1
|
Dai C, Mao Z, Xu Y, Jia J, Tang H, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Bis-tridentate Iridium(III) Complex with the N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand as a Novel Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Emitter for the Sandwich Immunoassay of the HHV-6A Virus. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7311-7320. [PMID: 38656817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus type 6A (HHV-6A) can cause a series of immune and neurological diseases, and the establishment of a sensitive biosensor for the rapid detection of HHV-6A is of great significance for public health and safety. Herein, a bis-tridentate iridium complex (BisLT-Ir-NHC) comprising the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand as a novel kind of efficient ECL luminophore has been unprecedently reported. Based on its excellent ECL properties, a new sensitive ECL-based sandwich immunosensor to detect the HHV-6A virus was successfully constructed by encapsulating BisLT-Ir-NHC into silica nanoparticles and embellishing ECL sensing interface with MXene@Au-CS. Notably, the immunosensor illustrated in this work not only had a wide linear range of 102 to 107 cps/μL but also showed outstanding recoveries (98.33-105.11%) in real human serum with an RSD of 0.85-3.56%. Undoubtedly, these results demonstrated the significant potential of the bis-tridentate iridium(III) complex containing an NHC ligand in developing ECL-based sensitive analytical methods for virus detection and exploring novel kinds of efficient iridium-based ECL luminophores in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenji Dai
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Ziwang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yaoyao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Junli Jia
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Huamin Tang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Yuyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Q, Han B, Peng C, Zhang N, Huang W, He G, Li JL. A promising future of metal-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in medicinal chemistry: The emerging bioorganometallic antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38591229 DOI: 10.1002/med.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have emerged as promising broad-spectrum antitumor agents in bioorganometallic medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, studies on cytotoxic metal-NHC complexes have yielded numerous compounds exhibiting superior cytotoxicity compared to cisplatin. Although the molecular mechanisms of these anticancer complexes are not fully understood, some potential targets and modes of action have been identified. However, a comprehensive review of their biological mechanisms is currently absent. In general, apoptosis caused by metal-NHCs is common in tumor cells. They can cause a series of changes after entering cells, such as mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) variation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cytochrome c (cyt c) release, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosome damage, and caspase activation, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the influence of metal-NHCs on cancer cell apoptosis is crucial. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advances in metal-NHC complexes that trigger apoptotic cell death via different apoptosis-related targets or signaling pathways, including B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2 family), p53, cyt c, ER stress, lysosome damage, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, and so forth. We also discuss the challenges, limitations, and future directions of metal-NHC complexes to elucidate their emerging application in medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology & Venerolog, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Oxa - a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible N,C-chelating oxazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13608-13617. [PMID: 37698540 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as a major direction in ancillary ligand development for stabilization of reactive metal centers in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In particular, wingtip-flexible NHCs have attracted significant attention due to their unique ability to provide a sterically-demanding environment for transition metals in various oxidation states. Herein, we report a new class of sterically-hindered, wingtip-flexible NHC ligands that feature N,C-chelating oxazole donors. These ligands are readily accessible through a modular arylation of oxazole derivatives. We report their synthesis and complete structural and electronic characterization. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties and coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II) and Rh(I) is described. Preliminary studies of catalytic activity in Ag, Pd and Rh-catalyzed coupling and hydrosilylation reactions are presented. This study establishes the fluxional behavior of a freely-rotatable oxazole unit, wherein the oxazolyl ring adjusts to the steric and electronic environment of the metal center. Considering the tremendous impact of sterically-hindered NHCs and their potential to stabilize reactive metals by N-chelation, we expect that this class of NHC ligands will be of broad interest in inorganic and organometallic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rahman M, Gao P, Zhao Q, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Au(Np #)Cl]: Highly Reactive and Broadly Applicable Au(I)─NHC Catalysts for Alkyne π-Activation Reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2023; 13:5131-5139. [PMID: 38464950 PMCID: PMC10923537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy00717k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cationic Au(I)─NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes have become an important class of catalysts for alkyne π-activation reactions in organic synthesis. In particular, these complexes are characterized by high stability of catalytic species engendered by strong σ-donation and metal backbonding. