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Yan LJ, Y. Lau AT, Xu YM. The regulation of microRNAs on chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer: a recent update. Epigenomics 2024; 16:571-587. [PMID: 38639712 PMCID: PMC11160456 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has negative expressions of ER, PR and HER2. Due to the insensitivity to both endocrine therapy and HER2-targeted therapy, the main treatment method for TNBC is cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, the curative effect of chemotherapy is limited because of the existence of acquired or intrinsic multidrug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in malignant tumors and involved in tumor occurrence and progression. Interestingly, growing studies show that miRNAs are involved in chemoresistance in TNBC. Thus, targeting dysregulated miRNAs could be a plausible way for better treatment of TNBC. Here, we present the updated knowledge of miRNAs associated with chemoresistance in TNBC, which may be helpful for the early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Yan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Andy T. Y. Lau
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology & Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
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2
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Ahuja S, Zaheer S. Multifaceted TGF-β signaling, a master regulator: From bench-to-bedside, intricacies, and complexities. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:87-127. [PMID: 37859532 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Physiological embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis are regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an evolutionarily conserved family of secreted polypeptide factors, acting in an autocrine and paracrine manner. The role of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer is complex and sometimes even contradictory, exhibiting either inhibitory or promoting effects depending on the stage of the disease. Under pathological conditions, especially fibrosis and cancer, overexpressed TGF-β causes extracellular matrix deposition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer-associated fibroblast formation, and/or angiogenesis. In this review article, we have tried to dive deep into the mechanism of action of TGF-β in inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. As TGF-β and its downstream signaling mechanism are implicated in fibrosis and carcinogenesis blocking this signaling mechanism appears to be a promising avenue. However, targeting TGF-β carries substantial risk as this pathway is implicated in multiple homeostatic processes and is also known to have tumor-suppressor functions. There is a need for careful dosing of TGF-β drugs for therapeutic use and patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sufian Zaheer
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Prabhakar A, Hu S, Tang J, Ghatpande P, Lagna G, Jiang X, Hata A. Essential role of the amino-terminal region of Drosha for the Microprocessor function. iScience 2023; 26:107971. [PMID: 37810246 PMCID: PMC10558778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosha is a core component of the Microprocessor complex that cleaves primary-microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) to generate precursor-miRNA and regulates the expression of ∼80 ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Despite the fact that mutations in the amino-terminal region of Drosha (Drosha-NTR) are associated with a vascular disorder, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, the precise function of Drosha-NTR remains unclear. By deleting exon 5 from the Drosha gene and generating a Drosha mutant lacking the NTR (ΔN), we demonstrate that ΔN is unable to process pri-miRNAs, which leads to a global miRNA depletion, except for the miR-183/96/182 cluster. We find that Argonaute 2 facilitates the processing of the pri-miR-183/96/182 in ΔN cells. Unlike full-length Drosha, ΔN is not degraded under serum starvation, resulting in unregulated RP biogenesis and protein synthesis in ΔN cells, allowing them to evade growth arrest. This study reveals the essential role of Drosha-NTR in miRNA production and nutrient-dependent translational control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Prabhakar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Song Hu
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, P.R.China
| | - Jin Tang
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, P.R.China
| | - Prajakta Ghatpande
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Giorgio Lagna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xuan Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou 511400, P.R.China
| | - Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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4
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Zhang J, Sun S, Mao Y, Qiao G, Li Q. Identification and analysis of differentially expressed microRNAs in gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio responding to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100083. [PMID: 36660301 PMCID: PMC9842694 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) is a synthesized analogue of viral double-strand RNA and considered as a potential immunostimulant in aquaculture. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the development of the immune system and in regulation of host antiviral responses. In our earlier study, it was found that poly I:C pre-treatment could stimulate the resistance against cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) infection and enhance the antiviral immune response in gibel carp. To understand the role of miRNAs in regulating the host response to poly I:C treatment, we investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs in the head kidney of poly I:C-treated gibel carp with small RNA sequencing technology. When compared with the untreated group, a total of 24 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the poly I:C-stimulated fish, among which, 7 and 17 miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Analysis of target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs found that most targeted mRNAs were involved in catalytic activity, peptidase activity and endopeptidase activity, and were enriched in the metabolic, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways, suggesting that poly I:C could alter the expression of metabolism-related miRNAs in the kidney of gibel carp. Besides, it was noted that some immune-related miRNAs, including inflammation-related miRNAs (miR-192 and miR-731) and interferon-related miRNAs (miR-194a and miR-122), were downregulated after poly I:C treatment. In summary, it was found that poly I:C could regulate the cellular levels of specific miRNAs involved in metabolism and immune responses in the head kidney of gibel carp, which may increase the capacity of the immune cells to fight against pathogens infection.
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Piperigkou Z, Karamanos NK. Evaluating the Effects of MicroRNAs on Proteoglycans and Matrix Constituents' Expression and Functional Properties. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:257-271. [PMID: 36662476 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) possess significant roles in normal homeostasis and disease conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, inflammatory response, and cancer. Secreted miRNAs, via the membrane vesicles, actively communicate with extracellular matrix (ECM) components to affect cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, thereby affecting matrix remodeling and metabolic pathways in the recipient cells. Matrix macromolecules regulate the expression of miRNAs, and in turn miRNAs have been identified as emerging mediators of matrix constituents, serving as appealing biomarkers for many pathophysiological processes. Therefore, the expression profile of certain miRNAs highlights the importance of their targeting in several aspects of human pathologies. In this chapter, we report molecular biology protocols to determine the effects of selected miRNAs on the expression and activity of matrix biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece.
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6
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Therapeutic Implications of microRNAs in Depressive Disorders: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113530. [PMID: 36362315 PMCID: PMC9658840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are hidden players in complex psychophysical phenomena such as depression and anxiety related disorders though the activation and deactivation of multiple proteins in signaling cascades. Depression is classified as a mood disorder and described as feelings of sadness, loss, or anger that interfere with a person’s everyday activities. In this review, we have focused on exploration of the significant role of miRNAs in depression by affecting associated target proteins (cellular and synaptic) and their signaling pathways which can be controlled by the attachment of miRNAs at transcriptional and translational levels. Moreover, miRNAs have potential role as biomarkers and may help to cure depression through involvement and interactions with multiple pharmacological and physiological therapies. Taken together, miRNAs might be considered as promising novel therapy targets themselves and may interfere with currently available antidepressant treatments.
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Piperigkou Z, Tzaferi K, Makrokanis G, Cheli K, Karamanos NK. The microRNA-cell surface proteoglycan axis in cancer progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C825-C832. [PMID: 35294845 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00041.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans consist one of the major extracellular matrix class of biomolecules that demonstrate nodal roles in cancer progression. Μodern diagnostic and therapeutic approaches include proteoglycan detection and pharmacological targeting in various cancers. Proteoglycans orchestrate critical signaling pathways for cancer development and progression through dynamic interactions with matrix components. It is well established that the epigenetic signatures of cancer cells play critical role in guiding their functional properties and metastatic potential. Secreted microRNAs (miRNAs) reside in a complex network with matrix proteoglycans, thus affecting cell-cell and cell-matrix communication. This mini-review aims to highlight current knowledge on the proteoglycan-mediated signaling cascades that regulate miRNA biogenesis in cancer. Moreover, the miRNA-mediated proteoglycan regulation during cancer progression and mechanistic aspects on the way that proteoglycans affect miRNA expression are presented. Recent advances on the role of cell surface proteoglycans in exosome biogenesis and miRNA packaging and expression are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Tzaferi
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George Makrokanis
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konsatntina Cheli
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemical Analysis and Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
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MiRNA-29b and miRNA-497 Modulate the Expression of Carboxypeptidase X Member 2, a Candidate Gene Associated with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042263. [PMID: 35216380 PMCID: PMC8880112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events. Recently, a novel candidate gene encoding the carboxypeptidase X member 2 (CPXM2) was found to be associated with hypertension-induced LVH. CPXM2 belongs to the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases, yet it lacks detectable enzyme activity, and its function remains unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of micro (mi)RNA-29b, miRNA-195, and miRNA-497 on the posttranscriptional expression control of CPXM2. Candidate miRNAs for CPXM2 expression control were identified in silico. CPXM2 expression in rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) was characterized via real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Direct miRNA/target mRNA interaction was analysed by dual luciferase assay. CPXM2 was expressed in H9C2 and co-localised with z-disc associated protein PDZ and LIM domain 3 (Pdlim3). Transfection of H9C2 with miRNA-29b, miRNA-195, and miRNA-497 led to decreased levels of CPXM2 mRNA and protein, respectively. Results of dual luciferase assays revealed that miRNA-29b and miRNA-497, but not miRNA-195, directly regulated CPXM2 expression on a posttranscriptional level via binding to the 3′UTR of CPXM2 mRNA. We identified two miRNAs capable of the direct posttranscriptional expression control of CPXM2 expression in rat cardiomyocytes. This novel data may help to shed more light on the—so far—widely unexplored expression control of CPXM2 and its potential role in LVH.
