1
|
Saleki K, Aram C, Alijanizadeh P, Khanmirzaei MH, Vaziri Z, Ramzankhah M, Azadmehr A. Matrix metalloproteinase/Fas ligand (MMP/FasL) interaction dynamics in COVID-19: An in silico study and neuroimmune perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30898. [PMID: 38803919 PMCID: PMC11128882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The initiator of cytokine storm in Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still unknown. We recently suggested a complex interaction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), Fas ligand (FasL), and viral entry factors could be responsible for the cytokine outrage In COVID-19. We explored the molecular dynamics of FasL/MMP7-9 in COVID-19 conditions in silico and provide neuroimmune insights for future. Methods We enrolled and analyzed a clinical cohort of COVID-19 patients, and recorded their blood Na + levels and temperature at admission. A blood-like molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) box was then built. Four conditions were studied; MMP7/FasL (healthy), MMP7/FasL (COVID-19), MMP9-FasL (healthy), and MMP9/FasL (COVID-19). MDS was performed by GROningen MAchine for Chemical Simulation (GROMACS). We analyzed bonds, short-range energies, and free binding energies to draw conclusions on the interaction of MMP7/MMP9 and FasL to gain insights into COVID-19 immunopathology. Genevestigator was used study RNA-seq/microarray expression data of MMPs in the cells of immune and nervous systems. Finally, epitopes of MMP/FasL complexes were identified as drug targets by machine learning (ML) tools. Results MMP7-FasL (Healthy), MMP7-FasL (COVID-19), MMP9-FasL (Healthy), and MMP9-FasL (COVID-19) systems showed 0, 1, 4, and 2 salt bridges, indicating MMP9 had more salt bridges. Moreover, in both COVID-19 and normal conditions, the number of interacting residues and surface area was higher for MMP9 compared to MMP7 group. The COVID-19 MMP9-FasL group had more H-bonds compared to MMP7-FasL group (12 vs. 7). 15 epitopes for FasL-MMP9 and 10 epitopes for FasL-MMP7 were detected. Extended MD simulation for 100 ns confirmed stronger binding of MMP9 based on Molecular Mechanics Generalized Borne Surface analysis (MM-GBSA) and Coul and Leonard-Jones (LJ) short-range energies. Conclusions MMP9 interacts stronger than MMP7 with FasL, however, both molecules maintained strong interaction through the MDS. We suggested epitopes for MMP-FasL complexes as valuable therapeutic targets in COVID-19. These data could be utilized in future immune drug and protein design and repurposing efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of e-Learning, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU), Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Cena Aram
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parsa Alijanizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Khanmirzaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramzankhah
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abbas Azadmehr
- National Elite Foundation, Mazandaran Province Branch, Mazandaran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nazir F, Munir I, Yesiloz G. A Microfluidics-Assisted Double-Barreled Nanobioconjugate Synthesis Introducing Aprotinin as a New Moonlight Nanocarrier Protein: Tested toward Physiologically Relevant 3D-Spheroid Models. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18311-18326. [PMID: 38564228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are promising substances for introducing new drug carriers with efficient blood circulation due to low possibilities of clearance by macrophages. However, such natural biopolymers have highly sophisticated molecular structures, preventing them from being assembled into nanoplatforms with manipulable payload release profiles. Here, we report a novel anticancer nanodrug carrier moonlighting protein, Aprotinin, to be used as a newly identified carrier for cytotoxic drugs. The Aprotinin-Doxorubicin (Apr-Dox) nanobioconjugate was prepared via a single-step microfluidics coflow mixing technique, a feasible and simple way to synthesize a carrier-based drug design with a double-barreled approach that can release and actuate two therapeutic agents simultaneously, i.e., Apr-Dox in 1:11 ratio (the antimetastatic carrier drug aprotinin and the chemotherapeutic drug DOX). With a significant stimuli-sensitive (i.e., pH) drug release ability, this nanobioconjugate achieves superior bioperformances, including high cellular uptake, efficient tumor penetration, and accumulation into the acidic tumor microenvironment, besides inhibiting further tumor growth by halting the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) involved in metastasis and tumor progression. Distinctly, in healthy human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells, drastically lower cellular uptake of nanobioconjugates has been observed and validated compared to the anticancer agent Dox. Our findings demonstrate an enhanced cellular internalization of nanobioconjugates toward breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer both in vitro and in physiologically relevant biological 3D-spheroid models. Consequently, the designed nanobioconjugate shows a high potential for targeted drug delivery via a natural and biocompatible moonlighting protein, thus opening a new avenue for proving aprotinin in cancer therapy as both an antimetastatic and a drug-carrying agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Nazir
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, 06800 Cankaya-Ankara, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Cankaya-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Iqra Munir
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, 06800 Cankaya-Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gurkan Yesiloz
- National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM)- Bilkent University, 06800 Cankaya-Ankara, Türkiye
- Institute of Material Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Cankaya-Ankara, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hey S, Linder S. Matrix metalloproteinases at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261898. [PMID: 38236162 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteinases that belong to the group of endopeptidases or matrixins. They are able to cleave a plethora of substrates, including components of the extracellular matrix and cell-surface-associated proteins, as well as intracellular targets. Accordingly, MMPs play key roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as tissue homeostasis and cancer cell invasion. MMP activity is exquisitely regulated at several levels, including pro-domain removal, association with inhibitors, intracellular trafficking and transport via extracellular vesicles. Moreover, the regulation of MMP activity is currently being rediscovered for the development of respective therapies for the treatment of cancer, as well as infectious, inflammatory and neurological diseases. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present an overview of the current knowledge regarding the regulation of MMP activity, the intra- and extra-cellular trafficking pathways of these enzymes and their diverse groups of target proteins, as well as their impact on health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hey
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ehnert S, Rinderknecht H, Liu C, Voss M, Konrad FM, Eisler W, Alexander D, Ngamsri KC, Histing T, Rollmann MF, Nussler AK. Increased Levels of BAMBI Inhibit Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Chronic Wound Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:2095. [PMID: 37626905 PMCID: PMC10453918 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator of the entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation and extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing wound tissues obtained from acute and chronic wounds regarding angiogenesis, inflammation, as well as ECM formation and degradation, to identify common disturbances in the healing process. Serum and wound tissues from 38 patients (N = 20 acute and N = 18 chronic wounds) were analyzed. The patients' sera suggested a shift from VEGF/VEGFR to ANGPT/TIE2 signaling in the chronic wounds. However, this shift was not confirmed in the wound tissues. Instead, the chronic wound tissues showed increased levels of MMP9, a known activator of TGF-β. However, regulation of TGF-β target genes, such as CTGF, COL1A1, or IL-6, was absent in the chronic wounds. In wound tissues, all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed with increased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and a reporter assay confirmed that the expressed TGF-β was activated. However, Western blots and immunostaining showed decreased canonical TGF-β signaling in the respective chronic wound tissues, suggesting the presence of a TGF-β inhibitor. As a potential regulatory mechanism, the TGF-β proteome profiler array suggested elevated levels of the TGF-β pseudo-receptor BAMBI. Also, tissue expression of BAMBI was significantly increased not only in chronic wounds (10.6-fold) but also in acute wounds that had become chronic (9.5-fold). In summary, our data indicate a possible regulatory role of BAMBI in the development of chronic wounds. The available few in vivo studies support our findings by postulating a therapeutic potential of BAMBI for controlling scar formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Melanie Voss
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Mika F. Rollmann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mgrditchian T, Brown-Clay J, Hoffmann C, Müller T, Filali L, Ockfen E, Mao X, Moreau F, Casellas CP, Kaoma T, Mittelbronn M, Thomas C. Actin cytoskeleton depolymerization increases matrix metalloproteinase gene expression in breast cancer cells by promoting translocation of cysteine-rich protein 2 to the nucleus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1100938. [PMID: 37266453 PMCID: PMC10229898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a critical role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis; however, the coordination of its multiple functions remains unclear. Actin dynamics in the cytoplasm control the formation of invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions that facilitate cancer cell invasion by focusing the secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we investigated the nuclear role of cysteine-rich protein 2 (CRP2), a two LIM domain-containing F-actin-binding protein that we previously identified as a cytoskeletal component of invadopodia, in breast cancer cells. We found that F-actin depolymerization stimulates the translocation of CRP2 into the nucleus, resulting in an increase in the transcript levels of pro-invasive and pro-metastatic genes, including several members of the MMP gene family. We demonstrate that in the nucleus, CRP2 interacts with the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF), which is crucial for the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-13. Our data suggest that CRP2 and SRF cooperate to modulate of MMP expression levels. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant association between high-level expression of SRF and shorter overall survival and distant metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients with a high CRP2 expression profile. Our findings suggest a model in which CRP2 mediates the coordination of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes driven by actin dynamics, ultimately resulting in the induction of invasive and metastatic behavior in breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takouhie Mgrditchian
