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Huster D, Maiti S, Herrmann A. Phospholipid Membranes as Chemically and Functionally Tunable Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312898. [PMID: 38456771 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The sheet-like lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes. Its building blocks are phospholipids and cholesterol. Their amphiphilic structure spontaneously leads to the formation of a bilayer in aqueous environment. Lipids are not just structural elements. Individual lipid species, the lipid membrane structure, and lipid dynamics influence and regulate membrane protein function. An exciting field is emerging where the membrane-associated material properties of different bilayer systems are used in designing innovative solutions for widespread applications across various fields, such as the food industry, cosmetics, nano- and biomedicine, drug storage and delivery, biotechnology, nano- and biosensors, and computing. Here, the authors summarize what is known about how lipids determine the properties and functions of biological membranes and how this has been or can be translated into innovative applications. Based on recent progress in the understanding of membrane structure, dynamics, and physical properties, a perspective is provided on how membrane-controlled regulation of protein functions can extend current applications and even offer new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Huster
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16/18, D-04107, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400 005, India
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, SupraFAB, Altensteinstr. 23a, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Makasewicz K, Linse S, Sparr E. Interplay of α-synuclein with Lipid Membranes: Cooperative Adsorption, Membrane Remodeling and Coaggregation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1250-1262. [PMID: 38665673 PMCID: PMC11040681 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a small neuronal protein enriched at presynaptic termini. It is hypothesized to play a role in neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle cycling, while the formation of α-synuclein amyloid fibrils is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson's Disease. The molecular mechanisms of both the physiological and pathological functions of α-synuclein remain to be fully understood, but in both cases, interactions with membranes play an important role. In this Perspective, we discuss several aspects of α-synuclein interactions with lipid membranes including cooperative adsorption, membrane remodeling and α-synuclein amyloid fibril formation in the presence of lipid membranes. We highlight the coupling between the different phenomena and their interplay in the context of physiological and pathological functions of α-synuclein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Makasewicz
- Division
of Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Linse
- Biochemistry
and Structural Biology, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Sparr
- Department
of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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3
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Aftahy K, Arrasate P, Bashkirov PV, Kuzmin PI, Maurizot V, Huc I, Frolov VA. Molecular Sensing and Manipulation of Protein Oligomerization in Membrane Nanotubes with Bolaamphiphilic Foldamers. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25150-25159. [PMID: 37948300 PMCID: PMC10682987 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive and reversible self-assembly of supramolecular protein structures is a fundamental characteristic of dynamic living matter. However, the quantitative detection and assessment of the emergence of mesoscale protein complexes from small and dynamic oligomeric precursors remains highly challenging. Here, we present a novel approach utilizing a short membrane nanotube (sNT) pulled from a planar membrane reservoir as nanotemplates for molecular reconstruction, manipulation, and sensing of protein oligomerization and self-assembly at the mesoscale. The sNT reports changes in membrane shape and rigidity caused by membrane-bound proteins as variations of the ionic conductivity of the sNT lumen. To confine oligomerization to the sNT, we have designed and synthesized rigid oligoamide foldamer tapes (ROFTs). Charged ROFTs incorporate into the planar and sNT membranes, mediate protein binding to the membranes, and, driven by the luminal electric field, shuttle the bound proteins between the sNT and planar membranes. Using Annexin-V (AnV) as a prototype, we show that the sNT detects AnV oligomers shuttled into the nanotube by ROFTs. Accumulation of AnV on the sNT induces its self-assembly into a curved lattice, restricting the sNT geometry and inhibiting the material uptake from the reservoir during the sNT extension, leading to the sNT fission. By comparing the spontaneous and ROFT-mediated entry of AnV into the sNT, we reveal how intricate membrane curvature sensing by small AnV oligomers controls the lattice self-assembly. These results establish sNT-ROFT as a powerful tool for molecular reconstruction and functional analyses of protein oligomerization and self-assembly, with broad application to various membrane processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Aftahy
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Pedro Arrasate
- Biofisika
Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of
the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Pavel V. Bashkirov
- Research
Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow 117246, Russia
| | - Petr I. Kuzmin
- A.N.
Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Victor Maurizot
- Univ. Bordeaux,
CNRS, Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, CBMN (UMR 5248), Pessac 33600, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department
of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Vadim A. Frolov
- Biofisika
Institute (CSIC, UPV/EHU), University of
the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48009, Spain
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4
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Wang X, Espadas J, Wu Y, Cai S, Ge J, Shao L, Roux A, De Camilli P. Membrane remodeling properties of the Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309698120. [PMID: 37844218 PMCID: PMC10614619 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309698120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are responsible for late-onset autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. LRRK2 has been implicated in a wide range of physiological processes including membrane repair in the endolysosomal system. Here, using cell-free systems, we report that purified LRRK2 directly binds acidic lipid bilayers with a preference for highly curved bilayers. While this binding is nucleotide independent, LRRK2 can also deform low-curvature liposomes into narrow tubules in a guanylnucleotide-dependent but Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-independent way. Moreover, assembly of LRRK2 into scaffolds at the surface of lipid tubules can constrict them. We suggest that an interplay between the membrane remodeling and signaling properties of LRRK2 may be key to its physiological function. LRRK2, via its kinase activity, may achieve its signaling role at sites where membrane remodeling occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Javier Espadas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Shujun Cai
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Jinghua Ge
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Lin Shao
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, GenevaCH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
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5
