1
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Chao CF, Pesch YY, Yu H, Wang C, Aristizabal MJ, Huan T, Tanentzapf G, Rideout E. An important role for triglyceride in regulating spermatogenesis. eLife 2024; 12:RP87523. [PMID: 38805376 PMCID: PMC11132686 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Drosophila is a powerful model to study how lipids affect spermatogenesis. Yet, the contribution of neutral lipids, a major lipid group which resides in organelles called lipid droplets (LD), to sperm development is largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests LD are present in the testis and that loss of neutral lipid- and LD-associated genes causes subfertility; however, key regulators of testis neutral lipids and LD remain unclear. Here, we show LD are present in early-stage somatic and germline cells within the Drosophila testis. We identified a role for triglyceride lipase brummer (bmm) in regulating testis LD, and found that whole-body loss of bmm leads to defects in sperm development. Importantly, these represent cell-autonomous roles for bmm in regulating testis LD and spermatogenesis. Because lipidomic analysis of bmm mutants revealed excess triglyceride accumulation, and spermatogenic defects in bmm mutants were rescued by genetically blocking triglyceride synthesis, our data suggest that bmm-mediated regulation of triglyceride influences sperm development. This identifies triglyceride as an important neutral lipid that contributes to Drosophila sperm development, and reveals a key role for bmm in regulating testis triglyceride levels during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F Chao
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yanina-Yasmin Pesch
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Huaxu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Chenjingyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | | | - Tao Huan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Guy Tanentzapf
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Elizabeth Rideout
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
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2
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Liu S, Liu X, Xian J, Feng Z, Tian Y, Wang W, Tian X. Visualizing intracellular membrane interactions and cell type-specific differentiation in ferroptosis and apoptosis with Boranil-Carbazole derivative. Bioorg Chem 2024; 142:106949. [PMID: 37918149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid systems play essential roles in various physiological functions and cell growth processes. However, our understanding of the intricate interactions within this system, especially between mitochondria and lipid droplets, is limited, particularly in the context of cancer cells' altered lipid metabolism. To address this, our study introduces an N-B-O BODIPY-hexylcarbazole derivative, named Cz-Boranil, that sets a new benchmark in visualizing these critical interactions. Cz-Boranil's unique capability lies in its ability to display distinct intracellular distribution patterns in both normal and cancer cells, offering nuanced cell type-specific differentiation. More impressively, this probe tracks the coordinated interactions of lipid droplets and mitochondria during the critical processes of ferroptosis and apoptosis. We believe that the innovative capabilities of Cz-Boranil will revolutionize our understanding of intracellular lipid interactions and prove pivotal in identifying and studying cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangke Liu
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jinghong Xian
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Weiya Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
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3
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Oyer HM, Steck AR, Longen CG, Venkat S, Bayrak K, Munger EB, Fu D, Castagnino PA, Sanders CM, Tancler NA, Mai MT, Myers JP, Schiewer MJ, Chen N, Mostaghel EA, Kim FJ. Sigma1 Regulates Lipid Droplet-mediated Redox Homeostasis Required for Prostate Cancer Proliferation. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2195-2210. [PMID: 37874216 PMCID: PMC10615122 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are dynamic organelles that serve as hubs of cellular metabolic processes. Emerging evidence shows that LDs also play a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis and can mitigate lipid oxidative stress. In multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, LD accumulation is associated with cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor clinical outcome. Prostate cancer arises as an androgen receptor (AR)-driven disease. Among its myriad roles, AR mediates the biosynthesis of LDs, induces autophagy, and modulates cellular oxidative stress in a tightly regulated cycle that promotes cell proliferation. The factors regulating the interplay of these metabolic processes downstream of AR remain unclear. Here, we show that Sigma1/SIGMAR1, a unique ligand-operated scaffolding protein, regulates LD metabolism in prostate cancer cells. Sigma1 inhibition triggers lipophagy, an LD selective form of autophagy, to prevent accumulation of LDs which normally act to sequester toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This disrupts the interplay between LDs, autophagy, buffering of oxidative stress and redox homeostasis, and results in the suppression of cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with these experimental results, SIGMAR1 transcripts are strongly associated with lipid metabolism and ROS pathways in prostate tumors. Altogether, these data reveal a novel, pharmacologically responsive role for Sigma1 in regulating the redox homeostasis required by oncogenic metabolic programs that drive prostate cancer proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE To proliferate, cancer cells must maintain productive metabolic and oxidative stress (eustress) while mitigating destructive, uncontrolled oxidative stress (distress). LDs are metabolic hubs that enable adaptive responses to promote eustress. Targeting the unique Sigma1 protein can trigger distress by disrupting the LD-mediated homeostasis required for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M. Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra R. Steck
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles G. Longen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjana Venkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konuralp Bayrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleanor B. Munger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paola A. Castagnino
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M. Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathalia A. Tancler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - My T. Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin P. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elahe A. Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Felix J. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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4
