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Li S, Liu Z, Deng S, Zhang Y, Jie Y. The ROCK inhibitor netarsudil in the treatment of corneal endothelial decompensation caused by corneal endotheliitis: A case report and literature review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112195. [PMID: 38820965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Proper hydration and the clarity of the cornea are maintained through the crucial function of the corneal endothelium. Inflammation of the corneal endothelium, known as endotheliitis, can disrupt endothelial function, resulting in alterations to vision. Corneal endotheliitis is characterised by corneal oedema, the presence of keratic precipitates, inflammation within the anterior chamber, and occasionally, limbal injection, neovascularisation, and the concurrent or overlapping presence of uveitis. The aetiology of this condition is diverse, predominantly viral, but it may also be drug-induced, result from bacterial or fungal infections, be associated with systemic diseases and procedures, or remain idiopathic with no identifiable cause. To date, no standardised protocol for the treatment of this ocular disease exists, and in severe cases, corneal transplantation may be required. A 31-year-old male was transferred to our hospital for the management of corneal endothelial decompensation resulting from corneal endotheliitis. Hormonal therapy and antiviral medications proved ineffective, rendering the patient a candidate for corneal transplantation. As a final measure, treatment with the ROCK inhibitor netarsudil was initiated. The patient demonstrated significant improvement in symptoms, and the inflammation was successfully managed after nine months. In this study, a novel approach employing ROCK inhibitor therapy was utilised for the treatment of corneal endotheliitis, leading to marked recovery during patient follow-up. This case report represents the inaugural application of the ROCK inhibitor netarsudil in managing corneal endothelial decompensation attributed to corneal endotheliitis. These findings suggest that this method warrants consideration as a potential novel treatment option for similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijing Deng
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jie
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Jang I, Menon S, Indra I, Basith R, Beningo KA. Calpain Small Subunit Mediated Secretion of Galectin-3 Regulates Traction Stress. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1247. [PMID: 38927454 PMCID: PMC11200796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex regulation of traction forces (TF) produced during cellular migration remains poorly understood. We have previously found that calpain 4 (Capn4), the small non-catalytic subunit of the calpain 1 and 2 proteases, regulates the production of TF independent of the proteolytic activity of the larger subunits. Capn4 was later found to facilitate tyrosine phosphorylation and secretion of the lectin-binding protein galectin-3 (Gal3). In this study, recombinant Gal3 (rGal3) was added to the media-enhanced TF generated by capn4-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Extracellular Gal3 also rescued defects in the distribution, morphology, and adhesive strength of focal adhesions present in capn4-/- MEF cells. Surprisingly, extracellular Gal3 does not influence mechanosensing. c-Abl kinase was found to affect Gal3 secretion and the production of TF through phosphorylation of Y107 on Gal3. Our study also suggests that Gal3-mediated regulation of TF occurs through signaling pathways triggered by β1 integrin but not by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) Y397 autophosphorylation. Our findings provide insights into the signaling mechanism by which Capn4 and secreted Gal3 regulate cell migration through the modulation of TF distinctly independent from a mechanosensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen A. Beningo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (I.J.)
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3
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Wang W, Zanotelli MR, Sabo LN, Fabiano ED, Goldfield NM, Le C, Techasiriwan EP, Lopez S, Berestesky ED, Reinhart-King CA. Collagen density regulates tip-stalk cell rearrangement during angiogenesis via cellular bioenergetics. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026120. [PMID: 38872716 PMCID: PMC11170328 DOI: 10.1063/5.0195249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature plays a crucial role in tumor progression, affecting nutrition and oxygen transportation as well as the efficiency of drug delivery. While targeting pro-angiogenic growth factors has been a significant focus for treating tumor angiogenesis, recent studies indicate that metabolism also plays a role in regulating endothelial cell behavior. Like cancer cells, tumor endothelial cells undergo metabolic changes that regulate rearrangement for tip cell position during angiogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that altered mechanical properties of the collagen matrix regulate angiogenesis and can promote a tumor vasculature phenotype. Here, we examine the effect of collagen density on endothelial cell tip-stalk cell rearrangement and cellular energetics during angiogenic sprouting. We find that increased collagen density leads to an elevated energy state and an increased rate of tip-stalk cell switching, which is correlated with the energy state of the cells. Tip cells exhibit higher glucose uptake than stalk cells, and inhibition of glucose uptake revealed that invading sprouts rely on glucose to meet elevated energy requirements for invasion in dense matrices. This work helps to elucidate the complex interplay between the mechanical microenvironment and the endothelial cell metabolic status during angiogenesis, which could have important implications for developing new anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | | | - Lindsey N. Sabo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Emily D. Fabiano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Natalie M. Goldfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Chloe Le
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Elle P. Techasiriwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Santiago Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Emily D. Berestesky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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4
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Zhang Y, Huang S, Cao Y, Li L, Yang J, Zhao M. New Opportunities for Electric Fields in Promoting Wound Healing: Collective Electrotaxis. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024. [PMID: 38780799 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE It has long been hypothesized that naturally occurring electric fields (EFs) aid wound healing by guiding cell migration. Consequently, the application of EFs has significant potential for promoting wound healing. However, the mechanisms underlying the cellular response to EFs remain unclear. Recent Advances: Although the directed migration of isolated single cells under EFs has been studied for decades, only recently has experimental evidence demonstrated the distinct collective migration of large sheets of keratinocytes and corneal epithelial cells in response to applied EFs. Accumulating evidence suggests that the emergent properties of cell groups in response to EF guidance offer new opportunities for EF-assisted directional migration. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we provide an overview of the field of collective electrotaxis, highlighting key advances made in recent years. We also discuss advanced engineering strategies utilized to manipulate collective electrotaxis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We outline a series of unanswered questions in this field and propose potential applications of collective electrotaxis in developing electrical stimulation technologies for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hangzhou Normal University, School of Public Health, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China, 311121;
| | - Shiwen Huang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Yifei Cao
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Li Li
- Army Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China;
| | - Jun Yang
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Min Zhao
- UC Davis, Dermatology, 1515 Newton Court, Derm Research, Davis, California, United States, CA 95618;
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5
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Pipili A, Babteen NA, Kuwair L, Jannet MB, Quist J, Ong KKV, Pitaluga R, Grigoriadis AG, Tutt A, Wells CM. PAK6 acts downstream of IQGAP3 to promote contractility in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111233. [PMID: 38763182 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that remains the most common malignancy among women worldwide. During genomic analysis of breast tumours, mRNA levels of IQGAP3 were found to be upregulated in triple negative tumours. IQGAP3 was subsequently found to be expressed across a panel of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Depleting expression levels of IQGAP3 delivered elongated cells, disrupted cell migration, and inhibited the ability of cells to form specialised invasive adhesion structures, termed invadopodia. The morphological changes induced by IQGAP3 depletion were found to be dependent on RhoA. Indeed, reduced expression of IQGAP3 disrupted RhoA activity and actomyosin contractility. Interestingly, IQGAP3 was also found to interact with p-21 activated kinase 6 (PAK6); a protein already associated with the regulation of cell morphology. Moreover, PAK6 depletion phenocopied IQGAP3 depletion in these cells. Whereas PAK6 overexpression rescued the IQGAP3 depletion phenotype. Our work points to an important PAK6-IQGAP3-RhoA pathway that drives the cellular contractility of breast cancer cells promoting both cell migration and adhesive invasion of these cells. As this phenotype is relevant to the process of metastasis and re-seeding of metastasis, the pharmacological targeting of PAK6 could lead to clinical benefit in TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Pipili
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK; Department of Biological Science, Collage of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Kuwair
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mahfuja Bulu Jannet
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jelmar Quist
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Karine K V Ong
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan Pitaluga
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Anita G Grigoriadis
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK; Tony Robins Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Claire M Wells
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK.