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Wang Y, Fu Y, Cheng H, Zhao C, Huang Q, Chang M, Qiu W, Shen Y, Li D. lncR26319/miR-2834/EndophilinA axis regulates oogenesis of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:65-80. [PMID: 35612298 PMCID: PMC10084222 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Oocyte maturation is critical for insect reproduction. Vitellogenesis, the timely production and uptake of vitellogenin (Vg), is crucial for female fecundity. Vg is synthesized in fat body and absorbed by the oocytes through endocytosis during insect oogenesis. In the silkworm, Bombyx mori, we discovered that a nucleus-enriched long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA) lncR26319 regulates Endophilin A (EndoA) - a member of the endophilin family of endocytic proteins - through competitive binding to miR-2834. The lncR26319-miR-2834-EndoA axis was required for Vg endocytosis in the silkworm; loss of EndoA or overexpression of miR-2834 significantly reduced egg numbers in virgin moths. In addition, accumulation of miR-2834 resulted in pupal and adult deformation and reduced fecundity in females. The expression of Vg, 30-kDa (30K) protein, and egg-specific protein (Esp) decreased after knockdown of EndoA or overexpression of miR-2834, while knockdown of miR-2834 had an opposite effect on the expression of Vg, 30K protein gene, and Esp. These results suggest that the lncR26319-miR-2834-EndoA axis contributes to the endocytic activity in the Vg uptake and leads to the normal progression of oogenesis in the silkworm. Thus, miR-2834 and EndoA are crucial for female reproduction and could be potential targets for new pest management strategies in lepidopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Yu Fu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Hao Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Qunxia Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Meiling Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Wujie Qiu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Yawen Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
| | - Dandan Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Insect Biology in Funiu MountainHenan International Joint Laboratory of Insect BiologyCollege of Life Science and Agricultural EngineeringNanyang Normal UniversityNanyangHenan ProvinceChina
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6
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Angelotti T. Exploring the eukaryotic Yip and REEP/Yop superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs): A cacophony or harmony of structure and function? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:912848. [PMID: 36060263 PMCID: PMC9437294 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.912848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytopic cargo proteins are synthesized and exported along the secretory pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Golgi apparatus, with eventual insertion into the plasma membrane (PM). While searching for proteins that could enhance cell surface expression of olfactory receptors, a new family of proteins termed “receptor expression-enhancing proteins” or REEPs were identified. These membrane-shaping hairpin proteins serve as adapters, interacting with intracellular transport machinery, to regulate cargo protein trafficking. However, REEPs belong to a larger family of proteins, the Yip (Ypt-interacting protein) family, conserved in yeast and higher eukaryotes. To date, eighteen mammalian Yip family members, divided into four subfamilies (Yipf, REEP, Yif, and PRAF), have been identified. Yeast research has revealed many intriguing aspects of yeast Yip function, functions that have not completely been explored with mammalian Yip family members. This review and analysis will clarify the different Yip family nomenclature that have encumbered prior comparisons between yeast, plants, and eukaryotic family members, to provide a more complete understanding of their interacting proteins, membrane topology, organelle localization, and role as regulators of cargo trafficking and localization. In addition, the biological role of membrane shaping and sensing hairpin and amphipathic helical domains of various Yip proteins and their potential cellular functions will be described. Lastly, this review will discuss the concept of Yip proteins as members of a larger superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs), proteins that both shape membranes via membrane-sensing and hairpin insertion, and well as act as adapters for protein-protein interactions. MSAPs are defined by their localization to specific membranes, ability to alter membrane structure, interactions with other proteins via specific domains, and specific interactions/effects on cargo proteins.
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7
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Roux A. Common principles of surface deformation in biology. Faraday Discuss 2021; 232:347-357. [PMID: 34854444 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms, whether they are cells or multicellular organisms, are separated from their environment by an interface. For example, cells are delimited by lipid bilayers while embryos or individuals are delimited by epithelia, ectoderms or epiderms. These biological interfaces, while being different in nature and composition, and at very different scales, share common properties: they are surfaces, their thickness being very small compared to their size. They are materials of chemical composition or cell type that is unique and different from the core of the material they envelop. They are visco-elastic sheets, meaning that components can flow in the plane of the surface. The shape of cells and of embryos is inherently dictated by the shape of their envelope, and because these interfaces have common properties, we explore in this commentary article the different mechanisms that remodel these different biological surfaces, and their common principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. .,National Center of Competence in Research Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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Yamazaki Y, Eura Y, Kokame K. V-ATPase V0a1 promotes Weibel-Palade body biogenesis through the regulation of membrane fission. eLife 2021; 10:71526. [PMID: 34904569 PMCID: PMC8718113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fission, the division of a membrane-bound structure into two discrete compartments, is essential for diverse cellular events, such as endocytosis and vesicle/granule biogenesis; however, the process remains unclear. The hemostatic protein von Willebrand factor is produced in vascular endothelial cells and packaged into specialized secretory granules, Weibel–Palade bodies (WPBs) at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Here, we reported that V0a1, a V-ATPase component, is required for the membrane fission of WPBs. We identified two V0a isoforms in distinct populations of WPBs in cultured endothelial cells, V0a1 and V0a2, on mature and nascent WPBs, respectively. Although WPB buds were formed, WPBs could not separate from the TGN in the absence of V0a1. Screening using dominant–negative forms of known membrane fission regulators revealed protein kinase D (PKD) as an essential factor in biogenesis of WPBs. Further, we showed that the induction of wild-type PKDs in V0a1-depleted cells does not support the segregation of WPBs from the TGN; suggesting a primary role of V0a1 in the membrane fission of WPBs. The identification of V0a1 as a new membrane fission regulator should facilitate the understanding of molecular events that enable membrane fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Eura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Recent developments in membrane curvature sensing and induction by proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129971. [PMID: 34333084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane-bound intracellular organelles have characteristic shapes attributed to different local membrane curvatures, and these attributes are conserved across species. Over the past decade, it has been confirmed that specific proteins control the large curvatures of the membrane, whereas many others due to their specific structural features can sense the curvatures and bind to the specific geometrical cues. Elucidating the interplay between sensing and induction is indispensable to understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes such as vesicular trafficking and budding. SCOPE OF REVIEW We provide an overview of major classes of membrane proteins and the mechanisms of curvature sensing and induction. We then discuss the importance of membrane elastic characteristics to induce the membrane shapes similar to intracellular organelles. Finally, we survey recently available assays developed for studying the curvature sensing and induction by many proteins. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Recent theoretical/computational modeling along with experimental studies have uncovered fascinating connections between lipid membrane and protein interactions. However, the phenomena of protein localization and synchronization to generate spatiotemporal dynamics in membrane morphology are yet to be fully understood. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The understanding of protein-membrane interactions is essential to shed light on various biological processes. This further enables the technological applications of many natural proteins/peptides in therapeutic treatments. The studies of membrane dynamic shapes help to understand the fundamental functions of membranes, while the medicinal roles of various macromolecules (such as proteins, peptides, etc.) are being increasingly investigated.