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Chen P, Wu M, He Y, Jiang B, He ML. Metabolic alterations upon SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential therapeutic targets against coronavirus infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:237. [PMID: 37286535 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection has become a global pandemic due to the high viral transmissibility and pathogenesis, bringing enormous burden to our society. Most patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Although only a small proportion of patients progressed to severe COVID-19 with symptoms including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated coagulopathy, and cardiovascular disorders, severe COVID-19 is accompanied by high mortality rates with near 7 million deaths. Nowadays, effective therapeutic patterns for severe COVID-19 are still lacking. It has been extensively reported that host metabolism plays essential roles in various physiological processes during virus infection. Many viruses manipulate host metabolism to avoid immunity, facilitate their own replication, or to initiate pathological response. Targeting the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host metabolism holds promise for developing therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent studies dedicated to uncovering the role of host metabolism during the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aspects of entry, replication, assembly, and pathogenesis with an emphasis on glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. Microbiota and long COVID-19 are also discussed. Ultimately, we recapitulate metabolism-modulating drugs repurposed for COVID-19 including statins, ASM inhibitors, NSAIDs, Montelukast, omega-3 fatty acids, 2-DG, and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mandi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaqing He
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Binghua Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Proteomic Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, Hong Kong, China.
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5
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Najt CP, Adhikari S, Heden TD, Cui W, Gansemer ER, Rauckhorst AJ, Markowski TW, Higgins L, Kerr EW, Boyum MD, Alvarez J, Brunko S, Mehra D, Puchner EM, Taylor EB, Mashek DG. Organelle interactions compartmentalize hepatic fatty acid trafficking and metabolism. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112435. [PMID: 37104088 PMCID: PMC10278152 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelle interactions play a significant role in compartmentalizing metabolism and signaling. Lipid droplets (LDs) interact with numerous organelles, including mitochondria, which is largely assumed to facilitate lipid transfer and catabolism. However, quantitative proteomics of hepatic peridroplet mitochondria (PDM) and cytosolic mitochondria (CM) reveals that CM are enriched in proteins comprising various oxidative metabolism pathways, whereas PDM are enriched in proteins involved in lipid anabolism. Isotope tracing and super-resolution imaging confirms that fatty acids (FAs) are selectively trafficked to and oxidized in CM during fasting. In contrast, PDM facilitate FA esterification and LD expansion in nutrient-replete medium. Additionally, mitochondrion-associated membranes (MAM) around PDM and CM differ in their proteomes and ability to support distinct lipid metabolic pathways. We conclude that CM and CM-MAM support lipid catabolic pathways, whereas PDM and PDM-MAM allow hepatocytes to efficiently store excess lipids in LDs to prevent lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Najt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D Heden
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenqi Cui
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Erica R Gansemer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Todd W Markowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Evan W Kerr
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew D Boyum
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jonas Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sophia Brunko
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dushyant Mehra
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Elias M Puchner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Douglas G Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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6
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Lin JX, Xu CY, Wu XM, Che L, Li TY, Mo SM, Guo DB, Lin ZN, Lin YC. Rab7a-mTORC1 signaling-mediated cholesterol trafficking from the lysosome to mitochondria ameliorates hepatic lipotoxicity induced by aflatoxin B1 exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138071. [PMID: 36754296 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common contaminant in many foodstuffs and is considered a public health concern worldwide due to its hepatotoxicity caused by lipid metabolism disorders. However, the molecular mechanism underlying AFB1-induced lipotoxicity-dependent liver injury via regulating cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. We established a cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity model with AFB1 mixture exposure in vitro (HepaRG and HepG2 cells, 1.6 μM for 36 h) and in vivo (C57BL/6 mice, 3 mg kg-1, i.g., every other day for 6 weeks). In vitro, the interaction between lysosomal Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) protein and mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) regulated lipotoxicity induced by AFB1 mixture exposure, including lysosomal membrane permeabilization and mitochondria-dependent necroptosis. Moreover, the downregulation of lysosomal Ras-associated protein 7a (Rab7a) enhanced the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated disorders of cholesterol trafficking from the lysosome to mitochondria. Furthermore, cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity induced by the low-dose level of AFB1 exposure was relieved by genetic or pharmaceutic activation of Rab7a to inhibit mTORC1 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo, mTORC1 inhibitor (Torin1, 4 mg kg-1, i.p., every other day for 3 weeks) alleviated the cholesterol trafficking disorder-mediated hepatic lipotoxicity via upregulating the molecular machinery of lysosomes and mitochondria contact mediated by NPC1 and TSPO interaction in the low dose of AFB1 exposure. Altogether, our data suggested a novel mechanism that lysosomal Rab7a-mTORC1 signaling determined the cholesterol trafficking regulated by NPC1-TSPO from the lysosome to mitochondria, which promoted hepatic lipotoxicity via lysosomal quality control and mitochondria-dependent necroptosis signaling pathways in chemical mixture exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chi-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin-Mou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lin Che