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6
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Li H, Han X, Song L, Li X, Zhang L, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Wang T, Huang Z, Jia Z, Yang J. LINC00645 inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by interacting with HNRNPA2B1 to regulate the ROCK1 mRNA stability. Gene 2024; 905:148232. [PMID: 38309317 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The lncRNA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). LINC00645 is one of the most different expressed lncRNA between RCC and normal renal tissue. However, the regulatory mechanism of LINC00645 in RCC remains unknown. Our results indicated that LINC00645 inhibited RCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, HNRNPA2B1 directly bound to ROCK1 mRNA and strengthened its stability. LINC00645 competitively bound to the RRM1 domain, which is responsible for interacting with ROCK1 mRNA, reducing ROCK1 mRNA level by affecting posttranscriptional destabilization. The expression of LINC00645 was significantly reduced in RCC cells, significantly upregulating ROCK1 by abolishing the interaction with HNRNPA2B1, finally promoting RCC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, RCC cells with lower LINC00645 expression were more sensitive to the ROCK1 inhibitor Y-27632. Our study indicates that decreased expression of LINC00645 promotes the RCC progression via HNRNPA2B1/ROCK1 axis, providing a promising treatment strategy for RCC patients with decreased LINC00645 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhibo Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhenlin Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Zhankui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
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7
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Yang Y, Han K, Huang S, Wang K, Wang Y, Ding S, Zhang L, Zhang M, Xu B, Ma S, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang X. Revelation of adhesive proteins affecting cellular contractility through reference-free traction force microscopy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3249-3261. [PMID: 38466580 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the critical role played by cellular contractility associated mechanotransduction in the regulation of cell functions has been revealed. In this case, numerous biomaterials have been chemically or structurally designed to manipulate cell behaviors through the regulation of cellular contractility. In particular, adhesive proteins including fibronectin, poly-L-lysine and collagen type I have been widely applied in various biomaterials to improve cell adhesion. Therefore, clarifying the effects of adhesive proteins on cellular contractility has been valuable for the development of biomaterial design. In this study, reference-free traction force microscopy with a well-organized microdot array was designed and prepared to investigate the relationship between adhesive proteins, cellular contractility, and mechanotransduction. The results showed that fibronectin and collagen type I were able to promote the assembly of focal adhesions and further enhance cellular contraction and YAP activity. In contrast, although poly-L-lysine supported cell spreading and elongation, it was inefficient at inducing cell contractility and activating YAP. Additionally, compared with cellular morphogenesis, cellular contraction was essential for YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Yang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Kuankuan Han
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shukai Ding
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shufang Ma
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengli Wu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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8
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Tian Q, Yang F, Jiang H, Bhattacharyya P, Xie T, Ali AA, Sun Y, You M. Imaging and detecting intercellular tensile forces in spheroids and embryoid bodies using lipid-modified DNA probes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1220079. [PMID: 37920824 PMCID: PMC10619156 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1220079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells continuously experience and respond to different physical forces that are used to regulate their physiology and functions. Our ability to measure these mechanical cues is essential for understanding the bases of various mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes. While multiple strategies have been developed to study mechanical forces within two-dimensional (2D) cell culture monolayers, the force measurement at cell-cell junctions in real three-dimensional (3D) cell models is still pretty rare. Considering that in real biological systems, cells are exposed to forces from 3D directions, measuring these molecular forces in their native environment is thus highly critical for the better understanding of different development and disease processes. We have recently developed a type of DNA-based molecular probe for measuring intercellular tensile forces in 2D cell models. Herein, we will report the further development and first-time usage of these molecular tension probes to visualize and detect mechanical forces within 3D spheroids and embryoid bodies (EBs). These probes can spontaneously anchor onto live cell membranes via the attached lipid moieties. By varying the concentrations of these DNA probes and their incubation time, we have first characterized the kinetics and efficiency of probe penetration and loading onto tumor spheroids and stem cell EBs of different sizes. After optimization, we have further imaged and measured E-cadherin-mediated forces in these 3D spheroids and EBs for the first time. Our results indicated that these DNA-based molecular tension probes can be used to study the spatiotemporal distributions of target mechanotransduction processes. These powerful imaging tools may be potentially applied to fill the gap between ongoing research of biomechanics in 2D systems and that in real 3D cell complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Feiyu Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Priyanka Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Tianfa Xie
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Ahsan Ausaf Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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9
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Ezzo M, Hinz B. Novel approaches to target fibroblast mechanotransduction in fibroproliferative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 250:108528. [PMID: 37708995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to changes in mechanical environment is vital in conditions of organ injury when the architecture of normal tissues is disturbed or lost. Among the various cellular players that respond to injury, fibroblasts take center stage in re-establishing tissue integrity by secreting and organizing extracellular matrix into stabilizing scar tissue. Activation, activity, survival, and death of scar-forming fibroblasts are tightly controlled by mechanical environment and proper mechanotransduction ensures that fibroblast activities cease after completion of the tissue repair process. Conversely, dysregulated mechanotransduction often results in fibroblast over-activation or persistence beyond the state of normal repair. The resulting pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is called fibrosis, a condition that has been associated with over 40% of all deaths in the industrialized countries. Consequently, elements in fibroblast mechanotransduction are scrutinized for their suitability as anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. We review the current knowledge on mechanically relevant factors in the fibroblast extracellular environment, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion structures, stretch-activated membrane channels, stress-regulated cytoskeletal structures, and co-transcription factors. We critically discuss the targetability of these elements in therapeutic approaches and their progress in pre-clinical and/or clinical trials to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ezzo
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Keenan Research Institute for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Wang XC, Tang YL, Liang XH. Tumour follower cells: A novel driver of leader cells in collective invasion (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:115. [PMID: 37615176 PMCID: PMC10552739 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cellular invasion in malignant tumours is typically characterized by the cooperative migration of multiple cells in close proximity to each other. Follower cells are led away from the tumour by specialized leader cells, and both cell populations play a crucial role in collective invasion. Follower cells form the main body of the migration system and depend on intercellular contact for migration, whereas leader cells indicate the direction for the entire cell population. Although collective invasion can occur in epithelial and non‑epithelial malignant neoplasms, such as medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, the present review mainly provided an extensive analysis of epithelial tumours. In the present review, the cooperative mechanisms of contact inhibition locomotion between follower and leader cells, where follower cells coordinate and direct collective movement through physical (mechanical) and chemical (signalling) interactions, is summarised. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of follower cell invasion and metastasis during remodelling and degradation of the extracellular matrix and how chemotaxis and lateral inhibition mediate follower cell behaviour were analysed. It was also demonstrated that follower cells exhibit genetic and metabolic heterogeneity during invasion, unlike leader cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Wang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Departments of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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11
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Wilczyński JR, Wilczyński M, Paradowska E. "DEPHENCE" system-a novel regimen of therapy that is urgently needed in the high-grade serous ovarian cancer-a focus on anti-cancer stem cell and anti-tumor microenvironment targeted therapies. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1201497. [PMID: 37448521 PMCID: PMC10338102 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1201497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, especially high-grade serous type, is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. The lack of screening programs and the scarcity of symptomatology result in the late diagnosis in about 75% of affected women. Despite very demanding and aggressive surgical treatment, multiple-line chemotherapy regimens and both approved and clinically tested targeted therapies, the overall survival of patients is still unsatisfactory and disappointing. Research studies have recently brought some more understanding of the molecular diversity of the ovarian cancer, its unique intraperitoneal biology, the role of cancer stem cells, and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. There is a growing body of evidence that individualization of the treatment adjusted to the molecular and biochemical signature of the tumor as well as to the medical status of the patient should replace or supplement the foregoing therapy. In this review, we have proposed the principles of the novel regimen of the therapy that we called the "DEPHENCE" system, and we have extensively discussed the results of the studies focused on the ovarian cancer stem cells, other components of cancer metastatic niche, and, finally, clinical trials targeting these two environments. Through this, we have tried to present the evolving landscape of treatment options and put flesh on the experimental approach to attack the high-grade serous ovarian cancer multidirectionally, corresponding to the "DEPHENCE" system postulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Miłosz Wilczyński
- Department of Gynecological, Endoscopic and Oncological Surgery, Polish Mother's Health Center-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Paradowska
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Lin WJ, Pathak A. Transitions in density, pressure, and effective temperature drive collective cell migration into confining environments. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.10.536258. [PMID: 37090663 PMCID: PMC10120636 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.10.536258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cell collectives migrate through tissue interfaces and crevices to orchestrate processes of development, tumor invasion, and wound healing. Naturally, traversal of cell collective through confining environments involves crowding due to the narrowing space, which seems tenuous given the conventional inverse relationship between cell density and migration. However, physical transitions required to overcome such epithelial densification for migration across confinements remain unclear. Here, in contiguous microchannels, we show that epithelial (MCF10A) monolayers accumulate higher cell density before entering narrower channels; however, overexpression of breast cancer oncogene +ErbB2 reduced this need for density accumulation across confinement. While wildtype MCF10A cells migrated faster in narrow channels, this confinement sensitivity reduced after +ErbB2 mutation or with constitutively-active RhoA. The migrating collective developed pressure differentials upon encountering microchannels, like fluid flow into narrowing spaces, and this pressure dropped with their continued migration. These transitions of pressure and density altered cell shapes and increased effective temperature, estimated by treating cells as granular thermodynamic system. While +RhoA cells and those in confined regions were effectively warmer, cancer-like +ErbB2 cells remained cooler. Epithelial reinforcement by metformin treatment increased density and temperature differentials across confinement, indicating that higher cell cohesion could reduce unjamming. Our results provide experimental evidence for previously proposed theories of inverse relationship between density and motility-related effective temperature. Indeed, we show across cell lines that confinement increases pressure and effective temperature, which enable migration by reducing density. This physical interpretation of collective cell migration as granular matter could advance our understanding of complex living systems.