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Benjamin DJ, Lyou Y. Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225724. [PMID: 34830879 PMCID: PMC8616345 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer accounts for a significant burden to global public health. Despite advances in therapeutics with the advent of immunotherapy, only a small subset of patients benefit from immunotherapy. In this review, we examine the evidence that suggests that the TGF-β pathway may present a resistance mechanism to immunotherapy. In addition, we present possible therapies that may overcome the TGF-β resistance pathway in the treatment of bladder cancer. Abstract Bladder cancer accounts for nearly 200,000 deaths worldwide yearly. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for nearly 90% of cases of bladder cancer. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has remained the mainstay of treatment in the first-line setting for locally advanced or metastatic UC. More recently, the treatment paradigm in the second-line setting was drastically altered with the approval of several immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Given that only a small subset of patients respond to ICI, further studies have been undertaken to understand potential resistance mechanisms to ICI. One potential resistance mechanism that has been identified in the setting of metastatic UC is the TGF-β signaling pathway. Several pre-clinical and ongoing clinical trials in multiple advanced tumor types have evaluated several therapies that target the TGF-β pathway. In addition, there are ongoing and planned clinical trials combining TGF-β inhibition with ICI, which may provide a promising therapeutic approach for patients with advanced and metastatic UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Benjamin
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, UC Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868, USA;
| | - Yung Lyou
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-626-256-2805; Fax: +1-625-301-8233
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Kawata K, Koga H, Tsuji K, Miyatake K, Nakagawa Y, Yokota T, Sekiya I, Katagiri H. Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells mediate endogenous cell growth and migration via the CXCL5 and CXCL6/CXCR2 axes and repair menisci. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:414. [PMID: 34294118 PMCID: PMC8296733 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are promising candidates for tissue regeneration therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs for meniscus regeneration is uncertain, and the mechanisms underlying MSC-EV-mediated tissue regeneration have not been fully elucidated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intra-articular MSC-EV injection in a meniscus defect model and elucidate the mechanism underlying MSC-EV-mediated tissue regeneration via combined bioinformatic analyses. Methods MSC-EVs were isolated from human synovial MSC culture supernatants via ultrafiltration. To evaluate the meniscus regeneration ability, MSC-EVs were injected intra-articularly in the mouse meniscus defect model immediately after meniscus resection and weekly thereafter. After 1 and 3 weeks, their knees were excised for histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. To investigate the mechanisms through which MSC-EVs accelerate meniscus regeneration, cell growth, migration, and chondrogenesis assays were performed using treated and untreated chondrocytes and synovial MSCs with or without MSC-EVs. RNA sequencing assessed the gene expression profile of chondrocytes stimulated by MSC-EVs. Antagonists of the human chemokine CXCR2 receptor (SB265610) were used to determine the role of CXCR2 on chondrocyte cell growth and migration induced by MSC-EVs. Results In the meniscus defect model, MSC-EV injection accelerated meniscus regeneration and normalized the morphology and composition of the repaired tissue. MSC-EVs stimulated chondrocyte and synovial MSC cell growth and migration. RNA sequencing revealed that MSC-EVs induced 168 differentially expressed genes in the chondrocytes and significantly upregulated CXCL5 and CXCL6 in chondrocytes and synovial MSCs. Suppression of CXCL5 and CXCL6 and antagonism of the CXCR2 receptor binding CXCL5 and CXCL6 negated the influence of MSC-EVs on chondrocyte cell growth and migration. Conclusions Intra-articular MSC-EV administration repaired meniscus defects and augmented chondrocyte and synovial MSC cell growth and migration. Comprehensive transcriptome/RNA sequencing data confirmed that MSC-EVs upregulated CXCL5 and CXCL6 in chondrocytes and mediated the cell growth and migration of these cells via the CXCR2 axis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02481-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Kawata
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Miyatake
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokota
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences and Center for Brain Integration Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiroki Katagiri
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. .,Department of Orthopedics, Dokkyo Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minamikoshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan.
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Serum miRNA Profiling for Early PDAC Diagnosis and Prognosis: A Retrospective Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070845. [PMID: 34356909 PMCID: PMC8301411 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor stage predicts pancreatic cancer (PDAC) prognosis, but prolonged and short survivals have been described in patients with early-stage tumors. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) are an emerging class of suitable biomarkers for PDAC prognosis. Our aim was to identify whether serum miRNA signatures predict survival of early-stage PDAC. Methods: Serum RNA from archival 15 stage I-III PDAC patients and 4 controls was used for miRNAs expression profile (Agilent microarrays). PDAC patients with comparable age, gender, diabetes, jaundice and surgery were classified according to survival: less than 14 months (7/15 pts, group A) and more than 22 months (8/15 pts, group B). Bioinformatic data analysis was performed by two-class Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) algorithm. Binary logistic regression analyses considering PDAC diagnosis and outcome as dependent variables, and ROC analyses were also performed. Results: 2549 human miRNAs were screened out. At SAM, 76 differentially expressed miRNAs were found among controls and PDAC (FDR = 0.4%), the large majority (50/76, 66%) of them being downregulated in PDAC with respect to controls. Six miRNAs were independently correlated with early PDAC, and among these, hsa-miR-6821-5p was associated with the best ROC curve area in distinguishing controls from early PDAC. Among the 71 miRNAs differentially expressed between groups A and B, the most significant were hsa-miR-3135b expressed in group A only, hsa-miR-6126 and hsa-miR-486-5p expressed in group B only. Eight miRNAs were correlated with the presence of lymph-node metastases; among these, hsa-miR-4669 is of potential interest. hsa-miR-4516, increased in PDAC and found as an independent predictor of survival, has among its putative targets a series of gens involved in key pathways of cancer progression and dissemination, such as Wnt and p53 signalling pathways. Conclusions: A series of serum miRNAs was identified as potentially useful for the early diagnosis of PDAC, and for establishing a prognosis.
