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Baheux Blin M, Loreau V, Schnorrer F, Mangeol P. PatternJ: an ImageJ toolset for the automated and quantitative analysis of regular spatial patterns found in sarcomeres, axons, somites, and more. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060548. [PMID: 38887972 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular spatial patterns are ubiquitous forms of organization in nature. In animals, regular patterns can be found from the cellular scale to the tissue scale, and from early stages of development to adulthood. To understand the formation of these patterns, how they assemble and mature, and how they are affected by perturbations, a precise quantitative description of the patterns is essential. However, accessible tools that offer in-depth analysis without the need for computational skills are lacking for biologists. Here, we present PatternJ, a novel toolset to analyze regular one-dimensional patterns precisely and automatically. This toolset, to be used with the popular imaging processing program ImageJ/Fiji, facilitates the extraction of key geometric features within and between pattern repeats in static images and time-lapse series. We validate PatternJ with simulated data and test it on images of sarcomeres from insect muscles and contracting cardiomyocytes, actin rings in neurons, and somites from zebrafish embryos obtained using confocal fluorescence microscopy, STORM, electron microscopy, and brightfield imaging. We show that the toolset delivers subpixel feature extraction reliably even with images of low signal-to-noise ratio. PatternJ's straightforward use and functionalities make it valuable for various scientific fields requiring quantitative one-dimensional pattern analysis, including the sarcomere biology of muscles or the patterning of mammalian axons, speeding up discoveries with the bonus of high reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Baheux Blin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, IBDM-UMR7288, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Vincent Loreau
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, IBDM-UMR7288, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, IBDM-UMR7288, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, IBDM-UMR7288, Marseille 13009, France
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Chen X, Li Y, Xu J, Cui Y, Wu Q, Yin H, Li Y, Gao C, Jiang L, Wang H, Wen Z, Yao Z, Wu Z. Styxl2 regulates de novo sarcomere assembly by binding to non-muscle myosin IIs and promoting their degradation. eLife 2024; 12:RP87434. [PMID: 38829202 PMCID: PMC11147509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Styxl2, a poorly characterized pseudophosphatase, was identified as a transcriptional target of the Jak1-Stat1 pathway during myoblast differentiation in culture. Styxl2 is specifically expressed in vertebrate striated muscles. By gene knockdown in zebrafish or genetic knockout in mice, we found that Styxl2 plays an essential role in maintaining sarcomere integrity in developing muscles. To further reveal the functions of Styxl2 in adult muscles, we generated two inducible knockout mouse models: one with Styxl2 being deleted in mature myofibers to assess its role in sarcomere maintenance, and the other in adult muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) to assess its role in de novo sarcomere assembly. We find that Styxl2 is not required for sarcomere maintenance but functions in de novo sarcomere assembly during injury-induced muscle regeneration. Mechanistically, Styxl2 interacts with non-muscle myosin IIs, enhances their ubiquitination, and targets them for autophagy-dependent degradation. Without Styxl2, the degradation of non-muscle myosin IIs is delayed, which leads to defective sarcomere assembly and force generation. Thus, Styxl2 promotes de novo sarcomere assembly by interacting with non-muscle myosin IIs and facilitating their autophagic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Jin Xu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Haidi Yin
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Chuan Gao
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Huating Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zilong Wen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
| | - Zhongping Yao
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & TechnologyHong KongChina
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Nikonova E, DeCata J, Canela M, Barz C, Esser A, Bouterwek J, Roy A, Gensler H, Heß M, Straub T, Forne I, Spletter ML. Bruno 1/CELF regulates splicing and cytoskeleton dynamics to ensure correct sarcomere assembly in Drosophila flight muscles. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002575. [PMID: 38683844 PMCID: PMC11081514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscles undergo developmental transitions in gene expression and alternative splicing that are necessary to refine sarcomere structure and contractility. CUG-BP and ETR-3-like (CELF) family RNA-binding proteins are important regulators of RNA processing during myogenesis that are misregulated in diseases such as Myotonic Dystrophy Type I (DM1). Here, we report a conserved function for Bruno 1 (Bru1, Arrest), a CELF1/2 family homolog in Drosophila, during early muscle myogenesis. Loss of Bru1 in flight muscles results in disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton leading to aberrant myofiber compaction and defects in pre-myofibril formation. Temporally restricted rescue and RNAi knockdown demonstrate that early cytoskeletal defects interfere with subsequent steps in sarcomere growth and maturation. Early defects are distinct from a later requirement for bru1 to regulate sarcomere assembly dynamics during myofiber maturation. We identify an imbalance in growth in sarcomere length and width during later stages of development as the mechanism driving abnormal radial growth, myofibril fusion, and the formation of hollow myofibrils in bru1 mutant muscle. Molecularly, we characterize a genome-wide transition from immature to mature sarcomere gene isoform expression in flight muscle development that is blocked in bru1 mutants. We further demonstrate that temporally restricted Bru1 rescue can partially alleviate hypercontraction in late pupal and adult stages, but it cannot restore myofiber function or correct structural deficits. Our results reveal the conserved nature of CELF function in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics in muscle development and demonstrate that defective RNA processing due to misexpression of CELF proteins causes wide-reaching structural defects and progressive malfunction of affected muscles that cannot be rescued by late-stage gene replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jenna DeCata
