkey
| | - Himmet Mert Tuğaç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040,Turkey
| | - Özgür Arar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040,Turkey
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19
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Baguli S, Mondal S, Mandal C, Goswami S, Mukherjee D. Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of the Alkaline Earths in Light of the Periodic Trends. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202100962. [PMID: 34825506 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The electron-rich cyclopentadienyl and the analogous indenyl and fluorenyl ligands (collectively denoted here as Cp') have been impactful in stabilizing electron-deficient metal centers including the highly electropositive alkaline earths. Being in the s-block, the group 2 metals follow a major periodic variation in their atomic and ionic properties which is reflected in those Cp' compounds. This article presents an overview of this class of compounds for all the five metals from beryllium to barium (radium is excluded for its radioactivity), highlighting their systematic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Baguli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Chhotan Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Santu Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Nadia, 741246, West Bengal, India
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20
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Chen YG, Jiang X, Yang Y, Dai Z, Lin Z, Zhang XM. PbBe 2B 2O 6: an ultraviolet nonlinear-optical crystal with unprecedented π–π interacting BeBO 5 group. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12471-12474. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet crystal PbBe2B2O6 with an unprecedented π–π interacting BeBO5 group, has wide optical-transparency, whole-spectrum phase-matching, and large nonlinear-optical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Functional Crystal Group, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Functional Crystal Group, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xian-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Material, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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21
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Buchanan JK, Severinsen RJ, Buchner MR, Thomas-Hargreaves LR, Spang N, John KD, Plieger PG. Quinolino[7,8- h]quinoline: a 'just right' ligand for beryllium(II) coordination. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16950-16953. [PMID: 34787615 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and crystal structure of the first quinolino[7,8-h]quinoline beryllium(II) complex of the general formula [BeL2(MeCN)Br]Br·MeCN, containing the ligand 4,9-dihydroxyquinolino[7,8-h]quinoline (L2). The Be(II) cation is a great size match for the dinitrogen binding pocket of the quinolino[7,8-h]quinoline ligand as indicated by minimal out-of-plane displacement and ligand distortion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K Buchanan
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca J Severinsen
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Lewis R Thomas-Hargreaves
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kevin D John
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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22
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Buchner MR, Thomas‐Hargreaves LR, Kreuzer LK, Spang N, Ivlev SI. Dimethylsulfide Adducts of the Beryllium Halides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | | | - Lukas K. Kreuzer
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Sergei I. Ivlev
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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23
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Abyaz B, Mahdavifar Z, Schreckenbach G, Gao Y. Prediction of beryllium clusters (Be n; n = 3-25) from first principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19716-19728. [PMID: 34524334 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary searches using the USPEX method (Universal Structure Predictor: Evolutionary Xtallography) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to obtain the global minimum structures of beryllium (Ben, n = 3-25) clusters. The thermodynamic stability, optoelectronic and photocatalytic properties as well as the nature of bonding are considered for the most stable clusters. It is found that the cluster with n = 15 is the transition point at which the configurations change from 3D hollow cages to filled cage structures (with an interior atom appearing in the structure). All the ground state structures are energetically favorable with negative binding energies, suggesting good synthetic feasibility for these structures. The calculated relative stabilities and electronic structure show that the Be4, Be10 and, Be17 clusters are the most stable structures and can be considered as superatoms. The electron configurations of Be4, Be10 and Be17 clusters with 8, 20 and 34 electrons are identified as 1S2 1P6, 1S2 1P6 1D10 2S2, 1S2 1P6 1D10 2S2 1F14, respectively. Theoretical simulations determined that all the ground state structures exhibit excellent thermal stability, where the upper-limit temperature that the structures can tolerate is 900 K. During AIMD simulation of O2 adsorption onto the Be17 cluster an interesting phenomenon was happening in which the pristine Be17 cluster becomes a new stable Be17O16 cluster. Based on ELF (electron localization function) analysis, it can be concluded that the Be-Be bonds in the small clusters are primarily of van der Waals type, while for the larger clusters, the bonds are of metallic nature. The Ben clusters show very strong absorption in the UV and visible regions with absorption coefficients larger than 105 cm-1, which suggests a wide range of potential advanced optoelectronics applications. The Be17 cluster has a suitable band alignment in the visible-light excitation region which will produce enhanced photocatalytic activities (making it a promising material for water splitting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abyaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Zabiollah Mahdavifar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Georg Schreckenbach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.,Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