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Nogami M, Miyamoto K, Hayakawa-Yano Y, Nakanishi A, Yano M, Okano H. DGCR8-dependent efficient pri-miRNA processing of human pri-miR-9-2. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100409. [PMID: 33581109 PMCID: PMC7995608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microprocessor complex, including DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) and DROSHA, recognizes and cleaves primary transcripts of microRNAs (pri-miRNAs) in the maturation of canonical miRNAs. The study of DGCR8 haploinsufficiency reveals that the efficiency of this activity varies for different miRNA species. It is thought that this variation might be associated with the risk of schizophrenia with 22q11 deletion syndrome caused by disruption of the DGCR8 gene. However, the underlying mechanism for varying action of DGCR8 with each miRNA remains largely unknown. Here, we used in vivo monitoring to measure the efficiency of DGCR8-dependent microprocessor activity in cultured cells. We confirmed that this system recapitulates the microprocessor activity of endogenous pri-miRNA with expression of a ratiometric fluorescence reporter. Using this system, we detected mir-9-2 as one of the most efficient targets. We also identified a novel DGCR8-responsive RNA element, which is highly conserved among mammalian species and could be regulated at the epi-transcriptome (RNA modification) level. This unique feature between DGCR8 and pri-miR-9-2 processing may suggest a link to the risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nogami
- Innovative Biology Laboratories, Neuroscience Drug Discovery Unit, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Shonan Incubation Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Kazumasa Miyamoto
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshika Hayakawa-Yano
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakanishi
- Shonan Incubation Laboratories, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan; Regenerative Medicine Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Xu X, Dang Z, Zhang J, Feng Y, Wei Z. The miRNA, miR-125b, Inhibited Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric-Cancer Cells by Triggering the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:8569-8580. [PMID: 32982449 PMCID: PMC7505715 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s259513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the function and the mechanism of miR-125b in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and provide experimental basis for finding and developing new therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer. METHODS The difference of miR-125b expression in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was detected by qRT-PCR. The same test was performed in different gastric cancer cell lines. The effect of miR-125b on SGC-7901 and BGC-823 gastric cancer cell viability was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of miR-125b on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. The target gene STAT3 of miR-125b was identified and validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the effect of miR-125b on the expression and distribution of STAT3 protein. The inhibitor and activator of STAT3 were used to confirm the effect of STAT3 on invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells. Peritoneal metastasis experiment and IHC were used to study the inhibitory effect of miR-125b on the metastasis of gastric cancer in vivo. RESULTS The results of qRT-PCR showed that 125b expression was significantly lower in gastric cancer than in adjacent tissues, which indicated poor prognosis for gastric-cancer patients. Furthermore, two gastric-cancer cell lines, SGC-7901 and BGC-823, exhibited lower miR-125b levels than the normal cell line HEK293. After treatment with miR-125b mimics, cell proliferation was markedly inhibited. Meanwhile, the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells were also inhibited after treated with miR-125b mimics. We also identified the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a potential target of miR-125b based on patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Dual luciferase assays revealed that miR-125b directly inhibited STAT3 by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Immunofluorescence assay showed that miR-125b could affect the subcellular distribution of STAT3. Moreover, treatment with miR-125b mimics or stattic inhibited invasion and migration in the gastric cancer cell lines, and IL-6 could reverse the inhibitory effect. Finally, nude mice xenografted with gastric-cancer cells expressing miR-125b mimics exhibited smaller tumors and lower transfer rates than mice engrafted with control group cells. CONCLUSION These data suggested that miR-125b inhibited invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer by inhibiting STAT3; therefore, miR-125b and STAT3 could be potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Xu
- Gastroenterology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqin Dang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junping Zhang
- Oncology Department, Henan Academy Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingpu Feng
- Oncology Department, Henan Province People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Gastroenterology Department, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China
- Oncology Department, Henan Academy Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Papoutsoglou P, Moustakas A. Long non-coding RNAs and TGF-β signaling in cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2672-2681. [PMID: 32485023 PMCID: PMC7419046 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is driven by genetic mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and by cellular events that develop a misregulated molecular microenvironment in the growing tumor tissue. The tumor microenvironment is guided by the excessive action of specific cytokines including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which normally controls embryonic development and the homeostasis of young or adult tissues. As a consequence of the genetic alterations generating a given tumor, TGF-β can preserve its homeostatic function and attempt to limit neoplastic expansion, whereas, once the tumor has progressed to an aggressive stage, TGF-β can synergize with various oncogenic stimuli to facilitate tumor invasiveness and metastasis. TGF-β signaling mechanisms via Smad proteins, various ubiquitin ligases, and protein kinases are relatively well understood. Such mechanisms regulate the expression of genes encoding proteins or non-coding RNAs. Among non-coding RNAs, much has been understood regarding the regulation and function of microRNAs, whereas the role of long non-coding RNAs is still emerging. This article emphasizes TGF-β signaling mechanisms leading to the regulation of non-coding genes, the function of such non-coding RNAs as regulators of TGF-β signaling, and the contribution of these mechanisms in specific hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and MicrobiologyScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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15
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Derynck R, Turley SJ, Akhurst RJ. TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 18:9-34. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Deregulation of Drosha in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 26:161-169. [PMID: 30855334 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) superfamily - a large group of structurally related and evolutionarily conserved proteins - profoundly shapes and organizes the vasculature during normal development and adult homeostasis. Mutations inactivating several of its ligands, receptors, or signal transducers set off hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), a disorder that causes capillary networks to form incorrectly. Drosha, an essential microRNA-processing enzyme, also interfaces with TGFβ signal transducers, but its involvement in vascular conditions had not been tested until recently. This review summarizes current evidence that links mutations of Drosha to HHT. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies have revealed that rare missense mutations in the Drosha gene occur more commonly among HHT patients than in healthy people. Molecular analyses also indicated that Drosha enzymes with HHT-associated mutations generate microRNAs less efficiently than their wild-type counterpart when stimulated by TGFβ ligands. In zebrafish or mouse, mutant Drosha proteins cause the formation of dilated, leaky blood vessels deprived of capillaries, similar to those typically found in patients with HHT. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggests that Drosha-mediated microRNA biogenesis contributes significantly to the control of vascular development and homeostasis by TGFβ. Loss or reduction of Drosha function may predispose carriers to HHT and possibly other vascular diseases.
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17
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Effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Microglial-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Composition. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040297. [PMID: 31847332 PMCID: PMC6963293 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The packaging of molecular constituents inside extracellular vesicles (EVs) allows them to participate in intercellular communication and the transfer of biological molecules, however the role of EVs during bacterial infection is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infection on the biogenesis and composition of EVs derived from the mouse microglia cell line, BV-2. BV-2 cells were cultured in exosome-free media and infected with 0, 1.3 × 104, or 2.6 × 104 colony forming units per milliliter P. aeruginosa for 72 h. The results indicated that compared with the control group, BV-2 cell viability significantly decreased after P. aeruginosa infection and BV-2-derived EVs concentration decreased significantly in the P. aeruginosa-infected group. P. aeruginosa infection significantly decreased chemokine ligand 4 messenger RNA in BV-2-derived infected EVs, compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). This study also revealed that heat shock protein 70 (p ≤ 0.05) and heat shock protein 90β (p ≤ 0.001) levels of expression within EVs increased after P. aeruginosa infection. EV treatment with EVs derived from P. aeruginosa infection reduced cell viability of BV-2 cells. P. aeruginosa infection alters the expression of specific proteins and mRNA in EVs. Our study suggests that P. aeruginosa infection modulates EV biogenesis and composition, which may influence bacterial pathogenesis and infection.