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of well-defined [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes featuring recently discovered IPr# family of ligands that hinge upon modular peralkylation of aniline. These ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma (IPr#: 915653; Np#: 915912; BIAN-IPr#: 916420). Evaluation of the [Au(NHC)Cl] complexes in a series of Au(I)─NHC-catalyzed π-functionalizations of alkynes, such as hydrocarboxylation, hydroamination and hydration, resulted in the identification of wingtip-flexible [Au(Np#)Cl] as a highly reactive and broadly applicable catalyst with the re-activity outperforming the classical [Au(IPr)Cl] and [Au(IPr*)Cl] complexes. The utility of this catalyst has been demonstrated in the direct late-stage derivatization of complex pharmaceuticals. Structural and computational studies were conducted to determine steric effects, frontier molecular orbitals and bond orders of this class of catalysts. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Au(I)─NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bulky and wingtip-flexible Au(I)─NHCs based on the modular peralkylated naphthylamine scaffold will find broad application in π-functionalization of alkynes in various areas of organic synthesis and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahman MM, Meng G, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. I tOct (I tOctyl) - pushing the limits of I tBu: highly hindered electron-rich N-aliphatic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5141-5147. [PMID: 37206400 PMCID: PMC10189875 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01006f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
ItBu (ItBu = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important and most versatile N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene available in organic synthesis and catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, structural characterization and catalytic activity of ItOct (ItOctyl), C2-symmetric, higher homologues of ItBu. The new ligand class, including saturated imidazolin-2-ylidene analogues has been commercialized in collaboration with MilliporeSigma: ItOct, 929 298; SItOct, 929 492 to enable broad access of the academic and industrial researchers within the field of organic and inorganic synthesis. We demonstrate that replacement of the t-Bu side chain with t-Oct results in the highest steric volume of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes reported to date, while retaining the electronic properties inherent to N-aliphatic ligands, such as extremely strong σ-donation crucial to the reactivity of N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbenes. An efficient large-scale synthesis of imidazolium ItOct and imidazolinium SItOct carbene precursors is presented. Coordination chemistry to Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) as well as beneficial effects on catalysis using Au(i), Cu(i), Ag(i) and Pd(ii) complexes are described. Considering the tremendous importance of ItBu in catalysis, synthesis and metal stabilization, we anticipate that the new class of ItOct ligands will find wide application in pushing the boundaries of new and existing approaches in organic and inorganic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University 48 Oleska Street Opole 45-052 Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Norwida 4/6 14 Wroclaw 50-373 Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Targets, Mechanisms and Cytotoxicity of Half-Sandwich Ir(III) Complexes Are Modulated by Structural Modifications on the Benzazole Ancillary Ligand. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010107. [PMID: 36612104 PMCID: PMC9818021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are driven by multiple genetic mutations but evolve to evade treatments targeting specific mutations. Nonetheless, cancers cannot evade a treatment that targets mitochondria, which are essential for tumor progression. Iridium complexes have shown anticancer properties, but they lack specificity for their intracellular targets, leading to undesirable side effects. Herein we present a systematic study on structure-activity relationships of eight arylbenzazole-based Iridium(III) complexes of type [IrCl(Cp*)], that have revealed the role of each atom of the ancillary ligand in the physical chemistry properties, cytotoxicity and mechanism of biological action. Neutral complexes, especially those bearing phenylbenzimidazole (HL1 and HL2), restrict the binding to DNA and albumin. One of them, complex 1[C,NH-Cl], is the most selective one, does not bind DNA, targets exclusively the mitochondria, disturbs the mitochondria membrane permeability inducing proton leak and increases ROS levels, triggering the molecular machinery of regulated cell death. In mice with orthotopic lung tumors, the administration of complex 1[C,NH-Cl] reduced the tumor burden. Cancers are more vulnerable than normal tissues to a treatment that harnesses mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, complex 1[C,NH-Cl] characterization opens the way to the development of new compounds to exploit this vulnerability.