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24
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Czernetzki C, Arrowsmith M, Fantuzzi F, Gärtner A, Tröster T, Krummenacher I, Schorr F, Braunschweig H. A Neutral Beryllium(I) Radical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20776-20780. [PMID: 34263524 PMCID: PMC8518760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of a cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene (CAAC)-stabilized organoberyllium chloride yields the first neutral beryllium radical, which was characterized by EPR, IR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Czernetzki
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Fabian Schorr
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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25
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Roy S, Thirumoorthy K, Padidela UK, Vairaprakash P, Anoop A, Thimmakondu VS. Organomagnesium Crown Ethers and Their Binding Affinities with Li
+
, Na
+
, K
+
, Be
2+
, Mg
2+
, and Ca
2+
Ions – A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Roy
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
| | - Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Uday Kumar Padidela
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus Goa 403 726 India
| | - Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical and Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Than javur 613 401 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721 302 West Bengal India
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26
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Czernetzki C, Arrowsmith M, Fantuzzi F, Gärtner A, Tröster T, Krummenacher I, Schorr F, Braunschweig H. Ein neutrales Beryllium(I)‐Radikal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Czernetzki
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Merle Arrowsmith
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Annalena Gärtner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Fabian Schorr
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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27
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Zhou M, Frenking G. Transition-Metal Chemistry of the Heavier Alkaline Earth Atoms Ca, Sr, and Ba. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3071-3082. [PMID: 34264062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAlkaline earth elements beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium with an ns2 valence-shell configuration are usually classified as main-group elements that belong to the s-block atoms. For a long time, the elements were considered to be rather chemically uninteresting atomic species due to preconceived ideas about bonding, structure, and reactivity. They typically use the two ns valence electrons in forming ionic salt compounds with the metal in a formal oxidation state of +2. For the heavier alkaline earth atoms, calcium, strontium, and barium, their (n - 1)d atomic orbitals (AOs) are empty but lie close in energy to the valence np orbitals. Earlier theoretical investigations have already suggested that these elements can employ the (n - 1)d AOs to some extent to form polar bonds in divalent species in which the alkaline earth metal centers are sufficiently positively charged. The d orbital involvement increases from Ca to Sr and markedly in Ba. Thus, barium has been termed an honorary transition metal.Recently, molecular complexes of Ca, Sr, and Ba were prepared in the gas phase and in a low-temperature solid neon matrix and were detected by infrared spectroscopy. An analysis of the electronic structures of [Ba(CO)]+, [Ba(CO)]-, saturated coordinated octacarbonyls [M(CO)8] and [M(CO)8]+, isoelectronic dinitrogen complexes [M(N2)8] and [M(N2)8]+, and the tribenzene complexes [M(Bz)3] (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) revealed that the metal-ligand bonding can be straightforwardly discussed using the traditional Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) model as in classical transition-metal complexes. The metal-ligand bonds can be explained with metal → ligand π back donation from occupied metal (n - 1)d AOs to vacant antibonding π molecular orbitals of the ligands with concomitant σ donation from occupied MOs of the ligands to vacant metal d orbitals of the alkaline earth atoms. In addition, heteronuclear Ca-Fe carbonyl cation complexes were also produced in the gas phase. Bonding analysis of the coordination saturated [CaFe(CO)10]+ complex implies that it can be described by the bonding interactions between a [Ca(CO)6]2+ fragment and an [Fe(CO)4]- anion fragment in forming a Fe → Ca d-d dative bond. The nature of metal-ligand and metal-metal bonding was quantitatively elucidated by the energy decomposition analysis in conjunction with the natural orbitals for the chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) method, which indicate that the (n - 1)d AOs of the alkaline earth metals are the dominant orbitals participating in the covalent interactions, just as typical transition metals. The results indicate that the heavier alkaline earth elements have a much richer covalent chemistry than previously thought. These findings, along with earlier studies, suggest that the heavier alkaline earth atoms Ca, Sr, and Ba should be classified as transition metals rather than main group atoms in the periodic table of the elements. This interesting structural chemistry, together with some recently reported examples of spectacular reactivity, establishes these elements as exciting and promising research targets in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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28