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18
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Khazaei M, Ferns GA, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. The Role of TGF-β Signaling Regulatory MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4611-4618. [PMID: 30636580 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190110150705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally and is associated with a high mortality rate. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays an important role in normal intestinal tissue function, but has also been implicated in the development of CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have also recently emerged as important regulators of cancer development and progression. They act by targeting multiple signaling pathways including the TGF-β signaling pathway. There is growing evidence demonstrating that miRNAs target various components of the TGF-β signaling pathway, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, regulatory SMADs (SMAD1, 2, 3, 5 and 9), co-mediator SMAD4, inhibitory SMADs (SMAD6 and 7) and the TGF-β receptors, and thereby alter the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. In this review, we summarize the data concerning the interaction between TGF-β signaling pathway and miRNAs with the aim to better understanding the CRC molecular mechanisms and hence better management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Seyed H Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Chung CZ, Balasuriya N, Manni E, Liu X, Li SSC, O’Donoghue P, Heinemann IU. Gld2 activity is regulated by phosphorylation in the N-terminal domain. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1022-1033. [PMID: 31057087 PMCID: PMC6602411 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1608754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The de-regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with multiple human diseases, yet cellular mechanisms governing miRNA abundance remain largely elusive. Human miR-122 is required for Hepatitis C proliferation, and low miR-122 abundance is associated with hepatic cancer. The adenylyltransferase Gld2 catalyses the post-transcriptional addition of a single adenine residue (A + 1) to the 3'-end of miR-122, enhancing its stability. Gld2 activity is inhibited by binding to the Hepatitis C virus core protein during HepC infection, but no other mechanisms of Gld2 regulation are known. We found that Gld2 activity is regulated by site-specific phosphorylation in its disordered N-terminal domain. We identified two phosphorylation sites (S62, S110) where phosphomimetic substitutions increased Gld2 activity and one site (S116) that markedly reduced activity. Using mass spectrometry, we confirmed that HEK 293 cells readily phosphorylate the N-terminus of Gld2. We identified protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase B (Akt1) as the kinases that site-specifically phosphorylate Gld2 at S116, abolishing Gld2-mediated nucleotide addition. The data demonstrate a novel phosphorylation-dependent mechanism to regulate Gld2 activity, revealing tumour suppressor miRNAs as a previously unknown target of Akt1-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Z. Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nileeka Balasuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Emad Manni
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Shawn Shun-Cheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Oncology and Child Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Patrick O’Donoghue
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ilka U. Heinemann
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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20
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Chen SN, Chang R, Lin LT, Chern CU, Tsai HW, Wen ZH, Li YH, Li CJ, Tsui KH. MicroRNA in Ovarian Cancer: Biology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091510. [PMID: 31035447 PMCID: PMC6539609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer comprises one of the three major malignant tumor types in the female reproductive system. The mortality rate of this cancer is the highest among all gynecological tumors, with ovarian cancer metastasis constituting an important cause of death. Therefore, markers for disease prediction and prognosis are highly desirable for early diagnosis as well as for helping optimize and personalize treatment. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), which consist of short-sequence RNAs that do not encode a protein, have emerged as new biomarkers in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. By pairing with bases specific to the target messenger RNA (mRNA), miRNAs cause degradation of the target mRNA or inhibit its translation, thereby regulating various cellular processes including cell proliferation and adhesion. Increasing numbers of studies have shown that miRNA expression abnormality plays an important role in the development of ovarian cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of miRNA action, current research regarding their role in the suppression or promotion of ovarian cancer, and their use as markers for diagnosis of prognosis or as therapeutic targets for this disease. Finally, we present future perspectives regarding the clinical management of ovarian cancer and the role for miRNAs therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Nung Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Recreation Sports Management, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Te Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chyi-Uei Chern
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Wen Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Han Li
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan.
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21
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Hassani A, Khan G. Epstein-Barr Virus and miRNAs: Partners in Crime in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis? Front Immunol 2019; 10:695. [PMID: 31001286 PMCID: PMC6456696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate gene expression post transcriptionally. In healthy individuals, miRNAs contribute to maintaining gene expression homeostasis. However, the level of miRNAs expressed is markedly altered in different diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of such changes is being investigated, and thought to shape the immune system into the inflammatory autoimmune phenotype. Much is yet to be learned about the contribution of miRNAs in the molecular pathology of MS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for the development of MS. EBV encodes more than 40 miRNAs, most of which have been studied in the context of EBV associated cancers. These viral miRNAs regulate genes involved in cell apoptosis, antigen presentation and recognition, as well as B cell transformation. If EBV infection contributes to the pathology of MS, it is plausible that EBV miRNAs may be involved. Unfortunately, there are limited studies addressing how EBV miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of MS. This review summarizes what has been reported regarding cellular and viral miRNA profiles in MS and proposes possible interactions between the two in the development of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hassani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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22
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Zhou D, Xue J, He S, Du X, Zhou J, Li C, Huang L, Nair V, Yao Y, Cheng Z. Reticuloendotheliosis virus and avian leukosis virus subgroup J synergistically increase the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs. Retrovirology 2018; 15:45. [PMID: 29970099 PMCID: PMC6029113 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection with avian leukosis virus subgroup J and reticuloendotheliosis virus induces synergistic pathogenic effects and increases mortality. However, the role of exosomal miRNAs in the molecular mechanism of the synergistic infection of the two viruses remains unknown. RESULTS In this study, exosomal RNAs from CEF cells infected with ALV-J, REV or both at the optimal synergistic infection time were analysed by Illumina RNA deep sequencing. A total of 54 (23 upregulated and 31 downregulated) and 16 (7 upregulated and 9 downregulated) miRNAs were identified by comparing co-infection with two viruses, single-infected ALV-J and REV, respectively. Moreover, five key miRNAs, including miR-184-3p, miR-146a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-3538 and miR-155, were validated in both exosomes and CEF cells by qRT-PCR. GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis of the miRNA target genes showed that the five differentially expressed miRNAs participated in virus-vector interaction, oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism and cell growth. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that REV and ALV-J synergistically increased the accumulation of exosomal miRNAs, which sheds light on the synergistic molecular mechanism of ALV-J and REV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jingwen Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Shuhai He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Chengui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Libo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
| | - Venugopal Nair
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Yongxiu Yao
- The Pirbright Institute & UK-China Centre of Excellence on Avian Disease Research, Pirbright, Ash Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 China
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23
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Creugny A, Fender A, Pfeffer S. Regulation of primary microRNA processing. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1980-1996. [PMID: 29683487 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small regulatory RNAs that participate in the adjustment of many, if not all, fundamental biological processes. Molecular mechanisms involved in miRNA biogenesis and mode of action have been elucidated in the past two decades. Similar to many cellular pathways, miRNA processing and function can be globally or specifically regulated at several levels and by numerous proteins and RNAs. Given their role as fine-tuning molecules, it is essential for miRNA expression to be tightly regulated in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. Here, we review our current knowledge of the first step of their maturation occurring in the nucleus and how it can be specifically and dynamically modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Creugny
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Aurélie Fender
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Architecture and Reactivity of RNA, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, France
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24
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Lin Q, Guan W, Ren W, Zhang L, Zhang J, Xu G. MALAT1 affects ovarian cancer cell behavior and patient survival. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2644-2652. [PMID: 29693187 PMCID: PMC5983936 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most lethal malignancies of the female reproductive organs. Increasing evidence has revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in tumorigenesis. Metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is an lncRNA and plays a role in various types of tumors. However, the function of MALAT1 on cellular behavior in EOC remains unclear. The current study explored the expression of MALAT1 in ovarian cancer tissues and in EOC cell lines. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of MALAT1 was higher in human ovarian malignant tumor tissues and EOC cells than in normal ovarian tissues and non-tumorous human ovarian surface epithelial cells, respectively. By analyzing the online database Kaplan-Meier Plotter, MALAT1 was identified to be correlated with the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with ovarian cancer. Furthermore, knockdown of MALAT1 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly decreased EOC cell viability, migration, and invasion. Finally, dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that MALAT1 interacted with miR-143-3p, a miRNA that plays a role in EOC as demonstrated in our previous study. Inhibition of MALAT1 resulted in an increase of miR-143-3p expression, leading to a decrease of CMPK protein expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that MALAT1 was overexpressed in EOC. Silencing of MALAT1 decreased EOC cell viability and inhibited EOC cell migration and invasion. These data revealed that MALAT1 may serve as a new therapeutic target of human EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunbo Lin
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Wencai Guan
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Ren
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Jinguo Zhang
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Center Laboratory, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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25
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Mok GF, Lozano-Velasco E, Münsterberg A. microRNAs in skeletal muscle development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:67-76. [PMID: 29102719 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental process during both embryo development and stem cell differentiation is the control of cell lineage determination. In developing skeletal muscle, many of the diffusible signaling molecules, transcription factors and more recently non-coding RNAs that contribute to this process have been identified. This has facilitated advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the control of cell fate choice. Here we will review the role of non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), in embryonic muscle development and differentiation, and in satellite cells of adult muscle, which are essential for muscle growth and regeneration. Some of these short post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression are restricted to skeletal muscle, but their expression can also be more widespread. In addition, we discuss a few examples of long non-coding RNAs, which are numerous but much less well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Fay Mok