Collapse
|
7
|
N-heterocyclic carbenes with three and six fluorous ponytails and their highly fluorophilic Rh and Ir complexes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
8
|
Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Meng G, Szostak R, Szostak M. [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl]: Flexible, Sterically Bulky, Well-Defined, Highly Reactive Complex for Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling. Organometallics 2022; 41:2597-2604. [PMID: 38031540 PMCID: PMC10686542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ni-NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) have become an increasingly important class of complexes in catalysis and organometallic chemistry owing to the beneficial features of nickel as an abundant 3d metal. However, the development of well-defined and air-stable Ni-NHC complexes for cross-coupling has been more challenging than with Pd-NHC catalysis because of less defined reactivity trends of NHC ancillary ligands coordinated to Ni. Herein, we report the synthesis and catalytic activity of well-defined [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complexes bearing recently commercialized IPr# family of ligands (Sigma Aldrich) and versatile cyclopentadienyl throw-away ligand. The NHC ligands, IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#, are prepared by robust and modular peralkylation of anilines. Most crucially, we identified [Ni(Np#)(η5-Cp)Cl] as a highly reactive [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] complex, with the reactivity outperforming the classical [Ni(IPr)(η5-Cp)Cl] (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). These [Ni(NHC)(η5-Cp)Cl] precatalysts were employed in the Suzuki and Kumada cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and aryl bromides. Computational studies were conducted to determine steric effect and bond order analysis. Considering the attractive features of well-defined Ni-NHCs, we anticipate that this class of bulky and flexible Ni-NHC catalysts will find broad application in organic synthesis and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rahman MM, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Pd-PEPPSI N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes from Caffeine: Application in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira Reactions. Organometallics 2022; 41:2281-2290. [PMID: 38031591 PMCID: PMC10686539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of Pd-PEPPSI N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from the abundant and renewable natural product caffeine is reported. The catalysts bearing 3-chloro-pyridine, pyridine and N-methylimidazole ancillary ligands were readily prepared from the corresponding N9-Me caffeine imidazolium salt by direct deprotonation and coordination to PdX2 in the presence of N-heterocycles or by ligand displacement of PdX2(Het)2. The model Pd-PEPPSI-caffeine complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The complexes were successfully employed in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides, Suzuki cross-coupling of amides, Heck cross-coupling and Sonogashira cross-coupling. Computational studies were employed to determine frontier molecular orbitals and bond order analysis of caffeine derived Pd-PEPPSI complexes. This class of catalysts offers an entry to utilize benign and sustainable biomass-derived Xanthine NHC ligands in the popular Pd-PEPPSI systems in organic synthesis and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meng Q, Zhu B, Sakaki S. Theoretical Study of N-H σ-Bond Activation by Nickel(0) Complex: Reaction Mechanism, Electronic Processes, and Prediction of Better Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8715-8728. [PMID: 35621263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-H σ-bond activation of alkylamine by Ni(PCy3) was investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When simple alkylamine NHMe2 is a reactant, both concerted oxidative addition in Ni(PCy3)(NHMe2) and ligand-to-ligand H transfer reaction in Ni(PCy3)(C2H4)(NHMe2) are endergonic and need a high activation energy. When NH(Me)(Bs) (Bs = SO2Ph, a model of tosyl group used in experiments) is a reactant, both reactions are exergonic and occur easily with a much smaller activation energy. The much larger reactivity of NH(Me)(Bs) than that of NHMe2 results from the stronger Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bond than the Ni-NMe2 bond and the presence of the Ni-O bonding interaction between the Bs group and the Ni atom in the product. N-Heterocyclic carbene, 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr), is computationally predicted to be better than PCy3 because the Ni-NMe2 and Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bonds in the IPr complex are stronger, respectively, than those of the PCy3 complex. The introduction of the electron-withdrawing Bs group to the N atom of amine and the use of IPr as a ligand are recommended for the N-H σ-bond activation. The C-H σ-bond activations of benzene via the oxidative addition and the ligand-to-ligand H transfer reaction were also investigated here for comparison with the N-H σ-bond activation. The differences between the C-H σ-bond activation of benzene and the N-H σ-bond activation of these amines are discussed in terms of the N-H, C-H, Ni-Ph, and Ni-NMe2, and Ni-N(Me)(Bs) bond energies and back-donation to benzene from the Ni atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Meng