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Jin X, Bai Y, Zhou Y, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Highly Coordinated Heteronuclear Calcium–Iron Carbonyl Cation Complexes [CaFe(CO)
n
]
+
(
n
=5–12) with d−d Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35043 Marburg Germany
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29
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Jin X, Bai Y, Zhou Y, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Highly Coordinated Heteronuclear Calcium-Iron Carbonyl Cation Complexes [CaFe(CO) n ] + (n=5-12) with d-d Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13865-13870. [PMID: 33826215 PMCID: PMC8251804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear calcium-iron carbonyl cation complexes in the form of [CaFe(CO)n ]+ (n=5-12) are produced in the gas phase. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations confirm that the n=10 complex is the coordination saturated ion where a Fe(CO)4 fragment is bonded with a Ca(CO)6 fragment through two side-on bridging carbonyl ligands. Bonding analysis indicates that it is best described by the bonding interactions between a [Ca(CO)6 ]2+ dication and an [Fe(CO)4 ]- anion forming a Fe→Ca d-d dative bond in the [(CO)6 Ca-Fe(CO)4 ]+ structure, which enriches the pool of experimentally observed complexes of calcium that mimic transition metal compounds. The molecule is the first example of a heteronuclear carbonyl complex featuring a d-d bond between calcium and a transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Yuna Bai
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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30
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Lamsabhi AM, Mó O, Yáñez M. Perturbating Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds through Substituent Effects or Non-Covalent Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:3556. [PMID: 34200912 PMCID: PMC8230504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the effects induced by F, Cl, and Br-substituents at the α-position of both, the hydroxyl or the amino group for a series of amino-alcohols, HOCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2 (n = 0-5) on the strength and characteristics of their OH···N or NH···O intramolecular hydrogen bonds (IMHBs) was carried out through the use of high-level G4 ab initio calculations. For the parent unsubstituted amino-alcohols, it is found that the strength of the OH···N IMHB goes through a maximum for n = 2, as revealed by the use of appropriate isodesmic reactions, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and atoms in molecules (AIM), and non-covalent interaction (NCI) procedures. The corresponding infrared (IR) spectra also reflect the same trends. When the α-position to the hydroxyl group is substituted by halogen atoms, the OH···N IMHB significantly reinforces following the trend H < F < Cl < Br. Conversely, when the substitution takes place at the α-position with respect to the amino group, the result is a weakening of the OH···N IMHB. A totally different scenario is found when the amino-alcohols HOCH2(CH2)nCH2NH2 (n = 0-3) interact with BeF2. Although the presence of the beryllium derivative dramatically increases the strength of the IMHBs, the possibility for the beryllium atom to interact simultaneously with the O and the N atoms of the amino-alcohol leads to the global minimum of the potential energy surface, with the result that the IMHBs are replaced by two beryllium bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Manuel Yáñez
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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31
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Paparo A, Matthews AJR, Smith CD, Edwards AJ, Yuvaraj K, Jones C. N-Heterocyclic carbene, carbodiphosphorane and diphosphine adducts of beryllium dihalides: synthesis, characterisation and reduction studies. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7604-7609. [PMID: 33988210 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01393a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of several N-heterocyclic carbenes, a carbodiphosphorane, and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (DPPE) with [BeX2(OEt2)2] (X = Br or I) have yielded a variety of beryllium dihalide adduct complexes, all of which were crystallographically characterised. Attempts to reduce the compounds to low oxidation state beryllium complexes using a variety of reducing agents have been carried out, but were of limited success. However, reaction of [(IPr)BeBr2] (IPr = :C{(DipNCH)2}; Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) with the aluminium(i) heterocycle, [:Al(DipNacnac)] (DipNacnac = [HC(MeCNDip)2]-) afforded the adduct complex, [{(IPr)(Br)Be(μ-H)}2], while reduction of [(IPr)BeBr2] with potassium naphthalenide gave the beryllium naphthalenediyl complex, [(IPr)Be(C10H8)]. Furthermore, reaction of [{(DPPE)BeI2}∞], with [:Al(DipNacnac)] led to insertion of the Al centre of the heterocycle into a Be-I bond, and formation of a rare example of an Al-Be bonded complex, [(DPPE)(i)Be-Al(i)(DipNacnac)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Paparo
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | | | - Cory D Smith
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Alison J Edwards
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia
| | - K Yuvaraj
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry, PO Box 23, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia.