- School of Science and Engineering, Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marc Canela
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Esser
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Jessica Bouterwek
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Akanksha Roy
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Gensler
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Martin Heß
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Biocenter, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center, Bioinformatics Core Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Ignasi Forne
- Biomedical Center, Protein Analysis Unit, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
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Perrin A, Métay C, Savarese M, Ben Yaou R, Demidov G, Nelson I, Solé G, Péréon Y, Bertini ES, Fattori F, D'Amico A, Ricci F, Ginsberg M, Seferian A, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Servais L, Chapon F, Lagrange E, Gaudon K, Bloch A, Ghanem R, Guyant-Maréchal L, Johari M, Van Goethem C, Fardeau M, Morales RJ, Genetti CA, Marttila M, Koenig M, Beggs AH, Udd B, Bonne G, Cossée M. Titin copy number variations associated with dominant inherited phenotypes. J Med Genet 2024; 61:369-377. [PMID: 37935568 PMCID: PMC10957311 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Titinopathies are caused by mutations in the titin gene (TTN). Titin is the largest known human protein; its gene has the longest coding phase with 364 exons. Titinopathies are very complex neuromuscular pathologies due to the variable age of onset of symptoms, the great diversity of pathological and muscular impairment patterns (cardiac, skeletal muscle or mixed) and both autosomal dominant and recessive modes of transmission. Until now, only few CNVs in TTN have been reported without clear genotype-phenotype associations. METHODS Our study includes eight families with dominant titinopathies. We performed next-generation sequencing or comparative genomic hybridisation array analyses and found CNVs in the TTN gene. We characterised these CNVs by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analyses in six patients' muscles and performed genotype-phenotype inheritance association study by combining the clinical and biological data of these eight families. RESULTS Seven deletion-type CNVs in the TTN gene were identified among these families. Genotype and RNAseq results showed that five deletions do not alter the reading frame and one is out-of-reading frame. The main phenotype identified was distal myopathy associated with contractures. The analysis of morphological, clinical and genetic data and imaging let us draw new genotype-phenotype associations of titinopathies. CONCLUSION Identifying TTN CNVs will further increase diagnostic sensitivity in these complex neuromuscular pathologies. Our cohort of patients enabled us to identify new deletion-type CNVs in the TTN gene, with unexpected autosomal dominant transmission. This is valuable in establishing new genotype-phenotype associations of titinopathies, mainly distal myopathy in most of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Perrin
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Métay
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Marco Savarese
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rabah Ben Yaou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - German Demidov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Nelson
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Solé
- CHU de Bordeaux, AOC National Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yann Péréon
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Reference Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases AOC, Filnemus, Euro-NMD, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Place Alexis-Ricordeau, Nantes, France
| | - Enrico Silvio Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Fattori
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele D'Amico
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mira Ginsberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | | | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Institut I-MOTION, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- UMR 1141, INSERM, NeuroDiderot Université Paris Cité and APHP, Neuropédiatrie, French Reference Center for Leukodystrophies, LEUKOFRANCE, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Servais
- Institut I-MOTION, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
- MDUK Oxford Neuromuscular Centre & NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Division of Paediatrics, University and Hospital University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Françoise Chapon
- Département de pathologie, Centre de Compétence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Emmeline Lagrange
- Centre de Compétences des Maladies Neuro Musculaires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Karen Gaudon
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Bloch
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | - Robin Ghanem
- Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique moléculaire et cellulaire, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire et Chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
| | | | - Mridul Johari
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Charles Van Goethem
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier BioInformatique pour le Diagnostic Clinique (MOBIDIC), Plateau de Médecine Moléculaire et Génomique (PMMG), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Fardeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Raul Juntas Morales
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minttu Marttila
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Tukholmankatu 8, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel Koenig
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Cossée