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Estefania Lozano-Velasco
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrea Münsterberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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26
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Wei Y, Yan X, Yan L, Hu F, Ma W, Wang Y, Lu S, Zeng Q, Wang Z. Inhibition of microRNA‑155 ameliorates cardiac fibrosis in the process of angiotensin II‑induced cardiac remodeling. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7287-7296. [PMID: 28944921 PMCID: PMC5865857 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis triggered by pressure overload represents one of the major challenges in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR)-155, a member of the small RNA family, has previously been demonstrated to be associated with cardiac inflammation. However, the effect of miR-155 on cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), particularly in cardiac fibroblasts, requires further investigation. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-155 in Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis using animal models and cardiac fibroblasts. Animal models were established in male miR-155−/− and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice (10–12 weeks old) by Ang II infusion using subcutaneously implanted minipumps. After 8 weeks of Ang II infusion, the results demonstrated that the deletion of miR-155 in mice markedly ameliorated ventricular remodeling compared with WT mice, as demonstrated by restricted inflammatory responses, decreased heart size, improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial fibrosis. In vitro, overexpression of miR-155 in cardiac fibroblasts led to significantly increased fibroblast to myofibroblast transformation. However, this effect was abrogated by miR-155 silencing. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that genetic loss of miR-155 in mice ameliorates cardiac fibrotic remodeling following pressure overload. Therefore, inhibiting miR-155 may have potential as an adjunct to reduce cardiac inflammation in the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Yan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Fen Hu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wenhan Ma
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Qiutang Zeng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Non-coding RNAs Enabling Prognostic Stratification and Prediction of Therapeutic Response in Colorectal Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 937:183-204. [PMID: 27573901 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease and current treatment options for patients are associated with a wide range of outcomes and tumor responses. Although the traditional TNM staging system continues to serve as a crucial tool for estimating CRC prognosis and for stratification of treatment choices and long-term survival, it remains limited as it relies on macroscopic features and cases of surgical resection, fails to incorporate new molecular data and information, and cannot perfectly predict the variety of outcomes and responses to treatment associated with tumors of the same stage. Although additional histopathologic features have recently been applied in order to better classify individual tumors, the future might incorporate the use of novel molecular and genetic markers in order to maximize therapeutic outcome and to provide accurate prognosis. Such novel biomarkers, in addition to individual patient tumor phenotyping and other validated genetic markers, could facilitate the prediction of risk of progression in CRC patients and help assess overall survival. Recent findings point to the emerging role of non-protein-coding regions of the genome in their contribution to the progression of cancer and tumor formation. Two major subclasses of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, are often dysregulated in CRC and have demonstrated their diagnostic and prognostic potential as biomarkers. These ncRNAs are promising molecular classifiers and could assist in the stratification of patients into appropriate risk groups to guide therapeutic decisions and their expression patterns could help determine prognosis and predict therapeutic options in CRC.
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Song G, Zhang H, Chen C, Gong L, Chen B, Zhao S, Shi J, Xu J, Ye Z. miR-551b regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of gastric cancer by inhibiting ERBB4 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:45725-45735. [PMID: 28501849 PMCID: PMC5542221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process that is characteristic of malignant tumor cells with metastatic potential. We investigated the role of miR-551b in EMT and metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). We found that low miR-551b levels were associated with EMT, metastasis and a poor prognosis in GC patients. Further, two GC cell lines, MNK45 and SGC7901, exhibited lower miR-551b levels than the GES normal stomach cell line. Exposing MNK45 and SGC7901 cells to TGF-β1 resulted in cell morphology changes characteristic of EMT, which was confirmed by Western blot analysis demonstrating low E-Cadherin and high N-Cadherin and Vimentin levels. Treatment with miR-551b mimics inhibited these EMT changes as well as Transwell migration and invasiveness. We identified ERBB4 as a potential target of miR-551b based on patient data from the TCGA. ERBB4 was upregulated in GC specimens, and its high expression correlated with a poor prognosis of GC patients. Dual luciferase assays revealed that miR-551b directly inhibited ERBB4 by binding to its 3'UTR. Moreover, treatment with miR-551b mimics or the ERBB4 inhibitor AST-1306 inhibited EMT in the GC cell lines. Finally, nude mice xenografted with GC cancer cell lines expressing miR-551b mimics exhibited smaller tumors and longer survival than mice engrafted with control GC cancer cells. These data indicate that miR-551b inhibits EMT and metastasis in GC by inhibiting ERBB4. miR-551b and ERBB4 are thus potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyuan Song
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenlin Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijie Gong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biao Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaoyun Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ji Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zaiyuan Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Lo PK, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Wolfson B, Yu J, Han SY, Duru N, Zhou Q. Tumor-associated myoepithelial cells promote the invasive progression of ductal carcinoma in situ through activation of TGFβ signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11466-11484. [PMID: 28512126 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal myoepithelium has a tumor-suppressing nature and inhibits the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) into invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Conversely, a growing number of studies have shown that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells have a tumor-promoting effect. Moreover, the exact role of tumor-associated myoepithelial cells in the DCIS-to-IDC development remains undefined. To address this, we explored the role of tumor-associated myoepithelial cells in the DCIS-to-IDC progression. We developed a direct coculture system to study the cell-cell interactions between DCIS cells and tumor-associated myoepithelial cells. Coculture studies indicated that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells promoted the invasive progression of a DCIS cell model in vitro, and mechanistic studies revealed that the interaction with DCIS cells stimulated tumor-associated myoepithelial cells to secrete TGFβ1, which subsequently contributed to activating the TGFβ/Smads pathway in DCIS cells. We noted that activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, basal-like phenotypes, stemness, and invasiveness of DCIS cells. Importantly, xenograft studies further demonstrated that tumor-associated myoepithelial cells enhanced the DCIS-to-IDC progression in vivo Furthermore, we found that TGFβ-mediated induction of oncogenic miR-10b-5p expression and down-regulation of RB1CC1, a miR-10b-5p-targeted tumor-suppressor gene, contributed to the invasive progression of DCIS. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence to directly support the paradigm that altered DCIS-associated myoepithelial cells promote the invasive progression of DCIS into IDC via TGFβ signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Kuo Lo
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Yongshu Zhang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Yuan Yao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Benjamin Wolfson
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Justine Yu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and.,the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Nadire Duru
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
| | - Qun Zhou
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 and
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31
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Esser JS, Saretzki E, Pankratz F, Engert B, Grundmann S, Bode C, Moser M, Zhou Q. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 regulates microRNAs miR-494 and miR-126-5p in control of endothelial cell function in angiogenesis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:734-749. [PMID: 28124060 DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate posttranscriptional gene expression. Several microRNAs have been described to regulate the process of angiogenesis. Previously, we have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased the pro-angiogenic activity of endothelial cells. In this project, we now investigated how the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect is mediated by microRNAs. First, we performed a microRNA array with BMP4-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among the top-regulated microRNAs, we detected a decreased expression of miR-494 and increased expression of miR-126-5p. Next, we analysed the canonical Smad and alternative signalling pathways, through which BMP4 would regulate miR-126-5p and miR-494 expression. Furthermore, the functional effect of miR-494 and miR-126-5p on endothelial cells was investigated. MicroRNA-494 overexpression decreased endothelial cell proliferation, migration and sprout formation. Consistently, miR-494 inhibition increased endothelial cell function. As potential miR-494 targets, bFGF and BMP endothelial cell precursor-derived regulator (BMPER) were identified and confirmed by western blot. Luciferase assays showed direct miR-494 binding in BMPER 3'UTR. In contrast, miR-126-5p overexpression increased pro-angiogenic endothelial cell behaviour and, accordingly, miR-126-5p inhibition decreased endothelial cell function. As a direct miR-126-5p target we identified the anti-angiogenic thrombospondin-1 which was confirmed by western blot analysis and luciferase assays. In the Matrigel plug assay application of antagomiR-494 increased endothelial cell ingrowth, whereas antagomiR-126-5p treatment decreased cell ingrowth in vivo. Taken together, through differential regulation of the anti-angiomiR-494 and the angiomiR-126-5p by BMP4 both microRNAs contribute to the pro-angiogenic BMP4 effect on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Esser
- Jennifer Susanne Esser, PhD, University Heart Center Freiburg, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Cardiovascular Biology Group, Breisacher Str. 33, 79106 Freiburg, Germany, Tel.: +49 76127070440, Fax: +49 76127070450, E-mail:
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Regulation of miRNAs by herbal medicine: An emerging field in cancer therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 86:262-270. [PMID: 28006752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs' expression profiles have recently gained major attention as far as cancer research is concerned. MicroRNAs are able to inhibit target gene expression via binding to the 3' UTR of target mRNA, resulting in target mRNA cleavage or translation inhibition. MicroRNAs play significant parts in a myriad of biological processes; studies have proven, on the other hand, that aberrant microRNA expression is, more often than not, associated with the growth and progression of cancers. MicroRNAs could act as oncogenes (oncomir) or tumor suppressors and can also be utilized as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and cancer therapy. Recent studies have shown that such herbal extracts as Shikonin, Sinomenium acutum, curcumin, Olea europaea, ginseng, and Coptidis Rhizoma could alter microRNA expression profiles through inhibiting cancer cell development, activating the apoptosis pathway, or increasing the efficacy of conventional cancer therapeutics. Such findings patently suggest that the novel specific targeting of microRNAs by herbal extracts could complete the restriction of tumors by killing the cancerous cells so as to recover survival results in patients diagnosed with malignancies. In this review, we summarized the current research about microRNA biogenesis, microRNAs in cancer, herbal compounds with anti-cancer effects and novel strategies for employing herbal extracts in order to target microRNAs for a better treatment of patients diagnosed with cancer.