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Joshua Brown-Clay
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Céline Hoffmann
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tanja Müller
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Liza Filali
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elena Ockfen
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Xianqing Mao
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Flora Moreau
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Kaoma
- Bioinformatics Platform, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Science and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-surAlzette, Luxembourg
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Clément Thomas
- Department of Cancer Research, Cytoskeleton and Cancer Progression, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang YN, Liu JJ, Zhang W, Qin HY, Wang LT, Chen YY, Yuan L, Yang F, Cao RY, Wang XJ. Expression, purification and refolding of pro-MMP-2 from inclusion bodies of E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 208-209:106278. [PMID: 37094772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
MMP-2 has been reported as the most validated target for cancer progression and deserves further investigation. However, due to the lack of methods for obtaining large amounts of highly purified and bioactive MMP-2, identifying specific substrates and developing specific inhibitors of MMP-2remains extremely difficult. In this study, the DNA fragment coding for pro-MMP-2 was inserted into plasmid pET28a in an oriented manner, and the resulting recombinant protein was effectively expressed and led to accumulation as inclusion bodies in E. coli. This protein was easy to purify to near homogeneity by the combination of common inclusion bodies purification procedure and cold ethanol fractionation. Then, our results of gelatin zymography and fluorometric assay revealed that pro-MMP-2 at least partially restored its natural structure and enzymatic activity after renaturation. We obtained approximately 11 mg refolded pro-MMP-2 protein from 1 L LB broth, which was higher than other strategies previously reported. In conclusion, a simple and cost-effective procedure for obtaining high amounts of functional MMP-2was developed, which would contribute to the progress of studies on the gamut of biological action of this important proteinase. Furthermore, our protocol should be appropriate for the expression, purification, and refolding of other bacterial toxic proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jia Jian Liu
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Han Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lin Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Rong Yue Cao
- Minigene Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xue Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aleman J, Young CD, Karam SD, Wang XJ. Revisiting laminin and extracellular matrix remodeling in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma: What have we learned after more than four decades of research? Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:5-23. [PMID: 35596706 PMCID: PMC9676410 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have significantly lower survival upon the development of distant metastases. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a consistent yet dynamic influence on the metastatic capacity of SCCs. The ECM encompasses a milieu of structural proteins, signaling molecules, and enzymes. Just over 40 years ago, the fibrous ECM glycoprotein laminin was identified. Roughly four decades of research have revealed a pivotal role of laminins in metastasis. However, trends in ECM alterations in some cancers have been applied broadly to all metastatic diseases, despite evidence that these characteristics vary by tumor type. We will summarize how laminins influence the SCC metastatic process exclusively. Enhanced laminin protein deposition occurs at the invasive edge of SCC tumors, which correlates with elevated levels of laminin-binding β1 integrins on SCC cells, increased MMP-3 presence, worse prognosis, and lymphatic dissemination. Although these findings are significant, gaps in knowledge of the formation of a premetastatic niche, the processes of intra- and extravasation, and the contributions of the ECM to SCC metastatic cell dormancy persist. Bridging these gaps requires novel in vitro systems and animal models that reproduce tumor-stromal interactions and spontaneous metastasis seen in the clinic. These advances will allow accurate assessment of laminins to predict responders to transforming growth factor-β inhibitors and immunotherapy, as well as potential combinatorial therapies with the standard of care. Such clinical interventions may drastically improve quality of life and patient survival by explicitly targeting SCC metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Aleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian D. Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sana D. Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Katari SK, Pasala C, Nalamolu RM, Bitla AR, Umamaheswari A. In silico trials to design potent inhibitors against matrilysin (MMP-7). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11851-11862. [PMID: 34405760 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1965032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study deals with structure-based rational drug design against the chief zinc-rely endopeptidase called matrilysin (MMP-7) that is involved in inflammatory and metastasis process of several carcinomas. Hyperactivated matrilysin of human was targeted, because of its hydrolytic actions on extracellular matrix (ECM) protein components constitutes fibrillar collagens, gelatins, fibronectins and it also activates zymogen forms of vital matrix metalloproteinases (gelatinase A-MMP-2 and B-MMP-9) responsible for ECM destruction in many cancers. In the present work, e-pharmacophores were generated for the respective five co-crystal structures of human matrilysin by mapping ligand's pharmacophoric features. During the lead-optimization campaign, the five e-pharmacophores-based shape screening against an in-house library of >21 million compounds created a dataset of 5000 structural analogs. The subsequent three different docking strategies, including rigid-receptor docking, quantum-polarized-ligand docking, induced-fit docking and free energy binding calculations resulted four leads as novel and potent MMP-7 binders. These four leads were observed with good pharmacological features and good receiver operating characteristics curve metrics (ROC: 0.93) in post-docking evaluations against five existing co-crystal inhibitors and 1000 decoy molecules with MMP-7. Moreover, stability and dynamics behavior of matrilysin-lead1 complex and matrilysin-cocrystal ligand (TQJ) complex were analyzed in natural physiological milieu of 1000 ns or 1 µs molecular dynamics simulations. Lead1-MMP-7 complex was found with an average Cα root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 2.35 Å, average ligand root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF) of 0.66 Å and the strong metallic interactions with E220, a key residue for proteolytic action thereby hinders ECM proteolysis that in turn can halt metastatic cancerous condition.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar Katari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ravina Madhulitha Nalamolu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Aparna R Bitla
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amineni Umamaheswari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Centre, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Di Stefano V, Tubiolo C, Gagliardo A, Presti RL, Montana M, Todisco M, Lupica A, Caimi G, Tassorelli C, Fierro B, Brighina F, Cosentino G. Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis. A Preliminary Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1439. [PMID: 36358365 PMCID: PMC9688860 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have recently been proposed as promising biomarkers in different immune-mediated disorders. We evaluated the plasma levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and their tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in a patients' cohort with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS Plasma concentrations of MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were evaluated in 14 patients with generalized MG and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The severity of disease was assessed by the modified Osserman classification. RESULTS Compared to the healthy subjects, MG patients had increased plasma concentrations of MMP-9, but reduced plasma levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1. MG patients also showed a positive correlation between MMP-2 concentrations and disease severity. An increase in MMP-9 levels and MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio and a decrease in MMP-2 levels and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio were detected in patients with generalized MG. Higher levels of MMP-2 correlated with greater disease severity. DISCUSSION Our preliminary findings suggest that MMPs and TIMPs could play a role in the pathogenesis of MG and might be associated with the risk of clinical deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Stefano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Tubiolo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lo Presti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Montana
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Todisco
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonino Lupica