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10
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Diffusion on Membrane Domes, Tubes, and Pearling Structures. Biophys J 2020; 120:424-431. [PMID: 33359464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion is a fundamental mechanism for protein distribution in cell membranes. These membranes often exhibit complex shapes, which range from shallow domes to elongated tubular or pearl-like structures. Shape complexity of the membrane influences the diffusive spreading of proteins and molecules. Despite the importance membrane geometry plays in these diffusive processes, it is challenging to establish the dependence between diffusion and membrane morphology. We solve the diffusion equation numerically on various static curved shapes representative for experimentally observed membrane shapes. Our results show that membrane necks become diffusion barriers. We determine the diffusive half-time, i.e., the time that is required to reduce the amount of protein in the budded region by one half, and find a quadratic relation between the diffusive half-time and the averaged mean curvature of the membrane shape, which we rationalize by a scaling law. Our findings thus help estimate the characteristic diffusive timescale based on the simple measure of membrane mean curvature.
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11
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Su M, Zhuang Y, Miao X, Zeng Y, Gao W, Zhao W, Wu M. Comparative Study of Curvature Sensing Mediated by F-BAR and an Intrinsically Disordered Region of FBP17. iScience 2020; 23:101712. [PMID: 33205024 PMCID: PMC7649350 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane curvature has emerged as an intriguing physical principle underlying biological signaling and membrane trafficking. The CIP4/FBP17/Toca-1 F-BAR subfamily is unique in the BAR family because its structurally folded F-BAR domain does not contain any hydrophobic motifs that insert into membrane. Although widely assumed so, whether the banana-shaped F-BAR domain alone can sense curvature has never been experimentally demonstrated. Using a nanobar-supported lipid bilayer system, we found that the F-BAR domain of FBP17 displayed minimal curvature sensing in vitro. In comparison, an alternatively spliced intrinsically disordered region (IDR) adjacent to the F-BAR domain has the membrane curvature-sensing ability greatly exceeding that of F-BAR domain alone. In living cells, the presence of the IDR delayed the recruitment of FBP17 in curvature-coupled cortical waves. Collectively, we propose that contrary to the common belief, FBP17's curvature-sensing capability largely originates from IDR, and not the F-BAR domain alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohan Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.,Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
| | - Yinyin Zhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457
| | - Xinwen Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457
| | - Yongpeng Zeng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457
| | - Weibo Gao
- School of Physics and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371
| | - Wenting Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637457
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8002, USA.,Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411
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12
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Identification of a Membrane Binding Peptide in the Envelope Protein of MHV Coronavirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091054. [PMID: 32971895 PMCID: PMC7551300 DOI: 10.3390/v12091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped, positive sense, single strand RNA viruses that cause respiratory, intestinal and neurological diseases in mammals and birds. Following replication, CoVs assemble on intracellular membranes including the endoplasmic reticulum Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) where the envelope protein (E) functions in virus assembly and release. In consequence, E potentially contains membrane-modifying peptides. To search for such peptides, the E coding sequence of Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) was inspected for its amino acid conservation, proximity to the membrane and/or predicted amphipathic helices. Peptides identified in silico were synthesized and tested for membrane-modifying activity in the presence of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) consisting of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), sphingomyelin and cholesterol. To confirm the presence of membrane binding peptides identified in the context of a full-length E protein, the wild type and a number of mutants in the putative membrane binding peptide were expressed in Lenti-X-293T mammalian and insect cells, and the distribution of E antigen within the expressing cell was assessed. Our data identify a role for the post-transmembrane region of MHV E in membrane binding.
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13
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Pucadyil TJ. A novel fluorescence microscopic approach to quantitatively analyse protein-induced membrane remodelling. J Biosci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Sreeja KK, Sunil Kumar PB. Lipid-protein interaction induced domains: Kinetics and conformational changes in multicomponent vesicles. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134703. [PMID: 29626906 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatio-temporal organization of proteins and the associated morphological changes in membranes are of importance in cell signaling. Several mechanisms that promote the aggregation of proteins at low cell surface concentrations have been investigated in the past. We show, using Monte Carlo simulations, that the affinity of proteins for specific lipids can hasten their aggregation kinetics. The lipid membrane is modeled as a dynamically triangulated surface with the proteins defined as in-plane fields at the vertices. We show that, even at low protein concentrations, strong lipid-protein interactions can result in large protein clusters indicating a route to lipid mediated signal amplification. At high protein concentrations, the domains form buds similar to that seen in lipid-lipid interaction induced phase separation. Protein interaction induced domain budding is suppressed when proteins act as anisotropic inclusions and exhibit nematic orientational order. The kinetics of protein clustering and resulting conformational changes are shown to be significantly different for the isotropic and anisotropic curvature inducing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sreeja
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - P B Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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15
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Bertot L, Grassart A, Lagache T, Nardi G, Basquin C, Olivo-Marin JC, Sauvonnet N. Quantitative and Statistical Study of the Dynamics of Clathrin-Dependent and -Independent Endocytosis Reveal a Differential Role of EndophilinA2. Cell Rep 2018; 22:1574-1588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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16
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Manni MM, Derganc J, Čopič A. Crowd-Sourcing of Membrane Fission. Bioessays 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco M. Manni
- Université Côte d'Azur; CNRS, IPMC; 06560 Valbonne France
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics; Faculty of Medicine; University of Ljubljana; 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Alenka Čopič
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592; Université Paris Diderot; Sorbonne Paris Cité 75013 Paris France
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17
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Abstract
The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is composed of roughly equal proportions of lipids and proteins. The main lipid components are phospholipids, which vary in acyl chain length, saturation, and branching and carry head groups that vary in size and charge. Phospholipid variants determine membrane properties such as fluidity and charge that in turn modulate interactions with membrane-associated proteins. We summarize recent advances in understanding bacterial membrane structure and function, focusing particularly on the possible existence and significance of specialized membrane domains. We review the role of membrane curvature as a spatial cue for recruitment and regulation of proteins involved in morphogenic functions, especially elongation and division. Finally, we examine the role of the membrane, especially regulation of synthesis and fluid properties, in the life cycle of cell wall-deficient L-form bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Strahl
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX United Kingdom; ,
| | - Jeff Errington
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4AX United Kingdom; ,