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13
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Nakamura M, Hui J, Parkhurst SM. Bending actin filaments: twists of fate. Fac Rev 2023; 12:7. [PMID: 37081903 PMCID: PMC10111394 DOI: 10.12703/r/12-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In many cellular contexts, intracellular actomyosin networks must generate directional forces to carry out cellular tasks such as migration and endocytosis, which play important roles during normal developmental processes. A number of different actin binding proteins have been identified that form linear or branched actin, and that regulate these filaments through activities such as bundling, crosslinking, and depolymerization to create a wide variety of functional actin assemblies. The helical nature of actin filaments allows them to better accommodate tensile stresses by untwisting, as well as to bend to great curvatures without breaking. Interestingly, this latter property, the bending of actin filaments, is emerging as an exciting new feature for determining dynamic actin configurations and functions. Indeed, recent studies using in vitro assays have found that proteins including IQGAP, Cofilin, Septins, Anillin, α-Actinin, Fascin, and Myosins-alone or in combination-can influence the bending or curvature of actin filaments. This bending increases the number and types of dynamic assemblies that can be generated, as well as the spectrum of their functions. Intriguingly, in some cases, actin bending creates directionality within a cell, resulting in a chiral cell shape. This actin-dependent cell chirality is highly conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates and is essential for cell migration and breaking L-R symmetry of tissues/organs. Here, we review how different types of actin binding protein can bend actin filaments, induce curved filament geometries, and how they impact on cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Justin Hui
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA 98109
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14
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Cao J, Li H, Tang H, Gu X, Wang Y, Guan D, Du J, Fan Y. Stiff Extracellular Matrix Promotes Invasive Behaviors of Trophoblast Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030384. [PMID: 36978775 PMCID: PMC10045595 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness on embryonic trophoblast cells invasion during mammalian embryo implantation remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of ECM stiffness on various aspects of human trophoblast cell behaviors during cell-ECM interactions. The mechanical microenvironment of the uterus was simulated by fabricating polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels with different levels of stiffness. The human choriocarcinoma (JAR) cell lineage was used as the trophoblast model. We found that the spreading area of JAR cells, the formation of focal adhesions, and the polymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton were all facilitated with increased ECM stiffness. Significantly, JAR cells also exhibited durotactic behavior on ECM with a gradient stiffness. Meanwhile, stiffness of the ECM affects the invasion of multicellular JAR spheroids. These results demonstrated that human trophoblast cells are mechanically sensitive, while the mechanical properties of the uterine microenvironment could play an important role in the implantation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
- Sino-French Engineer School, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuenan Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nanotechnology for Single Cell Analysis, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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15
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Barcelo J, Samain R, Sanz-Moreno V. Preclinical to clinical utility of ROCK inhibitors in cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:250-263. [PMID: 36599733 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ROCK belongs to the AGC family of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are involved in many cellular processes. ROCK-driven actomyosin contractility regulates cytoskeletal dynamics underpinning cell migration, proliferation, and survival in many cancer types. ROCK1/2 play key protumorigenic roles in several subtypes and stages of cancer development. Therefore, successfully targeting ROCK and its downstream effectors presents an interesting avenue for cancer treatment. Because local use of ROCK inhibitors will reduce the side effects of systemic administration, we propose different therapeutic strategies and latest-generation ROCK inhibitors for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Barcelo
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Remi Samain
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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16
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Schuster R, Younesi F, Ezzo M, Hinz B. The Role of Myofibroblasts in Physiological and Pathological Tissue Repair. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2023; 15:cshperspect.a041231. [PMID: 36123034 PMCID: PMC9808581 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are the construction workers of wound healing and repair damaged tissues by producing and organizing collagen/extracellular matrix (ECM) into scar tissue. Scar tissue effectively and quickly restores the mechanical integrity of lost tissue architecture but comes at the price of lost tissue functionality. Fibrotic diseases caused by excessive or persistent myofibroblast activity can lead to organ failure. This review defines myofibroblast terminology, phenotypic characteristics, and functions. We will focus on the central role of the cell, ECM, and tissue mechanics in regulating tissue repair by controlling myofibroblast action. Additionally, we will discuss how therapies based on mechanical intervention potentially ameliorate wound healing outcomes. Although myofibroblast physiology and pathology affect all organs, we will emphasize cutaneous wound healing and hypertrophic scarring as paradigms for normal tissue repair versus fibrosis. A central message of this review is that myofibroblasts can be activated from multiple cell sources, varying with local environment and type of injury, to either restore tissue integrity and organ function or create an inappropriate mechanical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schuster
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Younesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3E2 Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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17
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Liu C, Nguyen RY, Pizzurro GA, Zhang X, Gong X, Martinez AR, Mak M. Self-assembly of mesoscale collagen architectures and applications in 3D cell migration. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:167-181. [PMID: 36371004 PMCID: PMC9805527 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
3D in vitro tumor models have recently been investigated as they can recapitulate key features in the tumor microenvironment. Reconstruction of a biomimetic scaffold is critical in these models. However, most current methods focus on modulating local properties, e.g. micro- and nano-scaled topographies, without capturing the global millimeter or intermediate mesoscale features. Here we introduced a method for modulating the collagen I-based extracellular matrix structure by disruption of fibrillogenesis and the gelation process through mechanical agitation. With this method, we generated collagen scaffolds that are thickened and wavy at a larger scale while featuring global softness. Thickened collagen patches were interconnected with loose collagen networks, highly resembling collagen architecture in the tumor stroma. This thickened collagen network promoted tumor cell dissemination. In addition, this novel modified scaffold triggered differences in morphology and migratory behaviors of tumor cells. Altogether, our method for altered collagen architecture paves new ways for studying in detail cell behavior in physiologically relevant biological processes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Tumor progression usually involves chronic tissue damage and repair processes. Hallmarks of tumors are highly overlapped with those of wound healing. To mimic the tumor milieu, collagen-based scaffolds are widely used. These scaffolds focus on modulating microscale topographies and mechanics, lacking global architecture similarity compared with in vivo architecture. Here we introduced one type of thick collagen bundles that mimics ECM architecture in human skin scars. These thickened collagen bundles are long and wavy while featuring global softness. This collagen architecture imposes fewer steric restraints and promotes tumor cell dissemination. Our findings demonstrate a distinct picture of cell behaviors and intercellular interactions, highlighting the importance of collagen architecture and spatial heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Ryan Y Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Gabriela A Pizzurro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Xingjian Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Xiangyu Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | | | - Michael Mak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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18
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Ioratim-Uba A, Loisy A, Henkes S, Liverpool TB. The nonlinear motion of cells subject to external forces. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9008-9016. [PMID: 36399136 PMCID: PMC10141577 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To develop a minimal model for a cell moving in a crowded environment such as in tissue, we investigate the response of a liquid drop of active matter moving on a flat rigid substrate to forces applied at its boundaries. We consider two different self-propulsion mechanisms, active stresses and treadmilling polymerisation, and we investigate how the active drop motion is altered by these surface forces. We find a highly non-linear response to forces that we characterise using drop velocity, drop shape, and the traction between the drop and the substrate. Each self-propulsion mechanism gives rise to two main modes of motion: a long thin drop with zero traction in the bulk, mostly occurring under strong stretching forces, and a parabolic drop with finite traction in the bulk, mostly occurring under strong squeezing forces. In each case there is a sharp transition between parabolic, and long thin drops as a function of the applied forces and indications of drop break-up where large forces stretch the drop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aurore Loisy
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.
| | - Silke Henkes
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK.