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related growth factors are secreted pleiotropic factors that play critical roles in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and migration. The TGF-β family members signal via heteromeric complexes of type I and type II receptors, which activate members of the Smad family of signal transducers. The main attribute of the TGF-β signaling pathway is context-dependence. Depending on the concentration and type of ligand, target tissue, and developmental stage, TGF-β family members transmit distinct signals. Deregulation of TGF-β signaling contributes to developmental defects and human diseases. More than a decade of studies have revealed the framework by which TGF-βs encode a context-dependent signal, which includes various positive and negative modifiers of the principal elements of the signaling pathway, the receptors, and the Smad proteins. In this review, we first introduce some basic components of the TGF-β signaling pathways and their actions, and then discuss posttranslational modifications and modulatory partners that modify the outcome of the signaling and contribute to its context-dependence, including small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Hata
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Vaspin regulates the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 through the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25578. [PMID: 27156573 PMCID: PMC4860647 DOI: 10.1038/srep25578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a newly discovered adipokine that widely participates in diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other disorders of metabolism. However, the effect of vaspin on the regulation of osteogenesis and the mechanism responsible are still unclear. Here, we found that vaspin can attenuate the osteogenic differentiation of the preosteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 in a dose-dependent way; also, during this process, the expression of miRNA-34c (miR-34c) was significantly increased. Down-regulation of the expression of miR-34c in MC3T3-E1 diminished the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin, while the up-regulation of miR-34c increased this effect through its target gene Runx2. Meanwhile, we found that vaspin could also activate the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Blocking the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway with specific inhibitors could decrease the osteogenic inhibitory effect of vaspin as well as the expression level of miR-34c. Furthermore, knock-down of miR-34c could promote the activation of Akt, which was probably realised by targeting c-met expression. Thus, PI3K-Akt and miR-34c constituted a modulation loop and controlled the expression of each other. Taken together, our study showed that vaspin could inhibit the osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and the PI3K-Akt/miR-34c loop might be the underlying mechanism.
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Morikawa M, Derynck R, Miyazono K. TGF-β and the TGF-β Family: Context-Dependent Roles in Cell and Tissue Physiology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2016; 8:8/5/a021873. [PMID: 27141051 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 842] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the prototype of the TGF-β family of growth and differentiation factors, which is encoded by 33 genes in mammals and comprises homo- and heterodimers. This review introduces the reader to the TGF-β family with its complexity of names and biological activities. It also introduces TGF-β as the best-studied factor among the TGF-β family proteins, with its diversity of roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing and immune system, and its key roles in pathology, for example, skeletal diseases, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Morikawa
- Ludwig Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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36
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Kuang Y, Nie YJ. Exploration of the regulatory effect of miR-21 on breast cancer cell line proliferation and invasion as well as the downstream target genes. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:470-3. [PMID: 27261856 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the regulatory effects of miR-21 on breast cancer cell line proliferation and invasion as well as the downstream target genes. METHODS Breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 were cultured and transfected with miR-21 mimics and the corresponding negative control mimics (NC mimics), and then MTS kits were used to detect cell viability. Transwell experiment was used to detect cell invasion ability, and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of proliferation and invasion-related genes in cells. RESULTS 24 h after transfection of miR-21 mimics and NC mimics, cell OD value and the number of invasive cells of miR-21 group were significantly higher than those of NC group, and mRNA contents of PDCD-4, FasL, PTEN, RhoB, Maspin, TIMP3 and RECK in cells were significantly lower than those of NC group. CONCLUSION miR-21 can promote the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cell lines, and its downstream target genes include PDCD-4, FasL, PTEN, RhoB, Maspin, TIMP3 and RECK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kuang
- Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China
| | - Ying-Jie Nie
- Central Lab, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550000, China.
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37
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Zu L, Xue Y, Wang J, Fu Y, Wang X, Xiao G, Hao M, Sun X, Wang Y, Fu G, Wang J. The feedback loop between miR-124 and TGF-β pathway plays a significant role in non-small cell lung cancer metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2016; 37:333-343. [PMID: 26818357 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that micro RNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in tumor development. However, the role of miRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we found that miR-124 expression was significantly impaired in NSCLC tissues and associated with its metastasis. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that restoring miR-124 expression in NSCLC cells had a marked effect on reducing cell migration, invasion and metastasis. Mechanistic analyses show that Smad4, a cobinding protein in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway, was identified as a new target gene of miR-124. Restoring Smad4 expression in miR-124-infected cells could partially rescue miR-124-induced abolition of cell migration and invasion. Notably, upon TGF-β stimulation, phosphorylation of Smad2/3 was modulated by alteration of miR-124 or Smad4 expression, followed by inducing some special transcription of downstream genes including Snail, Slug and ZEB2, all of which may trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition and be associated with NSCLC metastasis. Moreover, activation of TGF-β pathway may enhance expression of DNMT3a, leading to hypermethylation on miR-124 promoter. Therefore, heavily loss of miR-124 expression further enhances Smad4 level by this feedback loop. Taken together, our data show for the first time that the feedback loop between miR-124 and TGF-β pathway may play a significant role in NSCLC metastasis. Targeting the loop may prove beneficial to prevent metastasis and provide a more effective therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Zu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yunjing Xue
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Yujie Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200127 , China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Xueqing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Guohui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200025 , China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Cancer institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China and.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Garcia AI, Buisson M, Damiola F, Tessereau C, Barjhoux L, Verny-Pierre C, Sornin V, Dondon MG, Eon-Marchais S, Caron O, Gautier-Villars M, Coupier I, Buecher B, Vennin P, Belotti M, Lortholary A, Gesta P, Dugast C, Noguès C, Fricker JP, Faivre L, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Andrieu N, Sinilnikova OM, Mazoyer S. Mutation screening of MIR146A/B and BRCA1/2 3'-UTRs in the GENESIS study. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1324-9. [PMID: 26785832 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a wide number of breast cancer susceptibility alleles associated with various levels of risk have been identified to date, about 50% of the heritability is still missing. Although the major BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are being extensively screened for truncating and missense variants in breast and/or ovarian cancer families, potential regulatory variants affecting their expression remain largely unexplored. In an attempt to identify such variants, we focused our attention on gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRs). We screened two genes, MIR146A and MIR146B, producing miR-146a and miR-146b-5p, respectively, that regulate BRCA1, and the 3'- untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in the GENESIS French national case/control study (BRCA1- and BRCA2-negative breast cancer cases with at least one sister with breast cancer and matched controls). We identified one rare variant in MIR146A, four in MIR146B, five in BRCA1 3'-UTR and one in BRCA2 3'-UTR in 716 index cases and 619 controls. Among these 11 rare variants, 7 were identified each in 1 index case. None of the three relevant MIR146A/MIR146B variants affected the pre-miR sequences. The potential causality of the four relevant BRCA1/BRCA2 3'-UTRs variants was evaluated with luciferase reporter assays and co-segregation studies, as well as with bioinformatics analyses to predict miRs-binding sites, RNA secondary structures and RNA accessibility. This is the first study to report the screening of miR genes and of BRCA2 3'-UTR in a large series of familial breast cancer cases. None of the variant identified in this study gave convincing evidence of potential pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine I Garcia
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Monique Buisson
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Chloé Tessereau
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Barjhoux
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Verny-Pierre
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Valérie Sornin
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Dondon
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Séverine Eon-Marchais
