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Cui Y, Auclair H, He R, Zhang Q. GPCR-mediated regulation of beige adipocyte formation: Implications for obesity and metabolic health. Gene 2024; 915:148421. [PMID: 38561165 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications pose a significant burden on health. The non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and metabolic capacity properties of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which are distinct from those of white adipose tissue (WAT), in combating obesity and its related metabolic diseases has been well documented. However, beige adipose tissue, the third and relatively novel type of adipose tissue, which emerges in extensive presence of WAT and shares similar favorable metabolic properties with BAT, has garnered considerable attention in recent years. In this review, we focused on the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor family and the most successful class of drug targets in humans, in the induction of beige adipocytes. More importantly, we highlight researchers' clinical treatment attempts to ameliorate obesity and other related metabolic diseases through the formation and activation of beige adipose tissue. In summary, this review provides valuable insights into the formation of beige adipose tissue and the involvement of GPCRs, based on the latest advancements in scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxu Cui
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugo Auclair
- Faculty of Medicine, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Rong He
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Animal Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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2
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Kadhim DJ, Azari H, Sokhangouy SK, Hassanian SM, Alshekarchi HI, Goshayeshi L, Goshayeshi L, Abbaszadegan MR, Khojasteh-Leylakoohi F, Khazaei M, Gataa IS, Peters GJ, A. Ferns G, Batra J, Lam AKY, Giovannetti E, Avan A. G-Protein Signaling Modulator 2 as a Potential Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: Integrative Analysis Using Genetic Profiling and Pan-Cancer Studies. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:474. [PMID: 38674408 PMCID: PMC11050220 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) imposes a significant healthcare burden globally, prompting the quest for innovative biomarkers to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the G-protein signaling modulator (GPSM) family across several cancers and presents a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of the GPSM2 gene across several gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Leveraging bioinformatics methodologies, we investigated GPSM2 expression patterns, protein interactions, functional enrichments, prognostic implications, genetic alterations, and immune infiltration associations. Furthermore, the expression of the GPSM2 gene was analyzed using real-time analysis. Our findings reveal a consistent upregulation of GPSM2 expression in all GI cancer datasets analyzed, suggesting its potential as a universal biomarker in GI cancers. Functional enrichment analysis underscores the involvement of GPSM2 in vital pathways, indicating its role in tumor progression. The prognostic assessment indicates that elevated GPSM2 expression correlates with adverse overall and disease-free survival outcomes across multiple GI cancer types. Genetic alteration analysis highlights the prevalence of mutations, particularly missense mutations, in GPSM2. Furthermore, significant correlations between GPSM2 expression and immune cell infiltration are observed, suggesting its involvement in tumor immune evasion mechanisms. Collectively, our study underscores the multifaceted role of GPSM2 in GI cancers, particularly in CRC, emphasizing its potential as a promising biomarker for prognosis and therapeutic targeting. Further functional investigations are warranted to elucidate its clinical utility and therapeutic implications in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Jawad Kadhim
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hanieh Azari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Saeideh Khorshid Sokhangouy
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.K.S.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Hawraa Ibrahim Alshekarchi
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Kerbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran;
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48954, Iran
| | - Lena Goshayeshi
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48954, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91886-17871, Iran; (S.K.S.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Fatemeh Khojasteh-Leylakoohi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Godefridus J. Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Medical Oncology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Department of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PH, UK;
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Medical Oncology, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Laboratory, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, 56017 Pisa, Italy
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran (H.A.); (S.M.H.); (F.K.-L.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia;
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3
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Campagna CM, McMahon H, Nechipurenko I. The G protein alpha chaperone and guanine-nucleotide exchange factor RIC-8 regulates cilia morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011015. [PMID: 37910589 PMCID: PMC10642896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G (αβγ) proteins are canonical transducers of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and play critical roles in communication between cells and their environment. Many GPCRs and heterotrimeric G proteins localize to primary cilia and modulate cilia morphology via mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we show that RIC-8, a cytosolic guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and chaperone for Gα protein subunits, shapes cilia membrane morphology in a subset of Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons. Consistent with its role in ciliogenesis, C. elegans RIC-8 localizes to cilia in different sensory neuron types. Using domain mutagenesis, we demonstrate that while the GEF function alone is not sufficient, both the GEF and Gα-interacting chaperone motifs of RIC-8 are required for its role in cilia morphogenesis. We identify ODR-3 as the RIC-8 Gα client and demonstrate that RIC-8 functions in the same genetic pathway with another component of the non-canonical G protein signaling AGS-3 to shape cilia morphology. Notably, despite defects in AWC cilia morphology, ags-3 null mutants exhibit normal chemotaxis toward benzaldehyde unlike odr-3 mutant animals. Collectively, our findings describe a novel function for the evolutionarily conserved protein RIC-8 and non-canonical RIC-8-AGS-3-ODR-3 signaling in cilia morphogenesis and uncouple Gα ODR-3 functions in ciliogenesis and olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Campagna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hayley McMahon
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Inna Nechipurenko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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4
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Campagna CM, McMahon H, Nechipurenko I. The G protein alpha Chaperone and Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor RIC-8 Regulates Cilia Morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans Sensory Neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554856. [PMID: 37662329 PMCID: PMC10473713 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G (αβγ) proteins are canonical transducers of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling and play critical roles in communication between cells and their environment. Many GPCRs and heterotrimeric G proteins localize to primary cilia and modulate cilia morphology via mechanisms that are not well understood. Here, we show that RIC-8, a cytosolic guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and chaperone for Gα protein subunits, shapes cilia membrane morphology in a subset of Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons. Consistent with its role in ciliogenesis, C. elegans RIC-8 localizes to cilia in different sensory neuron types. Using domain mutagenesis, we demonstrate that while the GEF function alone is not sufficient, both the GEF and Gα-interacting chaperone motifs of RIC-8 are required for its role in cilia morphogenesis. We identify ODR-3 as the RIC-8 Gα client and demonstrate that RIC-8 functions in the same genetic pathway with another component of the non-canonical G protein signaling AGS-3 to shape cilia morphology. Notably, despite severe defects in AWC cilia morphology, ags-3 null mutants exhibit normal chemotaxis toward benzaldehyde unlike odr-3 mutant animals. Collectively, our findings describe a novel function for the evolutionarily conserved protein RIC-8 and non-canonical RIC-8-AGS-3-ODR-3 signaling in cilia morphogenesis and uncouple Gα ODR-3 functions in ciliogenesis and olfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Campagna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hayley McMahon
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Inna Nechipurenko
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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5
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Tingler M, Philipp M, Burkhalter MD. DNA Replication proteins in primary microcephaly syndromes. Biol Cell 2022; 114:143-159. [PMID: 35182397 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Improper expansion of neural stem and progenitor cells during brain development manifests in primary microcephaly. It is characterized by a reduced head circumference, which correlates with a reduction in brain size. This often corresponds to a general underdevelopment of the brain and entails cognitive, behavioral and motoric retardation. In the past decade significant research efforts have been undertaken to identify genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying microcephaly. One such gene set encompasses factors required for DNA replication. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that a substantial number of these genes mediate faithful centrosome and cilium function in addition to their canonical function in genome duplication. Here, we summarize, which DNA replication factors are associated with microcephaly syndromes and to which extent they impact on centrosomes and cilia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tingler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Melanie Philipp
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
| | - Martin D Burkhalter
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Section of Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
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6
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Abstract
In this review, Phan et al. discuss the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development, and review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Last, they also extend their discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair Primary microcephaly is a brain growth disorder characterized by a severe reduction of brain size and thinning of the cerebral cortex. Many primary microcephaly mutations occur in genes that encode centrosome proteins, highlighting an important role for centrosomes in cortical development. Centrosomes are microtubule organizing centers that participate in several processes, including controlling polarity, catalyzing spindle assembly in mitosis, and building primary cilia. Understanding which of these processes are altered and how these disruptions contribute to microcephaly pathogenesis is a central unresolved question. In this review, we revisit the different models that have been proposed to explain how centrosome dysfunction impairs cortical development. We review the evidence supporting a unified model in which centrosome defects reduce cell proliferation in the developing cortex by prolonging mitosis and activating a mitotic surveillance pathway. Finally, we also extend our discussion to centrosome-independent microcephaly mutations, such as those involved in DNA replication and repair.