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gregorio Caimi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Brigida Fierro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chunder R, Schropp V, Jabari S, Marzin M, Amor S, Kuerten S. Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025377. [PMID: 36389698 PMCID: PMC9644161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the presence and role of B cell aggregates within the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. However, very little is known about the expression profile of molecules associated with these aggregates and how they might be influencing aggregate development or persistence in the brain. The current study focuses on the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3, which is associated with B cell aggregates in autopsied multiple sclerosis brain tissue, on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis cases and controls were screened for the presence of CD20+ B cell aggregates and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene array as methods, in vitro studies were conducted using peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to demonstrate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis patients containing aggregates of B cells expressed a significantly higher amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3 compared to controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-3 dampened the overall activation status of B cells by downregulating CD69, CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-3-treated B cells produced significantly lower amounts of interleukin-6. Gene array data confirmed that matrix metalloproteinase-3 altered the proliferation and survival profiles of B cells. Taken together, out data indicate a role for B cell modulatory properties of matrix metalloproteinase-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schropp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitals Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mahmoud DE, Kaabachi W, Sassi N, Tarhouni L, Rekik S, Jemmali S, Sehli H, Kallel-Sellami M, Cheour E, Laadhar L. The synovial fluid fibroblast-like synoviocyte: A long-neglected piece in the puzzle of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942417. [PMID: 35990693 PMCID: PMC9388825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease during which fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) contribute to both joint inflammation and destruction. FLS represent the core component of the synovial membrane. Following inflammation of this membrane, an effusion of cell-rich synovial fluid (SF) fills the joint cavity. Unlikely, SF has been shown to contain fibroblasts with some shared phenotypic traits with the synovial membrane FLS. These cells are called SF-FLS and their origin is still unclear. They are either brought into the synovium via migration through blood vessels, or they could originate within the synovium and exist in projections of the synovial membrane. SF-FLS function and phenotype are poorly documented compared to recently well-characterized synovial membrane FLS subsets. Furthermore, no study has yet reported a SF-FLS single-cell profiling analysis. This review will discuss the origin and cellular characteristics of SF-FLS in patients with RA. In addition, recent advances on the involvement of SF-FLS in the pathogenesis of RA will be summarized. Current knowledge on possible relationships between SF-FLS and other types of fibroblasts, including synovial membrane FLS, circulating fibrocytes, and pre- inflammatory mesenchymal (PRIME) cells will also be addressed. Finally, recent therapeutic strategies employed to specifically target SF-FLS in RA will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorra Elhaj Mahmoud
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Unité de Recherche Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Structure Fédérative de Recherche “Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques” (SFR ICAT), Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Wajih Kaabachi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Sassi
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Tarhouni
- Department of Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Kassab Institute of Traumatic and Orthopedic Surgery, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rekik
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samia Jemmali
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Sehli
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam Kallel-Sellami
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Elhem Cheour
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Laadhar
- Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratory, Rheumatology Department, La Rabta Hospital, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- *Correspondence: Lilia Laadhar,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kamboj S, Harms C, Wright D, Nash A, Kumar L, Klein-Seetharaman J, Sarkar SK. Identification of allosteric fingerprints of alpha-synuclein aggregates in matrix metalloprotease-1 and substrate-specific virtual screening with single molecule insights. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5764. [PMID: 35388085 PMCID: PMC8987064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09866-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) has implications in pathological protein aggregations in neurodegeneration. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are broad-spectrum proteases and cleave aSyn, leading to aggregation. Previous reports showed that allosteric communications between the two domains of MMP1 on collagen fibril and fibrin depend on substrates, activity, and ligands. This paper reports quantification of allostery using single molecule measurements of MMP1 dynamics on aSyn-induced aggregates by calculating Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between two dyes attached to the catalytic and hemopexin domains of MMP1. The two domains of MMP1 prefer open conformations that are inhibited by a single point mutation E219Q of MMP1 and tetracycline, an MMP inhibitor. A two-state Poisson process describes the interdomain dynamics, where the two states and kinetic rates of interconversion between them are obtained from histograms and autocorrelations of FRET values. Since a crystal structure of aSyn-bound MMP1 is unavailable, binding poses were predicted by molecular docking of MMP1 with aSyn using ClusPro. MMP1 dynamics were simulated using predicted binding poses and compared with the experimental interdomain dynamics to identify an appropriate pose. The selected aSyn-MMP1 binding pose near aSyn residue K45 was simulated and analyzed to define conformational changes at the catalytic site. Allosteric residues in aSyn-bound MMP1 exhibiting strong correlations with the catalytic motif residues were compared with allosteric residues in free MMP1, and aSyn-specific residues were identified. The allosteric residues in aSyn-bound MMP1 are K281, T283, G292, G327, L328, E329, R337, F343, G345, N346, Y348, G353, Q354, D363, Y365, S366, S367, F368, P371, R372, V374, K375, A379, F391, A394, R399, M414, F419, V426, and C466. Shannon entropy was defined to quantify MMP1 dynamics. Virtual screening was performed against a site on selected aSyn-MMP1 binding poses, which showed that lead molecules differ between free MMP1 and substrate-bound MMP1. Also, identifying aSyn-specific allosteric residues in MMP1 enabled further selection of lead molecules. In other words, virtual screening needs to take substrates into account for potential substrate-specific control of MMP1 activity in the future. Molecular understanding of interactions between MMP1 and aSyn-induced aggregates may open up the possibility of degrading aggregates by targeting MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaer Kamboj
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Chase Harms
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Derek Wright
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Anthony Nash
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lokender Kumar
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | | | - Susanta K Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mai R, Deng B, Zhao H, Li L, Fang Y, Li S, Deng X, Chen J. Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of Novel Enzyme-Triggerable Cell Penetrating Peptide-Based Dendrimers for Targeted Delivery of Camptothecin and Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5850-5865. [PMID: 35380045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel enzyme-triggerable cell penetrating peptide (ETCPP) dendrimers with a camptothecin (CPT) warhead were designed and synthesized based on an amphiphilic penetrating peptide (FKKFFRKLL, discovered by us before). Among the newly synthesized ETCPP dendrimer conjugates, BL_Oc-SS-CPT (a high-generation dendrimer) exhibited the highest activity with IC50s in the nanomolar range (31-747 nM) against a panel of cancer cells, which is 3-10 times better than that of CPT. BL_Oc-SS-CPT remained intact during transit to target cells and in normal tissues with a plasma half-life of 4.2 h, 2.3-fold longer than that of the monomer (1.8 h). Once reaching the tumor site, BL_Oc-SS-CPT gradually released CPT in the presence of excessive matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 and GSH in cancer cells. Importantly, BL_Oc-SS-CPT exhibited excellent in vivo tumor targeting capability and antitumor efficacy with benign toxicity profiles. Thus, the novel ETCPP dendrimer-based drug delivery system (e.g., BL_Oc-SS-CPT) represents a safe and effective strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bulian Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Huiting Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuyu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First People's Hospital of Pingjiang County, Yueyang 414500, China
| | - Siming Li
- Analytical Applications Center, Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd. Guangzhou Branch, 230 Gaotang Road, Guangzhou 510656, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou 510515, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wigner P, Grębowski R, Bijak M, Szemraj J, Saluk-Bijak J. The Molecular Aspect of Nephrolithiasis Development. Cells 2021; 10:1926. [PMID: 34440695 PMCID: PMC8393760 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Urolithiasis is the third most common urological disease after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases, and it is characterised by an occurrence rate of about 15%, which continues to rise. The increase in the incidence of kidney stones observed in recent decades, is most likely caused by modifications in dietary habits (high content of protein, sodium and sugar diet) and lifestyle (reduced physical activity) in all industrialised countries. Moreover, men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with kidney stones. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, angiogenesis, purine metabolism and urea cycle disorders may play a crucial role in nephrolithiasis development. Patients with urolithiasis were characterised by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the products of lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines as well as proangiogenic factors, compared to controls. Furthermore, it has been shown that deficiency and disorders of enzymes involved in purine metabolism and the urea cycle might be causes of deposit formation. ROS generation suggests that the course of kidney stones might be additionally potentiated by inflammation, purine metabolism and the urea cycle. On the other hand, ROS overproduction may induce activation of angiogenesis, and thus, allows deposit aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Radosław Grębowski