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | | | - Olivier Caron
- Département de Médecine Oncologique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Isabelle Coupier
- Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Service de Génétique médicale et Oncogénétique, Montpellier, France.,ICM Val d'Aurel, Unité d'Oncogénétique, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Alain Lortholary
- Centre Catherine de Sienne, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Paul Gesta
- CH Georges Renon, Service Oncogénétique pour la consultation oncogénétique régionale Poitou-Charentes, Niort, France
| | | | | | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Hôpital d'Enfants, Service de Génétique Médicale, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges François Leclerc, Oncogénétique, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Service de Génétique, Paris, France.,Inserm, U830, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Andrieu
- INSERM, U900, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon/Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, CNRS UMR5286/Inserm U1052/Université Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Ji Y, Hocker JD, Gattinoni L. Enhancing adoptive T cell immunotherapy with microRNA therapeutics. Semin Immunol 2015; 28:45-53. [PMID: 26710685 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell-based immunotherapies can mediate complete and durable regressions in patients with advanced cancer, but current response rates remain inadequate. Maneuvers to improve the fitness and antitumor efficacy of transferred T cells have been under extensive exploration in the field. Small non-coding microRNAs have emerged as critical modulators of immune system homeostasis and T cell immunity. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of microRNAs in regulating T cell activation, differentiation, and function. We also discuss how microRNA therapeutics could be employed to fine-tune T cell receptor signaling and enhance T cell persistence and effector functions, paving the way for the next generation of adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - James D Hocker
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Gattinoni
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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40
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Akbari A, Ghahremani MH, Mobini GR, Abastabar M, Akhtari J, Bolhassani M, Heidari M. Down-regulation of miR-135b in colon adenocarcinoma induced by a TGF-β receptor I kinase inhibitor (SD-208). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:856-61. [PMID: 26523217 PMCID: PMC4620183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). The SD-208 acts as an anti-cancer agent in different malignancies via TGF-β signaling. This work aims to show the effect of manipulation of TGF-β signaling on some miRNAs implicated in CRC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the effects of SD-208 on SW-48, a colon adenocarcinoma cell line. The cell line was treated with 0.5, 1 and 2 μM concentrations of SD-208. Then, the xenograft model of colon cancer was established by subcutaneous inoculation of SW-48 cell line into the nude mice. The animals were treated with SD-208 for three weeks. A quantitative real-time PCR was carried out for expression level analysis of selected oncogenic (miR-21, 31, 20a and 135b) and suppressor-miRNAs (let7-g, miR-133b, 145 and 200c). Data were analyzed using the 2-∆∆CT method through student's t-test via the GraphPad Prism software. RESULTS Our results revealed that SD-208 could significantly down-regulate the expression of one key onco-miRNA, miR-135b, in either SW-48 colon cells (P=0.006) or tumors orthotopically implanted in nude mice (P=0.018). Our in silico study also predicted that SD-208 could modulate the expression of potential downstream tumor suppressor targets of the miR135b. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel evidence that anticancer effects of SD-208 (and likely other TGF-β inhibitors) may be owing to their ability to regulate miRNAs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Rasoul-Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Mobini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Manzar Bolhassani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Yang D, Wang C, Guo M, Cai Q. Identification of miRNomes in human stomach and gastric carcinoma reveals miR-133b/a-3p as therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:58-66. [PMID: 26276722 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent malignant disease and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this clinically heterogeneous disease are complex and remain far from completely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that abnormal microRNA (miRNA) expression is involved in tumorigenesis. However, their accurate expression pattern, function, and mechanism in GC remain unclear. Here, a heatmap analysis of the miRNomes was performed across TCGA datasets and the expression of miR-133 family was found to be consistently downregulated in GC. This result was confirmed in two GC cell lines and 20 pairs of primary GC tissues, and further study demonstrated that the downregulation of miR-133 was mainly mediated by histone modification within its promoter region. Importantly, restoration of miR-133b/a-3p expression could suppress GC cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis by targeting anti-apoptotic molecules Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Consistent with in vitro results, reintroducing of miR-133b/a-3p expression significantly delayed tumor formation and reduced tumor size of GC cells in xenograft nude mice. And the inverse relationship between miR-133b/a-3p and its targets was verified in xenograft mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-133b/a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in GC by directly targeting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL. Revealing novel mechanism for oncogene inhibition by miRNA-mediated pathways offers new avenues for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, No. 309 Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zunqi Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Qingping Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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42
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Van der Hauwaert C, Savary G, Hennino MF, Pottier N, Glowacki F, Cauffiez C. [MicroRNAs in kidney fibrosis]. Nephrol Ther 2015. [PMID: 26216507 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis represents the final stage of most chronic kidney diseases and contributes to the progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function with accumulation of extracellular matrix components in the renal parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms governing the renal fibrosis process are complex and remain poorly understood. Recently, the profibrotic role of several microRNAs (miRNAs) has been described in kidney fibrosis. MiRNAs are a new class of, small non-coding RNAs of about 20 nucleotides that act as gene expression negative regulators at the post-transcriptional level. Seminal studies have highlighted the potential importance of miRNA as new therapeutic targets and innovative diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes recent scientific advances on the role played by miRNAs in kidney fibrogenesis and discusses potential clinical applications as well as future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Van der Hauwaert
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Grégoire Savary
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Marie-Flore Hennino
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Pottier
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
| | - François Glowacki
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France; Service de néphrologie, hôpital Huriez, CHRU de Lille, boulevard Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
| | - Christelle Cauffiez
- EA4483, pôle recherche, faculté de médecine de Lille, université de Lille, 1, place de Verdun, 59045 Lille cedex, France
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Taylor MA, Schiemann WP. Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting microRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2015; 2:1-13. [PMID: 25717380 PMCID: PMC4337831 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can function as either powerful tumor promoters or suppressors in numerous types of cancer. The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. Here we highlight prominent miRNAs that may represent potential therapeutic targets in human malignancies, as well as review current technologies available for inactivating or restoring miRNA activity in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Taylor
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Zhang C, Long X, Ding Y, Chen X, He J, Liu S, Geng Y, Wang Y, Liu X. Expression of DROSHA in the Uterus of Mice in Early Pregnancy and Its Potential Significance During Embryo Implantation. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:154-62. [PMID: 26045550 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115584444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that microRNAs are involved in the process of implantation. They play an important role in cell growth and proliferation. DROSHA is the microRNA-processing enzyme and is required for the maturation of microRNAs. However, its expression and function during early pregnancy in mice still remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the expression pattern of DROSHA in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, artificially induced decidualization, and in the ovariectomized mouse uterus using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting analyses, and immunohistochemistry. We found that DROSHA was spatiotemporally expressed in decidualizing stromal cells during early pregnancy and in pseudopregnant mice in which decidualization was artificially induced. In the ovariectomized mouse uterus, the expression of DROSHA was upregulated after progesterone treatment. In a stromal cell culture model, the expression of DROSHA gradually increased with the progression of stromal decidualization. Taken together, our findings suggest that DROSHA is involved in stromal decidualization and may play an important role in embryo implantation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Long
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin He
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangjing Liu