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7
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Chang CH, Chen TY, Lu IL, Li RB, Tsai JJ, Lin PY, Tang TK. CEP120-mediated KIAA0753 recruitment onto centrioles is required for timely neuronal differentiation and germinal zone exit in the developing cerebellum. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1445-1460. [PMID: 34711653 PMCID: PMC8559671 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348636.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Chang et al. report that CEP120, a JS-associated protein involved in centriole biogenesis and cilia assembly, regulates timely neuronal differentiation and the departure of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) from their germinal zone during cerebellar development. Their findings reveal a close interplay between CEP120 and KIAA0753 for the germinal zone exit and timely neuronal differentiation of GNPs during cerebellar development, and mutations in CEP120 and KIAA0753 may participate in the heterotopia and cerebellar hypoplasia observed in JS patients. Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive ciliopathy in which all affected individuals have congenital cerebellar vermis hypoplasia. Here, we report that CEP120, a JS-associated protein involved in centriole biogenesis and cilia assembly, regulates timely neuronal differentiation and the departure of granule neuron progenitors (GNPs) from their germinal zone during cerebellar development. Our results show that depletion of Cep120 perturbs GNP cell cycle progression, resulting in a delay of cell cycle exit in vivo. To dissect the potential mechanism, we investigated the association between CEP120 interactome and the JS database and identified KIAA0753 (a JS-associated protein) as a CEP120-interacting protein. Surprisingly, we found that CEP120 recruits KIAA0753 to centrioles, and that loss of this interaction induces accumulation of GNPs in the germinal zone and impairs neuronal differentiation. Importantly, the replenishment of wild-type CEP120 rescues the above defects, whereas expression of JS-associated CEP120 mutants, which hinder KIAA0753 recruitment, does not. Together, our data reveal a close interplay between CEP120 and KIAA0753 for the germinal zone exit and timely neuronal differentiation of GNPs during cerebellar development, and mutations in CEP120 and KIAA0753 may participate in the heterotopia and cerebellar hypoplasia observed in JS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Bin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yeh Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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8
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Lechler T, Mapelli M. Spindle positioning and its impact on vertebrate tissue architecture and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:691-708. [PMID: 34158639 PMCID: PMC10544824 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular systems, oriented cell divisions are essential for morphogenesis and homeostasis as they determine the position of daughter cells within the tissue and also, in many cases, their fate. Early studies in invertebrates led to the identification of conserved core mechanisms of mitotic spindle positioning centred on the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex. In recent years, much has been learnt about the way this complex functions in vertebrate cells. In particular, studies addressed how the Gαi-LGN-NuMA-dynein complex dynamically crosstalks with astral microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, and how it is regulated to orient the spindle according to cellular and tissue-wide cues. We have also begun to understand how dynein motors and actin regulators interact with mechanosensitive adhesion molecules sensing extracellular mechanical stimuli, such as cadherins and integrins, and with signalling pathways so as to respond to extracellular cues instructing the orientation of the division axis in vivo. In this Review, with the focus on epithelial tissues, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitotic spindle orientation in vertebrate cells, and how this machinery is regulated by epithelial cues and extracellular signals to maintain tissue cohesiveness during mitosis. We also outline recent knowledge of how spindle orientation impacts tissue architecture in epithelia and its emerging links to the regulation of cell fate decisions. Finally, we describe how defective spindle orientation can be corrected or its effects eliminated in tissues under physiological conditions, and the pathological implications associated with spindle misorientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Zhao Q, Li Y, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. Effects of deubiquitylases on the biological behaviors of neural stem cells. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:847-858. [PMID: 34241974 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated throughout life in distinct regions of the mammalian brain due to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Ubiquitin, a post-translational modification of cellular proteins, is an important factor in regulating neurogenesis. Deubiquitination is a biochemical process that mediates the removal of ubiquitin moieties from ubiquitin-conjugated substrates. Recent studies have provided growing evidence that deubiquitylases (DUBs) which reverse ubiquitylation process play critical roles in NSCs maintenance, differentiation and maturation. This review mainly focused on the relationship of DUBs and NSCs, and further summarized recent advances in our understanding of DUBs on regulating NSCs biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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10
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Ben-Reuven L, Reiner O. Dynamics of cortical progenitors and production of subcerebral neurons are altered in embryos of a maternal inflammation model for autism. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1535-1550. [PMID: 31740755 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The broad impairments in cognitive and neurologic functioning found in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) patients are thought to originate during early prenatal developmental stages. Indeed, postmortem and imaging studies in ASD patients detected white-matter abnormalities, as well as prefrontal and temporal cortex deficits, evident from early childhood. Here, we used Maternal Immune Activation (MIA), a mouse model for ASD, in which the offsprings exhibit Autistic-like behaviors as well as cortical abnormalities. However, the dynamics that influence the number and the identity of newly born cortical neurons following maternal inflammation remains unknown. Our study shows early changes in the duration of the S-phase of PAX6+ progenitors, leading to an increased proportion of neurogenic divisions and a reciprocal decrease in the proliferative divisions. In two different time points of maternal inflammation, MIA resulted in an overproduction of CTIP2+ cortical neurons, which remained overrepresented at the end of gestation and in postnatal mice. Interestingly, MIA-resistant IL6-KO mice did not exhibit these changes. Lastly, we propose that elevated levels of the transcription factor PAX6 following MIA supports the overproduction of CTIP2+ neurons. Taken together, our data reveals a possible link between maternal immune activation and the excess of cortical neurons found in the cortex of ASD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihi Ben-Reuven
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhou B, Sun J, He Q, Zhao Y. Knockdown of GPSM1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Promotes the Apoptosis of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Suppressing the ADCY6-RAPGEF3-JNK Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:643376. [PMID: 34257610 PMCID: PMC8262160 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.643376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the common type of blood cancer. Although the remission rate has increased, the current treatment options for B-ALL are usually related to adverse reactions and recurrence, so it is necessary to find other treatment options. G protein signaling modulator 1 (GPSM1) is one of several factors that affect the basic activity of the G protein signaling system, but its role in B-ALL has not yet been clarified. In this study, we analyzed the expression of GPSM1 in the Oncomine database and found that the GPSM1 levels were higher in B-ALL cells than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Analyses of the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) demonstrated that patients with high GPSM1 levels had shorter survival times than those with low levels. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that GPSM1 was positively correlated with proliferation, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligand binding, Gαs signaling and calcium signaling pathways. In further experiments, GPSM1 was found to be highly expressed in Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, and downregulation of GPSM1 inhibited proliferation and promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in BALL-1 and Reh cells. Moreover, knockdown of GPSM1 suppressed ADCY6 and RAPGEF3 expression in BALL-1 and Reh cells. Furthermore, we reported that GPSM1 regulated JNK expression via ADCY6-RAPGEF3. The present study demonstrates that GPSM1 promotes tumor growth in BALL-1 and Reh cells by modulating ADCY6-RAPGEF3-JNK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qun He
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Umemura M, Kaneko Y, Tanabe R, Takahashi Y. ATF5 deficiency causes abnormal cortical development. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7295. [PMID: 33790322 PMCID: PMC8012588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86442-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a member of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)/ATF family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. We previously reported that ATF5-deficient (ATF5−/−) mice exhibited behavioural abnormalities, including abnormal social interactions, reduced behavioural flexibility, increased anxiety-like behaviours, and hyperactivity in novel environments. ATF5−/− mice may therefore be a useful animal model for psychiatric disorders. ATF5 is highly expressed in the ventricular zone and subventricular zone during cortical development, but its physiological role in higher-order brain structures remains unknown. To investigate the cause of abnormal behaviours exhibited by ATF5−/− mice, we analysed the embryonic cerebral cortex of ATF5−/− mice. The ATF5−/− embryonic cerebral cortex was slightly thinner and had reduced numbers of radial glial cells and neural progenitor cells, compared to a wild-type cerebral cortex. ATF5 deficiency also affected the basal processes of radial glial cells, which serve as a scaffold for radial migration during cortical development. Further, the radial migration of cortical upper layer neurons was impaired in ATF5−/− mice. These results suggest that ATF5 deficiency affects cortical development and radial migration, which may partly contribute to the observed abnormal behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Umemura
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tanabe
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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13