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Weston TGR, Rees M, Gautel M, Fraternali F. Walking with giants: The challenges of variant impact assessment in the giant sarcomeric protein titin. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1638. [PMID: 38155593 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Titin, the so-called "third filament" of the sarcomere, represents a difficult challenge for the determination of damaging genetic variants. A single titin molecule extends across half the length of a sarcomere in striated muscle, fulfilling a variety of vital structural and signaling roles, and has been linked to an equally varied range of myopathies, resulting in a significant burden on individuals and healthcare systems alike. While the consequences of truncating variants of titin are well-documented, the ramifications of the missense variants prevalent in the general population are less so. We here present a compendium of titin missense variants-those that result in a single amino-acid substitution in coding regions-reported to be pathogenic and discuss these in light of the nature of titin and the variant position within the sarcomere and their domain, the structural, pathological, and biophysical characteristics that define them, and the methods used for characterization. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge and integration of the multiple fields that have contributed to our understanding of titin-related pathology and offer suggestions as to how these concurrent methodologies may aid the further development in our understanding of titin and hopefully extend to other, less well-studied giant proteins. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Congenital Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timir G R Weston
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Rees
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Barwell T, Raina S, Page A, MacCharles H, Seroude L. Juvenile and adult expression of polyglutamine expanded huntingtin produce distinct aggregate distributions in Drosophila muscle. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2656-2668. [PMID: 37369041 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While Huntington's disease (HD) is widely recognized as a disease affecting the nervous system, much evidence has accumulated to suggest peripheral or non-neuronal tissues are affected as well. Here, we utilize the UAS/GAL4 system to express a pathogenic HD construct in the muscle of the fly and characterize the effects. We observe detrimental phenotypes such as a reduced lifespan, decreased locomotion and accumulation of protein aggregates. Strikingly, depending on the GAL4 driver used to express the construct, we saw different aggregate distributions and severity of phenotypes. These different aggregate distributions were found to be dependent on the expression level and the timing of expression. Hsp70, a well-documented suppressor of polyglutamine aggregates, was found to strongly reduce the accumulation of aggregates in the eye, but in the muscle, it did not prevent the reduction of the lifespan. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of aggregates in the muscle are distinct from the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Barwell
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sehaj Raina
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Austin Page
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hayley MacCharles
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laurent Seroude
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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7
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González Morales N, Marescal O, Szikora S, Katzemich A, Correia-Mesquita T, Bíró P, Erdelyi M, Mihály J, Schöck F. The oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is involved in myofibril growth and Z-disc assembly in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260717. [PMID: 37272588 PMCID: PMC10323237 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils are long intracellular cables specific to muscles, composed mainly of actin and myosin filaments. The actin and myosin filaments are organized into repeated units called sarcomeres, which form the myofibrils. Muscle contraction is achieved by the simultaneous shortening of sarcomeres, which requires all sarcomeres to be the same size. Muscles have a variety of ways to ensure sarcomere homogeneity. We have previously shown that the controlled oligomerization of Zasp proteins sets the diameter of the myofibril. Here, we looked for Zasp-binding proteins at the Z-disc to identify additional proteins coordinating myofibril growth and assembly. We found that the E1 subunit of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex localizes to both the Z-disc and the mitochondria, and is recruited to the Z-disc by Zasp52. The three subunits of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex are required for myofibril formation. Using super-resolution microscopy, we revealed the overall organization of the complex at the Z-disc. Metabolomics identified an amino acid imbalance affecting protein synthesis as a possible cause of myofibril defects, which is supported by OGDH-dependent localization of ribosomes at the Z-disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor González Morales
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Océane Marescal
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Anja Katzemich
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | | - Péter Bíró
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Miklos Erdelyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Frieder Schöck
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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8
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Püffel F, Meyer L, Imirzian N, Roces F, Johnston R, Labonte D. Developmental biomechanics and age polyethism in leaf-cutter ants. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230355. [PMID: 37312549 PMCID: PMC10265030 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many social insects display age polyethism: young workers stay inside the nest, and only older workers forage. This behavioural transition is accompanied by genetic and physiological changes, but the mechanistic origin of it remains unclear. To investigate if the mechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system effectively prevent young workers from foraging, we studied the biomechanical development of the bite apparatus in Atta vollenweideri leaf-cutter ants. Fully matured foragers generated peak in vivo bite forces of around 100 mN, more than one order of magnitude in excess of those measured for freshly eclosed callows of the same size. This change in bite force was accompanied by a sixfold increase in the volume of the mandible closer muscle, and by a substantial increase of the flexural rigidity of the head capsule, driven by a significant increase in both average thickness and indentation modulus of the head capsule cuticle. Consequently, callows lack the muscle force capacity required for leaf-cutting, and their head capsule is so compliant that large muscle forces would be likely to cause damaging deformations. On the basis of these results, we speculate that continued biomechanical development post eclosion may be a key factor underlying age polyethism, wherever foraging is associated with substantial mechanical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Püffel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lara Meyer