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Su-Min Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dong-Bei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Ning Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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7
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Liu MX, Xu L, Zhu PF, Li X, Shan M, Jin W, Chen J, Ling Y, Zhang XL. Two-photon excited red-green "discoloration" bioprobes for monitoring lipid droplets and lipid droplet-lysosomal autophagy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3186-3194. [PMID: 36946887 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02621j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) and their autophagy by lysosomes are closely related to a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, identifying and tracking LDs and the dynamic process of autophagy can provide useful information for the diagnostics and treatment of related diseases. However, few organic small molecule-based fluorescent probes can specifically recognize LDs and dynamically track their autophagy process. Herein, we synthesized a "discoloration" fluorescent bioprobe DPABP-BI with distinguishable features including red fluorescence emission (630 nm), large Stokes shift (145 nm), two-photon excitation and outstanding photostability and biocompatibility. In particular, LDs could be specifically identified via the red fluorescence emission of DPABP-BI (colocalization constant of 0.98), while autophagolysosomes could be visualized via the green fluorescence emission of its acid-hydrolyzed product (colocalization constant of 0.90) to track the autophagy dynamic process. In addition, DPABP-BI enabled the specific recognition of fatty substances in zebrafish larvae. In this study, a two-photon excited red light small molecule probe was constructed to identify LDs and track their autophagy dynamic process by changing the fluorescence emission wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Li Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Miao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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8
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Teng L. 4-PBA inhibits hypoxia-induced lipolysis in rat adipose tissue and lipid accumulation in the liver through regulating ER stress. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:1223-1231. [PMID: 36911831 PMCID: PMC10002945 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia may disturb the metabolic modulation and function of both adipose tissue and liver. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle in lipid metabolism and ER stress is closely correlated with lipid metabolism dysfunction. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the inhibition of ER stress could alleviate hypoxia-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation-mediated hepatic injury. A rat model of high-altitude hypoxia (5500 m) was established using hypobaric chamber. The response of ER stress and lipolysis-related pathways were analyzed in WAT under hypoxia exposure with or without 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) treatment. Liver lipid accumulation, liver injury, and apoptosis were evaluated. Hypoxia evoked significant ER stress in WAT, evidenced by increased GRP78, CHOP, and phosphorylation of IRE1α, PERK. Moreover, Lipolysis in perirenal WAT significantly increased under hypoxia, accompanied with increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin. Treatment with 4-PBA, inhibitor of ER stress, effectively attenuated hypoxia-induced lipolysis via cAMP-PKA-HSL/perilipin pathway. In addition, 4-PBA treatment significantly inhibited the increase in fatty acid transporters (CD36, FABP1, FABP4) and ameliorated liver FFA accumulation. 4-PBA treatment significantly attenuated liver injury and apoptosis, which is likely resulting from decreased liver lipid accumulation. Our results highlight the importance of ER stress in hypoxia-induced WAT lipolysis and liver lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Xiong
- Department of Pathology Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China.,Department of Pathophysiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS); School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Beijing China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Yantai China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Yantai China
| | - Lianghong Teng
- Department of Pathology Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
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9
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Role of T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on Immunometabolism Dysfunctions. Inflammation 2023; 46:88-102. [PMID: 36215002 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Evidence demonstrated that metabolic-associated T cell abnormalities could be detected in the early stage of RA development. In this context, molecular evaluations have revealed changes in metabolic pathways, leading to the aggressive phenotype of RA T cells. A growing list of genes is downregulated or upregulated in RA T cells, and most of these genes with abnormal expression fall into the category of metabolic pathways. It has been shown that RA T cells shunt glucose towards the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which is associated with a high level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and intermediate molecules. An increased level of NADPH inhibits ATM activation and thereby increases the proliferation capabilities of the RA T cells. Defects in the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A cause failures in repairing mitochondrial DNA, resulting in inhibiting the fatty acid oxidation pathway and further elevated cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Accumulated lipid droplets employ to generate lipid membranes for the cell building program and are also used to form the front-end membrane ruffles that are accomplices with invasive phenotypes of RA T cells. Metabolic pathway involvement in RA pathogenesis expands the pathogenic concept of the disease beyond the common view of autoimmunity triggered by autoantigen recognition. Increased knowledge about metabolic pathways' implications in RA pathogenesis paves the way to understand better the environment/gene interactions and host/microbiota interactions and introduce potential therapeutic approaches. This review summarized emerging data about the roles of T cells in RA pathogenesis with a focus on immunometabolism dysfunctions and how these metabolic alterations can affect the disease process.