- Department of Urology, Provincial Integrated Hospital in Plock, Medyczna 19, 09-400 Plock, Poland;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 90-001 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Saluk-Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin Y, Zhang F, Zheng Z, Xiao Z, Yang Q, Gong N, Zhou J, Zuo D, Ai J. MMP-7 affects peritoneal ultrafiltration associated with elevated aquaporin-1 expression via MAPK/ERK pathway in peritoneal mesothelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6887-6898. [PMID: 34117704 PMCID: PMC8278116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal membrane dysfunction and the resulting ultrafiltration failure are the major disadvantages of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). It becomes increasingly clear that mesothelial cells play a vital role in the pathophysiological changes of the peritoneal membrane. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) function in the extracellular environment of cells and mediate extracellular matrix turnover during peritoneal membrane homeostasis. We showed here that dialysate MMP-7 levels markedly increased in the patients with PD, and the elevated MMP-7 level was negatively associated with peritoneal ultrafiltration volume. Interestingly, MMP-7 could regulate the cell osmotic pressure and volume of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Moreover, we provided the evidence that MMP-7 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) pathway and subsequently promoted the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) resulting in the change of cell osmotic pressure. Using a specific inhibitor of ERK pathway abrogated the MMP-7-mediating AQP-1 up-regulation and cellular homeostasis. In summary, all the findings indicate that MMP-7 could modulate the activity of peritoneal cavity during PD, and dialysate MMP-7 might be a non-invasive biomarker and an alternative therapeutic target for PD patients with ultrafiltration failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuojun Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomu Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nirong Gong
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ai
- Division of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mapping specificity, cleavage entropy, allosteric changes and substrates of blood proteases in a high-throughput screen. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1693. [PMID: 33727531 PMCID: PMC7966775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteases are among the largest protein families and critical regulators of biochemical processes like apoptosis and blood coagulation. Knowledge of proteases has been expanded by the development of proteomic approaches, however, technology for multiplexed screening of proteases within native environments is currently lacking behind. Here we introduce a simple method to profile protease activity based on isolation of protease products from native lysates using a 96FASP filter, their analysis in a mass spectrometer and a custom data analysis pipeline. The method is significantly faster, cheaper, technically less demanding, easy to multiplex and produces accurate protease fingerprints. Using the blood cascade proteases as a case study, we obtain protease substrate profiles that can be used to map specificity, cleavage entropy and allosteric effects and to design protease probes. The data further show that protease substrate predictions enable the selection of potential physiological substrates for targeted validation in biochemical assays. Characterizing proteases in their native environment is still challenging. Here, the authors develop a proteomics workflow for analyzing protease-specific peptides from cell lysates in 96-well format, providing mechanistic insights into blood proteases and enabling the prediction of protease substrates.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hardy E, Fernandez-Patron C. Targeting MMP-Regulation of Inflammation to Increase Metabolic Tolerance to COVID-19 Pathologies: A Hypothesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030390. [PMID: 33800947 PMCID: PMC7998259 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop no or only mild symptoms, but some can go on onto develop a spectrum of pathologies including pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, systemic inflammation, and multiorgan failure. Many pathogens, viral and non-viral, can elicit these pathologies, which justifies reconsidering whether the target of therapeutic approaches to fight pathogen infections should be (a) the pathogen itself, (b) the pathologies elicited by the pathogen interaction with the human host, or (c) a combination of both. While little is known about the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2, it is well-established that the above-mentioned pathologies are associated with hyper-inflammation, tissue damage, and the perturbation of target organ metabolism. Mounting evidence has shown that these processes are regulated by endoproteinases (particularly, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)). Here, we review what is known about the roles played by MMPs in the development of COVID-19 and postulate a mechanism by which MMPs could influence energy metabolism in target organs, such as the lung. Finally, we discuss the suitability of MMPs as therapeutic targets to increase the metabolic tolerance of the host to damage inflicted by the pathogen infection, with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Hardy
- Center for Molecular Immunology, 16040 Havana, Cuba
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (C.F.-P.)
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.H.); (C.F.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, French AT, Loughrey CM, Martin TP. Signalling pathways linking cysteine cathepsins to adverse cardiac remodelling. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109770. [PMID: 32891693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adverse cardiac remodelling clinically manifests as deleterious changes to heart architecture (size, mass and geometry) and function. These changes, which include alterations to ventricular wall thickness, chamber dilation and poor contractility, are important because they progressively drive patients with cardiac disease towards heart failure and are associated with poor prognosis. Cysteine cathepsins contribute to key signalling pathways involved in adverse cardiac remodelling including synthesis and degradation of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, impaired cardiomyocyte contractility and apoptosis. In this review, we highlight the role of cathepsins in these signalling pathways as well as their translational potential as therapeutic targets in cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O'Toole
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Anne T French
- Clinical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| | - Tamara P Martin
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Y, Liu W, Xu Q, Hu J, Zhang CY. Construction of a sensitive protease sensor with DNA-peptide conjugates for single-molecule detection of multiple matrix metalloproteinases. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Sorokin V, Vickneson K, Kofidis T, Woo CC, Lin XY, Foo R, Shanahan CM. Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Interactions in Vessel Wall Inflammation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599415. [PMID: 33324416 PMCID: PMC7726011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathobiology of atherosclerotic disease requires further elucidation to discover new approaches to address its high morbidity and mortality. To date, over 17 million cardiovascular-related deaths have been reported annually, despite a multitude of surgical and nonsurgical interventions and advances in medical therapy. Existing strategies to prevent disease progression mainly focus on management of risk factors, such as hypercholesterolemia. Even with optimum current medical therapy, recurrent cardiovascular events are not uncommon in patients with atherosclerosis, and their incidence can reach 10–15% per year. Although treatments targeting inflammation are under investigation and continue to evolve, clinical breakthroughs are possible only if we deepen our understanding of vessel wall pathobiology. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are one of the most abundant cells in vessel walls and have emerged as key players in disease progression. New technologies, including in situ hybridization proximity ligation assays, in vivo cell fate tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system and single-cell sequencing technology with spatial resolution, broaden our understanding of the complex biology of these intriguing cells. Our knowledge of contractile and synthetic VSMC phenotype switching has expanded to include macrophage-like and even osteoblast-like VSMC phenotypes. An increasing body of data suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and play a key role in cell-to-cell crosstalk with endothelial cells and immune cells during the complex process of inflammation. These are cells that sense, interact with and influence the behavior of other cellular components of the vessel wall. It is now more obvious that VSMC plasticity and the ability to perform nonprofessional phagocytic functions are key phenomena maintaining the inflammatory state and senescent condition and actively interacting with different immune competent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Sorokin
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keeran Vickneson
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Kofidis
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Cheng Woo