- Faculty of Nature and Engineering, City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Natalie Imirzian
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Flavio Roces
- Department of Behavioural Physiology and Sociobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - David Labonte
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Loreau V, Rees R, Chan EH, Taxer W, Gregor K, Mußil B, Pitaval C, Luis NM, Mangeol P, Schnorrer F, Görlich D. A nanobody toolbox to investigate localisation and dynamics of Drosophila titins and other key sarcomeric proteins. eLife 2023; 12:79343. [PMID: 36645120 PMCID: PMC9886281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the positions and dynamics of proteins in intact tissues or whole animals is key to understanding protein function. However, to date, this is challenging, as the accessibility of large antibodies to dense tissues is often limited, and fluorescent proteins inserted close to a domain of interest may affect protein function. These complications apply in particular to muscle sarcomeres, arguably one of the most protein-dense assemblies in nature, which complicates studying sarcomere morphogenesis at molecular resolution. Here, we introduce a toolbox of nanobodies recognising various domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs, Sallimus and Projectin, as well as the key sarcomeric proteins Obscurin, α-Actinin, and Zasp52. We verified the superior labelling qualities of our nanobodies in muscle tissue as compared to antibodies. By applying our toolbox to larval muscles, we found a gigantic Sallimus isoform stretching more than 2 µm to bridge the sarcomeric I-band, while Projectin covers almost the entire myosin filaments in a polar orientation. Transgenic expression of tagged nanobodies confirmed their high affinity-binding without affecting target protein function. Finally, adding a degradation signal to anti-Sallimus nanobodies suggested that it is difficult to fully degrade Sallimus in mature sarcomeres; however, expression of these nanobodies caused developmental lethality. These results may inspire the generation of similar toolboxes for other large protein complexes in Drosophila or mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loreau
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Waltraud Taxer
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Kathrin Gregor
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Bianka Mußil
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Christophe Pitaval
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
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10
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Schueder F, Mangeol P, Chan EH, Rees R, Schünemann J, Jungmann R, Görlich D, Schnorrer F. Nanobodies combined with DNA-PAINT super-resolution reveal a staggered titin nanoarchitecture in flight muscles. eLife 2023; 12:79344. [PMID: 36645127 PMCID: PMC9886278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are the force-producing units of all striated muscles. Their nanoarchitecture critically depends on the large titin protein, which in vertebrates spans from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band and hence links actin and myosin filaments stably together. This ensures sarcomeric integrity and determines the length of vertebrate sarcomeres. However, the instructive role of titins for sarcomeric architecture outside of vertebrates is not as well understood. Here, we used a series of nanobodies, the Drosophila titin nanobody toolbox, recognising specific domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs Sallimus and Projectin to determine their precise location in intact flight muscles. By combining nanobodies with DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we found that, similar to vertebrate titin, Sallimus bridges across the flight muscle I-band, whereas Projectin is located at the beginning of the A-band. Interestingly, the ends of both proteins overlap at the I-band/A-band border, revealing a staggered organisation of the two Drosophila titin homologs. This architecture may help to stably anchor Sallimus at the myosin filament and hence ensure efficient force transduction during flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueder
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
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11
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Contractile and expansive actin networks in Drosophila: Developmental cell biology controlled by network polarization and higher-order interactions. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 154:99-129. [PMID: 37100525 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Actin networks are central to shaping and moving cells during animal development. Various spatial cues activate conserved signal transduction pathways to polarize actin network assembly at sub-cellular locations and to elicit specific physical changes. Actomyosin networks contract and Arp2/3 networks expand, and to affect whole cells and tissues they do so within higher-order systems. At the scale of tissues, actomyosin networks of epithelial cells can be coupled via adherens junctions to form supracellular networks. Arp2/3 networks typically integrate with distinct actin assemblies, forming expansive composites which act in conjunction with contractile actomyosin networks for whole-cell effects. This review explores these concepts using examples from Drosophila development. First, we discuss the polarized assembly of supracellular actomyosin cables which constrict and reshape epithelial tissues during embryonic wound healing, germ band extension, and mesoderm invagination, but which also form physical borders between tissue compartments at parasegment boundaries and during dorsal closure. Second, we review how locally induced Arp2/3 networks act in opposition to actomyosin structures during myoblast cell-cell fusion and cortical compartmentalization of the syncytial embryo, and how Arp2/3 and actomyosin networks also cooperate for the single cell migration of hemocytes and the collective migration of border cells. Overall, these examples show how the polarized deployment and higher-order interactions of actin networks organize developmental cell biology.