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10
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Intracellular Citrate/acetyl-CoA flux and endoplasmic reticulum acetylation: Connectivity is the answer. Mol Metab 2022; 67:101653. [PMID: 36513219 PMCID: PMC9792894 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Key cellular metabolites reflecting the immediate activity of metabolic enzymes as well as the functional metabolic state of intracellular organelles can act as powerful signal regulators to ensure the activation of homeostatic responses. The citrate/acetyl-CoA pathway, initially recognized for its role in intermediate metabolism, has emerged as a fundamental branch of this nutrient-sensing homeostatic response. Emerging studies indicate that fluctuations in acetyl-CoA availability within different cellular organelles and compartments provides substrate-level regulation of many biological functions. A fundamental aspect of these regulatory functions involves Nε-lysine acetylation. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we will examine the emerging regulatory functions of the citrate/acetyl-CoA pathway and the specific role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acetylation machinery in the maintenance of intracellular crosstalk and homeostasis. These functions will be analyzed in the context of associated human diseases and specific mouse models of dysfunctional ER acetylation and citrate/acetyl-CoA flux. A primary objective of this review is to highlight the complex yet integrated response of compartment- and organelle-specific Nε-lysine acetylation to the intracellular availability and flux of acetyl-CoA, linking this important post-translational modification to cellular metabolism. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The ER acetylation machinery regulates the proteostatic functions of the organelle as well as the metabolic crosstalk between different intracellular organelles and compartments. This crosstalk enables the cell to impart adaptive responses within the ER and the secretory pathway. However, it also enables the ER to impart adaptive responses within different cellular organelles and compartments. Defects in the homeostatic balance of acetyl-CoA flux and ER acetylation reflect different but converging disease states in humans as well as converging phenotypes in relevant mouse models. In conclusion, citrate and acetyl-CoA should not only be seen as metabolic substrates of intermediate metabolism but also as signaling molecules that direct functional adaptation of the cell to both intracellular and extracellular messages. Future discoveries in CoA biology and acetylation are likely to yield novel therapeutic approaches.
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11
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Choi YJ, Zaikova K, Yeom SJ, Kim YS, Lee DW. Biogenesis and Lipase-Mediated Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1243. [PMID: 35567244 PMCID: PMC9105935 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mainly contain neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters, which are considered energy reserves. The metabolic pathways associated with LDs in eukaryotic species are involved in diverse cellular functions. TAG synthesis in plants is mediated by the sequential involvement of two subcellular organelles, i.e., plastids - plant-specific organelles, which serve as the site of lipid synthesis, and the ER. TAGs and sterol esters synthesized in the ER are sequestered to form LDs through the cooperative action of several proteins, such as SEIPINs, LD-associated proteins, LDAP-interacting proteins, and plant-specific proteins such as oleosins. The integrity and stability of LDs are highly dependent on oleosins, especially in the seeds, and oleosin degradation is critical for efficient mobilization of the TAGs of plant LDs. As the TAGs mobilize in LDs during germination and post-germinative growth, a plant-specific lipase-sugar-dependent 1 (SDP1)-plays a major role, through the inter-organellar communication between the ER and peroxisomes. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the different processes involved in the biogenesis and degradation of plant LDs, followed by a discussion of future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kseniia Zaikova
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Su Kim
- Wild Plants Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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12
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Yang L, Patel KD, Rathnam C, Thangam R, Hou Y, Kang H, Lee KB. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Applications Using Multifunctional Magnetic Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104783. [PMID: 35132796 PMCID: PMC9344859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (e.g., exosomes) carrying various biomolecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) have rapidly emerged as promising platforms for many biomedical applications. Despite their enormous potential, their heterogeneity in surfaces and sizes, the high complexity of cargo biomolecules, and the inefficient uptake by recipient cells remain critical barriers for their theranostic applications. To address these critical issues, multifunctional nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanomaterials, with their tunable physical, chemical, and biological properties, may play crucial roles in next-generation extracellular vesicles (EV)-based disease diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. As such, one aims to provide cutting-edge knowledge pertaining to magnetic nanomaterials-facilitated isolation, detection, and delivery of extracellular vesicles and their associated biomolecules. By engaging the fields of extracellular vesicles and magnetic nanomaterials, it is envisioned that their properties can be effectively combined for optimal outcomes in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kapil D. Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Rathnam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- CORRESPONDENCE: Prof. Heemin Kang, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea, Phone: +82-2-3290-3853, , https://www.dynamicnano.org/; Prof. Ki-Bum Lee, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA, Tel. +1-848-445-2081; Fax: +1-732-445-5312, , https://kblee.rutgers.edu/
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13