- Lorentz Institute for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 CA, The Netherlands
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19
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Bonche R, Smolen P, Chessel A, Boisivon S, Pisano S, Voigt A, Schaub S, Thérond P, Pizette S. Regulation of the collagen IV network by the basement membrane protein perlecan is crucial for squamous epithelial cell morphogenesis and organ architecture. Matrix Biol 2022; 114:35-66. [PMID: 36343860 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
All epithelia have their basal side in contact with a specialized extracellular matrix, the basement membrane (BM). During development, the BM contributes to the shaping of epithelial organs via its mechanical properties. These properties rely on two core components of the BM, collagen type IV and perlecan/HSPG2, which both interact with another core component, laminin, the initiator of BM assembly. While collagen type IV supplies the BM with rigidity to constrain the tissue, perlecan antagonizes this effect. Nevertheless, the number of organs that has been studied is still scarce, and given that epithelial tissues exhibit a wide array of shapes, their forms are bound to be regulated by distinct mechanisms. This is underscored by mounting evidence that BM composition and assembly/biogenesis is tissue-specific. Moreover, previous reports have essentially focused on the mechanical role of the BM in morphogenesis at the tissue scale, but not the cell scale. Here, we took advantage of the robust conservation of core BM proteins and the limited genetic redundancy of the Drosophila model system to address how this matrix shapes the wing imaginal disc, a complex organ comprising a squamous, a cuboidal and a columnar epithelium. With the use of a hypomorphic allele, we show that the depletion of Trol (Drosophila perlecan) affects the morphogenesis of the three epithelia, but particularly that of the squamous one. The planar surface of the squamous epithelium (SE) becomes extremely narrow, due to a function for Trol in the control of the squamous shape of its cells. Furthermore, we find that the lack of Trol impairs the biogenesis of the BM of the SE by modifying the structure of the collagen type IV lattice. Through atomic force microscopy and laser surgery, we demonstrate that Trol provides elasticity to the SE's BM, thereby regulating the mechanical properties of the SE. Moreover, we show that Trol acts via collagen type IV, since the global reduction in the trol mutant context of collagen type IV or the enzyme that cross-links its 7S -but not the enzyme that cross-links its NC1- domain substantially restores the morphogenesis of the SE. In addition, a stronger decrease in collagen type IV achieved by the overexpression of the matrix metalloprotease 2 exclusively in the BM of the SE, significantly rescues the organization of the two other epithelia. Our data thus sustain a model in which Trol counters the rigidity conveyed by collagen type IV to the BM of the SE, via the regulation of the NC1-dependant assembly of its scaffold, allowing the spreading of the squamous cells, spreading which is compulsory for the architecture of the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prune Smolen
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Voigt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
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20
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Yongabi D, Khorshid M, Losada‐Pérez P, Bakhshi Sichani S, Jooken S, Stilman W, Theßeling F, Martens T, Van Thillo T, Verstrepen K, Dedecker P, Vanden Berghe P, Lettinga MP, Bartic C, Lieberzeit P, Schöning MJ, Thoelen R, Fransen M, Wübbenhorst M, Wagner P. Synchronized, Spontaneous, and Oscillatory Detachment of Eukaryotic Cells: A New Tool for Cell Characterization and Identification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200459. [PMID: 35780480 PMCID: PMC9403630 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of cell characterization and identification for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, developing fast and label-free methods without (bio)-chemical markers or surface-engineered receptors remains challenging. Here, we exploit the natural cellular response to mild thermal stimuli and propose a label- and receptor-free method for fast and facile cell characterization. Cell suspensions in a dedicated sensor are exposed to a temperature gradient, which stimulates synchronized and spontaneous cell-detachment with sharply defined time-patterns, a phenomenon unknown from literature. These patterns depend on metabolic activity (controlled through temperature, nutrients, and drugs) and provide a library of cell-type-specific indicators, allowing to distinguish several yeast strains as well as cancer cells. Under specific conditions, synchronized glycolytic-type oscillations are observed during detachment of mammalian and yeast-cell ensembles, providing additional cell-specific signatures. These findings suggest potential applications for cell viability analysis and for assessing the collective response of cancer cells to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick Yongabi
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Mehran Khorshid
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Patricia Losada‐Pérez
- Faculté des SciencesExperimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST)Université Libre de BruxellesBoulevard du Triomphe ACC.2BrusselsB‐1050Belgium
| | - Soroush Bakhshi Sichani
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Stijn Jooken
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Wouter Stilman
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Florian Theßeling
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenGaston Geenslaan 1HeverleeB‐3001Belgium
| | - Tobie Martens
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS)Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and AgeingKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Toon Van Thillo
- BiochemistryMolecular and Structural BiologyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 GLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Systems BiologyVIB Center for MicrobiologyDepartment of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenGaston Geenslaan 1HeverleeB‐3001Belgium
| | - Peter Dedecker
- BiochemistryMolecular and Structural BiologyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 GLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS)Department of Chronic Diseases Metabolism and AgeingKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Minne Paul Lettinga
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
- Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes (IBI‐4)Research Center Jülich GmbHLeo‐Brandt‐StraßeD‐52425JülichGermany
| | - Carmen Bartic
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Peter Lieberzeit
- Faculty of ChemistryDepartment of Physical ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer, Straße 38ViennaA‐1090Austria
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano‐ and Biotechnologies INBAachen University of Applied SciencesHeinrich‐Mußmann‐Straße 1D‐52428JülichGermany
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials ResearchHasselt UniversityWetenschapspark 1DiepenbeekB‐3590Belgium
| | - Marc Fransen
- Laboratory of Peroxisome Biology and Intracellular CommunicationDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineKU LeuvenHerestraat 49LeuvenB‐3000Belgium
| | - Michael Wübbenhorst
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and BiophysicsDepartment of Physics and AstronomyKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200 DLeuvenB‐3001Belgium
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21
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Local synthesis of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate lipid drives focal adhesion turnover. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1694-1711.e7. [PMID: 35809565 PMCID: PMC7613278 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesions are multifunctional organelles that couple cell-matrix adhesion to cytoskeletal force transmission and signaling and to steer cell migration and collective cell behavior. Whereas proteomic changes at focal adhesions are well understood, little is known about signaling lipids in focal adhesion dynamics. Through the characterization of cells from mice with a kinase-inactivating point mutation in the class II PI3K-C2β, we find that generation of the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) membrane lipid promotes focal adhesion disassembly in response to changing environmental conditions. We show that reduced growth factor signaling sensed by protein kinase N, an mTORC2 target and effector of RhoA, synergizes with the adhesion disassembly factor DEPDC1B to induce local synthesis of PtdIns(3,4)P2 by PI3K-C2β. PtdIns(3,4)P2 then promotes turnover of RhoA-dependent stress fibers by recruiting the PtdIns(3,4)P2-dependent RhoA-GTPase-activating protein ARAP3. Our findings uncover a pathway by which cessation of growth factor signaling facilitates cell-matrix adhesion disassembly via a phosphoinositide lipid switch.
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22
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Topography-induced large-scale antiparallel collective migration in vascular endothelium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2797. [PMID: 35589751 PMCID: PMC9120158 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of vascular endothelial cells is central for embryonic development, angiogenesis, and wound closure. Although physical confinement of cell assemblies has been shown to elicit specific patterns of collective movement in various cell types, endothelial migration in vivo often occurs without confinement. Here we show that unconfined endothelial cell monolayers on microgroove substrates that mimic the anisotropic organization of the extracellular matrix exhibit a specific type of collective movement that takes the form of a periodic pattern of antiparallel cell streams. We further establish that the development of these streams requires intact cell-cell junctions and that stream sizes are particularly sensitive to groove depth. Finally, we show that modeling the endothelial cell sheet as an active fluid with the microgrooves acting as constraints on cell orientation predicts the occurrence of the periodic antiparallel cell streams as well as their lengths and widths. We posit that in unconfined cell assemblies, physical factors that constrain or bias cellular orientation such as anisotropic extracellular matrix cues or directed flow-derived shear forces dictate the pattern of collective cell movement. The physical environment dictates the emergence of specific patterns of collective cell migration. Here, authors show that unconfined endothelial monolayers on microgroove substrates exhibit an original pattern of antiparallel cell streams.