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Yun Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sarker H, Hardy E, Haimour A, Karim MA, Scholl-Bürgi S, Martignetti JA, Botto LD, Fernandez-Patron C. Comparative Serum Analyses Identify Cytokines and Hormones Commonly Dysregulated as Well as Implicated in Promoting Osteolysis in MMP-2-Deficient Mice and Children. Front Physiol 2020; 11:568718. [PMID: 33101055 PMCID: PMC7546215 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.568718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) causes a complex syndrome characterized by multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) as well as cardiac valve defects, dwarfism and hirsutism. MMP-2 deficient (Mmp2 -/-) mice are a model for this rare multisystem pediatric syndrome but their phenotype remains incompletely characterized. Here, we extend the phenotypic characterization of MMP-2 deficiency by comparing the levels of cytokines and chemokines, soluble cytokine receptors, angiogenesis factors, bone development factors, apolipoproteins and hormones in mice and humans. Initial screening was performed on an 8-year-old male presenting a previously unreported deletion mutation c1294delC (Arg432fs) in the MMP2 gene and diagnosed with MONA. Of eighty-one serum biomolecules analyzed, eleven were upregulated (>4-fold), two were downregulated (>4-fold) and sixty-eight remained unchanged, compared to unaffected controls. Specifically, Eotaxin, GM-CSF, M-CSF, GRO-α, MDC, IL-1β, IL-7, IL-12p40, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MIG were upregulated and epidermal growth factor (EGF) and ACTH were downregulated in this patient. Subsequent analysis of five additional MMP-2 deficient patients confirmed the upregulation in Eotaxin, IL-7, IL-12p40, and MIP-1α, and the downregulation in EGF. To establish whether these alterations are bona fide phenotypic traits of MMP-2 deficiency, we further studied Mmp2 -/- mice. Among 32 cytokines measured in plasma of Mmp2 -/- mice, the cytokines Eotaxin, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and MIG were commonly upregulated in mice as well as patients with MMP-2 deficiency. Moreover, bioactive cortisol (a factor that exacerbates osteoporosis) was also elevated in MMP-2 deficient mice and patients. Among the factors we have identified to be dysregulated in MMP-2 deficiency many are osteoclastogenic and could potentially contribute to bone disorder in MONA. These new molecular phenotypic traits merit being targeted in future research aimed at understanding the pathological mechanisms elicited by MMP-2 deficiency in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sarker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Ayman Haimour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mahmoud A Karim
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sabine Scholl-Bürgi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Martignetti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Rudy L. Ruggles Biomedical Research Institute, Nuvance Health, Danbury, CT, United States
| | - Lorenzo D Botto
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Selected Metal Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases as Potential Biomarkers for Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Children with Unilateral Hydronephrosis. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:9520309. [PMID: 32670438 PMCID: PMC7341387 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9520309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) may lead to the development of obstructive nephropathy (ON) and the impairment of kidney function. Hence, the identification of early biomarkers of this condition might be of assistance in therapeutic decisions. This study evaluates serum and urinary metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 as potential biomarkers of ON in children with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis (HN) caused by UPJO. Forty-five (45) children with congenital HN of different grades of severity and twenty-one (21) healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Urinary and serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were measured using specific ELISA kits. The urinary excretions were expressed as biomarker/creatinine (Cr) ratios. To evaluate the extracellular matrix remodelling process activity, the serum and urinary MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios were also calculated. In comparison with the controls, patients with HN, independent of the grade, showed significantly increased median serum MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2, median urinary MMP-9/Cr, and TIMP-2/Cr ratios. Lower median values of serum MMP-2/TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1 in patients with HN were also revealed. Additionally, higher urinary MMP-2/Cr, lower urinary MMP-2/TIMP-2, and lower serum MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios were observed in patients with HN grades 3 and 4. Patients with ON diagnosed by renal scintigraphy had a significantly higher median serum MMP-9 concentration and lower median serum MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios in comparison with those without this condition. Patients with nonglomerular proteinuria had a significantly higher median serum TIMP-1 concentration, a higher median urinary TIMP-2/Cr ratio, and a lower serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio compared to those without this symptom. The relationship between the measured biomarkers and the relative function of the obstructed kidney showed no correlations. The ROC curve analysis showed a promising diagnostic profile for the detection of ON for serum MMP-9 and the serum MMP-9/TIMP-1 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 ratios. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that patients with HN, particularly with grades 3 and 4, are at higher risk of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The noninvasive markers of this condition considered are urinary MMP-2/Cr and MMP-9/Cr, serum MMP-9, serum and urinary MMP-2, MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2. Additionally, serum MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1, -2 may become promising markers of ON.
Collapse
|
23
|
Identification of Hub Genes Related to Carcinogenesis and Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Based on Integrated Bioinformatics. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:5934821. [PMID: 32351322 PMCID: PMC7171686 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5934821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and the limitations of conventional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage emphasized the necessity of exploring hub genes closely related to carcinogenesis and prognosis in CRC. The study is aimed at identifying hub genes associated with carcinogenesis and prognosis for CRC. We identified and validated 212 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from six Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We investigated functional enrichment analysis for DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and hub modules and genes in CRC carcinogenesis were extracted. A prognostic signature was developed and validated based on Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The DEGs mainly regulated biological processes covering response to stimulus, metabolic process, and affected molecular functions containing protein binding and catalytic activity. The DEGs played important roles in CRC-related pathways involving in preneoplastic lesions, carcinogenesis, metastasis, and poor prognosis. Hub genes closely related to CRC carcinogenesis were extracted including six genes in model 1 (CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL8, CXCL11, NMU, and PPBP) and two genes and Metallothioneins (MTs) in model 2 (SLC26A3 and SLC30A10). Among them, CXCL8 was also related to prognosis. An eight-gene signature was proposed comprising AMH, WBSCR28, SFTA2, MYH2, POU4F1, SIX4, PGPEP1L, and PAX5. The study identified hub genes in CRC carcinogenesis and proposed an eight-gene signature with good reproducibility and robustness at the molecular level for CRC, which might provide directive significance for treatment selection and survival prediction.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu B, Granville DJ, Golledge J, Kassiri Z. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H652-H670. [PMID: 32083977 PMCID: PMC7099451 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison Wisconsin
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre and University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital and Health Services, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- University of Alberta, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matrix Metalloproteinases Retain Soluble FasL-mediated Resistance to Cell Death in Fibrotic-Lung Myofibroblasts. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020411. [PMID: 32053892 PMCID: PMC7072292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of obstructed tissue regeneration following injury in general, and fibrotic lung tissue in particular, is fibroblast proliferation and accumulation. The Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway has been shown to be involved in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in rodents. We previously showed that in normal injury repair, myofibroblasts' accumulation is followed by their decline by FasL+ T cell-induced cell death. In pathological lung fibrosis, myofibroblasts resist cell death and accumulate. Like other members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, membrane-bound FasL can be cleaved from the cell surface to generate a soluble form (sFasL). Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to convert the membrane-bound form of FasL to sFasL. MMP-7 knockout (KO) mice were shown to be protected from bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis. In this study, we detected increased levels of sFasL in their blood serum, as in the lungs of patients with IPF, and IPF-lung myofibroblast culture medium. In this study, using an MMP-inhibitor, we showed that sFasL is decreased in cultures of IPF-lung myofibroblasts and BLM-treated lung myofibroblasts, and in the blood serum of MMP-7KO mice. Moreover, resistant fibrotic-lung myofibroblasts, from the lungs of humans with IPF and of BLM-treated mice, became susceptible to T-cell induced cell death in a co-culture following MMP-inhibition- vs. control-treatment or BLM-treated MMP-7KO vs. wild-type mice, respectively. sFasL may be an unrecognized mechanism for MMP-7-mediated decreased tissue regeneration following injury and the evolution of lung fibrosis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020472. [PMID: 32046355 PMCID: PMC7073625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The hallmark of the pathogenesis of DKD is an increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation causing thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes, mesangial expansion, sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) family are composed of zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the degradation and hydrolysis of ECM components. Several MMPs are expressed in the kidney; nephron compartments, vasculature and connective tissue. Given their important role in DKD, several studies have been performed in patients with DKD proposing that the measurement of their activity in serum or in urine may become in the future markers of early DKD. Studies from diabetic nephropathy experimental models suggest that a balance between MMPs levels and their inhibitors is needed to maintain renal homeostasis. This review focuses in the importance of the MMPs within the kidney and their modifications at the circulation, kidney and urine in patients with DKD. We also cover the most important studies performed in experimental models of diabetes in terms of MMPs levels, renal expression and its down-regulation effect.