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Ilacqua N, Anastasia I, Raimondi A, Lemieux P, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Toth K, Koonin EV, Pellegrini L. A three-organelle complex made by wrappER contacts with peroxisomes and mitochondria responds to liver lipid flux changes. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:272572. [PMID: 34672330 PMCID: PMC8627550 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic lipid homeostasis depends on intracellular pathways that respire fatty acid in peroxisomes and mitochondria, and on systemic pathways that secrete fatty acid into the bloodstream, either free or condensed in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. These systemic and intracellular pathways are interdependent, but it is unclear whether and how they integrate into a single cellular circuit. Here, we report that mouse liver wrappER, a distinct endoplasmic reticulum (ER) compartment with apparent fatty acid- and VLDL-secretion functions, connects peroxisomes and mitochondria. Correlative light electron microscopy, quantitative serial section electron tomography and three-dimensional organelle reconstruction analysis show that the number of peroxisome-wrappER-mitochondria complexes changes throughout fasting-to-feeding transitions and doubles when VLDL synthesis stops following acute genetic ablation of Mttp in the liver. Quantitative proteomic analysis of peroxisome-wrappER-mitochondria complex-enriched fractions indicates that the loss of Mttp upregulates global fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby integrating the dynamics of this three-organelle association into hepatic fatty acid flux responses. Therefore, liver lipid homeostasis occurs through the convergence of systemic and intracellular fatty acid-elimination pathways in the peroxisome-wrappER-mitochondria complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Ilacqua
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Mitochondria Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Center, Quebec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - Irene Anastasia
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Mitochondria Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Center, Quebec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - Andrea Raimondi
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Philippe Lemieux
- Mitochondria Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Center, Quebec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Katalin Toth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Luca Pellegrini
- Mitochondria Biology Laboratory, Brain Research Center, Quebec, QC, G1E 1T2, Canada.,Deptartment of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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14
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Enrich C, Lu A, Tebar F, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexins Bridging the Gap: Novel Roles in Membrane Contact Site Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797949. [PMID: 35071237 PMCID: PMC8770259 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCS) are specialized small areas of close apposition between two different organelles that have led researchers to reconsider the dogma of intercellular communication via vesicular trafficking. The latter is now being challenged by the discovery of lipid and ion transfer across MCS connecting adjacent organelles. These findings gave rise to a new concept that implicates cell compartments not to function as individual and isolated entities, but as a dynamic and regulated ensemble facilitating the trafficking of lipids, including cholesterol, and ions. Hence, MCS are now envisaged as metabolic platforms, crucial for cellular homeostasis. In this context, well-known as well as novel proteins were ascribed functions such as tethers, transporters, and scaffolds in MCS, or transient MCS companions with yet unknown functions. Intriguingly, we and others uncovered metabolic alterations in cell-based disease models that perturbed MCS size and numbers between coupled organelles such as endolysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, or lipid droplets. On the other hand, overexpression or deficiency of certain proteins in this narrow 10-30 nm membrane contact zone can enable MCS formation to either rescue compromised MCS function, or in certain disease settings trigger undesired metabolite transport. In this "Mini Review" we summarize recent findings regarding a subset of annexins and discuss their multiple roles to regulate MCS dynamics and functioning. Their contribution to novel pathways related to MCS biology will provide new insights relevant for a number of human diseases and offer opportunities to design innovative treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Mallick I, Santucci P, Poncin I, Point V, Kremer L, Cavalier JF, Canaan S. Intrabacterial lipid inclusions in mycobacteria: unexpected key players in survival and pathogenesis? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6283747. [PMID: 34036305 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rely on lipids to survive and chronically persist within their hosts. Upon infection, opportunistic and strict pathogenic mycobacteria exploit metabolic pathways to import and process host-derived free fatty acids, subsequently stored as triacylglycerols under the form of intrabacterial lipid inclusions (ILI). Under nutrient-limiting conditions, ILI constitute a critical source of energy that fuels the carbon requirements and maintain redox homeostasis, promoting bacterial survival for extensive periods of time. In addition to their basic metabolic functions, these organelles display multiple other biological properties, emphasizing their central role in the mycobacterial lifecycle. However, despite of their importance, the dynamics of ILI metabolism and their contribution to mycobacterial adaptation/survival in the context of infection has not been thoroughly documented. Herein, we provide an overview of the historical ILI discoveries, their characterization, and current knowledge regarding the micro-environmental stimuli conveying ILI formation, storage and degradation. We also review new biological systems to monitor the dynamics of ILI metabolism in extra- and intracellular mycobacteria and describe major molecular actors in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, maintenance and breakdown. Finally, emerging concepts regarding to the role of ILI in mycobacterial survival, persistence, reactivation, antibiotic susceptibility and inter-individual transmission are also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Mallick
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Poncin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Vanessa Point
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, UMR 9004, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,IRIM, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Stéphane Canaan
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LISM, IMM FR3479, Marseille, France
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16
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Yuan T, Qian H, Yu X, Meng J, Lai CT, Jiang H, Zhao JN, Bao NR. Proteomic analysis reveals rotator cuff injury caused by oxidative stress. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320987057. [PMID: 33796243 PMCID: PMC7975570 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320987057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common and is related to pain and dysfunction.