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Sapp K, Maibaum L. Suppressing membrane height fluctuations leads to a membrane-mediated interaction among proteins. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:052414. [PMID: 27967200 PMCID: PMC5376292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.052414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-induced interactions can play a significant role in the spatial distribution of membrane-bound proteins. We develop a model that combines a continuum description of lipid bilayers with a discrete particle model of proteins to probe the emerging structure of the combined membrane-protein system. Our model takes into account the membrane's elastic behavior, the steric repulsion between proteins, and the quenching of membrane shape fluctuations due to the presence of the proteins. We employ coupled Langevin equations to describe the dynamics of the system. We show that coupling to the membrane induces an attractive interaction among proteins, which may contribute to the clustering of proteins in biological membranes. We investigate the lateral protein diffusion and find that it is reduced due to transient fluctuations in membrane shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Sapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Lutz Maibaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Ho CS, Khadka NK, She F, Cai J, Pan J. Influenza M2 Transmembrane Domain Senses Membrane Heterogeneity and Enhances Membrane Curvature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:6730-6738. [PMID: 27285399 PMCID: PMC5131574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting host cell membranes by M2 of influenza A virus is important for virus invasion and replication. We study the transmembrane domain of M2 (M2TM) interacting with mica-supported planar bilayers and free-standing giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Using solution atomic force microscopy (AFM), we show that the size of M2TM oligomers is dependent on lipid composition. The addition of M2TM to lipid bilayers containing liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases reveals that M2TM preferentially partitions into the Ld phase; phase-dependent partitioning results in a larger rigidity of the Ld phase. We next use fluorescence microscopy to study the effects of M2TM on phase-coexisting GUVs. In particular, M2TM is found to increase GUVs' miscibility transition temperature Tmix. The augmented thermodynamic stability can be accounted for by considering an enhanced energy barrier of lipid mixing between coexisting phases. Our GUV study also shows that M2TM can elicit an array of vesicle shapes mimicking virus budding. M2TM enhanced membrane curvature is consistent with our AFM data, which show altered membrane rigidity and consequently line tension at domain edges. Together, our results highlight that in addition to conducting protons, M2TM can actively regulate membrane heterogeneity and augment membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian Sing Ho
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Nawal K. Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Fengyu She
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
| | - Jianjun Pan
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States
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20
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Enzyme function is regulated by its localization. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 59 Pt B:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Doucet CM, Esmery N, de Saint-Jean M, Antonny B. Membrane Curvature Sensing by Amphipathic Helices Is Modulated by the Surrounding Protein Backbone. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137965. [PMID: 26366573 PMCID: PMC4569407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane curvature is involved in numerous biological pathways like vesicle trafficking, endocytosis or nuclear pore complex assembly. In addition to its topological role, membrane curvature is sensed by specific proteins, enabling the coordination of biological processes in space and time. Amongst membrane curvature sensors are the ALPS (Amphipathic Lipid Packing Sensors). ALPS motifs are short peptides with peculiar amphipathic properties. They are found in proteins targeted to distinct curved membranes, mostly in the early secretory pathway. For instance, the ALPS motif of the golgin GMAP210 binds trafficking vesicles, while the ALPS motif of Nup133 targets nuclear pores. It is not clear if, besides curvature sensitivity, ALPS motifs also provide target specificity, or if other domains in the surrounding protein backbone are involved. To elucidate this aspect, we studied the subcellular localization of ALPS motifs outside their natural protein context. The ALPS motifs of GMAP210 or Nup133 were grafted on artificial fluorescent probes. Importantly, ALPS motifs are held in different positions and these contrasting architectures were mimicked by the fluorescent probes. The resulting chimeras recapitulated the original proteins localization, indicating that ALPS motifs are sufficient to specifically localize proteins. Modulating the electrostatic or hydrophobic content of Nup133 ALPS motif modified its avidity for cellular membranes but did not change its organelle targeting properties. In contrast, the structure of the backbone surrounding the helix strongly influenced targeting. In particular, introducing an artificial coiled-coil between ALPS and the fluorescent protein increased membrane curvature sensitivity. This coiled-coil domain also provided membrane curvature sensitivity to the amphipathic helix of Sar1. The degree of curvature sensitivity within the coiled-coil context remains correlated to the natural curvature sensitivity of the helices. This suggests that the chemistry of ALPS motifs is a key parameter for membrane curvature sensitivity, which can be further modulated by the surrounding protein backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Doucet
- IPMC, CNRS UMR 7275, 660 route de Valbonne, 06560 –Valbonne, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Nina Esmery
- IPMC, CNRS UMR 7275, 660 route de Valbonne, 06560 –Valbonne, France
| | | | - Bruno Antonny
- IPMC, CNRS UMR 7275, 660 route de Valbonne, 06560 –Valbonne, France
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22
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Takahashi K, Toyota T. Autonomous buckling of micrometer-sized lipid-protein membrane patches constructed by Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25972921 PMCID: PMC4429478 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytosol of amoeba cells controls the membrane deformation during their motion in vivo. To investigate such ability of the cytosol of amoeba cell, Dictyostelium discoideum (Dictyostelium), in vitro, we used lipids extracted from Dictyostelium and commercially available phospholipids, and prepared substrate-supported lipid membrane patches on the micrometer scale by spin coating. Results We found that the spin coater holder, which has pores (pore size = 3.1 mm) of negative pressure to hold the cover glass induced the concave surface of the cover glass. The membrane lipid patches were formed at each position in the vicinity of the holder pores and their sizes were in the range of 2.7 to 3.2 × 104 μm2. After addition of the cytosol extracted from Dictyostelium to the lipid membrane patches, through time-lapse observation with a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope, we observed an autonomous buckling of the Dictyostelium lipid patches and localized behaviours of proteins found within. Conclusion The current method serves as the novel technique for the preparation of film patches in which the positions of patches are controlled by the holder pores without fabricating, modifying, and arranging the chemical properties of the solution components of lipids. The findings imply that lipid-binding proteins in the cytosol were adsorbed and accumulated within the Dictyostelium lipid patches, inducing the transformation of the cell-sized patch. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1754-1611-9-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan ; Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
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23
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Czogalla A, Kauert DJ, Franquelim HG, Uzunova V, Zhang Y, Seidel R, Schwille P. Amphipathic DNA Origami Nanoparticles to Scaffold and Deform Lipid Membrane Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Czogalla A, Kauert DJ, Franquelim HG, Uzunova V, Zhang Y, Seidel R, Schwille P. Amphipathic DNA origami nanoparticles to scaffold and deform lipid membrane vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6501-5. [PMID: 25882792 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We report a synthetic biology-inspired approach for the engineering of amphipathic DNA origami structures as membrane-scaffolding tools. The structures have a flat membrane-binding interface decorated with cholesterol-derived anchors. Sticky oligonucleotide overhangs on their side facets enable lateral interactions leading to the formation of ordered arrays on the membrane. Such a tight and regular arrangement makes our DNA origami capable of deforming free-standing lipid membranes, mimicking the biological activity of coat-forming proteins, for example, from the I-/F-BAR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Czogalla
- Biotechnology Center of the TU Dresden, Tatzberg 47/51, 01307 Dresden (Germany).,Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50383 Wrocław (Poland)
| | - Dominik J Kauert
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany) http://www.biochem.mpg.de/en/rd/schwille/
| | - Veselina Uzunova
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Dresden, University of Technology, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden (Germany)
| | - Yixin Zhang
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Dresden, University of Technology, Arnoldstraße 18, 01307 Dresden (Germany)
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried (Germany) http://www.biochem.mpg.de/en/rd/schwille/.