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Dong F, Mao J, Chen M, Yoon J, Mao Y. Schizophrenia risk ZNF804A interacts with its associated proteins to modulate dendritic morphology and synaptic development. Mol Brain 2021; 14:12. [PMID: 33446247 PMCID: PMC7809827 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a devastating brain disease that affects about 1% of world population. Among the top genetic associations, zinc finger protein 804A (ZNF804A) gene encodes a zinc finger protein, associated with SZ and biolar disorder (BD). Copy number variants (CNVs) of ZNF804A have been observed in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), anxiety disorder, and BD, suggesting that ZNF804A is a dosage sensitive gene for brain development. However, its molecular functions have not been fully determined. Our previous interactomic study revealed that ZNF804A interacts with multiple proteins to control protein translation and neural development. ZNF804A is localized in the cytoplasm and neurites in the human cortex and is expressed in various types of neurons, including pyramidal, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and Purkinje neurons in mouse brain. To further examine the effect of gene dosage of ZNF804A on neurite morphology, both knockdown and overexpression of ZNF804A in primary neuronal cells significantly attenuate dendritic complex and spine formation. To determine the factors mediating these phenotypes, interestingly, three binding proteins of ZNF804A, galectin 1 (LGALS1), fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) and ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), show different effects on reversing the deficits. LGALS1 and FEZ1 stimulate neurite outgrowth at basal level but RPSA shows no effect. Intriguingly, LGALS1 but not FEZ1, reverses the neurite outgrowth deficits induced by ZNF804A knockdown. However, FEZ1 and RPSA but not LGALS1, can ameliorate ZNF804A overexpression-mediated dendritic abnormalities. Thus, our results uncover a critical post-mitotic role of ZNF804A in neurite and synaptic development relevant to neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Dong
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joseph Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Miranda Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joy Yoon
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yingwei Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 214 Life Sciences Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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14
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McDonald WS, Miyamoto K, Rivera R, Kennedy G, Almeida BSV, Kingsbury MA, Chun J. Altered cleavage plane orientation with increased genomic aneuploidy produced by receptor-mediated lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in mouse cerebral cortical neural progenitor cells. Mol Brain 2020; 13:169. [PMID: 33317583 PMCID: PMC7734743 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is composed of cells having distinct genomic DNA sequences that arise post-zygotically, known as somatic genomic mosaicism (SGM). One form of SGM is aneuploidy-the gain and/or loss of chromosomes-which is associated with mitotic spindle defects. The mitotic spindle orientation determines cleavage plane positioning and, therefore, neural progenitor cell (NPC) fate during cerebral cortical development. Here we report receptor-mediated signaling by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as a novel extracellular signal that influences cleavage plane orientation and produces alterations in SGM by inducing aneuploidy during murine cortical neurogenesis. LPA is a bioactive lipid whose actions are mediated by six G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-LPA6. RNAscope and qPCR assessment of all six LPA receptor genes, and exogenous LPA exposure in LPA receptor (Lpar)-null mice, revealed involvement of Lpar1 and Lpar2 in the orientation of the mitotic spindle. Lpar1 signaling increased non-vertical cleavage in vivo by disrupting cell-cell adhesion, leading to breakdown of the ependymal cell layer. In addition, genomic alterations were significantly increased after LPA exposure, through production of chromosomal aneuploidy in NPCs. These results identify LPA as a receptor-mediated signal that alters both NPC fate and genomes during cortical neurogenesis, thus representing an extracellular signaling mechanism that can produce stable genomic changes in NPCs and their progeny. Normal LPA signaling in early life could therefore influence both the developing and adult brain, whereas its pathological disruption could contribute to a range of neurological and psychiatric diseases, via long-lasting somatic genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S McDonald
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kyoko Miyamoto
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Grace Kennedy
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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15
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Nie ZW, Niu YJ, Zhou W, Zhou DJ, Kim JY, Cui XS. AGS3-dependent trans-Golgi network membrane trafficking is essential for compaction in mouse embryos. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.243238. [PMID: 33148610 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, also known as GPSM1) regulates the trans-Golgi network. The AGS3 GoLoco motif binds to Gαi and thereby regulates the transport of proteins to the plasma membrane. Compaction of early embryos is based on the accumulation of E-cadherin (Cdh1) at cell-contacted membranes. However, how AGS3 regulates the transport of Cdh1 to the plasma membrane remains undetermined. To investigate this, AGS3 was knocked out using the Cas9-sgRNA system. Both trans-Golgi network protein 46 (TGN46, also known as TGOLN2) and transmembrane p24-trafficking protein 7 (TMED7) were tracked in early mouse embryos by tagging these proteins with a fluorescent protein label. We observed that the majority of the AGS3-edited embryos were developmentally arrested and were fragmented after the four-cell stage, exhibiting decreased accumulation of Cdh1 at the membrane. The trans-Golgi network and TMED7-positive vesicles were also dispersed and were not polarized near the membrane. Additionally, increased Gαi1 (encoded by GNAI1) expression could rescue AGS3-overexpressed embryos. In conclusion, AGS3 reinforces the dynamics of the trans-Golgi network and the transport of TMED7-positive cargo containing Cdh1 to the cell-contact surface during early mouse embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Nie
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Jie Niu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jie Zhou
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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16
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Yip JLK, Lee MMK, Leung CCY, Tse MK, Cheung AST, Wong YH. AGS3 and Gα i3 Are Concomitantly Upregulated as Part of the Spindle Orientation Complex during Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215169. [PMID: 33172018 PMCID: PMC7664263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is modulated by many Gi-coupled receptors but the precise mechanism remains elusive. A key step for maintaining the population of neural stem cells in the adult is asymmetric cell division (ACD), a process which entails the formation of two evolutionarily conserved protein complexes that establish the cell polarity and spindle orientation. Since ACD is extremely difficult to monitor in stratified tissues such as the vertebrate brain, we employed human neural progenitor cell lines to examine the regulation of the polarity and spindle orientation complexes during neuronal differentiation. Several components of the spindle orientation complex, but not those of the polarity complex, were upregulated upon differentiation of ENStem-A and ReNcell VM neural progenitor cells. Increased expression of nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA), Gαi subunit, and activators of G protein signaling (AGS3 and LGN) coincided with the appearance of a neuronal marker (β-III tubulin) and the concomitant loss of neural progenitor cell markers (nestin and Sox-2). Co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that both Gαi3 and NuMA were associated with AGS3 in differentiated ENStem-A cells. Interestingly, AGS3 appeared to preferentially interact with Gαi3 in ENStem-A cells, and this specificity for Gαi3 was recapitulated in co-immunoprecipitation experiments using HEK293 cells transiently overexpressing GST-tagged AGS3 and different Gαi subunits. Moreover, the binding of Gαi3 to AGS3 was suppressed by GTPγS and pertussis toxin. Disruption of AGS3/Gαi3 interaction by pertussis toxin indicates that AGS3 may recognize the same site on the Gα subunit as G protein-coupled receptors. Regulatory mechanisms controlling the formation of spindle orientation complex may provide novel means to manipulate ACD which in turn may have an impact on neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson L. K. Yip
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Maggie M. K. Lee
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Crystal C. Y. Leung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Man K. Tse
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Annie S. T. Cheung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
| | - Yung H. Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.L.K.Y.); (M.M.K.L.); (C.C.Y.L.); (M.K.T.); (A.S.T.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2358-7328; Fax: +852-2358-1552
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17
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Vural A, Lanier SM. Intersection of two key signal integrators in the cell: activator of G-protein signaling 3 and dishevelled-2. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs247908. [PMID: 32737219 PMCID: PMC7490517 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.247908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, encoded by GPSM1) was discovered as a one of several receptor-independent activators of G-protein signaling, which are postulated to provide a platform for divergence between canonical and noncanonical G-protein signaling pathways. Similarly, Dishevelled (DVL) proteins serve as a point of divergence for β-catenin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways involving the family of Frizzled (FZD) ligands and cell-surface WNT receptors. We recently discovered the apparent regulated localization of dishevelled-2 (DVL2) and AGS3 to distinct cellular puncta, suggesting that the two proteins interact as part of various cell signaling systems. To address this hypothesis, we asked the following questions: (1) do AGS3 signaling pathways influence the activation of β-catenin (CTNNB1)-regulated transcription through the WNT-Frizzled-Dishevelled axis, and (2) is the AGS3 and DVL2 interaction regulated? The interaction of AGS3 and DVL2 was regulated by protein phosphorylation, subcellular distribution, and a cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptor. These data, and the commonality of functional system impacts observed for AGS3 and DVL2, suggest that the AGS3-DVL2 complex presents an unexpected path for functional integration within the cell.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Stephen M Lanier
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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18
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Son AI, Mohammad S, Sasaki T, Ishii S, Yamashita S, Hashimoto-Torii K, Torii M. Dual Role of Rbpj in the Maintenance of Neural Progenitor Cells and Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:6444-6457. [PMID: 32780108 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the cerebral cortex is directed by a series of methodically precise events, including progenitor cell proliferation, neural differentiation, and cell positioning. Over the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the critical contributions of Notch signaling in neurogenesis, including that in the developing telencephalon. However, in vivo evidence for the role of Notch signaling in cortical development still remains limited partly due to the redundant functions of four mammalian Notch paralogues and embryonic lethality of the knockout mice. Here, we utilized the conditional deletion and in vivo gene manipulation of Rbpj, a transcription factor that mediates signaling by all four Notch receptors, to overcome these challenges and examined the specific roles of Rbpj in cortical development. We report severe structural abnormalities in the embryonic and postnatal cerebral cortex in Rbpj conditional knockout mice, which provide strong in vivo corroboration of previously reported functions of Notch signaling in neural development. Our results also provide evidence for a novel dual role of Rbpj in cell type-specific regulation of two key developmental events in the cerebral cortex: the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of neural progenitor cells, and the radial and tangential allocation of neurons, possibly through stage-dependent differential regulation of Ngn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Shahid Mohammad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Seiji Ishii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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19