However, the pathological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
is unclear. Objective: to investigate the pathological mechanism of rotator
cuff injury and shoulder pain, and screen out the marker proteins related to
rotator cuff injury by proteomics. Methods: Subacromial synovium specimens were collected from patients undergoing
shoulder arthroscopic surgery. The experimental group were patients with
rotator cuff repair surgery, and the control group were patients with
habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint. Pathological examination was
performed, and then followed by non-labeled quantitative proteomic
detection. Finally, from analysis of the biological information of the
samples, specific proteins related to rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
were deduced by functional analysis of differential proteins. Results: All the patients in experimental groups were representative. A large number
of adipocytes and inflammatory cells were found in the pathological sections
of the experimental group; the proteomics analysis screen identified 80
proteins with significant differences, and the analysis of protein function
revealed that S100A11 (p = 0.011), PLIN4
(p = 0.017), HYOU1 (p = 0.002) and
CLIC1 (p = 0.007) were closely related to oxidative stress
and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injury is closely related to oxidative stress and chronic
inflammatory response, and the results suggest that the expression of
S100A11, PLIN4, HYOU1 and CLIC1 in the synovium of rotator cuff injury
provides a new marker for the study of its pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Teng Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ni-Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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17
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Zhemkov V, Liou J, Bezprozvanny I. Sigma 1 Receptor, Cholesterol and Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211026505. [PMID: 37366370 PMCID: PMC10243589 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211026505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated potential importance of membrane contact sites (MCS) between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and other cellular organelles. These MCS have unique protein and lipid composition and serve as hubs for inter-organelle communication and signaling. Despite extensive investigation of MCS protein composition and functional roles, little is known about the process of MCS formation. In this perspective, we propose a hypothesis that MCS are formed not as a result of random interactions between membranes of ER and other organelles but on the basis of pre-existing cholesterol-enriched ER microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zhemkov
- Department of Physiology,
UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jen Liou
- Department of Physiology,
UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology,
UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular
Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg State Polytechnic
University, Russia
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18
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Klemm RW. Getting in Touch Is an Important Step: Control of Metabolism at Organelle Contact Sites. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:2515256421993708. [PMID: 37366381 PMCID: PMC10243586 DOI: 10.1177/2515256421993708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways are often spread over several organelles and need to be functionally integrated by controlled organelle communication. Physical organelle contact-sites have emerged as critical hubs in the regulation of cellular metabolism, but the molecular understanding of mechanisms that mediate formation or regulation of organelle interfaces was until recently relatively limited. Mitochondria are central organelles in anabolic and catabolic pathways and therefore interact with a number of other cellular compartments including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lipid droplets (LDs). An interesting set of recent work has shed new light on the molecular basis forming these contact sites. This brief overview describes the discovery of unanticipated functions of contact sites between the ER, mitochondria and LDs in de novo synthesis of storage lipids of brown and white adipocytes. Interestingly, the factors involved in mediating the interaction between these organelles are subject to unexpected modes of regulation through newly uncovered Phospho-FFAT motifs. These results suggest dynamic regulation of contact sites between organelles and indicate that spatial organization of organelles within the cell contributes to the control of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W. Klemm
- Department of Physiology,
Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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19
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Bosch M, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets, bioenergetic fluxes, and metabolic flexibility. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Vallese F, Catoni C, Cieri D, Barazzuol L, Ramirez O, Calore V, Bonora M, Giamogante F, Pinton P, Brini M, Calì T. An expanded palette of improved SPLICS reporters detects multiple organelle contacts in vitro and in vivo. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6069. [PMID: 33247103 PMCID: PMC7699637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites between virtually any known organelle have been documented and, in the last decades, their study received momentum due to their importance for fundamental activities of the cell and for the subtle comprehension of many human diseases. The lack of tools to finely image inter-organelle proximity hindered our understanding on how these subcellular communication hubs mediate and regulate cell homeostasis. We develop an improved and expanded palette of split-GFP-based contact site sensors (SPLICS) for the detection of single and multiple organelle contact sites within a scalable distance range. We demonstrate their flexibility under physiological conditions and in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vallese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Domenico Cieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Omar Ramirez