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23
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Pasapera AM, Heissler SM, Eto M, Nishimura Y, Fischer RS, Thiam HR, Waterman CM. MARK2 regulates directed cell migration through modulation of myosin II contractility and focal adhesion organization. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2704-2718.e6. [PMID: 35594862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell migration during metastasis is mediated by a highly polarized cytoskeleton. MARK2 and its invertebrate homolog Par1B are kinases that regulate the microtubule cytoskeleton to mediate polarization of neurons in mammals and embryos in invertebrates. However, the role of MARK2 in cancer cell migration is unclear. Using osteosarcoma cells, we found that in addition to its known localizations on microtubules and the plasma membrane, MARK2 also associates with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Cells depleted of MARK proteins demonstrated that MARK2 promotes phosphorylation of both myosin II and the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit MYPT1 to synergistically drive myosin II contractility and stress fiber formation in cells. Studies with isolated proteins showed that MARK2 directly phosphorylates myosin II regulatory light chain, while its effects on MYPT1 phosphorylation are indirect. Using a mutant lacking the membrane-binding domain, we found that membrane association is required for focal adhesion targeting of MARK2, where it specifically enhances cell protrusion by promoting FAK phosphorylation and formation of focal adhesions oriented in the direction of migration to mediate directionally persistent cell motility. Together, our results define MARK2 as a master regulator of the actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeletal systems and focal adhesions to mediate directional cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pasapera
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 370 W. 9th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Masumi Eto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoino-oka, Imabari, Ehime 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimura
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Developmental Physiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Robert S Fischer
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hawa R Thiam
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, South Drive, Room 4537, MSC 8019, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Teng T, Teng CS, Kaartinen V, Bush JO. A unique form of collective epithelial migration is crucial for tissue fusion in the secondary palate and can overcome loss of epithelial apoptosis. Development 2022; 149:275520. [PMID: 35593401 PMCID: PMC9188751 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue fusion frequently requires the removal of an epithelium that intervenes distinct primordia to form one continuous structure. In the mammalian secondary palate, a midline epithelial seam (MES) forms between two palatal shelves and must be removed to allow mesenchymal confluence. Abundant apoptosis and cell extrusion support their importance in MES removal. However, genetically disrupting the intrinsic apoptotic regulators BAX and BAK within the MES results in complete loss of cell death and cell extrusion, but successful removal of the MES. Novel static- and live-imaging approaches reveal that the MES is removed through streaming migration of epithelial trails and islands to reach the oral and nasal epithelial surfaces. Epithelial trail cells that express the basal epithelial marker ΔNp63 begin to express periderm markers, suggesting that migration is concomitant with differentiation. Live imaging reveals anisotropic actomyosin contractility within epithelial trails, and genetic ablation of actomyosin contractility results in dispersion of epithelial collectives and failure of normal MES migration. These findings demonstrate redundancy between cellular mechanisms of morphogenesis, and reveal a crucial and unique form of collective epithelial migration during tissue fusion. Summary: Multiple cellular processes mediate secondary palate fusion, including a unique form of streaming collective epithelial migration driven by pulsatile actomyosin contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Camilla S. Teng
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
| | - Vesa Kaartinen
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry 5 Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences , , Ann Arbor, MI 48109 , USA
| | - Jeffrey O. Bush
- University of California San Francisco 1 Department of Cell and Tissue Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- University of California San Francisco 2 Program in Craniofacial Biology , , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco 3 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco 4 , San Francisco, CA 94143 , USA
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25
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Kim HS, Suh JS, Jang YK, Ahn SH, Choi GH, Yang JY, Lim GH, Jung Y, Jiang J, Sun J, Suk M, Wang Y, Kim TJ. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Single-Cell Imaging Reveals Piezo1-Induced Ca 2+ Flux Mediates Membrane Ruffling and Cell Survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:865056. [PMID: 35646889 PMCID: PMC9136143 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.865056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1 induces non-selective cation flux in response to various mechanical stresses. However, the biological interpretation and underlying mechanisms of cells resulting from Piezo1 activation remain elusive. This study elucidates Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx driven by channel activation and cellular behavior using novel Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based biosensors and single-cell imaging analysis. Results reveal that extracellular Ca2+ influx via Piezo1 requires intact caveolin, cholesterol, and cytoskeletal support. Increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels enhance PKA, ERK, Rac1, and ROCK activity, which have the potential to promote cancer cell survival and migration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Piezo1-mediated Ca2+ influx upregulates membrane ruffling, a characteristic feature of cancer cell metastasis, using spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the function of Piezo1, suggesting that Piezo1 plays a significant role in the behavior of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heon-Su Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kwan Jang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Ho Choi
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Myungeun Suk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Institute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Tae-Jin Kim,
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26
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Song J, Yi X, Gao R, Sun L, Wu Z, Zhang S, Huang L, Han C, Ma J. Impact of Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dynamics on T Cell Immune Modulation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873834. [PMID: 35432303 PMCID: PMC9008543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, various breakthroughs have been made in tumor immunotherapy that have contributed to prolonging the survival of tumor patients. However, only a subset of patients respond to immunotherapy, which limits its use. One reason for this is that the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinders the migration and infiltration of T cells and affects their continuous functioning, resulting in an exhausted phenotype. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism by which T cells become exhausted is of significance for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Several recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in the immune surveillance function of T cells. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a key protein that mediates mitochondrial fission and maintains the mitochondrial dynamic network. Drp1 regulates various activities of T cells in vivo by mediating the activation of a series of pathways. In addition, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics were observed in exhausted T cells in the TME. As a potential target for immunotherapy, in this review, we describe in detail how Drp1 regulates various physiological functions of T cells and induces changes in mitochondrial dynamics in the TME, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Song
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruolin Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Letian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengbo Han
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jietao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Alhashem Z, Feldner-Busztin D, Revell C, Alvarez-Garcillan Portillo M, Camargo-Sosa K, Richardson J, Rocha M, Gauert A, Corbeaux T, Milanetto M, Argenton F, Tiso N, Kelsh RN, Prince VE, Bentley K, Linker C. Notch controls the cell cycle to define leader versus follower identities during collective cell migration. eLife 2022; 11:e73550. [PMID: 35438077 PMCID: PMC9129880 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordination of cell proliferation and migration is fundamental for life, and its dysregulation has catastrophic consequences, such as cancer. How cell cycle progression affects migration, and vice versa, remains largely unknown. We address these questions by combining in silico modelling and in vivo experimentation in the zebrafish trunk neural crest (TNC). TNC migrate collectively, forming chains with a leader cell directing the movement of trailing followers. We show that the acquisition of migratory identity is autonomously controlled by Notch signalling in TNC. High Notch activity defines leaders, while low Notch determines followers. Moreover, cell cycle progression is required for TNC migration and is regulated by Notch. Cells with low Notch activity stay longer in G1 and become followers, while leaders with high Notch activity quickly undergo G1/S transition and remain in S-phase longer. In conclusion, TNC migratory identities are defined through the interaction of Notch signalling and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Alhashem
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Revell
- Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Lab, Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Karen Camargo-Sosa
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Joanna Richardson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Manuel Rocha
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Anton Gauert
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Tatianna Corbeaux
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Robert N Kelsh
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Katie Bentley
- Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Lab, Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Informatics, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claudia Linker
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Guy's Campus, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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28
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Ertekin Ö, Monavari M, Krüger R, Fuentes-Chandía M, Parma B, Letort G, Tripal P, Boccaccini AR, Bosserhoff AK, Ceppi P, Kappelmann-Fenzl M, Leal-Egaña A. 3D hydrogel-based microcapsules as an in vitro model to study tumorigenicity, cell migration and drug resistance. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:208-220. [PMID: 35167953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as artificial tumor model. These tumor-like scaffolds are characterized by their composition and stiffness (∼25 kPa), and their capability to restrict -but not hinder- cell migration, proliferation and release from confinement. Hydrogel-based microcapsules were initially utilized to detect differences in mechano-sensitivity between MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Additionally, we used RNA-seq and transcriptomic methods to determine how the culture strategy (i.e. 2D v/s 3D) may pre-set the expression of genes involved in multidrug resistance, being then validated by performing cytotoxicological tests and assays of cell morphology. Our results show that both breast cancer cells can generate elongated multicellular spheroids inside the microcapsules, prior being released (mimicking intravasation stages), a behavior which was not observed in endothelial cells. Further, we demonstrate that cells isolated from 3D scaffolds show resistance to cisplatin, a process which seems to be strongly influenced by mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia. We finally discuss the role played by aneuploidy in malignancy and resistance to anticancer drugs, based on the increased number of polynucleated cells found within these microcapsules. Overall, our outcomes demonstrate that alginate-gelatin microcapsules represent a simple, yet very accurate tumor-like model, enabling us to mimic the most relevant malignant hints described in vivo, suggesting that confinement and mechanical stress need to be considered when studying pathogenicity and drug resistance of cancer cells in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as an artificial tumor model. These scaffolds are characterized by their composition, elastic properties, and their ability to restrict cell migration, proliferation, and release from confinement. Our results demonstrate four novel outcomes: (i) studying cell migration and proliferation in 3D enabled discrimination between malignant and non-pathogenic cells, (ii) studying the cell morphology of cancer aggregates entrapped in alginate-gelatin microcapsules enabled determination of malignancy degree in vitro, (iii) determination that confinement and mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia, are required to generate clones resistant to anticancer drugs (i.e. cisplatin), and (iv) evidence that resistance to anticancer drugs could be due to the presence of polynucleated cells localized inside polymer-based artificial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Ertekin
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Diagno Biotechnology, Marmara Technopark, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahshid Monavari
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - René Krüger
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, and University Clinics Erlangen, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Chandía
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beatrice Parma
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Gaelle Letort
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France UMR7241/U1050, 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris 75231 CEDEX 05, France
| | - Philipp Tripal
- Optical Imaging Centre Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Anja K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Glueckstrasse 6, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Melanie Kappelmann-Fenzl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Faculty of Applied Informatics, University of Applied Science Deggendorf, Deggendorf 94469, Germany
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- Institute of Biomaterials, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, Erlangen 91058, Germany; Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering, University of Heidelberg. INF 253, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Nasser M, Ghosh G. Engineering tumor constructs to study matrix-dependent angiogenic signaling of breast cancer cells. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3250. [PMID: 35312222 PMCID: PMC9233024 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among females globally. The crosstalk between tumor microenvironment and neoplastic cells is the key for promoting tumor growth, stimulating tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis to distant organs. Thus, it is highly important to investigate tumor cell-matrix interactions to facilitate screening of different anti-cancer agents, individually or in combination. We, herein report, the development of an in vitro three-dimensional (3D) breast cancer model to investigate the effect of stromal crosslinking and consequent, stiffening on the angiogenic activity of cancer cells. Crosslinking of collagen gels was altered via non-enzymatic glycation and highly aggressive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, were encapsulated in these gels. Cells encapsulated in glycated/stiffer matrices displayed an increased expression of pro-angiogenesis-related signals. Inhibition of mechanotransduction pathways on the angiogenic activity of aggressive tumor cells in stiff matrices was investigated using Y-27632, blebbistatin, and cytochalasin D. Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, Y-27632, diminished the pro-angiogenic signaling, thereby suggesting the potential dependence of breast cancer cells on the Rho/ROCK pathway in regulating tumor angiogenesis. Our findings highlight the potential of the developed model to be used as a tool to investigate matrix-associated tumor angiogenesis and screen different therapeutic agents towards inhibiting it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Nasser
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Bioengineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan, USA
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30
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Mierke CT. Viscoelasticity, Like Forces, Plays a Role in Mechanotransduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:789841. [PMID: 35223831 PMCID: PMC8864183 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.789841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscoelasticity and its alteration in time and space has turned out to act as a key element in fundamental biological processes in living systems, such as morphogenesis and motility. Based on experimental and theoretical findings it can be proposed that viscoelasticity of cells, spheroids and tissues seems to be a collective characteristic that demands macromolecular, intracellular component and intercellular interactions. A major challenge is to couple the alterations in the macroscopic structural or material characteristics of cells, spheroids and tissues, such as cell and tissue phase transitions, to the microscopic interferences of their elements. Therefore, the biophysical technologies need to be improved, advanced and connected to classical biological assays. In this review, the viscoelastic nature of cytoskeletal, extracellular and cellular networks is presented and discussed. Viscoelasticity is conceptualized as a major contributor to cell migration and invasion and it is discussed whether it can serve as a biomarker for the cells’ migratory capacity in several biological contexts. It can be hypothesized that the statistical mechanics of intra- and extracellular networks may be applied in the future as a powerful tool to explore quantitatively the biomechanical foundation of viscoelasticity over a broad range of time and length scales. Finally, the importance of the cellular viscoelasticity is illustrated in identifying and characterizing multiple disorders, such as cancer, tissue injuries, acute or chronic inflammations or fibrotic diseases.