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25
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Frolov VA, Escalada A, Akimov SA, Shnyrova AV. Geometry of membrane fission. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 185:129-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Adams PG, Lamoureux L, Swingle KL, Mukundan H, Montaño GA. Lipopolysaccharide-induced dynamic lipid membrane reorganization: tubules, perforations, and stacks. Biophys J 2014; 106:2395-407. [PMID: 24896118 PMCID: PMC4052278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a unique lipoglycan, with two major physiological roles: 1), as a major structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and 2), as a highly potent mammalian toxin when released from cells into solution (endotoxin). LPS is an amphiphile that spontaneously inserts into the outer leaflet of lipid bilayers to bury its hydrophobic lipidic domain, leaving the hydrophilic polysaccharide chain exposed to the exterior polar solvent. Divalent cations have long been known to neutralize and stabilize LPS in the outer membrane, whereas LPS in the presence of monovalent cations forms highly mobile negatively-charged aggregates. Yet, much of our understanding of LPS and its interactions with the cell membrane does not take into account its amphiphilic biochemistry and charge polarization. Herein, we report fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis of the interaction between LPS and fluid-phase supported lipid bilayer assemblies (sLBAs), as model membranes. Depending on cation availability, LPS induces three remarkably different effects on simple sLBAs. Net-negative LPS-Na(+) leads to the formation of 100-μm-long flexible lipid tubules from surface-associated lipid vesicles and the destabilization of the sLBA resulting in micron-size hole formation. Neutral LPS-Ca(2+) gives rise to 100-μm-wide single- or multilamellar planar sheets of lipid and LPS formed from surface-associated lipid vesicles. Our findings have important implications about the physical interactions between LPS and lipids and demonstrate that sLBAs can be useful platforms to study the interactions of amphiphilic virulence factors with cell membranes. Additionally, our study supports the general phenomenon that lipids with highly charged or bulky headgroups can promote highly curved membrane architectures due to electrostatic and/or steric repulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Adams
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Loreen Lamoureux
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Kirstie L Swingle
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Harshini Mukundan
- New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico; Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Gabriel A Montaño
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.
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27
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Nicolson GL. The Fluid—Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure: Still relevant to understanding the structure, function and dynamics of biological membranes after more than 40years. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:1451-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Foret L. Shape and energy of a membrane bud induced by protein coats or viral protein assembly. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2014; 37:42. [PMID: 24859281 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2014-14042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular transport vesicles and enveloped virus production is mediated by the polymerization of proteins that form bi-dimensional curved and rigid structures, or "coats", on a membrane. Using the classical framework of fluid membrane elasticity, we compute numerically the shape and the mechanical energy of the membrane deformation induced by a coat at different stage of growth. We furthermore derive analytical approximate expressions for the membrane shape and energy. They are found to be very accurate when compared to numerical calculations. These analytical expressions should be useful when building a relevant model of coat polymerization kinetics. We also discuss some consequences of the membrane energy features on the coat assembly process, showing that at high tension a kinetically arrested state of incomplete assembly could exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Foret
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France,
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29
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Maniti O, Piao HR, Ayala-Sanmartin J. Basic cell penetrating peptides induce plasma membrane positive curvature, lipid domain separation and protein redistribution. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Wu QY, Liang Q. Interplay between curvature and lateral organization of lipids and peptides/proteins in model membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1116-1122. [PMID: 24417311 DOI: 10.1021/la4039123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane curvature plays a crucial role in the realization of many cellular membrane functions such as signaling and trafficking. Here, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we present an effective method of producing curved model membranes and systematically investigated the interplay between the curvature and lateral sorting of lipids and transmembrane (TM) peptides/proteins in the model membranes. We first confirmed the experimental results of the lateral organization of lipid domains in curved ternary membranes. Then, we focused on exploring the lateral sorting of TM peptides/proteins with symmetric shape in the curved membranes. The results showed that the lateral inhomogeneous packing of lipids induced by the curvature and/or the component heterogeneity drives the peptides/proteins to accumulate in the curved regions in both the unary and ternary membranes. However, whether the peptides/proteins can stably and compactly reside in the curved regions is determined by their final packing configuration, which may be influenced by the membrane curvature in the curved regions. Additionally, the insertion of peptides/proteins may enhance the membrane curvature. This work provided some theoretical insights into understanding the mechanism of the interplay of membrane curvature and lateral organization (especially the lateral sorting of the peptides/proteins with symmetric shape) in the biomembrane in some biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Wu
- Center for Statistical and Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua 321004, PR China
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31