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, 1-30 Goryo-Ohara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Rahman MM, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel(II) from Caffeine and Theophylline: Sustainable Alternative to Imidazol-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2022; 41:1806-1815. [PMID: 36213557 PMCID: PMC9534456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, are abundant natural products that are often present in foods. Leveraging renewable and benign resources for ligand design in organometallic chemistry and catalysis is one of the major missions of green and sustainable chemistry. In this Special Issue on Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry, we report the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from Xanthines. Well-defined, air- and moisture-stable, half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)I] nickel-NHC complexes are prepared from the natural products caffeine and theophylline. The model complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties is presented. High activity in the model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is demonstrated. The data show that nickel-N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from both Earth abundant 3d transition metal and renewable natural products represent a sustainable alternative to the classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bălăiu C, Lupan A, Bruce King R. Combining a Weak-Field Rigid Chelating Bidentate Dicarbene Ligand with a Strong- Field Carbonyl Ligand in Binuclear Cyclopentadienyliron Carbonyl Derivatives. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
13
|
Kinzhalov MA, Luzyanin KV. Synthesis and Contemporary Applications of Platinum Group Metals Complexes with Acyclic Diaminocarbene Ligands (Review). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
14
|
Kaps A, Foro S, Plenio H. Bi- and trimetallic complexes with macrocyclic xanthene-4,5-diNHC ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2464-2479. [PMID: 35048930 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three different types of bimetallic NHC-metal complexes were synthesized, whose NHC units are attached at the 4,5-positions of xanthene. The NHC units are in close proximity and are designed such that each carbene coordinates one ML unit, while the chelation of one metal by two NHC is not possible. Several xanthene-((NHC)ML)2 complexes with ML = RhCl(cod), IrCl(cod), RhCl(CO)2, IrCl(CO)2, AuCl, AgCl, CuCl and Pd(allyl)Cl were synthesized and investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kaps
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Sabine Foro
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Herbert Plenio
- Organometallic Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li YY, Li S, Fan T, Zhang ZJ, Song J, Gong LZ. Enantioselective Formal [4 + 3] Annulations to Access Benzodiazepinones and Benzoxazepinones via NHC/Ir/Urea Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin Song
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Liu-Zhu Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nechaev MS. Tetrylenes: Electronic Structure, Stability, Reactivity, and Ligand Properties—A Comparative DFT Study. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Nechaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Azpíroz R, Greger I, Oro LA, Passarelli V, Castarlenas R, Pérez‐Torrente JJ. Preparation of Butadienylpyridines by Iridium-NHC-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydroalkenylation and Quinolizine Rearrangement. Chemistry 2021; 27:11868-11878. [PMID: 33998070 PMCID: PMC8453560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Iridium(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of formula Ir(κ2 O,O'-BHetA)(IPr)(η2 -coe) [BHetA=bis-heteroatomic acidato, acetylacetonate or acetate; IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-carbene; coe=cyclooctene] have been prepared by treating Ir(κ2 O,O'-BHetA)(η2 -coe)2 complexes with IPr. These complexes react with 2-vinylpyridine to afford the hydrido-iridium(III)-alkenyl cyclometalated derivatives IrH(κ2 O,O'-BHetA)(κ2 N,C-C7 H6 N)(IPr) through the iridium(I) intermediate Ir(κ2 O,O'-BHetA)(IPr)(η2 -C7 H7 N). The cyclometalated IrH(κ2 O,O'-acac)(κ2 N,C-C7 H6 N)(IPr) complex efficiently catalyzes the hydroalkenylation of aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes and enynes with 2-vinylpyridine to afford 2-(4R-butadienyl)pyridines with Z,E configuration as the major reaction products (yield up to 89 %). In addition, unprecedented (Z)-2-butadienyl-5R-pyridine derivatives have been obtained as minor reaction products (yield up to 21 %) from the elusive 1Z,3gem-butadienyl hydroalkenylation products. These compounds undergo a thermal 6π-electrocyclization to afford bicyclic 4H-quinolizine derivatives that, under catalytic reaction conditions, tautomerize to 6H-quinolizine to afford the (Z)-2-(butadienyl)-5R-pyridine by a retro-electrocyclization reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Azpíroz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ingo Greger
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
- CLARIANT, Gendorf Site84508BurgkirchenGermany
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez‐Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCHUniversidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias50009ZaragozaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao Q, Meng G, Li G, Flach C, Mendelsohn R, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. IPr# - highly hindered, broadly applicable N-heterocyclic carbenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10583-10589. [PMID: 34447551 PMCID: PMC8356752 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) represents the most important NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) ligand throughout the field of homogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report the synthesis, catalytic activity, and full structural and electronic characterization of novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept, including IPr#, Np# and BIAN-IPr#. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420, enabling broad access of the academic and industrial researchers to new ligands for reaction optimization and screening. In particular, the synthesis of IPr# hinges upon cost-effective, modular alkylation of aniline, an industrial chemical that is available in bulk. The generality of this approach in ligand design is demonstrated through facile synthesis of BIAN-IPr# and Np#, two ligands that differ in steric properties and N-wingtip arrangement. The broad activity in various cross-coupling reactions in an array of N–C, O–C, C–Cl, C–Br, C–S and C–H bond cross-couplings is demonstrated. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as coordination chemistry to Au(i), Rh(i) and Pd(ii) is presented. Given the tremendous importance of NHC ligands in homogenous catalysis, we expect that this new class of NHCs will find rapid and widespread application. We report novel, sterically-bulky, easily-accessible NHC ligands based on the hash peralkylation concept. The new ligands have been commercialized in collaboration with Millipore Sigma: IPr#HCl, 915653; Np#HCl; 915912; BIAN-IPr#HCl, 916420.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Carol Flach