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32
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Buchner MR, Müller M. Ethylenediamine complexes of the beryllium halides and pseudo-halides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7246-7255. [PMID: 33949519 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01154e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of ethylenediamine (en) as an alternative solvent to liquid ammonia in beryllium chemistry was evaluated. Therefore, BeF2, BeCl2, BeBr2, BeI2, [Be(NH3)4](N3)2, [Be(NH3)4](CN)2 and [Be(NH3)4](SCN)2 were reacted with ethylenediamine and analysed via NMR and IR spectroscopy. Additionally single crystal structures of [BeF2(en)]n, [Be(en)3]Cl2, [Be(en)3]Br2, [Be(en)2]I2·en, [Be(en)2](N3)2·en, [Be(en)2]4(SCN)7Cl and [Be3(OH)3(en)3][C2H9N2](SCN)4 were obtained. The anions were found to have a distinct influence on the solubility as well as on the species present in solution and the solid state, while ethylenediamine can act as mono- and bidentate ligand or as a crystal solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Hauptgruppenmetallchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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33
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Andrea Scorciapino M, Nunes C, Ceccarelli M, Tkalya E, Bodrenko I. New Perspectives for Neutron Capture Radiation Therapy with 7Be. The Chemistry and Biochemistry Gap. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2939-2942. [PMID: 33653462 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The research on new radiopharmaceuticals for therapy of cancer is evolving rapidly. Thanks to novel technologies and new selective and less toxic compounds, we move towards personalized molecular medicine. The neutron capture radiation therapy (NCT) can be potentially much safer and can offer a better spatial and temporal control than the radioisotope therapy. Still, there are not many options in NCT: the 10B isotope has been almost exclusively used for decades, and only recently, 157Gd has attracted some interest. Here, we want to draw attention to a new nuclide, 7Be, recently suggested for the NCT, and discuss perspective of Be2+ confinement in aqueous solutions and targeted delivery to cancerous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Nunes
- Laboratorio Associado de Quimica Verde/Rede de Quimica e Tecnologia, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy
| | - Eugene Tkalya
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor Bodrenko
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Unità di Cagliari, 09042, Italy
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34
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Wang G, Zhao J, Hu H, Li J, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of BeFe(CO)
4
−
Anion with Beryllium−Iron Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Han‐Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Department of Chemistry School of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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35
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Wang G, Zhao J, Hu HS, Li J, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of BeFe(CO) 4 - Anion with Beryllium-Iron Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9334-9338. [PMID: 33400362 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Heteronuclear BeFe(CO)4 - anion complex is generated in the gas phase, which is detected by mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the carbonyl stretching frequency region. The complex is characterized to have a Be-Fe bonded Be-Fe(CO)4 - structure with C3v symmetry and all of the four carbonyl ligands bonded on the iron center. Quantum chemical studies indicate that the complex has a quite short Be-Fe bond. Besides one electron-sharing σ bond, there are two additional, albeit weak, Be ← Fe(CO)4 - dative π bonding interactions. The findings imply that metal-metal bonding between s-block and transition metals is viable under suitable coordination environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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36