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Naito Y, Asada N, Nguyen MD, Sanada K. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates cytoplasmic dynein behavior and contributes to neuronal migration in the developing neocortex. Development 2020; 147:dev187310. [PMID: 32554528 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule motor cytoplasmic dynein contributes to radial migration of newborn pyramidal neurons in the developing neocortex. Here, we show that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) mediates the nucleus-centrosome coupling, a key process for radial neuronal migration that relies on dynein. Depletion of the catalytic subunit of AMPK in migrating neurons impairs this coupling as well as neuronal migration. AMPK shows overlapping subcellular distribution with cytoplasmic dynein and the two proteins interact with each other. Pharmacological inhibition or activation of AMPK modifies the phosphorylation states of dynein intermediate chain (DIC) and dynein functions. Furthermore, AMPK phosphorylates DIC at Ser81. Expression of a phospho-resistant mutant of DIC retards neuronal migration in a similar way to AMPK depletion. Conversely, expression of the phospho-mimetic mutant of DIC alleviates impaired neuronal migration caused by AMPK depletion. Thus, AMPK-regulated dynein function via Ser81 DIC phosphorylation is crucial for radial neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuki Naito
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Asada
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N4N1
| | - Kamon Sanada
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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20
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Adekoya TO, Smith N, Aladeniyi T, Blumer JB, Chen XL, Richardson RM. Activator of G protein signaling 3 modulates prostate tumor development and progression. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1504-1513. [PMID: 31215992 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer death among men, with greater prevalence of the disease among the African American population in the USA. Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3/G-protein signaling modulator 1) was shown to be overexpressed in prostate adenocarcinoma relative to the prostate gland. In this study, we investigated the correlation between AGS3 overexpression and PCa malignancy. Immunoblotting analysis and real-time quantitative-PCR showed increase in AGS3 expression in the metastatic cell lines LNCaP (~3-fold), MDA PCa 2b (~2-fold), DU 145 (~2-fold) and TRAMP-C1 (~20-fold) but not in PC3 (~1-fold), relative to control RWPE-1. Overexpression of AGS3 in PC3, LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b enhanced tumor growth. AGS3 contains seven tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and four G-protein regulatory (GPR) motifs. Overexpression of the TPR or the GPR motifs in PC3 cells had no effect in tumor growth. Depletion of AGS3 in the TRAMP-C1 cells (TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/-) decreased cell proliferation and delayed wound healing and tumor growth in both C57BL/6 (~3-fold) and nude mice xenografts, relative to control TRAMP-C1 cells. TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- tumors also exhibited a marked increase (~5-fold) in both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, which correlated with a significant increase (~3-fold) in androgen receptor (AR) expression, relative to TRAMP-C1 xenografts. Interestingly, overexpression of AGS3 in TRAMP-C1-AGS3-/- cells inhibited ERK activation and AR overexpression as compared with control TRAMP-C1 cells. Taken together, the data indicate that the effect of AGS3 in prostate cancer development and progression is probably mediated via a MAPK/AR-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Adekoya
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nikia Smith
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Temilade Aladeniyi
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joe B Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoxin L Chen
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ricardo M Richardson
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Qiu R, Murai K, Lu Q. Spindle Orientation-Independent Control of Cell Fate Determination by RGS3 and KIF20A. Cereb Cortex Commun 2020; 1:tgaa003. [PMID: 32864611 PMCID: PMC7446295 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It was proposed that similar to its role in the invertebrate nervous system, mitotic spindle orientation (or cell cleavage plane orientation) of a dividing neural progenitor cell specifies the fate of daughter cells in the mammalian brain, modulating the production of neurons via symmetric versus asymmetric cell divisions during the course of neurogenesis. Experimental tests of the sufficiency of spindle/cleavage plane orientation in mammalian cell fate determination have yielded conflicting results. On the other hand, the necessity of spindle/cleavage plane orientation in mammalian cell fate determination has not yet been addressed. Here we examined the necessity of spindle/cleavage plane orientation during cortical neurogenesis in mice with loss-of-function of the RGS3-KIF20A interaction axis. We present evidence that while inactivation of RGS3 or KIF20A was linked to a shift in neural progenitor cells from proliferative to differentiative divisions in the developing cortex, these genetic mutations did not lead to anticipated alteration in the orientation of spindle/cleavage plane. Our results indicate that the RGS3-KIF20A axis regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation in the mammalian cortex employing a mechanism independent of spindle/cleavage plane orientation. These data also caution against using spindle/cleavage plane orientation as the synonym for cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiang Qiu
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kiyohito Murai
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Department of Macroscopic Anatomy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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22
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Fujita I, Shitamukai A, Kusumoto F, Mase S, Suetsugu T, Omori A, Kato K, Abe T, Shioi G, Konno D, Matsuzaki F. Endfoot regeneration restricts radial glial state and prevents translocation into the outer subventricular zone in early mammalian brain development. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 22:26-37. [PMID: 31871317 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells, called radial glia, maintain epithelial structure during the early neocortical development. The prevailing view claims that when radial glia first proliferate, their symmetric divisions require strict spindle orientation; its perturbation causes precocious neurogenesis and apoptosis. Here, we show that despite this conventional view, radial glia at the proliferative stage undergo normal symmetric divisions by regenerating an apical endfoot even if it is lost by oblique divisions. We found that the Notch-R-Ras-integrin β1 pathway promotes the regeneration of endfeet, whose leading edge bears ectopic adherens junctions and the Par-polarity complex. However, this regeneration ability gradually declines during the subsequent neurogenic stage and hence oblique divisions induce basal translocation of radial glia to form the outer subventricular zone, a hallmark of the development of the convoluted brain. Our study reveals that endfoot regeneration is a temporally changing cryptic property, which controls the radial glial state and its shift is essential for mammalian brain size expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikumi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsunori Shitamukai
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kusumoto
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shun Mase
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taeko Suetsugu
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayaka Omori
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kagayaki Kato
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resource Development, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Go Shioi
- Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Pathophysiology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. .,Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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23
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Huang R, Xiao H, Zhao J, Ju L, Wen Y, Xu Q, Cui X. GAP-43 is involved in the orientation of cell division by interacting with GΑI during neurogenesis. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:144-152. [PMID: 31554446 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1667782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Recent studies have shown that growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) may influence the mitotic-spindle orientation of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells through interacting with G proteins in vitro. However, whether GAP-43 interacts with the G proteins under the influence of mitotic spindle positioning related to the orientation of cell division during neurogenesis remains unclear. In order to explore the molecular mechanism in vivo, the GAP-43 transgenic mice were produced and the angles of cell division in the ventricular zone (VZ) during neurogenesis (embryonic period between 13.5 and 17.5 days) were measured in both transgenic mice and wild type mice by spindle angle analysis.Materials and methods: The interaction of GAP-43 and Gαi was detected by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), whereas the localization of GAP-43 was determined by immunofluorescence.Results: The results obtained using co-IP and immunofluorescence showed that GAP-43 is localized on the cell membrane and interacts with Gαi. This interaction dramatically induced a significant increase in the proportion of horizontally and intermediately dividing cells during the embryonic period of 13.5 days in the transgenic mouse brain, as observed by spindle angle analysis.Conclusions: It can be concluded that GAP-43 is involved in the orientation of cell division by interacting with Gαi, and that this may be an important mechanism for neurogenesis in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Institute of Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Institute of Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ju
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Wen
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qunyuan Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Center of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Institute of Central Laboratory, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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24