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31
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Hart KC, Sim JY, Hopcroft MA, Cohen DJ, Tan J, Nelson WJ, Pruitt BL. An Easy-to-Fabricate Cell Stretcher Reveals Density-Dependent Mechanical Regulation of Collective Cell Movements in Epithelia. Cell Mol Bioeng 2021; 14:569-581. [PMID: 34900011 PMCID: PMC8630312 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-021-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mechanical forces regulate many facets of cell and tissue biology. Studying the effects of forces on cells requires real-time observations of single- and multi-cell dynamics in tissue models during controlled external mechanical input. Many of the existing devices used to conduct these studies are costly and complicated to fabricate, which reduces the availability of these devices to many laboratories.
Methods We show how to fabricate a simple, low-cost, uniaxial stretching device, with readily available materials and instruments that is compatible with high-resolution time-lapse microscopy of adherent cell monolayers. In addition, we show how to construct a pressure controller that induces a repeatable degree of stretch in monolayers, as well as a custom MATLAB code to quantify individual cell strains. Results As an application note using this device, we show that uniaxial stretch slows down cellular movements in a mammalian epithelial monolayer in a cell density-dependent manner. We demonstrate that the effect on cell movement involves the relocalization of myosin downstream of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). Conclusions This mechanical device provides a platform for broader involvement of engineers and biologists in this important area of cell and tissue biology. We used this device to demonstrate the mechanical regulation of collective cell movements in epithelia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-021-00689-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Hart
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Present Address: IGM Biosciences, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
| | - Joo Yong Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Present Address: Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, 04310 Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew A. Hopcroft
- Red Dog Research, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2002 Bioengineering Building, 494 UCEN Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - Daniel J. Cohen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Present Address: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
| | - Jiongyi Tan
- Department of Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Present Address: Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - W. James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Beth L. Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Biophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, 2002 Bioengineering Building, 494 UCEN Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
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32
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Allam A, Yakou M, Pang L, Ernst M, Huynh J. Exploiting the STAT3 Nexus in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Improve Cancer Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767939. [PMID: 34858425 PMCID: PMC8632218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of a heterogenous population of cells that exist alongside the extracellular matrix and soluble components. These components can shape an environment that is conducive to tumor growth and metastatic spread. It is well-established that stromal cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the TME play a pivotal role in creating and maintaining a growth-permissive environment for tumor cells. A growing body of work has uncovered that tumor cells recruit and educate CAFs to remodel the TME, however, the mechanisms by which this occurs remain incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a key transcription factor that regulates the function of CAFs, and their crosstalk with tumor and immune cells within the TME. CAF-intrinsic STAT3 activity within the TME correlates with tumor progression, immune suppression and eventually the establishment of metastases. In this review, we will focus on the roles of STAT3 in regulating CAF function and their crosstalk with other cells constituting the TME and discuss the utility of targeting STAT3 within the TME for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Allam
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Yakou
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lokman Pang
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Huynh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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Graziani V, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Maiques O, Sanz-Moreno V. The amoeboid state as part of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programme. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:228-242. [PMID: 34836782 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell migration is essential for many biological processes, while abnormal cell migration is characteristic of cancer cells. Epithelial cells become motile by undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mesenchymal cells increase migration speed by adopting amoeboid features. This review highlights how amoeboid behaviour is not merely a migration mode but rather a cellular state - within the EMT spectra - by which cancer cells survive, invade and colonise challenging microenvironments. Molecular biomarkers and physicochemical triggers associated with amoeboid behaviour are discussed, including an amoeboid associated tumour microenvironment. We reflect on how amoeboid characteristics support metastasis and how their liabilities could turn into therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Graziani
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Imashiro C, Kang B, Lee Y, Hwang YH, Im S, Kim DE, Takemura K, Lee H. Propagating acoustic waves on a culture substrate regulate the directional collective cell migration. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:90. [PMID: 34786204 PMCID: PMC8581020 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00304-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays a critical role in physiological and pathological processes such as development, wound healing, and metastasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated how various types of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues dictate the collective migratory behaviors of cells. Although an acoustic cue can be advantageous because of its noninvasiveness and biocompatibility, cell migration in response to acoustic stimulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a device that is able to apply surface acoustic waves to a cell culture substrate and investigated the effect of propagating acoustic waves on collective cell migration. The migration distance estimated at various wave intensities revealed that unidirectional cell migration was enhanced at a critical wave intensity and that it was suppressed as the intensity was further increased. The increased migration might be attributable to cell orientation alignment along the direction of the propagating wave, as characterized by nucleus shape. Thicker actin bundles indicative of a high traction force were observed in cells subjected to propagating acoustic waves at the critical intensity. Our device and technique can be useful for regulating cellular functions associated with cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikahiro Imashiro
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Byungjun Kang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunam Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youn-Hoo Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghun Im
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenjiro Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hyungsuk Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Lee SY, Choi SH, Lee MS, Kurmashev A, Lee HN, Ko YG, Lee K, Jeong S, Seong J, Kang JH, Kim H. Retraction fibers produced by fibronectin-integrin α5β1 interaction promote motility of brain tumor cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21906. [PMID: 34490940 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100452rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a refractory disease that has a highly infiltrative characteristic. Over the past decade, GBM perivascular niche (PVN) has been described as a route of dissemination. Here, we investigated that trailed membrane structures, namely retraction fibers (RFs), are formed by perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. By using the anatomical GBM database, we validated that the ECM-related genes were highly expressed in the cells within the PVN where fibronectin (FN) induced RF formation. By disrupting candidates of FN-binding integrins, integrin α5β1 was identified as the main regulator of RF formation. De novo RFs were produced at the trailing edge, and focal adhesions were actively localized in RFs, indicating that adhesive force makes RFs remain at the bottom surface. Furthermore, we observed that GBM cells more frequently migrated along the residual RFs formed by preceding cells in microfluidic channels in comparison to those in the channels without RFs, suggesting that the infiltrative characteristics GBM could be attributed to RFs formed by the preceding cells in concert with chemoattractant cues. Altogether, we demonstrated that shedding membrane structures of GBM cells are maintained by FN-integrin α5β1 interaction and promoted their motility .