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Yue T, Zhang X, Huang F. Molecular modeling of membrane tube pearling and the effect of nanoparticle adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10799-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01201a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DPD simulations suggest that the membrane tube pearling can be regulated by the inner water pressure and NP adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao, China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Materials Simulation
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao, China
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32
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Abstract
The Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model of cell membrane structure was based on thermodynamic principals and the available data on component lateral mobility within the membrane plane [Singer SJ, Nicolson GL. The Fluid Mosaic Model of the structure of cell membranes. Science 1972; 175: 720-731]. After more than forty years the model remains relevant for describing the basic nano-scale structures of a variety of biological membranes. More recent information, however, has shown the importance of specialized membrane domains, such as lipid rafts and protein complexes, in describing the macrostructure and dynamics of biological membranes. In addition, membrane-associated cytoskeletal structures and extracellular matrix also play roles in limiting the mobility and range of motion of membrane components and add new layers of complexity and hierarchy to the original model. An updated Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model is described, where more emphasis has been placed on the mosaic nature of cellular membranes where protein and lipid components are more crowded and limited in their movements in the membrane plane by lipid-lipid, protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions as well as cell-matrix, cell-cell and cytoskeletal interactions. These interactions are important in restraining membrane components and maintaining the unique mosaic organization of cell membranes into functional, dynamic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Pathology, Huntington Beach, CA, USA
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33
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Payet LA, Pineau L, Snyder ECR, Colas J, Moussa A, Vannier B, Bigay J, Clarhaut J, Becq F, Berjeaud JM, Vandebrouck C, Ferreira T. Saturated Fatty Acids Alter the Late Secretory Pathway by Modulating Membrane Properties. Traffic 2013; 14:1228-41. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie-Anne Payet
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | | | - Ellen C. R. Snyder
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Jenny Colas
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Ahmed Moussa
- Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Tanger; BP 1818 90000 Tanger Morocco
| | - Brigitte Vannier
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Joelle Bigay
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; UMR CNRS 7275, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis; 660 Route des Lucioles, Sophia Antipolis 06560 Valbonne France
| | - Jonathan Clarhaut
- INSERM CIC 0802; CHU de Poitiers; 2 rue de la Milétrie 86021 Poitiers France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- Université de Poitiers; Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions; UMR CNRS 7267, 40 avenue du Recteur Pineau 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Clarisse Vandebrouck
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
| | - Thierry Ferreira
- Université de Poitiers; Institut de Physiologie et de Biologie Cellulaires; FRE CNRS 3511, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 1, Rue Georges BONNET, BP 633 86022 Poitiers Cedex France
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34
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Ramakrishnan N, Sunil Kumar PB, Ipsen JH. Membrane-mediated aggregation of curvature-inducing nematogens and membrane tubulation. Biophys J 2013; 104:1018-28. [PMID: 23473484 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The shapes of cell membranes are largely regulated by membrane-associated, curvature-active proteins. Herein, we use a numerical model of the membrane, recently developed by us, with elongated membrane inclusions possessing spontaneous directional curvatures that could be different along, and perpendicular to, the membrane's long axis. We show that, due to membrane-mediated interactions, these curvature-inducing membrane-nematogens can aggregate spontaneously, even at low concentrations, and change the local shape of the membrane. We demonstrate that for a large group of such inclusions, where the two spontaneous curvatures have equal sign, the tubular conformation and sometimes the sheet conformation of the membrane are the common equilibrium shapes. We elucidate the factors necessary for the formation of these protein lattices. Furthermore, the elastic properties of the tubes, such as their compressional stiffness and persistence length, are calculated. Finally, we discuss the possible role of nematic disclination in capping and branching of the tubular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramakrishnan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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35
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Vamparys L, Gautier R, Vanni S, Bennett WFD, Tieleman DP, Antonny B, Etchebest C, Fuchs PFJ. Conical lipids in flat bilayers induce packing defects similar to that induced by positive curvature. Biophys J 2013; 104:585-93. [PMID: 23442909 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In biological membranes, changes in lipid composition or mechanical deformations produce defects in the geometrical arrangement of lipids, thus allowing the adsorption of certain peripheral proteins. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations on bilayers containing a cylindrical lipid (PC) and a conical lipid (DOG). Profiles of atomic density and lateral pressure across the bilayer show differences in the acyl chain region due to deeper partitioning of DOG compared to PC. However, such analyses are less informative for the interfacial region where peripheral proteins adsorb. To circumvent this limitation, we develop, to our knowledge, a new method of membrane surface analysis. This method allows the identification of chemical defects, where hydrocarbon chains are accessible to the solvent, and geometrical defects, i.e., voids deeper than the glycerol backbone. The size and number of both types of defects increase with the number of monounsaturated acyl chains in PC and with the introduction of DOG, although the defects do not colocalize with the conical lipid. Interestingly, the size and probability of the defects promoted by DOG resemble those induced by positive curvature, thus explaining why conical lipids and positive curvature can both drive the adsorption of peripheral proteins that use hydrophobic residues as membrane anchors.