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Vos E, Corral I, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Yáñez M. Spontaneous bond dissociation cascades induced by Be n clusters (n = 2,4). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:6448-6454. [PMID: 33720220 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06009g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-level single and multireference ab initio calculations show that the Be4 cluster behaves as a very efficient Lewis acid when interacting with conventional Lewis bases such as ammonia, water or hydrogen fluoride, to the point that the corresponding acid-base interaction triggers a sequential dissociation of all the bonds of the Lewis base. Notably, this behavior is already found for the simplest beryllium cluster, the Be2 dimer. However, whereas for Be2 the first dissociation process involves a low activation barrier which is above the reactants, for Be4 all the bond dissociation processes involve barriers below the entrance channel leading to a cascade of successive exothermic processes, which end up spontaneously in a global minimum in which the bonding patterns of both the base and the Lewis acid are completely destroyed. Indeed, the global minimum, in all cases, is stabilized by three-center Be-H-Be bonds and covalent interactions between the Be atoms and the basic center of the base, which replace the initial metallic bond stabilizing the Be4 cluster. As a consequence, in the global minimum the basic atoms (N, O and F) behave as hyper-coordinated centers. Also importantly, the Be4 cluster and its complexes present RHF-UHF instabilities (not reported before for Be4), which require the use of multireference methods to correctly describe them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vos
- Departamento de Química (Módulo 13, Facultad de Ciencias) and Institute of Advanced Chemical Sciences (IadChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain.
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolierung und Reaktivität eines s‐Block‐Metall‐Antiaromaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Discipline of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Indore Khandwa Road, Simrol Indore 453552, M.P. Indien
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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38
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Roy DK, Tröster T, Fantuzzi F, Dewhurst RD, Lenczyk C, Radacki K, Pranckevicius C, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Isolation and Reactivity of an Antiaromatic s-Block Metal Compound. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3812-3819. [PMID: 33210400 PMCID: PMC7898526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity have a long history, and countless demonstrations of these phenomena have been made with molecules based on elements from the p, d, and f blocks of the periodic table. In contrast, the limited oxidation-state flexibility of the s-block metals has long stood in the way of their participation in sophisticated π-bonding arrangements, and truly antiaromatic systems containing s-block metals are altogether absent or remain poorly defined. Using spectroscopic, structural, and computational techniques, we present herein the synthesis and authentication of a heterocyclic compound containing the alkaline earth metal beryllium that exhibits significant antiaromaticity, and detail its chemical reduction and Lewis-base-coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Roy
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Discipline of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology IndoreKhandwa Road, SimrolIndore453552, M.P.India
| | - Tobias Tröster
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten Lenczyk
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Krzysztof Radacki
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Conor Pranckevicius
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgEmil-Fischer-Strasse 4297074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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39
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Buchanan JK, Plieger PG. The Design of Tetradentate Ligands for Beryllium Encapsulation. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K. Buchanan
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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40
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Baiheti T, Han S, Jin W, Yang Z, Pan S. Cs 2AlB 5O 10: a short-wavelength nonlinear optical crystal with moderate second harmonic generation response. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:822-825. [PMID: 33399598 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04020g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new compound Cs2AlB5O10 was synthesized by a high temperature solution method in open air. It features a DUV cutoff edge below 190 nm and a moderate SHG response (0.8 × KDP at 1064 nm), indicating that it may have certain application prospects in the UV nonlinear optical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuohetijiang Baiheti
- CAS Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, CAS, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Materials and Devices, 40-1 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, China.