- Graduate School of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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García R, Nistal JF, Merino D, Price NL, Fernández-Hernando C, Beaumont J, González A, Hurlé MA, Villar AV. p-SMAD2/3 and DICER promote pre-miR-21 processing during pressure overload-associated myocardial remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1520-30. [PMID: 25887159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces miR-21 expression which contributes to fibrotic events in the left ventricle (LV) under pressure overload. SMAD effectors of TGF-β signaling interact with DROSHA to promote primary miR-21 processing into precursor miR-21 (pre-miR-21). We hypothesize that p-SMAD-2 and -3 also interact with DICER1 to regulate the processing of pre-miR-21 to mature miR-21 in cardiac fibroblasts under experimental and clinical pressure overload. The subjects of the study were mice undergoing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and patients with aortic stenosis (AS). In vitro, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transfected with pre-miR-21 responded to TGF-β1 stimulation by overexpressing miR-21. Overexpression and silencing of SMAD2/3 resulted in higher and lower production of mature miR-21, respectively. DICER1 co-precipitated along with SMAD2/3 and both proteins were up-regulated in the LV from TAC-mice. Pre-miR-21 was isolated bound to the DICER1 maturation complex. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed co-localization of p-SMAD2/3 and DICER1 in NIH-3T3 and mouse cardiac fibroblasts. DICER1-p-SMAD2/3 protein-protein interaction was confirmed by in situ proximity ligation assay. Myocardial up-regulation of DICER1 constituted a response to pressure overload in TAC-mice. DICER mRNA levels correlated directly with those of TGF-β1, SMAD2 and SMAD3. In the LV from AS patients, DICER mRNA was up-regulated and its transcript levels correlated directly with TGF-β1, SMAD2, and SMAD3. Our results support that p-SMAD2/3 interacts with DICER1 to promote pre-miR-21 processing to mature miR-21. This new TGFβ-dependent regulatory mechanism is involved in miR-21 overexpression in cultured fibroblasts, and in the pressure overloaded LV of mice and human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - J Francisco Nistal
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - David Merino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Javier Beaumont
- Programa de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantxa González
- Programa de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María A Hurlé
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
| | - Ana V Villar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
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Kharbanda N, Jalali SK, Ojha R, Bhatnagar RK. Temporal expression profiling of novel Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus-encoded microRNAs upon infection of Sf21 cells. J Gen Virol 2014; 96:688-700. [PMID: 25481752 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are arthropod-specific pathogens, and find extensive applications in pest control strategies and recombinant protein expression. Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpltNPV) infects the tropical armyworm Spodoptera litura, which is an important polyphagous crop pest widely distributed in regions of Asia and Oceania. Using next-generation sequencing, we report stage-specific profiling of SpltNPV-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) at different time intervals post-infection (p.i.) of Sf21 cells. Sequence length distribution analysis of the small RNA libraries revealed a significant increase in 20 nt reads and a reduction of other size fractions during late phases of infection. In silico miRNA prediction tools identified 48 novel SpltNPV-encoded miRNAs, of which 10 were validated experimentally in Sf21 cells using Northern blot analysis and TaqMan quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR. The viral miRNAs were also found to be expressed in fat-body and mid-gut tissues of infected fifth-instar S. litura larva. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that expression of most viral miRNAs was triggered 12 h p.i. and continued thereafter. Gene Ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway annotation of computationally predicted targets of the reported miRNAs suggested a major impact of these miRNAs on cell signalling, protein translation and metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Kharbanda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | | | | | - Raj Kamal Bhatnagar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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47
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Puppin C, Durante C, Sponziello M, Verrienti A, Pecce V, Lavarone E, Baldan F, Campese AF, Boichard A, Lacroix L, Russo D, Filetti S, Damante G. Overexpression of genes involved in miRNA biogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas with RET mutation. Endocrine 2014; 47:528-36. [PMID: 24569963 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal expression of non-coding micro RNA (miRNA) has been described in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Expression of genes encoding factors involved in miRNA biogenesis results often deregulated in human cancer and correlates with aggressive clinical behavior. In this study, expression of four genes involved in miRNA biogenesis (DICER, DROSHA, DCGR8, and XPO5) was investigated in 54 specimens of MTC. Among them, 33 and 13 harbored RET and RAS mutations, respectively. DICER, DGCR8, and XPO5 mRNA levels were significantly overexpressed in MTC harboring RET mutations, in particular, in the presence of RET634 mutation. When MTCs with RET and RAS mutations were compared, only DGCR8 displayed a significant difference, while MTCs with RAS mutations did not show significant differences with respect to non-mutated tumors. We then attempted to correlate expression of miRNA biogenesis genes with tumor aggressiveness. According to the TNM status, MTCs were divided in two groups and compared (N0 M0 vs. N1 and/or M1): for all four genes no significant difference was detected. Cell line experiments, in which expression of a RET mutation is silenced by siRNA, suggest the existence of a causal relationship between RET mutation and overexpression of DICER, DGCR8, and XPO5 genes. These findings demonstrate that RET- but not RAS-driven tumorigenic alterations include abnormalities in the expression of some important genes involved in miRNA biogenesis that could represent new potential markers for targeted therapies in the treatment of RET-mutated MTCs aimed to restore the normal miRNA expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Puppin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Biologiche, Università di Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
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Hernandez-Torres F, Aranega AE, Franco D. Identification of regulatory elements directing miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 transcriptional regulation in response to muscle hypertrophic stimuli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:885-97. [PMID: 25050919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that significantly regulate the translation of protein coding genes in higher organisms. MicroRNAs are involved in almost every biological process, including early development, lineage commitment, growth and differentiation, cell death, and metabolic control. Misregulation of miRNAs belonging to the intergenic miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster has been recently associated to cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases, and they are up-regulated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle atrophy. Despite these facts, the basal transcriptional regulation of miR-23a/miR-27-a/miR-24-2 cluster and how it is altered under pathological conditions remain unclear. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized conserved upstream and downstream regulatory sequences from the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 locus that are implicated on its transcriptional control. Our data demonstrate that Srf plays a pivotal role in modulating miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster proximal promoter activity. Importantly, pro-hypertrophic signalling pathways such as those driven by angiotensin II and norepinephrine also regulate miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster proximal promoter activity. Taking together, our results provide new insights into the regulatory networks driving miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia E Aranega
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
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49
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Apple ring rot-responsive putative microRNAs revealed by high-throughput sequencing in Malus × domestica Borkh. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5273-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Nowak JS, Choudhury NR, de Lima Alves F, Rappsilber J, Michlewski G. Lin28a regulates neuronal differentiation and controls miR-9 production. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3687. [PMID: 24722317 PMCID: PMC4035284 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs shape the identity and function of cells by regulating gene expression. It is known that brain-specific miR-9 is controlled transcriptionally; however, it is unknown whether post-transcriptional processes contribute to establishing its levels. Here, we show that miR-9 is regulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally during neuronal differentiation of the embryonic carcinoma cell line P19. We demonstrate that miR-9 is more efficiently processed in differentiated than undifferentiated cells. We reveal that Lin28a affects miR-9 by inducing the degradation of its precursor through a uridylation-independent mechanism. Furthermore, we show that constitutively expressed untagged but not GFP-tagged Lin28a decreases differentiation capacity of P19 cells, which coincides with reduced miR-9 levels. Finally, using an inducible system we demonstrate that Lin28a can also reduce miR-9 levels in differentiated P19 cells. Together, our results shed light on the role of Lin28a in neuronal differentiation and increase our understanding of the mechanisms regulating the level of brain-specific microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S Nowak
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Nila Roy Choudhury
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Flavia de Lima Alves
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- 1] Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK [2] Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gracjan Michlewski
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
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