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Lukaszewicz AI, Nguyen C, Melendez E, Lin DP, Teo JL, Lai KKY, Huttner WB, Shi SH, Kahn M. The Mode of Stem Cell Division Is Dependent on the Differential Interaction of β-Catenin with the Kat3 Coactivators CBP or p300. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070962. [PMID: 31324005 PMCID: PMC6678591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal long-term repopulating somatic stem cells (SSCs) preferentially divide asymmetrically, with one daughter cell remaining in the niche and the other going on to be a transient amplifying cell required for generating new tissue in homeostatic maintenance and repair processes, whereas cancer stem cells (CSCs) favor symmetric divisions. We have previously proposed that differential β-catenin modulation of transcriptional activity via selective interaction with either the Kat3 coactivator CBP or its closely related paralog p300, regulates symmetric versus asymmetric division in SSCs and CSCs. We have previously demonstrated that SSCs that divide asymmetrically per force retain one of the dividing daughter cells in the stem cell niche, even when treated with specific CBP/β-catenin antagonists, whereas CSCs can be removed from their niche via forced stochastic symmetric differentiative divisions. We now demonstrate that loss of p73 in early corticogenesis biases β-catenin Kat3 coactivator usage and enhances β-catenin/CBP transcription at the expense of β-catenin/p300 transcription. Biased β-catenin coactivator usage has dramatic consequences on the mode of division of neural stem cells (NSCs), but not neurogenic progenitors. The observed increase in symmetric divisions due to enhanced β-catenin/CBP interaction and transcription leads to an immediate increase in NSC symmetric differentiative divisions. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time that the complex phenotype caused by the loss of p73 can be rescued in utero by treatment with the small-molecule-specific CBP/β-catenin antagonist ICG-001. Taken together, our results demonstrate the causal relationship between the choice of β-catenin Kat3 coactivator and the mode of stem cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes I Lukaszewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cu Nguyen
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Melendez
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David P Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jia-Ling Teo
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Keane K Y Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Center for Molecular Pathways and Drug Discovery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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25
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Qiao H, Li Y, Feng C, Duo S, Ji F, Jiao J. Nap1l1 Controls Embryonic Neural Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in the Developing Brain. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2279-2293. [PMID: 29490266 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise function and role of nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (Nap1l1) in brain development are unclear. Here, we find that Nap1l1 knockdown decreases neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and induces premature neuronal differentiation during cortical development. A similar deficiency in embryonic neurogenesis was observed in Nap1l1 knockout (KO) mice, which were generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicates that Ras-associated domain family member 10 (RassF10) may be the downstream target of Nap1l1. Furthermore, we found that Nap1l1 regulates RassF10 expression by promoting SETD1A-mediated H3K4 trimethylation at the RassF10 promoter. Nap1l1 KO defects may be rescued by RassF10 overexpression, suggesting that Nap1l1 controls NPC differentiation through RassF10. Our findings reveal an essential role for the Nap1l1 histone chaperone in cortical neurogenesis during early embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuguang Duo
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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26
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Vural A, Fadillioglu E, Kelesoglu F, Ma D, Lanier SM. Role of G-proteins and phosphorylation in the distribution of AGS3 to cell puncta. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216507. [PMID: 30404823 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3, also known as GPSM1) exhibits broad functional diversity and oscillates among different subcellular compartments in a regulated manner. AGS3 consists of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain and a G-protein regulatory (GPR) domain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that phosphorylation of the AGS3 GPR domain regulates its subcellular distribution and functionality. In contrast to the cortical and/or diffuse non-homogeneous distribution of wild-type (WT) AGS3, an AGS3 construct lacking all 24 potential phosphorylation sites in the GPR domain localized to cytosolic puncta. This change in localization was revealed to be dependent upon phosphorylation of a single threonine amino acid (T602). The punctate distribution of AGS3-T602A was rescued by co-expression of Gαi and Gαo but not Gαs or Gαq Following treatment with alkaline phosphatase, both AGS3-T602A and WT AGS3 exhibited a gel shift in SDS-PAGE as compared to untreated WT AGS3, consistent with a loss of protein phosphorylation. The punctate distribution of AGS3-T602A was lost in an AGS3-A602T conversion mutant, but was still present upon T602 mutation to glutamate or aspartate. These results implicate dynamic phosphorylation as a discrete mechanism to regulate the subcellular distribution of AGS3 and associated functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ersin Fadillioglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Fatih Kelesoglu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Dzwokai Ma
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Stephen M Lanier
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA .,Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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27
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Uzquiano A, Gladwyn-Ng I, Nguyen L, Reiner O, Götz M, Matsuzaki F, Francis F. Cortical progenitor biology: key features mediating proliferation versus differentiation. J Neurochem 2018; 146:500-525. [PMID: 29570795 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a highly organized structure whose development depends on diverse progenitor cell types, namely apical radial glia, intermediate progenitors, and basal radial glia cells, which are responsible for the production of the correct neuronal output. In recent years, these progenitor cell types have been deeply studied, particularly basal radial glia and their role in cortical expansion and gyrification. We review here a broad series of factors that regulate progenitor behavior and daughter cell fate. We first describe the different neuronal progenitor types, emphasizing the differences between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species. We then review key factors shown to influence progenitor proliferation versus differentiation, discussing their roles in progenitor dynamics, neuronal production, and potentially brain size and complexity. Although spindle orientation has been considered a critical factor for mode of division and daughter cell output, we discuss other features that are emerging as crucial for these processes such as organelle and cell cycle dynamics. Additionally, we highlight the importance of adhesion molecules and the polarity complex for correct cortical development. Finally, we briefly discuss studies assessing progenitor multipotency and its possible contribution to the production of specific neuronal populations. This review hence summarizes recent aspects of cortical progenitor cell biology, and pinpoints emerging features critical for their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uzquiano
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Neurosciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics (GIGA-R), University of Liège, C.H.U. Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Planegg/Munich, Germany.,Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Planegg/Munich, Germany
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN Kobe Institute, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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28
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Keri KC, Regner KR, Dall AT, Park F. Urinary exosomal expression of activator of G protein signaling 3 in polycystic kidney disease. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:359. [PMID: 29880041 PMCID: PMC5992714 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PKD is a genetic disease that is characterized by abnormally proliferative epithelial cells in the kidney and liver. Urinary exosomes have been previously examined as a source of unique proteins that may be used to diagnose and monitor the progression of PKD. Previous studies by our group have shown that AGS3, which is a receptor-independent regulator G-proteins, was markedly upregulated in RTECs during kidney injury including PKD. In this study, our goal was to determine whether AGS3 could be measured in exosomes using animals and humans with PKD. Results In our study, urinary exosomes were isolated from PCK rats and the control Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. AGS3 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in PKD versus SD rats at 16 weeks of age. This increase was detectable in a time-dependent manner from 8 weeks of age and peaked at ~ 16–20 weeks (length of study). Similarly, in exosomes from human urine samples with PKD, AGS3 expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared to healthy human controls where AGS3 was largely undetectable. In conclusion, the detection of AGS3 in urinary exosomes may be a novel biomarker for PKD, and provide new insight into the biology of tubular epithelial cell function during cystic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna C Keri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kevin R Regner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Aaron T Dall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy, 881 Madison Ave, Rm 442, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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29
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Bracamontes C, Saldecke J, Das S, Roychowdhury S. Activation of β- and α2-adrenergic receptors stimulate tubulin polymerization and promote the association of Gβγ with microtubules in cultured NIH3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:102-108. [PMID: 29852176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) constitute a crucial part of the cytoskeleton and are essential for cell division and differentiation, cell motility, intracellular transport, and cell morphology. Precise regulation of MT assembly and dynamics is essential for the performance of these functions. Although much progress has been made in identifying and characterizing the cellular factors that regulate MT assembly and dynamics, signaling events in this process is not well understood. Gβγ, an important component of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway, has been shown to promote MT assembly in vitro and in cultured NIH3T3 and PC12 cells. Using the MT depolymerizing agent nocodazole, it has been demonstrated that the association of Gβγ with polymerized tubulin is critical for MT assembly. More recently, Gβγ has been shown to play a key role in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells through its interaction with tubulin/MTs and modulation of MT assembly. Although NGF is known to exert its effect through tyrosine kinase receptor TrkA, the result suggests a possible involvement of GPCRs in this process. The present study was undertaken to determine whether agonist activation of GPCR utilizes Gβγ to promote MT assembly. We used isoproterenol and UK 14,304, agonists for two different GPCRs (β- and α2-adrenergic receptors, respectively) known to activate Gs and Gi respectively, with an opposing effect on production of cAMP. The results demonstrate that the agonist activation of β- and α2-adrenergic receptors promotes the association of Gβγ with MTs and stimulates MT assembly in NIH3T3 cells. Interestingly, the effects of these two agonists were more prominent when the cellular level of MT assembly was low (30% or less). In contrast to MT assembly, actin polymerization was not affected by isoproterenol or UK 14, 304 indicating that the effects of these agonists are limited to MTs. Thus, it appears that, upon cellular demand, GPCRs may utilize Gβγ to promote MT assembly. Stimulation of MT assembly appears to be a novel function of G protein-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Bracamontes
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Saldecke
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Siddhartha Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA; Infectious Diseases/Immunology, TX, USA
| | - Sukla Roychowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA; Neuromodulation Disorders Clusters, Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas, 79968, El Paso, TX, USA.