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Amanzhol Kurmashev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo H Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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36
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Vilchez Mercedes SA, Bocci F, Levine H, Onuchic JN, Jolly MK, Wong PK. Decoding leader cells in collective cancer invasion. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:592-604. [PMID: 34239104 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collective cancer invasion with leader-follower organization is increasingly recognized as a predominant mechanism in the metastatic cascade. Leader cells support cancer invasion by creating invasion tracks, sensing environmental cues and coordinating with follower cells biochemically and biomechanically. With the latest developments in experimental and computational models and analysis techniques, the range of specific traits and features of leader cells reported in the literature is rapidly expanding. Yet, despite their importance, there is no consensus on how leader cells arise or their essential characteristics. In this Perspective, we propose a framework for defining the essential aspects of leader cells and provide a unifying perspective on the varying cellular and molecular programmes that are adopted by each leader cell subtype to accomplish their functions. This Perspective can lead to more effective strategies to interdict a major contributor to metastatic capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Bocci
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Department of Physics, and Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - José N Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry and Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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37
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Qin L, Yang D, Yi W, Cao H, Xiao G. Roles of leader and follower cells in collective cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1267-1272. [PMID: 34184941 PMCID: PMC8351552 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a widely observed phenomenon during animal development, tissue repair, and cancer metastasis. Considering its broad involvement in biological processes, it is essential to understand the basics behind the collective movement. Based on the topology of migrating populations, tissue-scale kinetics, called the “leader–follower” model, has been proposed for persistent directional collective movement. Extensive in vivo and in vitro studies reveal the characteristics of leader cells, as well as the special mechanisms leader cells employ for maintaining their positions in collective migration. However, follower cells have attracted increasing attention recently due to their important contributions to collective movement. In this Perspective, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the “leader–follower” model is reviewed with a special focus on the force transmission and diverse roles of leaders and followers during collective cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
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38
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Kojima M, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi M, Ichikawa-Tomikawa N, Kashiwagi K, Watanabe T, Soeda S, Fujimori K, Chiba H. Aberrant Claudin-6-Adhesion Signaling Promotes Endometrial Cancer Progression via Estrogen Receptor α. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1208-1220. [PMID: 33727343 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion proteins not only maintain tissue integrity, but also possess signaling abilities to organize diverse cellular events in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes; however, the underlying mechanism remains obscure. Among cell adhesion molecules, the claudin (CLDN) family is often aberrantly expressed in various cancers, but the biological relevance and molecular basis for this observation have not yet been established. Here, we show that high CLDN6 expression accelerates cellular proliferation and migration in two distinct human endometrial cancer cell lines in vitro. Using a xenograft model, we also revealed that aberrant CLDN6 expression promotes tumor growth and invasion in endometrial cancer tissues. The second extracellular domain and Y196/200 of CLDN6 were required to recruit and activate Src-family kinases (SFK) and to stimulate malignant phenotypes. Knockout and overexpression of ESR1 in endometrial carcinoma cells showed that the CLDN6-adhesion signal links to estrogen receptor α (ERα) to advance tumor progression. In particular, aberrant CLDN6-ERα signaling contributed to collective cell behaviors in the leading front of endometrial cancer cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that CLDN6/SFK/PI3K-dependent AKT and SGK (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase) signaling in endometrial cancer cells targets Ser518 in the human ERα to activate ERα transcriptional activity in a ligand-independent manner, thereby promoting tumor progression. Furthermore, CLDN6, at least in part, also regulated gene expression in an ERα-independent manner. IMPLICATIONS: The identification of this machinery highlights regulation of the transcription factors by cell adhesion to advance tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kojima
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoki Ichikawa-Tomikawa
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Korehito Kashiwagi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shu Soeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Keiya Fujimori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
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39
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Jiang S, Li H, Zeng Q, Xiao Z, Zhang X, Xu M, He Y, Wei Y, Deng X. The Dynamic Counterbalance of RAC1-YAP/OB-Cadherin Coordinates Tissue Spreading with Stem Cell Fate Patterning. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004000. [PMID: 34026448 PMCID: PMC8132063 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue spreading represents a key morphogenetic feature of embryonic development and regenerative medicine. However, how molecular signaling orchestrates the spreading dynamics and cell fate commitment of multicellular tissue remains poorly understood. Here, it is demonstrated that the dynamic counterbalance between RAC1-YAP and OB-cadherin plays a key role in coordinating heterogeneous spreading dynamics with distinct cell fate patterning during collective spreading. The spatiotemporal evolution of individual stem cells in spheroids during collective spreading is mapped. Time-lapse cell migratory trajectory analysis combined with in situ cellular biomechanics detection reveal heterogeneous patterns of collective spreading characteristics, where the cells at the periphery are faster, stiffer, and directional compared to those in the center of the spheroid. Single-cell sequencing shows that the divergent spreading result in distinct cell fate patterning, where differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism are enhanced in peripheral cells. Molecular analysis demonstrates that the increased expression of RAC1-YAP rather than OB-cadherin facilitated cell spreading and induced differentiation, and vice versa. The in vivo wound healing experiment confirms the functional role of RAC1-YAP signaling in tissue spreading. These findings shed light on the mechanism of tissue morphogenesis in the progression of development and provide a practical strategy for desirable regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Zuohui Xiao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Department of Dental Materials & Dental Medical Devices Testing CenterNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Mingming Xu
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric DentistryPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081P. R. China
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40
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Chen X, Lu F, Yuan Y. The Application and Mechanism of Action of External Volume Expansion in Soft Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 27:181-197. [PMID: 32821009 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xihang Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Southern Medical University, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells generating circulating homotypic clusters adaptive to fluid shear stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6150. [PMID: 33731803 PMCID: PMC7969766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Once disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) arrive at a metastatic organ, they remain there, latent, and become seeds of metastasis. However, the clonal composition of DTCs in a latent state remains unclear. Here, we applied high-resolution DNA barcode tracking to a mouse model that recapitulated the metastatic dormancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We found that clones abundantly circulated peripheral blood dominated DTCs. Through analyses of multiple barcoded clonal lines, we identified specific subclonal population that preferentially generated homotypic circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters and dominated DTCs. Despite no notable features under static conditions, this population significantly generated stable cell aggregates that were resistant to anoikis under fluid shear stress (FSS) conditions in an E-cadherin-dependent manner. Our data from various cancer cell lines indicated that the ability of aggregate-constituting cells to regulate cortical actin-myosin dynamics governed the aggregates' stability in FSS. The CTC cluster-originating cells were characterized by the expression of a subset of E-cadherin binding factors enriched with actin cytoskeleton regulators. Furthermore, this expression signature was associated with locoregional and metastatic recurrence in HNSCC patients. These results reveal a biological selection of tumor cells capable of generating FSS-adaptive CTC clusters, which leads to distant colonization.