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Richard Mendelsohn
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University F. Joliot-Curie 14 Wroclaw 50-383 Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiménez JR, Doistau B, Poncet M, Piguet C. Heteroleptic trivalent chromium in coordination chemistry: Novel building blocks for addressing old challenges in multimetallic luminescent complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
20
|
Min S, Chae H, Jeong HJ, Kim K, Namgoong SK, Jeong K. Optimization of signal amplification by reversible exchange for polarization of tridentate chelating bis[(2-pyridyl)alkyl]amine. Analyst 2021; 146:2368-2373. [PMID: 33634298 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02372h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is an effective NMR hyperpolarization technique for signal enhancement using para-hydrogen on iridium catalysts. To date, monodentate chelating nitrogen analogs have been predominantly used as substrates for SABRE because of the limited chelating sites of the Ir-catalyst with different molecular orientations. Herein, for the first time, the use of a tridentate chelating ligand (BPEA) containing pyridine moieties and a secondary amine as a SABRE substrate is demonstrated. For the optimization of the tridentate chelating ligand, alkyl chain lengths were varied with the optimization of the external magnetic field and concentrations of three different ligands. Because many chemically multidentate complexes present in nature have scarcely been studied as SABRE substrates, this optimized tridentate chelating ligand structure with the SABRE catalyst and its polarization transfer from para-hydrogen will broaden the scope of hyperpolarizable substrates and help in the investigation of chelating structures for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sein Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, South Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen C, Liu FS, Szostak M. BIAN-NHC Ligands in Transition-Metal-Catalysis: A Perfect Union of Sterically Encumbered, Electronically Tunable N-Heterocyclic Carbenes? Chemistry 2021; 27:4478-4499. [PMID: 32989914 PMCID: PMC7940599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbenes) as ancillary ligands in transition-metal-catalysis ranks as one of the most important developments in synthesis and catalysis. It is now well-recognized that the strong σ-donating properties of NHCs along with the ease of scaffold modification and a steric shielding of the N-wingtip substituents around the metal center enable dramatic improvements in catalytic processes, including the discovery of reactions that are not possible using other ancillary ligands. In this context, although the classical NHCs based on imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ring systems are now well-established, recently tremendous progress has been made in the development and catalytic applications of BIAN-NHC (BIAN = bis(imino)acenaphthene) class of ligands. The enhanced reactivity of BIAN-NHCs is a direct result of the combination of electronic and steric properties that collectively allow for a major expansion of the scope of catalytic processes that can be accomplished using NHCs. BIAN-NHC ligands take advantage of (1) the stronger σ-donation, (2) lower lying LUMO orbitals, (3) the presence of an extended π-system, (4) the rigid backbone that pushes the N-wingtip substituents closer to the metal center by buttressing effect, thus resulting in a significantly improved control of the catalytic center and enhanced air-stability of BIAN-NHC-metal complexes at low oxidation state. Acenaphthoquinone as a precursor enables facile scaffold modification, including for the first time the high yielding synthesis of unsymmetrical NHCs with unique catalytic properties. Overall, this results in a highly attractive, easily accessible class of ligands that bring major advances and emerge as a leading practical alternative to classical NHCs in various aspects of catalysis, cross-coupling and C-H activation endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
van Vuuren E, Malan FP, Landman M. Multidentate NHC complexes of group IX metals featuring carbon-based tethers: Synthesis and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
23
|
Quinlivan PJ, Loo A, Shlian DG, Martinez J, Parkin G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel, Palladium, and Iridium Derived from Nitron: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Aaron Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joan Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guérin V, Legault CY. Synthesis of NHC-Iridium(III) Complexes Based on N-Iminoimidazolium Ylides and Their Use for the Amine Alkylation by Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guérin
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis,2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis,2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arslan B, Gülcemal S. α-Alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols catalyzed by backbone modified N-heterocyclic carbene iridium(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1788-1796. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04082g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
α-Alkylation of arylacetonitriles with primary alcohols was achieved by using backbone-modified NHC–IrI complexes as catalysts with turnover numbers of up to 960.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Arslan
- Department of Chemistry
- Ege University
- 35100 Bornova
- Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bălăiu C, Attia AA, Lupan A, Bruce King R. Iron carbonyl complexes of a rigid chelating dicarbene: A density functional theory study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
27
|
Kamiguchi K, Sakaguchi S. Reaction of hydroxyamide-functionalized azolium salt with Ag2O: Three different transformations. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Daubit IM, Sullivan MP, John M, Goldstone DC, Hartinger CG, Metzler-Nolte N. A Combined Spectroscopic and Protein Crystallography Study Reveals Protein Interactions of Rh I(NHC) Complexes at the Molecular Level. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17191-17199. [PMID: 33180473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While most Rh-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes currently investigated in anticancer research contain a Rh(III) metal center, an increasing amount of research is focusing on the cytotoxic activity and mode of action of square-planar [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] (where COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) which contains a Rh(I) center. The enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and the protein albumin have been proposed as potential targets, but the molecular processes taking place upon protein interaction remain elusive. Herein, we report the preparation of peptide-conjugated and its nonconjugated parent [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] complexes, an in-depth investigation of both their stability in solution, and a crystallographic study of protein interaction. The organorhodium compounds showed a rapid loss of the COD ligand and slow loss of the NHC ligand in aqueous solution. These ligand exchange reactions were reflected in studies on the interaction with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a model protein in single-crystal X-ray crystallographic investigations. Upon treatment of HEWL with an amino acid functionalized [RhCl(COD)(NHC)] complex, two distinct rhodium adducts were found initially after 7 d of incubation at His15 and after 4 weeks also at Lys33. In both cases, the COD and chlorido ligands had been substituted with aqua and/or hydroxido ligands. While the histidine (His) adduct also indicated a loss of the NHC ligand, the lysine (Lys) adduct retained the NHC core derived from the amino acid l-histidine. In either case, an octahedral coordination environment of the metal center indicates oxidation to Rh(III). This investigation gives the first insight on the interaction of Rh(I)(NHC) complexes and proteins at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M Daubit
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthew P Sullivan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Milena John
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rufino-Felipe E, Valdés H, Germán-Acacio JM, Reyes-Márquez V, Morales-Morales D. Fluorinated N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes. Applications in catalysis. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
30
|
Genç S, Gülcemal S, Günnaz S, Çetinkaya B, Gülcemal D. Iridium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols: A Route to Access Branched Ketones and Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9139-9152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sertaç Genç
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Salih Günnaz
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Çetinkaya
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Gülcemal
- Ege University, Chemistry Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Recent progress in phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes for nondoped organic light-emitting diodes. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
32
|
Volpe A, Sartorel A, Graiff C, Bonchio M, Biffis A, Baron M, Tubaro C. Chelating di(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes of iridium(III): Structural analysis, electrochemical characterisation and catalytic oxidation of water. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
C S cross-coupling catalyzed by a series of easily accessible, well defined Ni(II) complexes of the type [(NHC)Ni(Cp)(Br)]. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
34
|
Daubit IM, Wolf J, Metzler-Nolte N. Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes of imidazolium functionalized amino acids and peptides. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of C-H activation methods promoted by NHC-transition metal complexes, covering the literature since 2002 (the year of the first report on metal-NHC-catalyzed C-H activation) through June 2019, focusing on both NHC ligands and C-H activation methods. This review covers C-H activation reactions catalyzed by group 8 to 11 NHC-metal complexes. Through discussing the role of NHC ligands in promoting challenging C-H activation methods, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds by directly engaging ubiquitous C-H bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , 73 Warren Street , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Strong Solvent Effects on Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with [Ir(cod)(NHC)(PR3)] Catalysts in 2-Propanol-Water Mixtures. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the new Ir(I)-complexes [IrCl(cod)(Bnmim)], [Ir(cod)(emim)(PPh3)]Cl and [Ir(cod)(Bnmim)(mtppms)] are reported. The zwitterionic complexes [Ir(cod)(NHC)(mtppms)] and Na2[Ir(cod)(NHC)(mtppts)] (NHC = emim, bmim or Bnmim; mtppms-Na and mtppts-Na3 = sodium salts of mono- and trisulfonated triphenylphosphine, respectively) were found to be effective precatalysts for transfer hydrogenation of aromatic and aliphatic ketones in basic 2-propanol-water mixtures with initial turnover frequencies up to 510 h−1 at 80 °C, and their catalytic performances were compared to those of [IrCl(cod)(NHC)] complexes (NHC = emim, bmim, Bnmim, IMes) and [Ir(cod)(emim)(PPh3)]Cl. Three of the catalysts were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction rates of the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone and benzophenone showed strong dependence on the water concentration of the solvent, indicating preferential solvation of the catalytically active metal complexes.