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30
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Chromatin Remodeling BAF155 Subunit Regulates the Genesis of Basal Progenitors in Developing Cortex. iScience 2018; 4:109-126. [PMID: 30240734 PMCID: PMC6147019 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance of basal progenitors (BPs), basal radial glia progenitors (bRGs) and basal intermediate progenitors (bIPs), in primate brain has been correlated to the high degree of cortical folding. Here we examined the role of BAF155, a subunit of the chromatin remodeling BAF complex, in generation of cortical progenitor heterogeneity. The conditional deletion of BAF155 led to diminished bIP pool and increased number of bRGs, due to delamination of apical RGs. We found that BAF155 is required for normal activity of neurogenic transcription factor PAX6, thus controlling the expression of genes that are involved in bIP specification, cell-cell interaction, and establishment of adherens junction. In a PAX6-dependent manner, BAF155 regulates the expression of the CDC42 effector protein CEP4, thereby controlling progenitor delamination. Furthermore, BAF155-dependent chromatin remodeling seems to exert a specific role in the genesis of BPs through the regulation of human RG-specific genes (such as Foxn4) that possibly acquired evolutionary significance.
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31
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Senarath K, Kankanamge D, Samaradivakara S, Ratnayake K, Tennakoon M, Karunarathne A. Regulation of G Protein βγ Signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:133-191. [PMID: 29776603 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) deliver external signals to the cell interior, upon activation by the external signal stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).While the activated GPCRs control several pathways independently, activated G proteins control the vast majority of cellular and physiological functions, ranging from vision to cardiovascular homeostasis. Activated GPCRs dissociate GαGDPβγ heterotrimer into GαGTP and free Gβγ. Earlier, GαGTP was recognized as the primary signal transducer of the pathway and Gβγ as a passive signaling modality that facilitates the activity of Gα. However, Gβγ later found to regulate more number of pathways than GαGTP does. Once liberated from the heterotrimer, free Gβγ interacts and activates a diverse range of signaling regulators including kinases, lipases, GTPases, and ion channels, and it does not require any posttranslation modifications. Gβγ family consists of 48 members, which show cell- and tissue-specific expressions, and recent reports show that cells employ the subtype diversity in Gβγ to achieve desired signaling outcomes. In addition to activated GPCRs, which induce free Gβγ generation and the rate of GTP hydrolysis in Gα, which sequester Gβγ in the heterotrimer, terminating Gβγ signaling, additional regulatory mechanisms exist to regulate Gβγ activity. In this chapter, we discuss structure and function, subtype diversity and its significance in signaling regulation, effector activation, regulatory mechanisms as well as the disease relevance of Gβγ in eukaryotes.
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32
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Guo Y, He X, Zhao L, Liu L, Song H, Wang X, Xu J, Ju X, Guo W, Zhu X. Gβ2 Regulates the Multipolar-Bipolar Transition of Newborn Neurons in the Developing Neocortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3414-3426. [PMID: 28334111 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper neuronal migration is critical for the formation of the six-layered neocortex in the mammalian brain. However, the precise control of neuronal migration is not well understood. Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins), composed of Gα and Gβγ, transduce signals from G protein-coupled receptors to downstream effectors and play crucial roles in brain development. However, the functions of individual subunits of G proteins in prenatal brain development remain unclear. Here, we report that Gβ2 is expressed in the embryonic neocortex, with abundant expression in the intermediate zone, and is significantly upregulated in differentiated neurons. Perturbation of Gβ2 expression impairs the morphogenetic transformation of migrating neurons from multipolar to bipolar and subsequently delays neuronal migration. Moreover, Gβ2 acts as a scaffold protein to organize the MP1-MEK1-ERK1/2 complex and mediates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Importantly, expression of a constitutively active variant of MEK1 rescues the migration defects that are caused by the loss of Gβ2. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Gβ2 regulates proper neuronal migration during neocortex development by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huifang Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xingda Ju
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics, Ministry of Education and Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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33
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Dionisio-Vicuña MN, Gutiérrez-López TY, Adame-García SR, Vázquez-Prado J, Reyes-Cruz G. VPS28, an ESCRT-I protein, regulates mitotic spindle organization via Gβγ, EG5 and TPX2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1012-1022. [PMID: 29548937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misael Neri Dionisio-Vicuña
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Apartado postal 14-740, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Tania Yareli Gutiérrez-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Apartado postal 14-740, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Sendi Rafael Adame-García
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Apartado postal 14-740, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Apartado postal 14-740, CDMX 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav-IPN), Apartado postal 14-740, CDMX 07360, Mexico.
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Transient enhancement of proliferation of neural progenitors and impairment of their long-term survival in p25 transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39148-39161. [PMID: 27283769 PMCID: PMC5129921 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulates important neuronal functions via p35. p35 undergoes cleavage in response to neuronal activity and neurotoxic conditions to release its subunit p25. Although p25 has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms by which p25 mediates neurodegenerative impairment have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the role of p25-mediated neurodegeneration on neurogenesis in an inducible transgenic mouse line overexpressing p25 (p25 TG) in the forebrain. Adult neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) were labeled with BrdU in vivo, which were significantly increased in numbers in the subventricular zone, the hippocampus, and the cortex of p25 TG mice. Consistently, more mitotic cells were observed in p25 TG mice than in controls, even in the cortex and the CA1, which are not neurogenic regions. BrdU-positive cells were negative for GFAP or γ-H2AX, suggesting that they are not astrocytes or dying cells. Neurospheres derived from the dentate gyrus and the cortex were significantly increased in p25 TG mice and can be differentiated into astrocytes and neurons. However, p25 TG decreased the long-term survival of proliferating NPCs and severely impaired adult neurogenesis. A Transwell co-culture system was used to assess the influence of p25-expressing primary neurons on adult NPCs. Co-culture with p25-expressing neurons downregulated Ki67 expression and upregulated cleaved caspase-3, indicating that the paracrine signaling in cell-cell communication is essential for NPC survival and proliferation. Moreover, increased CDK5 activity impairs Wnt activation. This study demonstrates that hyperactivation of p25 may temporarily enhance NPC proliferation, but impair their long-term survival.