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42
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Mondrinos MJ, Alisafaei F, Yi AY, Ahmadzadeh H, Lee I, Blundell C, Seo J, Osborn M, Jeon TJ, Kim SM, Shenoy VB, Huh D. Surface-directed engineering of tissue anisotropy in microphysiological models of musculoskeletal tissue. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/11/eabe9446. [PMID: 33712463 PMCID: PMC7954445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an approach to model and adapt the mechanical regulation of morphogenesis that uses contractile cells as sculptors of engineered tissue anisotropy in vitro. Our method uses heterobifunctional cross-linkers to create mechanical boundary constraints that guide surface-directed sculpting of cell-laden extracellular matrix hydrogel constructs. Using this approach, we engineered linearly aligned tissues with structural and mechanical anisotropy. A multiscale in silico model of the sculpting process was developed to reveal that cell contractility increases as a function of principal stress polarization in anisotropic tissues. We also show that the anisotropic biophysical microenvironment of linearly aligned tissues potentiates soluble factor-mediated tenogenic and myogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The application of our method is demonstrated by (i) skeletal muscle arrays to screen therapeutic modulators of acute oxidative injury and (ii) a 3D microphysiological model of lung cancer cachexia to study inflammatory and oxidative muscle injury induced by tumor-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Mondrinos
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Farid Alisafaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex Y Yi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Insu Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Cassidy Blundell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeongyun Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Osborn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tae-Joon Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sun Min Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Vivek B Shenoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dongeun Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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43
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Cheong SS, Akram KM, Matellan C, Kim SY, Gaboriau DCA, Hind M, del Río Hernández AE, Griffiths M, Dean CH. The Planar Polarity Component VANGL2 Is a Key Regulator of Mechanosignaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577201. [PMID: 33195213 PMCID: PMC7658195 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
VANGL2 is a component of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which regulates tissue polarity and patterning. The Vangl2 Lp mutation causes lung branching defects due to dysfunctional actomyosin-driven morphogenesis. Since the actomyosin network regulates cell mechanics, we speculated that mechanosignaling could be impaired when VANGL2 is disrupted. Here, we used live-imaging of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from Vangl2 Lp/+ mice to determine that alveologenesis is attenuated as a result of impaired epithelial cell migration. Vangl2 Lp/+ tracheal epithelial cells (TECs) and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) exhibited highly disrupted actomyosin networks and focal adhesions (FAs). Functional assessment of cellular forces confirmed impaired traction force generation in Vangl2 Lp/+ TECs. YAP signaling in Vangl2 Lp airway epithelium was reduced, consistent with a role for VANGL2 in mechanotransduction. Furthermore, activation of RhoA signaling restored actomyosin organization in Vangl2 Lp/+ , confirming RhoA as an effector of VANGL2. This study identifies a pivotal role for VANGL2 in mechanosignaling, which underlies the key role of the PCP pathway in tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sek-Shir Cheong
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khondoker M. Akram
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Matellan
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Yunsun Kim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David C. A. Gaboriau
- Facility for Imaging by Light Microscopy, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hind
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Armando E. del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Griffiths
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Peri-Operative Medicine Department, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H. Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Harwell Institute, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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44
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Agarwal P, Zaidel-Bar R. Mechanosensing in embryogenesis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 68:1-9. [PMID: 32898827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical forces generated by living cells at the molecular level propagate to the cellular and organismal level and have profound consequences for embryogenesis. A direct result of force application is movement, as occurs in chromosome separation, cell migration, or tissue folding. A less direct, but equally important effect of force, is the activation of mechanosensitive signaling, which allows cells to probe their mechanical surrounding and communicate with each other over short and long distances. In this review, we focus on forces as a means of conveying information and affecting cell behavior during embryogenesis. We discuss four developmental processes that demonstrate the involvement of force in cell fate determination, growth, morphogenesis, and organogenesis, in a variety of model organisms. Finally, a generalizable pathway of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction in vivo is described, and we highlight similarities between morphogens and forces in patterning of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Agarwal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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45
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4-Hydroxyacetophenone modulates the actomyosin cytoskeleton to reduce metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22423-22429. [PMID: 32848073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014639117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are the cause of the vast majority of cancer deaths. In the metastatic process, cells migrate to the vasculature, intravasate, extravasate, and establish metastatic colonies. This pattern of spread requires the cancer cells to change shape and to navigate tissue barriers. Approaches that block this mechanical program represent new therapeutic avenues. We show that 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP) inhibits colon cancer cell adhesion, invasion, and migration in vitro and reduces the metastatic burden in an in vivo model of colon cancer metastasis to the liver. Treatment with 4-HAP activates nonmuscle myosin-2C (NM2C) (MYH14) to alter actin organization, inhibiting the mechanical program of metastasis. We identify NM2C as a specific therapeutic target. Pharmacological control of myosin isoforms is a promising approach to address metastatic disease, one that may be readily combined with other therapeutic strategies.
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46
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A "Numerical Evo-Devo" Synthesis for the Identification of Pattern-Forming Factors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081840. [PMID: 32764501 PMCID: PMC7463486 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals display extensive diversity in motifs adorning their coat, yet these patterns have reproducible orientation and periodicity within species or groups. Morphological variation has been traditionally used to dissect the genetic basis of evolutionary change, while pattern conservation and stability in both mathematical and organismal models has served to identify core developmental events. Two patterning theories, namely instruction and self-organisation, emerged from this work. Combined, they provide an appealing explanation for how natural patterns form and evolve, but in vivo factors underlying these mechanisms remain elusive. By bridging developmental biology and mathematics, novel frameworks recently allowed breakthroughs in our understanding of pattern establishment, unveiling how patterning strategies combine in space and time, or the importance of tissue morphogenesis in generating positional information. Adding results from surveys of natural variation to these empirical-modelling dialogues improves model inference, analysis, and in vivo testing. In this evo-devo-numerical synthesis, mathematical models have to reproduce not only given stable patterns but also the dynamics of their emergence, and the extent of inter-species variation in these dynamics through minimal parameter change. This integrative approach can help in disentangling molecular, cellular and mechanical interaction during pattern establishment.
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Zhao B, Li N, Xie T, Bagheri Y, Liang C, Keshri P, Sun Y, You M. Quantifying tensile forces at cell-cell junctions with a DNA-based fluorescent probe. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8558-8566. [PMID: 34123115 PMCID: PMC8163409 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01455a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are physically contacting with each other. Direct and precise quantification of forces at cell–cell junctions is still challenging. Herein, we have developed a DNA-based ratiometric fluorescent probe, termed DNAMeter, to quantify intercellular tensile forces. These lipid-modified DNAMeters can spontaneously anchor onto live cell membranes. The DNAMeter consists of two self-assembled DNA hairpins of different force tolerance. Once the intercellular tension exceeds the force tolerance to unfold a DNA hairpin, a specific fluorescence signal will be activated, which enables the real-time imaging and quantification of tensile forces. Using E-cadherin-modified DNAMeter as an example, we have demonstrated an approach to quantify, at the molecular level, the magnitude and distribution of E-cadherin tension among epithelial cells. Compatible with readily accessible fluorescence microscopes, these easy-to-use DNA tension probes can be broadly used to quantify mechanotransduction in collective cell behaviors. A DNA-based fluorescent probe to quantify the magnitude and distribution of tensile forces at cell–cell junctions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Ningwei Li
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Tianfa Xie
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Yousef Bagheri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Chungwen Liang
- Computational and Modeling Core, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS), University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Puspam Keshri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Yubing Sun
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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The Mechanical Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061452. [PMID: 32503141 PMCID: PMC7352870 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is the interpretation of physical cues by cells through mechanosensation mechanisms that elegantly translate mechanical stimuli into biochemical signaling pathways. While mechanical stress and their resulting cellular responses occur in normal physiologic contexts, there are a variety of cancer-associated physical cues present in the tumor microenvironment that are pathological in breast cancer. Mechanistic in vitro data and in vivo evidence currently support three mechanical stressors as mechanical modifiers in breast cancer that will be the focus of this review: stiffness, interstitial fluid pressure, and solid stress. Increases in stiffness, interstitial fluid pressure, and solid stress are thought to promote malignant phenotypes in normal breast epithelial cells, as well as exacerbate malignant phenotypes in breast cancer cells.
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Kim SK, Jang SD, Kim H, Chung S, Park JK, Kuh HJ. Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Plasticity of Cancer Cell Migration in a Pancreatic Tumor Three-Dimensional Culture Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051305. [PMID: 32455681 PMCID: PMC7281339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive cancer cell migration is a key feature of metastatic human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated modes of cancer cell invasion using two pancreatic cancer cell lines with differential epithelial–mesenchymal status, PANC-1 and BxPC-3, under 3D culture conditions. Multicellular tumor spheroids (TSs) were grown in a collagen matrix co-cultured with pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) using microchannel chips. PANC-1 cells showed individual migration from TSs via invadopodium formation. BxPC-3 cells showed plasticity between collective and individual migration in either mesenchymal mode, with filopodium-like protrusions, or blebby amoeboid mode. These two cell lines showed significantly different patterns of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, with MMP-dependent degradation in a limited area of ECM around invadopodia for PANC-1 cells, or MMP-independent extensive deformation of ECM for BxPC-3 cells. Cancer cell migration out of the collagen channel significantly increased by PSCs and directional cancer cell migration was mediated by fibronectin deposited by PSCs. Our results highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of PDAC cell migration and ECM remodeling under 3D culture conditions. This 3D co-culture model of pancreatic cancer cells and PSCs offers a useful tool for studying cancer cell migration and ECM remodeling to identify and develop potential molecular targets and anti-cancer agents against human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
| | - So Dam Jang
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
| | - Hyunho Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (H.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252, Korea;
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (S.-K.K.); (S.D.J.)
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Sadahiro R, Knight B, James F, Hannon E, Charity J, Daniels IR, Burrage J, Knox O, Crawford B, Smart NJ, Mill J. Major surgery induces acute changes in measured DNA methylation associated with immune response pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5743. [PMID: 32238836 PMCID: PMC7113299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery is an invasive procedure evoking acute inflammatory and immune responses that can influence risk for postoperative complications including cognitive dysfunction and delirium. Although the specific mechanisms driving these responses have not been well-characterized, they are hypothesized to involve the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We quantified genome-wide levels of DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) longitudinally collected from a cohort of elderly patients undergoing major surgery, comparing samples collected at baseline to those collected immediately post-operatively and at discharge from hospital. We identified acute changes in measured DNA methylation at sites annotated to immune system genes, paralleling changes in serum-levels of markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) measured in the same individuals. Many of the observed changes in measured DNA methylation were consistent across different types of major surgery, although there was notable heterogeneity between surgery types at certain loci. The acute changes in measured DNA methylation induced by surgery are relatively stable in the post-operative period, generally persisting until discharge from hospital. Our results highlight the dramatic alterations in gene regulation induced by invasive surgery, primarily reflecting upregulation of the immune system in response to trauma, wound healing and anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sadahiro
- Department of Immune Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan. .,University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Bridget Knight
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ffion James
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - John Charity
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Daniels
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Burrage
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia Knox
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Crawford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Smart
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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