Collapse
|
37
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
38
|
Miwa Y, Kamimura T, Sato K, Shishido D, Yoshida K. Chiral Bicyclic NHC/Cu Complexes for Catalytic Asymmetric Borylation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14291-14296. [PMID: 31591888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The potential of using chiral bicyclic NHC ligands that exhibit modularity was investigated in the Cu-catalyzed asymmetric borylation reaction of α,β-unsaturated esters. After screening for ligands and optimization of the reaction conditions, the corresponding products were afforded with good enantioselectivities (up to 85% ee).
Collapse
|
39
|
Yan X, Luo Y, Sun X, Zhuo W, Gu J, Zuo K, Gou X, Tang D, Shi H, Liu W, Hu J. Potential strategy used for controlling the phosphorescent properties in tetradentate Pt(II) complexes: Effect of azole ligand. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Yafei Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and InnovationChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Wei Zhuo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Jinke Gu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Tsinghua‐Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life SciencesTsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Ke Zuo
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Dianyong Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Therapeutics and Innovation, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators as Innovative Medicine, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, International Academy of Targeted Therapeutics and InnovationChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Hubing Shi
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast, State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Jianping Hu
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Antibiotics Research and Re‐evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Daubit IM, Metzler-Nolte N. On the interaction of N-heterocyclic carbene Ir+I complexes with His and Cys containing peptides. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13662-13673. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the interaction of an [Ir(+i)(COD)(NHC)Cl] complex with model peptides a chelating motif with a particularly interesting bimetallic peptide-bridged Ir(+iii)–NHC motif was identified with loss of the COD and Cl ligands and oxidation of the metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Marie Daubit
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry I – Bioinorganic Chemistry
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Meng G, Kakalis L, Nolan SP, Szostak M. A simple 1H NMR method for determining the σ-donor properties of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
42
|
Sayin K. Investigation of structural and biological properties of N-heterocyclic carbene silver(I) and palladium(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1511050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koray Sayin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Muñoz SB, Fleischauer VE, Brennessel WW, Neidig ML. Combined Effects of Backbone and N-Substituents on Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Alkylated Iron(II)-NHCs. Organometallics 2018; 37:3093-3101. [PMID: 30467449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have proven to be a successful pair in catalysis, with reactivity and selectivity being highly dependent on the nature of the NHC ligand backbone saturation and N-substituents. Four (NHC)Fe(1,3-dioxan-2-ylethyl)2 complexes have been isolated and spectroscopically characterized to correlate their reactivity to steric effects of the NHC from both the backbone saturation and N-substituents. Only in the extreme case of SIPr where NHC backbone and N-substituent steric effects are the largest is there a major structural perturbation observed crystallographically. The addition of only two hydrogen atoms is sufficient for a drastic change in product selectivity in the coupling of 1-iodo-3-phenylpropane with (2-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl)magnesium bromide due to resulting structural perturbations to the precatalyst. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism enabled the correlation of covalency and steric bulk in the SIPr case to its poor selectivity in alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling with iron. Density functional theory calculations provided insight into the electronic structure and molecular orbital effects of ligation changes to the iron center. Finally, charge donation analysis and Mayer bond order calculations further confirmed the stronger Fe-ligand bonding in the SIPr complex. Overall, these studies highlight the importance of considering both N-substituent and backbone steric contributions to structure, bonding, and reactivity in iron-NHCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador B Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Valerie E Fleischauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Michael L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fehér PP, Horváth H, Joó F, Purgel M. DFT Study on the Mechanism of Hydrogen Storage Based on the Formate-Bicarbonate Equilibrium Catalyzed by an Ir-NHC Complex: An Elusive Intramolecular C–H Activation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5903-5914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Fehér
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Horváth
- MTA-DE Redox
and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Joó
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
- MTA-DE Redox
and Homogeneous Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms Research Group, Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002, Hungary
| | - Mihály Purgel
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|