Collapse
|
27
|
The Connection of Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Oxidative Stress. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/sjecr-2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease considered by the World Health Organization to be an epidemic, is now recognized as one of the factors behind the onset of periodontal disease. The connection between periodontal disease, which is an irreversible inflammatory disease of the supporting tissue of the teeth, and systemic diseases is reflected in the existence of common risk factors, subgingival dental biofilm, as a constant source of proinflamma-tory cytokines synthesized intensely in inflammatory periodontium. Diabetes mellitus leads to increased oxidative stress in periodontal tissues causing worsening of the disease and periodontopathy exacerbates deficiency of pancreatic β-cells. The most important role in primary inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of periodontopathy is played by neutrophils. Neutrophils cause periodontium destruction by the release of enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases), cytotoxic substances (free radicals, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) and the expression of membrane receptors. Matrix metalloproteinases within the “protease network” are critical to many physiological and pathological processes, including immunity, inflammation, bone resorption and wound healing. Matrix metalloproteinases levels are elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, which may contribute to more frequent complications. In this paper, the review of available literature data shows the correlation between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus, as well as the role of matrix metalloproteinases and oxidative stress in these. In this regard, determining the value of matrix metalloproteinases may be helpful in the diagnosis of periodontal disease complicated by diabetes mellitus. Also, the parameters of oxidative stress could help to clarify the mechanisms of pathogenesis and etiology of periodontal disease, or indicate the potential benefit of antioxidant supplementation in these individuals. As the role of matrix metalloproteinases has not been fully clarified in the pathogenesis of periodontopathy, additional studies will be needed to indicate their importance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Metalloproteases: On the Watch in the Hematopoietic Niche. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:1053-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Ehrhardt K, Steck N, Kappelhoff R, Stein S, Rieder F, Gordon IO, Boyle EC, Braubach P, Overall CM, Finlay BB, Grassl GA. Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1629-1643. [PMID: 31066456 PMCID: PMC6749888 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear. METHODS Chronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases. RESULTS Mice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stein
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Present affiliation: Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Address correspondence to: Guntram A. Grassl, PhD, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ()
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cerofolini L, Fragai M, Luchinat C. Mechanism and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:2609-2633. [PMID: 29589527 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180326163523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases hydrolyze proteins and glycoproteins forming the extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors released in the extracellular space, and membrane-bound receptors on the outer cell membrane. The pathological relevance of MMPs has prompted the structural and functional characterization of these enzymes and the development of synthetic inhibitors as possible drug candidates. Recent studies have provided a better understanding of the substrate preference of the different members of the family, and structural data on the mechanism by which these enzymes hydrolyze the substrates. Here, we report the recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanism of collagenolysis and elastolysis, and we discuss the perspectives of new therapeutic strategies for targeting MMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cerofolini
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco Fragai
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (CIRMMP), Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li J, Chen L, Su H, Yan L, Gu Z, Chen Z, Zhang A, Zhao F, Zhao Y. The pharmaceutical multi-activity of metallofullerenol invigorates cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14528-14539. [PMID: 31364651 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04129j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, cancer continues to afflict humanity. The direct destruction and killing of tumor cells by surgery, radiation and chemotherapy gives rise to many side effects and compromised efficacy. Encouragingly, the rapid development of nanotechnology offers attractive opportunities to revolutionize the current situation of cancer therapy. Metallofullerenol Gd@C82(OH)22, in contrast to chemotherapeutics that directly kill tumor cells, demonstrates anti-tumor behavior with high efficiency and low toxicity by modulating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, Gd@C82(OH)22 has been recently reported to specifically target cancer stem cells. In this review, we give a concise introduction to the development of the fullerene family and then report the anti-tumor activity of Gd@C82(OH)22 based on its unique physicochemical characteristics, followed by a comprehensive summary of the anti-tumor biological mechanisms which target different components of the tumor microenvironment as well as the biodistribution and toxicity of Gd@C82(OH)22. Finally, we describe Gd@C82(OH)22 as a "particulate medicine" to highlight its distinctions from conventional "molecular medicine", with considerable emphasis on the advantages of nanomedicine. The in-depth investigation of Gd@C82(OH)22 undoubtedly provides a constructive reference for the development of other nanomedicines, especially in the fullerene family. The application of nanotechnology in the medical field definitely provides a promising and favorable future for improving the current status of cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maola K, Wilbs J, Touati J, Sabisz M, Kong X, Baumann A, Deyle K, Heinis C. Engineered Peptide Macrocycles Can Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases with High Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Maola
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jonas Wilbs
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Touati
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michal Sabisz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Xu‐Dong Kong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alice Baumann
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kaycie Deyle
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Maola K, Wilbs J, Touati J, Sabisz M, Kong XD, Baumann A, Deyle K, Heinis C. Engineered Peptide Macrocycles Can Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases with High Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11801-11805. [PMID: 31251434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases at the intersection of health and disease due to their involvement in processes such as tissue repair and immunity as well as cancer and inflammation. Because of the high structural conservation in the catalytic domains and shallow substrate binding sites, selective, small-molecule inhibitors of MMPs have remained elusive. In a tour-de-force peptide engineering approach combining phage-display selections, rational design of enhanced zinc chelation, and d-amino acid screening, we succeeded in developing a first synthetic MMP-2 inhibitor that combines high potency (Ki =1.9±0.5 nm), high target selectivity, and proteolytic stability, and thus fulfills all the required qualities for in cell culture and in vivo application. Our work suggests that selective MMP inhibition is achievable with peptide macrocycles and paves the way for developing specific inhibitors for application as chemical probes and potentially therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khan Maola
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Wilbs
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Touati
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Sabisz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xu-Dong Kong
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alice Baumann
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kaycie Deyle
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Heinis
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee KB, Dunn Z, Ge X. Reducing proteolytic liability of a MMP-14 inhibitory antibody by site-saturation mutagenesis. Protein Sci 2019; 28:643-653. [PMID: 30592555 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Playing pivotal roles in tumor growth and metastasis, matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) is an important cancer target. Potent inhibitory Fab 3A2 with therapy-desired high selectivity has been isolated from a synthetic antibody library carrying long CDR-H3s. However, like many standard mechanism protease inhibitors, Fab 3A2 can be cleaved by high concentrations of MMP-14 after extended incubation at acidic pH. Edman sequencing of generated 3A2 fragments indicated that cleavage occurred within its CDR-H3 between residues N100h (P1) and L100i (P1'). To improve proteolytic stability of 3A2, three positions adjacent to its cleavage site (P1, P1', and P3') were subjected to site-saturation mutagenesis (SSM). Mutations at P1' (L100i) resulted in loss of inhibition function, while screening of 3A2 Fab mutants at P1 (N100h) or P3' (A100k) positions identified four clones exhibiting improvements in both stability and inhibition potency. The majority of these mutants with improved stability were substitutions to either hydrophobic (Lue, Trp) or basic residues (Arg, Lys, His). Combinations of these beneficial mutations resulted in a double mutant N100hR/A100kR, which prolonged half-life twofold with an inhibition potency KI of 6.6 nM. Enzyme kinetics and competitive ELISA suggested that N100hR/A100kR was a competitive inhibitor overlapping its binding epitope with that of nTIMP-2. This study demonstrated that site-directed mutagenesis at or near the cleavage position reduced proteolytic liability of standard mechanism protease inhibitors especially inhibitory antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Zachary Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, 92521