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36
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Computational Studies of Biomembrane Systems: Theoretical Considerations, Simulation Models, and Applications. FROM SINGLE MOLECULES TO NANOSCOPICALLY STRUCTURED MATERIALS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Abstract
Neurons can sustain high rates of synaptic transmission without exhausting their supply of synaptic vesicles. This property relies on a highly efficient local endocytic recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes, which can be reused for hundreds, possibly thousands, of exo-endocytic cycles. Morphological, physiological, molecular, and genetic studies over the last four decades have provided insight into the membrane traffic reactions that govern this recycling and its regulation. These studies have shown that synaptic vesicle endocytosis capitalizes on fundamental and general endocytic mechanisms but also involves neuron-specific adaptations of such mechanisms. Thus, investigations of these processes have advanced not only the field of synaptic transmission but also, more generally, the field of endocytosis. This article summarizes current information on synaptic vesicle endocytosis with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms and with a special focus on clathrin-mediated endocytosis, the predominant pathway of synaptic vesicle protein internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Saheki
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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38
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Niu X, Gao C, Jan Lo L, Luo Y, Meng C, Hong J, Hong W, Peng J. Sec13 safeguards the integrity of the endoplasmic reticulum and organogenesis of the digestive system in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2012; 367:197-207. [PMID: 22609279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Sec13-Sec31 heterotetramer serves as the outer coat in the COPII complex, which mediates protein trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Although it has been studied in depth in yeast and cultured cells, the role of COPII in organogenesis in a multicellular organism has not. We report here that a zebrafish sec13(sq198) mutant, which exhibits a phenotype of hypoplastic digestive organs, has a mutation in the sec13 gene. The mutant gene encodes a carboxyl-terminus-truncated Sec13 that loses its affinity to Sec31a, which leads to disintegration of the ER structure in various differentiated cells in sec13(sq198), including chondrocytes, intestinal epithelial cells and hepatocytes. Disruption of the ER structure activates an unfolded protein response that eventually causes the cells to undergo cell-cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, which arrest the growth of developing digestive organs in the mutant. Our data provide the first direct genetic evidence that COPII function is essential for the organogenesis of the digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubo Niu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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39
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The amphipathic helix of an enzyme that regulates phosphatidylcholine synthesis remodels membranes into highly curved nanotubules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1173-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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Boucrot E, Pick A, Çamdere G, Liska N, Evergren E, McMahon H, Kozlov M. Membrane fission is promoted by insertion of amphipathic helices and is restricted by crescent BAR domains. Cell 2012; 149:124-36. [PMID: 22464325 PMCID: PMC3465558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Shallow hydrophobic insertions and crescent-shaped BAR scaffolds promote membrane curvature. Here, we investigate membrane fission by shallow hydrophobic insertions quantitatively and mechanistically. We provide evidence that membrane insertion of the ENTH domain of epsin leads to liposome vesiculation, and that epsin is required for clathrin-coated vesicle budding in cells. We also show that BAR-domain scaffolds from endophilin, amphiphysin, GRAF, and β2-centaurin limit membrane fission driven by hydrophobic insertions. A quantitative assay for vesiculation reveals an antagonistic relationship between amphipathic helices and scaffolds of N-BAR domains in fission. The extent of vesiculation by these proteins and vesicle size depend on the number and length of amphipathic helices per BAR domain, in accord with theoretical considerations. This fission mechanism gives a new framework for understanding membrane scission in the absence of mechanoenzymes such as dynamin and suggests how Arf and Sar proteins work in vesicle scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Boucrot
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Adi Pick
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gamze Çamdere
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Nicole Liska
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Emma Evergren
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Harvey T. McMahon
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Michael M. Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
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41
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Tajparast M, Glavinović M. Elastic, electrostatic and electrokinetic forces influencing membrane curvature. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:411-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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de Sarrau B, Clavel T, Clerté C, Carlin F, Giniès C, Nguyen-The C. Influence of anaerobiosis and low temperature on Bacillus cereus growth, metabolism, and membrane properties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1715-23. [PMID: 22247126 PMCID: PMC3298147 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06410-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of simultaneous anaerobiosis and low temperature on growth parameters, metabolism, and membrane properties of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 was studied. No growth was observed under anaerobiosis at 12°C. In bioreactors, growth rates and biomass production were drastically reduced by simultaneous anaerobiosis and low temperature (15°C). The two conditions had a synergistic effect on biomass reduction. In anaerobic cultures, fermentative metabolism was modified by low temperature, with a marked reduction in ethanol production leading to a lower ability to produce NAD(+). Anaerobiosis reduced unsaturated fatty acids at both low optimal temperatures. In addition, simultaneous anaerobiosis and low temperatures markedly reduced levels of branched-chain fatty acids compared to all other conditions (accounting for 33% of total fatty acids against more 71% for low-temperature aerobiosis, optimal-temperature aerobiosis, and optimal-temperature anaerobiosis). This corresponded to high-melting-temperature lipids and to low-fluidity membranes, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence anisotropy, and infrared spectroscopy. This is in contrast to requirements for cold adaptation. A link between modification in the synthesis of metabolites of fermentative metabolism and the reduction of branched-chain fatty acids at low temperature under anaerobiosis, through a modification of the oxidizing capacity, is assumed. This link may partly explain the impact of low temperature and anaerobiosis on membrane properties and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît de Sarrau
- INRA, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, Avignon, France.
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43
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Abstract
The paradigm that the secretory pathway consists of a stable endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, using discrete transport vesicles to exchange their contents, gained important support from groundbreaking biochemical and genetic studies during the 1980s. However, the subsequent development of new imaging technologies with green fluorescent protein introduced data on dynamic processes not fully accounted for by the paradigm. As a result, we may be seeing an example of how a paradigm is evolving to account for the results of new technologies and their new ways of describing cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
- Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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44
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Milosevic I, Giovedi S, Lou X, Raimondi A, Collesi C, Shen H, Paradise S, O'Toole E, Ferguson S, Cremona O, De Camilli P. Recruitment of endophilin to clathrin-coated pit necks is required for efficient vesicle uncoating after fission. Neuron 2012; 72:587-601. [PMID: 22099461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endophilin is a membrane-binding protein with curvature-generating and -sensing properties that participates in clathrin-dependent endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes. Endophilin also binds the GTPase dynamin and the phosphoinositide phosphatase synaptojanin and is thought to coordinate constriction of coated pits with membrane fission (via dynamin) and subsequent uncoating (via synaptojanin). We show that although synaptojanin is recruited by endophilin at bud necks before fission, the knockout of all three mouse endophilins results in the accumulation of clathrin-coated vesicles, but not of clathrin-coated pits, at synapses. The absence of endophilin impairs but does not abolish synaptic transmission and results in perinatal lethality, whereas partial endophilin absence causes severe neurological defects, including epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Our data support a model in which endophilin recruitment to coated pit necks, because of its curvature-sensing properties, primes vesicle buds for subsequent uncoating after membrane fission, without being critically required for the fission reaction itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Milosevic
- Department of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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45