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41
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Buchner MR, Dankert F, Spang N, Pielnhofer F, von Hänisch C. A Second Modification of Beryllium Bromide: β-BeBr 2. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:16783-16788. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Fabian Dankert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Florian Pielnhofer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
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42
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Wang G, Zhou Y, Jin X, Jin J, Zhou M. A Homoleptic Beryllium Carbonyl Complex with an End‐On and Side‐On Bridging Carbonyl Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1651-1655. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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43
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Wang G, Zhou Y, Jin X, Jin J, Zhou M. A Homoleptic Beryllium Carbonyl Complex with an End‐On and Side‐On Bridging Carbonyl Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yangyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyang Jin
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jiaye Jin
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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44
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Dais TN, Nixon DJ, Brothers PJ, Henderson W, Plieger PG. Towards more effective beryllium chelation: an investigation of second-sphere hydrogen bonding. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40142-40147. [PMID: 35520866 PMCID: PMC9057475 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08706h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative study between three experimentally known beryllium chelators (EDTA, NTP, and 10-HBQS) and two tetradentate tripodal di-pyridine-based receptors (HL and HL-NH2), specifically designed to bind Be2+ cations, has been undertaken in the aqueous phase at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) computational level. The relative binding energies of these five ligand systems to a variety of first row and pre-transition metal cations have been calculated, specifically to investigate their binding strength to Be2+ and the binding enhancement that a second sphere hydrogen bonding interaction could afford to the pyridyl based systems. The complexes of EDTA were calculated to have the highest average binding energy; followed by those of NTP, HL-NH2, HL, and finally 10-HBQS. The calculated binding energy of the HL-NH2Be complex, which includes second sphere interactions, was found to be almost 9% greater than the HL Be complex, with an average binding energy increase of 13.5% observed across all metals upon inclusion of second sphere hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson N Dais
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - David J Nixon
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - William Henderson
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton 3240 New Zealand
| | - Paul G Plieger
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University Private Bag 11 222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
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45
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Spang N, Müller M, Augustinov W, Buchner MR. Behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile solutions. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The solution behavior of beryllium halides and triflate in acetonitrile was studied by NMR, IR and Raman spectroscopy. Thereby mononuclear units [(MeCN)2BeX
2] (X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) were identified as dominant species in these solutions. The solid state structure of [(MeCN)2Be(OTf)2] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. If only one equivalent of MeCN is used the dinuclear compounds [(MeCN)BeX
2]2 (X = Cl, Br, I) are formed. Partial halide and triflate dissociation into the monomeric complexes as well as the formation of hetero-halide complexes [(MeCN)2BeClBr], [(MeCN)2BeClI] and [(MeCN)2BeBrI] was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Spang
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - William Augustinov
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Magnus R. Buchner
- Fachbereich Chemie , Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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46
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Liu X, Zhang M, Zhong R, Wu S, Liu Y, Geng Y, Su Z. Computational Study of sp x (x=1-3)-Hybridized Be-Be Bonds Stabilized by Amidinate Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:10891-10895. [PMID: 32297691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Complexes containing odd-electron Be-Be bonds are still rare until now. Hereby, a series of neutral di-beryllium amidinate complexes containing a Be-Be bond were explored theoretically. The complexes with direct chelation with the Be2 dimer by the bidentate amidinate (AMD) ligands are always corresponding to their global minimum structures. The detailed bonding analyses reveal that the localized electrons of the Be-Be fragment can be adjusted by the amount of AMD ligands because each AMD ligand only takes one electron from the Be2 fragment. Meanwhile, the hybridization of the central Be atom also changes as the number of AMD ligands increases. In particular, the sp3 -hybridized single-electron Be-Be bond is firstly identified in the tri-AMD-ligands-chelated neutral D3h -Be2 (AMD)3 complex, which also possesses the higher stability compared to its monoanionic D3h -Be2 (AMD)3 - and monocationic C3 -Be2 (AMD)3 + analogues. Importantly, our study provides a new approach to obtain a neutral odd-electron Be-Be bond, namely by the use of radical ligands through side-on chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingman Liu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of, Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for, Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of, Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for, Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Ronglin Zhong