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35
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Adnani L, Han S, Li S, Mattar P, Schuurmans C. Mechanisms of Cortical Differentiation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 336:223-320. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Zhang W, Zeng X, Zeng L. Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs in Neurogenesis During Mouse Cortical Development. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1680:191-203. [PMID: 29030850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7339-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advantage of using in utero electroporation is that it can study the gene function during neurodevelopment in vivo. Using functional analysis of a microRNA (miRNA) gene as an example, this protocol describes a set of techniques that are crucial for the success of neurogenesis studies, including mice time mating, plasmid preparation, utero electroporation following miRNA injection into mice embryonic brain ventricle, labeling of proliferating cells with EDU (ethynyldeoxyuridine), cryosectioning, immunofluorescence staining, and confocal microscopic analysis. This chapter also provides detailed technical tips regarding experimental planning, mouse surgery, multi-embryo injection with different plasmids, electroporation, and maintenance of pregnant mother with post-electroporated embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Xiaoxia Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore. .,Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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37
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Harris L, Zalucki O, Gobius I, McDonald H, Osinki J, Harvey TJ, Essebier A, Vidovic D, Gladwyn-Ng I, Burne TH, Heng JI, Richards LJ, Gronostajski RM, Piper M. Transcriptional regulation of intermediate progenitor cell generation during hippocampal development. Development 2017; 143:4620-4630. [PMID: 27965439 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
During forebrain development, radial glia generate neurons through the production of intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). The production of IPCs is a central tenet underlying the generation of the appropriate number of cortical neurons, but the transcriptional logic underpinning this process remains poorly defined. Here, we examined IPC production using mice lacking the transcription factor nuclear factor I/X (Nfix). We show that Nfix deficiency delays IPC production and prolongs the neurogenic window, resulting in an increased number of neurons in the postnatal forebrain. Loss of additional Nfi alleles (Nfib) resulted in a severe delay in IPC generation while, conversely, overexpression of NFIX led to precocious IPC generation. Mechanistically, analyses of microarray and ChIP-seq datasets, coupled with the investigation of spindle orientation during radial glial cell division, revealed that NFIX promotes the generation of IPCs via the transcriptional upregulation of inscuteable (Insc). These data thereby provide novel insights into the mechanisms controlling the timely transition of radial glia into IPCs during forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Harris
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Oressia Zalucki
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ilan Gobius
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hannah McDonald
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Osinki
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Tracey J Harvey
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra Essebier
- The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Diana Vidovic
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan Gladwyn-Ng
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,The Centre for Medical Research, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas H Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol 4076, Australia
| | - Julian I Heng
- The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,The Centre for Medical Research, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Linda J Richards
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Michael Piper
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia .,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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38
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Saadaoui M, Konno D, Loulier K, Goiame R, Jadhav V, Mapelli M, Matsuzaki F, Morin X. Loss of the canonical spindle orientation function in the Pins/LGN homolog AGS3. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1509-1520. [PMID: 28684399 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201643048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In many cell types, mitotic spindle orientation relies on the canonical "LGN complex" composed of Pins/LGN, Mud/NuMA, and Gαi subunits. Membrane localization of this complex recruits motor force generators that pull on astral microtubules to orient the spindle. Drosophila Pins shares highly conserved functional domains with its two vertebrate homologs LGN and AGS3. Whereas the role of Pins and LGN in oriented divisions is extensively documented, involvement of AGS3 remains controversial. Here, we show that AGS3 is not required for planar divisions of neural progenitors in the mouse neocortex. AGS3 is not recruited to the cell cortex and does not rescue LGN loss of function. Despite conserved interactions with NuMA and Gαiin vitro, comparison of LGN and AGS3 functional domains in vivo reveals unexpected differences in the ability of these interactions to mediate spindle orientation functions. Finally, we find that Drosophila Pins is unable to substitute for LGN loss of function in vertebrates, highlighting that species-specific modulations of the interactions between components of the Pins/LGN complex are crucial in vivo for spindle orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Saadaoui
- Cell Division and Neurogenesis Group, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Karine Loulier
- UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Goiame
- Cell Division and Neurogenesis Group, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vaibhav Jadhav
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Mapelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Fumio Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xavier Morin
- Cell Division and Neurogenesis Group, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), PSL Research University, Paris, France
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39
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Ji F, Shen T, Zou W, Jiao J. UCP2 Regulates Embryonic Neurogenesis via ROS-Mediated Yap Alternation in the Developing Neocortex. Stem Cells 2017; 35:1479-1492. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences; Qufu Normal University; Qufu Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing People's Republic of China
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40
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Tadenev ALD, Tarchini B. The Spindle Orientation Machinery Beyond Mitosis: When Cell Specialization Demands Polarization. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:209-225. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Zou D, Chen L, Deng D, Jiang D, Dong F, McSweeney C, Zhou Y, Liu L, Chen G, Wu Y, Mao Y. DREADD in parvalbumin interneurons of the dentate gyrus modulates anxiety, social interaction and memory extinction. Curr Mol Med 2016; 16:91-102. [PMID: 26733123 PMCID: PMC4997952 DOI: 10.2174/1566524016666151222150024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons in the hippocampus play a critical role in animal memory, such as spatial working memory. However, how PV-positive interneurons in the subregions of the hippocampus affect animal behaviors remains poorly defined. Here, we achieved specific and reversible activation of PV-positive interneurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) technology. Inducible DREADD expression was demonstrated in vitro in cultured neurons, in which co-transfection of the hM3D-Gq-mCherry vector with a Cre plasmid resulted in a cellular response to hM3Dq ligand clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) stimulation. In addition, the dentate gyrus (DG) of PV-Cre mice received bilateral injection of control lentivirus or lentivirus expressing double floxed hM3D-Gq-mCherry. Selective activation of PV-positive interneurons in the DG did not affect locomotor activity or depression-related behavior in mice. Interestingly, stimulation of PV-positive interneurons induced an anxiolytic effect. Activation of PVpositive interneurons appears to impair social interaction to novelty, but has no effect on social motivation. However, this defect is likely due to the anxiolytic effect as the exploratory behavior of mice expressing hM3DGq is significantly increased. Mice expressing hM3D-Gq did not affect novel object recognition. Activation of PV-positive interneurons in the DG maintains intact cued and contextual fear memory but facilitates fear extinction. Collectively, our results demonstrated that proper control of PV interneurons activity in the DG is critical for regulation of the anxiety, social interaction and fear extinction. These results improve our fundamental understanding of the physiological role of PV-positive interneurons in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Y Mao
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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42
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Gβγ subunits-Different spaces, different faces. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:434-441. [PMID: 27378564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gβγ subunits play key roles in modulation of canonical effectors in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-dependent signalling at the cell surface. However, a number of recent studies of Gβγ function have revealed that they regulate a large number of molecules at distinct subcellular sites. These novel, non-canonical Gβγ roles have reshaped our understanding of how important Gβγ signalling is compared to our original notion of Gβγ subunits as simple negative regulators of Gα subunits. Gβγ dimers have now been identified as regulators of transcription, anterograde and retrograde trafficking and modulators of second messenger molecule generation in intracellular organelles. Here, we review some recent advances in our understanding of these novel non-canonical roles of Gβγ.