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valentina Calore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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21
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Nuber S, Nam AY, Rajsombath MM, Cirka H, Hronowski X, Wang J, Hodgetts K, Kalinichenko LS, Müller CP, Lambrecht V, Winkler J, Weihofen A, Imberdis T, Dettmer U, Fanning S, Selkoe DJ. A Stearoyl-Coenzyme A Desaturase Inhibitor Prevents Multiple Parkinson Disease Phenotypes in α-Synuclein Mice. Ann Neurol 2020; 89:74-90. [PMID: 32996158 PMCID: PMC7756464 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Parkinson disease (PD) has useful symptomatic treatments that do not slow the neurodegenerative process, and no significant disease‐modifying treatments are approved. A key therapeutic target in PD is α‐synuclein (αS), which is both genetically implicated and accumulates in Lewy bodies rich in vesicles and other lipid membranes. Reestablishing αS homeostasis is a central goal in PD. Based on previous lipidomic analyses, we conducted a mouse trial of a stearoyl–coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) inhibitor (“5b”) that prevented αS‐positive vesicular inclusions and cytotoxicity in cultured human neurons. Methods Oral dosing and brain activity of 5b were established in nontransgenic mice. 5b in drinking water was given to mice expressing wild‐type human αS (WT) or an amplified familial PD αS mutation (E35K + E46K + E61K ["3K"]) beginning near the onset of nigral and cortical neurodegeneration and the robust PD‐like motor syndrome in 3K. Motor phenotypes, brain cytopathology, and SCD‐related lipid changes were quantified in 5b‐ versus placebo‐treated mice. Outcomes were compared to effects of crossing 3K to SCD1−/− mice. Results 5b treatment reduced αS hyperphosphorylation in E46K‐expressing human neurons, in 3K neural cultures, and in both WT and 3K αS mice. 5b prevented subtle gait deficits in WT αS mice and the PD‐like resting tremor and progressive motor decline of 3K αS mice. 5b also increased αS tetramers and reduced proteinase K‐resistant lipid‐rich aggregates. Similar benefits accrued from genetically deleting 1 SCD allele, providing target validation. Interpretation Prolonged reduction of brain SCD activity prevented PD‐like neuropathology in multiple PD models. Thus, an orally available SCD inhibitor potently ameliorates PD phenotypes, positioning this approach to treat human α‐synucleinopathies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:74–90
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice Y Nam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Rajsombath
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haley Cirka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Junmin Wang
- Chemical Biology & Proteomics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Hodgetts
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liubov S Kalinichenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera Lambrecht
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Division of Molecular Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weihofen
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thibaut Imberdis
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saranna Fanning
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Xiong Y, Gao W, Teng L. Salidroside alleviated hypoxia-induced liver injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:335-340. [PMID: 32703432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis played vital role in liver injury and dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of salidroside on hypoxia induced liver injury both in vivo and in vitro. Male SD rats were exposed to hypobaric chamber to simulate high altitude hypoxia model. High altitude hypoxia led to significant liver injury and apoptosis, increased the expression levels of p-JNK, BAX and ER stress markers. Salidroside treatment significantly inhibited hypoxia induced ER stress by decreasing the protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (p-IRE1α). In addition, salidroside treatment also restrained the ER stress-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by decreased pro-apoptotic proteins p-JNK, TRAF2, BAX, and cleaved caspase 9 and caspase 12, as well as upregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, in vitro study found that blocking IRE1α pathway using specific inhibitor STF-083010 subsequently reversed the protective effect of salidroside on liver apoptosis. Taken together, our findings revealed that salidroside exerts protective effects against hypoxia induced liver injury through inhibiting ER stress mediated apoptosis via IRE1α/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College(PUMC), China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianghong Teng
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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23