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12
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Moucaud B, Prince E, Jagla K, Soler C. Developmental origin of tendon diversity in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1176148. [PMID: 37143929 PMCID: PMC10151533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1176148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a developmental process that is largely conserved in both Drosophila and higher organisms. Consequently, the fruit fly is an excellent in vivo model for identifying the genes and mechanisms involved in muscle development. Moreover, there is growing evidence indicating that specific conserved genes and signaling pathways govern the formation of tissues that connect the muscles to the skeleton. In this review, we present an overview of the different stages of tendon development, from the specification of tendon progenitors to the assembly of a stable myotendinous junction across three different myogenic contexts in Drosophila: larval, flight and leg muscle development. We underline the different aspects of tendon cell specification and differentiation in embryo and during metamorphosis that result into tendon morphological and functional diversity.
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13
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Amrute-Nayak M, Gand LV, Khan B, Holler T, Kefalakes E, Kosanke M, Kraft T, Nayak A. SENP7 deSUMOylase-governed transcriptional program coordinates sarcomere assembly and is targeted in muscle atrophy. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Mao Q, Acharya A, Rodríguez-delaRosa A, Marchiano F, Dehapiot B, Al Tanoury Z, Rao J, Díaz-Cuadros M, Mansur A, Wagner E, Chardes C, Gupta V, Lenne PF, Habermann BH, Theodoly O, Pourquié O, Schnorrer F. Tension-driven multi-scale self-organisation in human iPSC-derived muscle fibers. eLife 2022; 11:76649. [PMID: 35920628 PMCID: PMC9377800 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human muscle is a hierarchically organised tissue with its contractile cells called myofibers packed into large myofiber bundles. Each myofiber contains periodic myofibrils built by hundreds of contractile sarcomeres that generate large mechanical forces. To better understand the mechanisms that coordinate human muscle morphogenesis from tissue to molecular scales, we adopted a simple in vitro system using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human myogenic precursors. When grown on an unrestricted two-dimensional substrate, developing myofibers spontaneously align and self-organise into higher-order myofiber bundles, which grow and consolidate to stable sizes. Following a transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, myofibrils assemble into chains of periodic sarcomeres that emerge across the entire myofiber. More efficient myofiber bundling accelerates the speed of sarcomerogenesis suggesting that tension generated by bundling promotes sarcomerogenesis. We tested this hypothesis by directly probing tension and found that tension build-up precedes sarcomere assembly and increases within each assembling myofibril. Furthermore, we found that myofiber ends stably attach to other myofibers using integrin-based attachments and thus myofiber bundling coincides with stable myofiber bundle attachment in vitro. A failure in stable myofiber attachment results in a collapse of the myofibrils. Overall, our results strongly suggest that mechanical tension across sarcomeric components as well as between differentiating myofibers is key to coordinate the multi-scale self-organisation of muscle morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyan Mao
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Achyuth Acharya
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Fabio Marchiano
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Al Tanoury
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jyoti Rao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | | | - Arian Mansur
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, United States
| | - Erica Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Claire Chardes
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Vandana Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Pierre-François Lenne
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theodoly
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LAI, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IDBM, Marseille, France
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