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fernandez-Godino R, Bujakowska KM, Pierce EA. Changes in extracellular matrix cause RPE cells to make basal deposits and activate the alternative complement pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:147-159. [PMID: 29095988 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of efficient therapies for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is limited by our understanding of the pathogenesis of basal deposits, which form between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BrM) early in disease, and involve activation of the complement system. To investigate the roles of BrM, RPE and complement in an AMD, we generated abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) using CRISPR-edited ARPE-19 cells. We introduced to these cells the p.R345W mutation in EFEMP1, which causes early-onset macular degeneration. The abnormal ECM binds active complement C3 and causes the formation of basal deposits by normal human fetal (hf)RPE cells. Human fetal RPE (hfRPE) cells grown on abnormal ECM or BrM explants from AMD donors show chronic activation of the alternative complement pathway by excessive deposition of C3b. This process is exacerbated by impaired ECM turnover via increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. The local cleavage of C3 via convertase-independent mechanisms can be a new therapeutic target for early AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Fernandez-Godino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Ocular Genomics Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kinga M Bujakowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Ocular Genomics Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Ocular Genomics Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kirchhain A, Poma N, Salvo P, Tedeschi L, Melai B, Vivaldi F, Bonini A, Franzini M, Caponi L, Tavanti A, Di Francesco F. Biosensors for measuring matrix metalloproteinases: An emerging research field. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
37
|
Weisenberger MS, Deans TL. Bottom-up approaches in synthetic biology and biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:599-614. [PMID: 29552703 PMCID: PMC6041164 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic biologists use engineering principles to design and construct genetic circuits for programming cells with novel functions. A bottom-up approach is commonly used to design and construct genetic circuits by piecing together functional modules that are capable of reprogramming cells with novel behavior. While genetic circuits control cell operations through the tight regulation of gene expression, a diverse array of environmental factors within the extracellular space also has a significant impact on cell behavior. This extracellular space offers an addition route for synthetic biologists to apply their engineering principles to program cell-responsive modules within the extracellular space using biomaterials. In this review, we discuss how taking a bottom-up approach to build genetic circuits using DNA modules can be applied to biomaterials for controlling cell behavior from the extracellular milieu. We suggest that, by collectively controlling intrinsic and extrinsic signals in synthetic biology and biomaterials, tissue engineering outcomes can be improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara L Deans
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fernandez-Godino R, Pierce EA. C3a triggers formation of sub-retinal pigment epithelium deposits via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9679. [PMID: 29946065 PMCID: PMC6018664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that connect complement system activation and basal deposit formation in early stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are insufficiently understood, which complicates the design of efficient therapies to prevent disease progression. Using human fetal (hf) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, we have established an in vitro model to investigate the effect of complement C3a on RPE cells and its role in the formation of sub-RPE deposits. The results of these studies revealed that C3a produced after C3 activation is sufficient to induce the formation of sub-RPE deposits via complement-driven proteasome inhibition. C3a binds the C3a receptor (C3aR), stimulates deposition of collagens IV and VI underneath the RPE, and impairs the extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover by increased MMP-2 activity, all mediated by downregulation of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). The formation of basal deposits can be prevented by the addition of a C3aR antagonist, which restores the UPP activity and ECM turnover. These findings indicate that the cell-based model can be used to test potential therapeutic agents in vitro. The data suggest that modulation of C3aR-mediated events could be a therapeutic approach for treatment of early AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Fernandez-Godino
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liphardt AM, Mündermann A, Andriacchi TP, Achtzehn S, Heer M, Mester J. Sensitivity of serum concentration of cartilage biomarkers to 21-days of bed rest. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1465-1471. [PMID: 29077223 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) would decrease and serum levels of tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) would increase in response to bed rest (BR) and that these changes are unaffected by the intake of potassium bicarbonate or whey protein. Seven and nine healthy male subjects participated in two 21-day 6° head down tilt crossover BR-studies with nutrition interventions. Serum samples were taken before, during, and after BR and biomarker concentrations were measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. MMP-3 during BR was significantly lower than at baseline (reduction greater 20%; p < 0.001). MMP-3 increased significantly from 14 to 21 days of BR (+7%; p = 0.049). COMP during BR was significantly lower than at baseline (reduction greater 20%; p < 0.001). MMP-3 and COMP returned to baseline within 1 day after BR. MMP-9 on day 3 of BR was significantly lower than at baseline (-31%; p < 0.033) and on days 3, 5, and 14 of BR significantly lower than at the end of and after BR (reduction greater 35%; p < 0.030). The nutritional countermeasures did not affect these results. The observed changes in cartilage biomarkers may be caused by altered cartilage metabolism in response to the lack of mechanical stimulus during BR and inflammatory biomarkers may play a role in changes in biomarker levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immobilization independently from injury can cause altered cartilage biomarker concentration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1465-1471, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Liphardt
- German Sport University Cologne (DSHS Köln), Training Science and Sport Informatics, Köln, Germany.,German Sport University Cologne (DSHS Köln), Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, Köln, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum, Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Andriacchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University,, Stanford, California
| | - Silvia Achtzehn
- German Sport University Cologne (DSHS Köln), Training Science and Sport Informatics, Köln, Germany
| | - Martina Heer
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Mester
- German Sport University Cologne (DSHS Köln), Training Science and Sport Informatics, Köln, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khaper N, Bailey CDC, Ghugre NR, Reitz C, Awosanmi Z, Waines R, Martino TA. Implications of disturbances in circadian rhythms for cardiovascular health: A new frontier in free radical biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:85-92. [PMID: 29146117 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell autonomous circadian "clock" mechanisms are present in virtually every organ, and generate daily rhythms that are important for normal physiology. This is especially relevant to the cardiovascular system, for example the circadian mechanism orchestrates rhythms in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, metabolism, gene and protein abundance over the 24-h day and night cycles. Conversely, disturbing circadian rhythms (e.g. via shift work, sleep disorders) increases cardiovascular disease risk, and exacerbates cardiac remodelling and worsens outcome. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to heart disease, especially the pathophysiologic damage that occurs after myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack). However, little is known about how the circadian mechanism, or rhythm desynchrony, is involved in these key pathologic stress responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system, and the implications of rhythm disturbances for cardiovascular health. Furthermore, we highlight how free radical biology coincides with the pathogenesis of myocardial repair and remodelling after MI, and indicate a role for the circadian system in the oxidative stress pathways in the heart and brain after MI. This fusion of circadian biology with cardiac oxidative stress pathways is novel, and offers enormous potential for improving our understanding and treatment of heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B5E1
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Zikra Awosanmi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Ryan Waines
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bieniaś B, Sikora P. Urinary metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as potential early biomarkers for renal fibrosis in children with nephrotic syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9964. [PMID: 29465592 PMCID: PMC5841961 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic glomerulopathies, renal fibrosis (RF) results from extracellular matrix remodeling processes regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP). We assessed urinary (u-) and serum (s-) MMP-1, -2, -9, TIMP-1, -2 concentrations and MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1, -2 ratios in children with nephrotic syndrome. Steroid-dependent and steroid-resistant nephrotic patients (SDNS-Ps and SRNS-Ps, respectively) were compared with respect to measured parameters. The correlations of measured parameters with magnitude of proteinuria and histopathological diagnosis were determined.The study comprised of 39 children with nephrotic syndrome and 20 healthy controls. Twenty-three patients had SDNS and 16 ones-SRNS. The concentrations MMPs and TIMPs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In nephrotic patients, higher u-MMP-1, -2, -9/creatinine ratios and u-TIMP-1, -2/creatinine ratios were observed as compared with controls. Nephrotic children were also characterized by lower MMP-1, -2, -9/TIMP-1 ratios. In SRNS-Ps, u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and u-TIMP-1/creatinine ratio were higher as compared with SDNS-Ps. Magnitude of proteinuria correlated positively with u-MMP-2/creatinine ratio and negatively with u-MMP-2/TIMP-1. In minimal change disease (MCD) patients as compared with those with other glomerulopathies, there was higher u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio. No significant differences in s-MMPs, s-TIMPs, and s-MMPs/TIMPs ratios between nephrotic patients and controls were observed.Children with nephrotic syndrome are characterized by increased u-fibrotic biomarkers excretions. U-MMP-1, -2, -9 excretions and u-MMP-2/TIMP-1 ratio may become potential early biomarkers for RF. SRNS-Ps, those with heavier proteinuria and other than MCD glomerulopathies, seem to be more susceptible to early RF.