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Parton RG, Bosch M, Steiner B, Pol A. Novel contact sites between lipid droplets, early endosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1364. [PMID: 32404335 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ilr120000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Steiner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) The University of Queensland (UQ), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Immunometabolism in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Rev 2020; 294:177-187. [PMID: 31984519 PMCID: PMC7047523 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), breakdown of self-tolerance and onset of clinical disease are separated in time and space, supporting a multi-hit model in which emergence of autoreactive T cells is a pinnacle pathogenic event. Determining factors in T cell differentiation and survival include antigen recognition, but also the metabolic machinery that provides energy and biosynthetic molecules for cell building. Studies in patients with RA have yielded a disease-specific metabolic signature, which enables naive CD4 T cells to differentiate into pro-inflammatory helper T cells that are prone to invade into tissue and elicit inflammation through immunogenic cell death. A typifying property of RA CD4 T cells is the shunting of glucose away from glycolytic breakdown and mitochondrial processing toward the pentose phosphate pathway, favoring anabolic over catabolic reactions. Key defects have been localized to the mitochondria and the lysosome; including instability of mitochondrial DNA due to the lack of the DNA repair nuclease MRE11A and inefficient lysosomal tethering of AMPK due to deficiency of N-myristoyltransferase 1 (NMT1). The molecular taxonomy of the metabolically reprogrammed RA T cells includes glycolytic enzymes (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase), DNA repair molecules (MRE11A, ATM), regulators of protein trafficking (NMT1), and the membrane adapter protein TSK5. As the mechanisms determining abnormal T cell behavior in RA are unraveled, opportunities will emerge to interject autoimmune T cells by targeting their metabolic checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia M Weyand
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jörg J Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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25
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Maeda N, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I. Adiponectin, a unique adipocyte-derived factor beyond hormones. Atherosclerosis 2019; 292:1-9. [PMID: 31731079 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Visceral fat accumulation has a marked impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome clustering diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived circulating protein, is a representative adipocytokine and uniquely possesses two major properties: 1) its circulating concentration is approximately 3-6 orders of magnitude greater than ordinary hormones and cytokines; 2) its concentration inversely correlates with body fat mass despite its adipocyte-specific production. Low serum levels of adiponectin correlate with cardiometabolic diseases. Extensive experimental evidence has demonstrated that adiponectin possesses multiple properties, such as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. It has been shown to play a central role against the development of metabolic syndrome and its complications. However, even approximately 25 years after its discovery, the properties of adiponectin, including how and why it exerts multiple beneficial effects on various tissues and/or organs, remain unclear. Furthermore, the mechanisms responsible for the very high circulating concentrations of adiponectin in the bloodstream have not been elucidated. Several adiponectin-binding partners, such as AdipoR1/2, have been identified, but do not fully explain the multi-functional and beneficial properties of adiponectin. Recent advances in adiponectin research may resolve these issues. Adiponectin binds to and covers cell surfaces with T-cadherin, a unique glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cadherin. The adiponectin/T-cadherin complex enhances exosomal production and release, excreting cell-toxic products from cells, particularly in the vasculature. In this review, we discuss adiponectin and the role of the adiponectin/T-cadherin system in the maintenance of whole body homeostasis and cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Division of Osaka Health Support Center, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, 6-5, Kitahama 4-chome, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 541-0041, Japan
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20, Nakanoshima, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 530-0005, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Cullen PJ, Nakano A. Editorial overview: Membrane trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 59:iii-v. [PMID: 31387786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cullen
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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27
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Schulze RJ, Schott MB, Casey CA, Tuma PL, McNiven MA. The cell biology of the hepatocyte: A membrane trafficking machine. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2096-2112. [PMID: 31201265 PMCID: PMC6605791 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver performs numerous vital functions, including the detoxification of blood before access to the brain while simultaneously secreting and internalizing scores of proteins and lipids to maintain appropriate blood chemistry. Furthermore, the liver also synthesizes and secretes bile to enable the digestion of food. These diverse attributes are all performed by hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver. As predicted, these cells possess a remarkably well-developed and complex membrane trafficking machinery that is dedicated to moving specific cargos to their correct cellular locations. Importantly, while most epithelial cells secrete nascent proteins directionally toward a single lumen, the hepatocyte secretes both proteins and bile concomitantly at its basolateral and apical domains, respectively. In this Beyond the Cell review, we will detail these central features of the hepatocyte and highlight how membrane transport processes play a key role in healthy liver function and how they are affected by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Schulze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Micah B Schott
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Carol A Casey
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | | | - Mark A McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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