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Michaillat L, Baars TL, Mayer A. Cell-free reconstitution of vacuole membrane fragmentation reveals regulation of vacuole size and number by TORC1. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:881-95. [PMID: 22238359 PMCID: PMC3290646 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-08-0703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and copy number of an organelle depend on an equilibrium of membrane fusion and fission. In vitro reconstitution of yeast vacuole fission and fusion shows that TORC1 selectively stimulates fission but does not change fusion activity. This explains the morphological transitions of yeast vacuoles in response to nutrient availability. Size and copy number of organelles are influenced by an equilibrium of membrane fusion and fission. We studied this equilibrium on vacuoles—the lysosomes of yeast. Vacuole fusion can readily be reconstituted and quantified in vitro, but it had not been possible to study fission of the organelle in a similar way. Here we present a cell-free system that reconstitutes fragmentation of purified yeast vacuoles (lysosomes) into smaller vesicles. Fragmentation in vitro reproduces physiological aspects. It requires the dynamin-like GTPase Vps1p, V-ATPase pump activity, cytosolic proteins, and ATP and GTP hydrolysis. We used the in vitro system to show that the vacuole-associated TOR complex 1 (TORC1) stimulates vacuole fragmentation but not the opposing reaction of vacuole fusion. Under nutrient restriction, TORC1 is inactivated, and the continuing fusion activity then dominates the fusion/fission equilibrium, decreasing the copy number and increasing the volume of the vacuolar compartment. This result can explain why nutrient restriction not only induces autophagy and a massive buildup of vacuolar/lysosomal hydrolases, but also leads to a concomitant increase in volume of the vacuolar compartment by coalescence of the organelles into a single large compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Michaillat
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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46
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Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Dynamin, a membrane-remodelling GTPase. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012; 13:75-88. [PMID: 22233676 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamin, the founding member of a family of dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) implicated in membrane remodelling, has a critical role in endocytic membrane fission events. The use of complementary approaches, including live-cell imaging, cell-free studies, X-ray crystallography and genetic studies in mice, has greatly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms by which dynamin acts, its essential roles in cell physiology and the specific function of different dynamin isoforms. In addition, several connections between dynamin and human disease have also emerged, highlighting specific contributions of this GTPase to the physiology of different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
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47
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Jensen MB, Bhatia VK, Jao CC, Rasmussen JE, Pedersen SL, Jensen KJ, Langen R, Stamou D. Membrane curvature sensing by amphipathic helices: a single liposome study using α-synuclein and annexin B12. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:42603-42614. [PMID: 21953452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.271130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferential binding of proteins on curved membranes (membrane curvature sensing) is increasingly emerging as a general mechanism whereby cells may effect protein localization and trafficking. Here we use a novel single liposome fluorescence microscopy assay to examine a common sensing motif, the amphipathic helix (AH), and provide quantitative measures describing and distinguishing membrane binding and sensing behavior. By studying two AH-containing proteins, α-synuclein and annexin B12, as well as a range of AH peptide mutants, we reveal that both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces of the helix greatly influence binding and sensing. Although increased hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions with the membrane both lead to greater densities of bound protein, the former yields membrane curvature-sensitive binding, whereas the latter is not curvature-dependent. However, the relative contributions of both components determine the sensing of AHs. In contrast, charge density in the lipid membrane seems important primarily in attracting AHs to the membrane but does not significantly influence sensing. These observations were made possible by the ability of our assay to distinguish within our samples liposomes with and without bound protein as well as the density of bound protein. Our findings suggest that the description of membrane curvature-sensing requires consideration of several factors such as short and long range electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and the volume and structure of inserted hydrophobic residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Borch Jensen
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vikram Kjøller Bhatia
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine C Jao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Jakob Ewald Rasmussen
- IGM-Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren L Pedersen
- IGM-Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Knud J Jensen
- IGM-Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ralf Langen
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033
| | - Dimitrios Stamou
- Bionanotechnology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Nano-Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Lundbeck Foundation Center Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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48
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Baumgart T, Capraro BR, Zhu C, Das SL. Thermodynamics and mechanics of membrane curvature generation and sensing by proteins and lipids. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2011; 62:483-506. [PMID: 21219150 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research investigating lipid membrane curvature generation and sensing is a rapidly developing frontier in membrane physical chemistry and biophysics. The fast recent progress is based on the discovery of a plethora of proteins involved in coupling membrane shape to cellular membrane function, the design of new quantitative experimental techniques to study aspects of membrane curvature, and the development of analytical theories and simulation techniques that allow a mechanistic interpretation of quantitative measurements. The present review first provides an overview of important classes of membrane proteins for which function is coupled to membrane curvature. We then survey several mechanisms that are assumed to underlie membrane curvature sensing and generation. Finally, we discuss relatively simple thermodynamic/mechanical models that allow quantitative interpretation of experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baumgart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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49
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Bacia K, Futai E, Prinz S, Meister A, Daum S, Glatte D, Briggs JAG, Schekman R. Multibudded tubules formed by COPII on artificial liposomes. Sci Rep 2011; 1:17. [PMID: 22355536 PMCID: PMC3216505 DOI: 10.1038/srep00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
COPII-coated vesicles form at the endoplasmic reticulum for cargo transport to the Golgi apparatus. We used in vitro reconstitution to examine the roles of the COPII scaffold in remodeling the shape of a lipid bilayer. Giant Unilamellar Vesicles were examined using fast confocal fluorescence and cryo-electron microscopy in order to avoid separation steps and minimize mechanical manipulation. COPII showed a preference for high curvature structures, but also sufficient flexibility for binding to low curvatures. The COPII proteins induced beads-on-a-string-like constricted tubules, similar to those previously observed in cells. We speculate about a mechanical pathway for vesicle fission from these multibudded COPII-coated tubules, considering the possibility that withdrawal of the Sar1 amphipathic helix upon GTP hydrolysis leads to lipid bilayer destabilization resulting in fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA; HALOmem, University of Halle, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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50
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Ohashi E, Tanabe K, Henmi Y, Mesaki K, Kobayashi Y, Takei K. Receptor sorting within endosomal trafficking pathway is facilitated by dynamic actin filaments. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19942. [PMID: 21625493 PMCID: PMC3098849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early endosomes (EEs) are known to be a sorting station for internalized molecules destined for degradation, recycling, or other intracellular organelles. Segregation is an essential step in such sorting, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that actin is required for efficient recycling and endosomal maturation by producing a motile force. Perturbation of actin dynamics by drugs induced a few enlarged EEs containing several degradative vacuoles and also interfered with their transporting ability. Actin repolymerization induced by washout of the drug caused the vacuoles to dissociate and individually translocate toward the perinuclear region. We further elucidated that cortactin, an actin-nucleating factor, was required for transporting contents from within EEs. Actin filaments regulated by cortactin may provide a motile force for efficient sorting within early endosomes. These data suggest that actin filaments coordinate with microtubules to mediate segregation in EEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Ohashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanabe
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuji Henmi
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kumi Mesaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuka Kobayashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of
Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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