Collapse
|
42
|
Nam DH, Lee KB, Ge X. Functional Production of Catalytic Domains of Human MMPs in Escherichia coli Periplasm. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1731:65-72. [PMID: 29318544 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7595-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Due to their central roles in tumor growth and invasion, milligram-level amounts of active MMPs are frequently required for cancer research and development of chemical or biological MMP inhibitors. Here we describe methods for functional production of catalytic domains of MMPs (cdMMPs) in E. coli periplasm without refolding or activation process. We demonstrate applications of this straightforward approach for cdMMP-9, cdMMP-14, and cdMMP-14 mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Inhibiting individual MMPs of biomedical importance with high selectivity is critical for both fundamental research and therapy development. Here we describe the methods for discovery of inhibitory monoclonal antibodies from synthetic human antibody phage display libraries carrying convex paratopes encoded by long complementarity-determining region (CDR)-H3 segments. We demonstrate the application of this technique for isolation of highly specific and potent antibody inhibitors of human MMP-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Molecular Determinants of Malignant Brain Cancers: From Intracellular Alterations to Invasion Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122774. [PMID: 29261132 PMCID: PMC5751372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma cells invade the surrounding brain parenchyma, by migrating along the blood vessels, thus promoting cancer growth. The biological bases of these activities are grounded in profound alterations of the metabolism and the structural organization of the cells, which consequently acquire the ability to modify the surrounding microenvironment, by altering the extracellular matrix and affecting the properties of the other cells present in the brain, such as normal glial-, endothelial- and immune-cells. Most of the effects on the surrounding environment are probably exerted through the release of a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain many different classes of molecules, from genetic material to defined species of lipids and enzymes. EV-associated molecules can be either released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and/or transferred to neighboring cells: as a consequence, both deep modifications of the recipient cell phenotype and digestion of ECM components are obtained, thus causing cancer propagation, as well as a general brain dysfunction. In this review, we first analyze the main intracellular and extracellular transformations required for glioma cell invasion into the brain parenchyma; then we discuss how these events may be attributed, at least in part, to EVs that, like the pawns of a dramatic chess game with cancer, open the way to the tumor cells themselves.
Collapse
|
45
|
Metalloproteinases in atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Mündermann A, Klenk C, Billich C, Nüesch C, Pagenstert G, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Schütz U. Changes in Cartilage Biomarker Levels During a Transcontinental Multistage Footrace Over 4486 km. Am J Sports Med 2017. [PMID: 28650691 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517712945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage turnover and load-induced tissue changes are frequently assessed by quantifying concentrations of cartilage biomarkers in serum. To date, information on the effects of ultramarathon running on articular cartilage is scarce. HYPOTHESIS Serum concentrations of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, COL2-3/4C long mono (C2C), procollagen type II C-terminal propeptide (CPII), and C2C:CPII will increase throughout a multistage ultramarathon. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 36 runners (4 female; mean age, 49.0 ± 10.7 years; mean body mass index, 23.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2 [start] and 21.4 ± 1.9 kg/m2 [finish]) before (t0) and during (t1: 1002 km; t2: 2132 km; t3: 3234 km; t4: 4039 km) a 4486-km multistage ultramarathon. Serum COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, C2C, and CPII levels were assessed using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Linear mixed models were used to detect significant changes in serum biomarker levels over time with the time-varying covariates of body weight, running speed, and daily running time. RESULTS Serum concentrations of COMP, MMP-9, and MMP-3 changed significantly throughout the multistage ultramarathon. On average, concentrations increased during the first measurement interval (MI1: t1-t0) by 22.5% for COMP (95% CI, 0.29-0.71 ng/mL), 22.3% for MMP-3 (95% CI, 0.24-15.37 ng/mL), and 95.6% for MMP-9 (95% CI, 81.7-414.5 ng/mL) and remained stable throughout MI2, MI3, and MI4. Serum concentrations of MMP-1, C2C, CPII, and C2C:CPII did not change significantly throughout the multistage ultramarathon. Changes in MMP-3 were statistically associated with changes in COMP throughout the ultramarathon race (MMP-3: Wald Z = 3.476, P = .001). CONCLUSION Elevated COMP levels indicate increased COMP turnover in response to extreme running, and the association between load-induced changes in MMP-3 and changes in COMP suggests the possibility that MMP-3 may be involved in the degradation of COMP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest that articular cartilage is able to adapt even to extreme physical activity, possibly explaining why the risk of degenerative joint disease is not elevated in the running population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annegret Mündermann
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Billich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Geert Pagenstert
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Schütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Orthopaedic and Pain Outpatient Center "Am Grünen Turm," Ravensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Q, Michaud M, Shankar R, Canosa S, Schwartz M, Madri JA. MMP-2: A modulator of neuronal precursor activity and cognitive and motor behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2017; 333:74-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
48
|
Yu Z, Zhou L, Zhang T, Shen R, Li C, Fang X, Griffiths G, Liu J. Sensitive Detection of MMP9 Enzymatic Activities in Single Cell-Encapsulated Microdroplets as an Assay of Cancer Cell Invasiveness. ACS Sens 2017; 2:626-634. [PMID: 28723167 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are typically up-regulated in cancer cells, and play a critical role in assisting metastasis by the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. Here we report an effective strategy for cell invasiveness assay by integrating MMP9 functional activity analysis with single cell-encapsulated microdroplets. A flow focusing capillary microfluidic device has been assembled using "off-the-shelf" fluidic components for high-throughput generation of microdroplets. Tumor cells, MMP9 specific peptides, and other cofactors can be loaded into the device and encapsulated into individual droplets as dynamic microreactors for proteolytic cleavage of the substrate. This design allows for rapid and robust detection of MMP9 enzymatic activities by fluorescent signals in a few minutes. It represents the first demonstration of quantifying MMP9 enzymatic activities at the single cell level with a high throughput performance. This new technique promises functional evaluation of cancer cell invasiveness for important diagnostic or prognostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Rui Shen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Xu Fang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Imagen Therapeutics Ltd, Suite
4D Citylabs, Nelson Street, Manchester M13 9NQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The Role of Interleukin-18, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6050055. [PMID: 28531131 PMCID: PMC5447946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of interleukins (ILs) and oxidative stress (OS) in precipitating neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), requires further clarification. In addition to neuropathological hallmarks-extracellular neuritic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau and neuronal loss-chronic inflammation, as well as oxidative and excitotoxic damage, are present in the AD brain. The pathological sequelae and the interaction of these events during the course of AD need further investigation. The brain is particularly sensitive to OS, due to the richness of its peroxidation-sensitive fatty acids, coupled with its high oxygen demand. At the same time, the brain lack robust antioxidant systems. Among the multiple mechanisms and triggers by which OS can accumulate, inflammatory cytokines can sustain oxidative and nitrosative stress, leading eventually to cellular damage. Understanding the consequences of inflammation and OS may clarify the initial events underlying AD, including in interaction with genetic factors. Inflammatory cytokines are potential inducers of aberrant gene expression through transcription factors. Susceptibility disorders for AD, including obesity, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome have been linked to increases in the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-18, which also regulates multiple AD related proteins. The association of IL-18 with AD and AD-linked medical conditions are reviewed in the article. Such data indicates that an active lifestyle, coupled to a healthy diet can ameliorate inflammation and reduce the risk of sporadic AD.
Collapse
|
50
|
Jobin PG, Butler GS, Overall CM. New intracellular activities of matrix metalloproteinases shine in the moonlight. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2043-2055. [PMID: 28526562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adaption of a single protein to perform multiple independent functions facilitates functional plasticity of the proteome allowing a limited number of protein-coding genes to perform a multitude of cellular processes. Multifunctionality is achievable by post-translational modifications and by modulating subcellular localization. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), classically viewed as degraders of the extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for matrix protein turnover, are more recently recognized as regulators of a range of extracellular bioactive molecules including chemokines, cytokines, and their binders. However, growing evidence has convincingly identified select MMPs in intracellular compartments with unexpected physiological and pathological roles. Intracellular MMPs have both proteolytic and non-proteolytic functions, including signal transduction and transcription factor activity thereby challenging their traditional designation as extracellular proteases. This review highlights current knowledge of subcellular location and activity of these "moonlighting" MMPs. Intracellular roles herald a new era of MMP research, rejuvenating interest in targeting these proteases in therapeutic strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Jobin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Georgina S Butler
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|