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China
| | - Shuixing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage and, Energy Conversion of Hainan Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of, Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for, Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of, Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for, Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of, Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for, Power Battery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
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47
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Deng G, Pan S, Wang G, Zhao L, Zhou M, Frenking G. Side-On Bonded Beryllium Dinitrogen Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10603-10609. [PMID: 32196126 PMCID: PMC7317369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The preparation and spectroscopic identification of the complexes NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) and the energetically higher lying isomers Be(NN)2 and Be(NN)3 are reported. NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) are the first examples of covalently side-on bonded N2 adducts of a main-group element. The analysis of the electronic structure using modern methods of quantum chemistry suggests that NNBe(η2 -N2 ) and (NN)2 Be(η2 -N2 ) should be classified as π complexes rather than metalladiazirines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohai Deng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200438China
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Strasse 435043MarburgGermany
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48
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Müller M, Karttunen AJ, Buchner MR. Speciation of Be 2+ in acidic liquid ammonia and formation of tetra- and octanuclear beryllium amido clusters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5415-5422. [PMID: 34094068 PMCID: PMC8159412 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexa-μ2-amido-tetraammine-tetraberyllium compounds [Be4(NH2)6(NH3)4]X2 (X = Cl, Br, I, CN, SCN, N3) have been prepared from beryllium metal and NH4X or [Be(NH3)4]X2 in liquid ammonia at ambient temperature. The obtained compounds feature an adamantyl shaped complex cation, which was examined via X-ray diffraction, IR, Raman and NMR spectroscopy. The speciation in solution was studied via15N labeling experiments supplemented with quantum chemistry. Hereby, the intermediates [Be2(NH2)(NH3)6]3+ and [Be3(NH2)3(NH3)6]3+ were identified. Reactivity studies provided bis(N-acetimidoylacetamidinato-N,N′)-beryllium(ii), when [Be4(NH2)6(NH3)4]2+ was treated with acetonitrile. While the unprecedented octa-nuclear complex cation [Be8O(NH2)12(C5H5N)4]2+ was received from pyridine. This cluster proves that the [Be4O]6+ core can be stabilized without bidentate O-donor ligands. The boundaries of beryllium metal oxidation in acidic ammonia have been explored. This enabled the isolation of the tetra- and octa-nuclear beryllium amide complexes. The latter exhibits a completely new structural motive in coordination chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Müller
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany +49 6421 2825669 +49 6421 2825668
| | - Antti J Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4 35032 Marburg Germany +49 6421 2825669 +49 6421 2825668
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49
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Li WL, Zhang Q, Chen M, Hu HS, Li J, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of a BeOBeC Multiple Radical Featuring a Quartet Carbyne Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6923-6928. [PMID: 32017342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Through reaction of beryllium dimers with carbon monoxide, a carbonyl complex BeBeCO is formed in solid neon. Upon visible light excitation, the BeBeCO complex rearranges to a BeCOBe isomer, which further isomerizes to a low-energy BeOBeC species under UV-visible light excitation. These species are identified on the basis of infrared absorption spectroscopy with isotopic substitutions and quantum chemical studies. The BeOBeC molecule is characterized to be a multiple radical species having an electronic quintet ground state featuring an unusual quartet carbyne unit with three unpaired electrons on the carbon center. Bonding analysis indicates that the strong Pauli repulsion between carbon 2s lone pair electrons and the σ electrons of the BeOBe fragment significantly weakens the Be-C bonding and destabilizes the triplet state of the BeOBeC radical with a doublet carbyne unit. The three-center π-bonding of BeOBe is also found to play a role in stabilizing the quartet carbyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mohua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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50
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Li W, Zhang Q, Chen M, Hu H, Li J, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of a BeOBeC Multiple Radical Featuring a Quartet Carbyne Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan‐Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qingnan Zhang
- Department of ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mohua Chen
- Department of ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Han‐Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- Department of ChemistrySouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of ChemistryCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy MaterialsShanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative MaterialsFudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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