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43
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Byrd KM, Lough KJ, Patel JH, Descovich CP, Curtis TA, Williams SE. LGN plays distinct roles in oral epithelial stratification, filiform papilla morphogenesis and hair follicle development. Development 2016; 143:2803-17. [PMID: 27317810 DOI: 10.1242/dev.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral epithelia protect against constant challenges by bacteria, viruses, toxins and injury while also contributing to the formation of ectodermal appendages such as teeth, salivary glands and lingual papillae. Despite increasing evidence that differentiation pathway genes are frequently mutated in oral cancers, comparatively little is known about the mechanisms that regulate normal oral epithelial development. Here, we characterize oral epithelial stratification and describe multiple distinct functions for the mitotic spindle orientation gene LGN (Gpsm2) in promoting differentiation and tissue patterning in the mouse oral cavity. Similar to its function in epidermis, apically localized LGN directs perpendicular divisions that promote stratification of the palatal, buccogingival and ventral tongue epithelia. Surprisingly, however, in dorsal tongue LGN is predominantly localized basally, circumferentially or bilaterally and promotes planar divisions. Loss of LGN disrupts the organization and morphogenesis of filiform papillae but appears to be dispensable for embryonic hair follicle development. Thus, LGN has crucial tissue-specific functions in patterning surface ectoderm and its appendages by controlling division orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Byrd
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Kendall J Lough
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Jeet H Patel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Carlos Patiño Descovich
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - T Anthony Curtis
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7525, USA
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Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a signalopathy of renal tubular epithelial cells caused by naturally occurring mutations in two distinct genes, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and 2 (PKD2). Genetic variants in PKD1, which encodes the polycystin-1 (PC-1) protein, remain the predominant factor associated with the pathogenesis of nearly two-thirds of all patients diagnosed with PKD. Although the relationship between defective PC-1 with renal cystic disease initiation and progression remains to be fully elucidated, there are numerous clinical studies that have focused upon the control of effector systems involving heterotrimeric G protein regulation. A major regulator in the activation state of heterotrimeric G proteins are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are defined by their seven transmembrane-spanning regions. PC-1 has been considered to function as an unconventional GPCR, but the mechanisms by which PC-1 controls signal processing, magnitude, or trafficking through heterotrimeric G proteins remains to be fully known. The diversity of heterotrimeric G protein signaling in PKD is further complicated by the presence of non-GPCR proteins in the membrane or cytoplasm that also modulate the functional state of heterotrimeric G proteins within the cell. Moreover, PC-1 abnormalities promote changes in hormonal systems that ultimately interact with distinct GPCRs in the kidney to potentially amplify or antagonize signaling output from PC-1. This review will focus upon the canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways that have been described in PKD with specific emphasis on which heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in the pathological reorganization of the tubular epithelial cell architecture to exacerbate renal cystogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Hama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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45
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The G protein-coupled receptor GPR157 regulates neuronal differentiation of radial glial progenitors through the Gq-IP3 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25180. [PMID: 27142930 PMCID: PMC4855140 DOI: 10.1038/srep25180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) to generate cortical neurons is determined by local extracellular factors and signaling pathways intrinsic to RGPs. Here we find that GPR157, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, localizes to RGPs’ primary cilia exposed to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). GPR157 couples with Gq-class of the heterotrimeric G-proteins and signals through IP3-mediated Ca2+ cascade. Activation of GPR157-Gq signaling enhances neuronal differentiation of RGPs whereas interfering with GPR157-Gq-IP3 cascade in RGPs suppresses neurogenesis. We also detect the presence of putative ligand(s) for GPR157 in the CSF, and demonstrate the increased ability of the CSF to activate GPR157 at neurogenic phase. Thus, GPR157-Gq signaling at the primary cilia of RGPs is activated by the CSF and contributes to neurogenesis.
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46
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Shen T, Ji F, Yuan Z, Jiao J. CHD2 is Required for Embryonic Neurogenesis in the Developing Cerebral Cortex. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1794-806. [PMID: 25786798 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) has been associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability. However, it is largely unknown whether and how CHD2 is involved in brain development. Here, we demonstrate that CHD2 is predominantly expressed in Pax6(+) radial glial cells (RGs) but rarely expressed in Tbr2(+) intermediate progenitors (IPs). Importantly, the suppression of CHD2 expression inhibits the self-renewal of RGs and increases the generation of IPs and the production of neurons. CHD2 mediates these functions by directly binding to the genomic region of repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST), thereby regulating the expression of REST. Furthermore, the overexpression of REST rescues the defect in neurogenesis caused by CHD2 knockdown. Taken together, these findings demonstrate an essential role of CHD2 in the maintenance of the RGs self-renewal levels, the subsequent generation of IPs, and neuronal output during neurogenesis in cerebral cortical development, suggesting that inactivation of CHD2 during neurogenesis might contribute to abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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47
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Lacomme M, Tarchini B, Boudreau-Pinsonneault C, Monat C, Cayouette M. The LGN protein promotes planar proliferative divisions in the neocortex but apicobasal asymmetric terminal divisions in the retina. Development 2016; 143:575-81. [PMID: 26755700 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell division orientation is crucial to control segregation of polarized fate determinants in the daughter cells to produce symmetric or asymmetric fate outcomes. Most studies in vertebrates have focused on the role of mitotic spindle orientation in proliferative asymmetric divisions and it remains unclear whether altering spindle orientation is required for the production of asymmetric fates in differentiative terminal divisions. Here, we show that the GoLoco motif protein LGN, which interacts with Gαi to control apicobasal division orientation in Drosophila neuroblasts, is excluded from the apical domain of retinal progenitors undergoing planar divisions, but not in those undergoing apicobasal divisions. Inactivation of LGN reduces the number of apicobasal divisions in mouse retinal progenitors, whereas it conversely increases these divisions in cortical progenitors. Although LGN inactivation increases the number of progenitors outside the ventricular zone in the developing neocortex, it has no effect on the position or number of progenitors in the retina. Retinal progenitor cell lineage analysis in LGN mutant mice, however, shows an increase in symmetric terminal divisions producing two photoreceptors, at the expense of asymmetric terminal divisions producing a photoreceptor and a bipolar or amacrine cell. Similarly, inactivating Gαi decreases asymmetric terminal divisions, suggesting that LGN function with Gαi to control division orientation in retinal progenitors. Together, these results show a context-dependent function for LGN and indicate that apicobasal divisions are not involved in proliferative asymmetric divisions in the mouse retina, but are instead essential to generate binary fates at terminal divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lacomme
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Basile Tarchini
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Camille Boudreau-Pinsonneault
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7 Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Carine Monat
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7
| | - Michel Cayouette
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada H2W 1R7 Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B4 Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3T 1J4 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada H3A 0G4
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48
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Vural A, Al-Khodor S, Cheung GYC, Shi CS, Srinivasan L, McQuiston TJ, Hwang IY, Yeh AJ, Blumer JB, Briken V, Williamson PR, Otto M, Fraser IDC, Kehrl JH. Activator of G-Protein Signaling 3-Induced Lysosomal Biogenesis Limits Macrophage Intracellular Bacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:846-56. [PMID: 26667172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many intracellular pathogens cause disease by subverting macrophage innate immune defense mechanisms. Intracellular pathogens actively avoid delivery to or directly target lysosomes, the major intracellular degradative organelle. In this article, we demonstrate that activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3), an LPS-inducible protein in macrophages, affects both lysosomal biogenesis and activity. AGS3 binds the Gi family of G proteins via its G-protein regulatory (GoLoco) motif, stabilizing the Gα subunit in its GDP-bound conformation. Elevated AGS3 levels in macrophages limited the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, a sensor of cellular nutritional status. This triggered the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB, a known activator of lysosomal gene transcription. In contrast, AGS3-deficient macrophages had increased mammalian target of rapamycin activity, reduced transcription factor EB activity, and a lower lysosomal mass. High levels of AGS3 in macrophages enhanced their resistance to infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, whereas AGS3-deficient macrophages were more susceptible. We conclude that LPS priming increases AGS3 levels, which enhances lysosomal function and increases the capacity of macrophages to eliminate intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Vural
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Souhaila Al-Khodor
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gordon Y C Cheung
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lalitha Srinivasan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Travis J McQuiston
- Translational Mycology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Il-Young Hwang
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Anthony J Yeh
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joe B Blumer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Volker Briken
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Peter R Williamson
- Translational Mycology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-Cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Abstract
Activator of G-protein signaling 3 (AGS3) is an accessory protein that functions to regulate the activation status of heterotrimeric G-protein subunits. To date, however, the downstream signaling pathways regulated by AGS3 remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in renal epithelial cells. In the present study, normal rat kidney (NRK-52E) proximal tubular epithelial cells were genetically modified to regulate the expression of AGS3 to investigate its role on MAPK and mTOR signaling to control epithelial cell number. Knockdown of endogenous AGS3 protein was associated with a reduced phosphorylated form of ERK5 and increased apoptosis as determined by elevated cleaved caspase-3. In the presence of the ERK5 inhibitor, BIX02189, a significant 2-fold change (P < 0.05) in G2/M transition state was detected compared to control conditions. Neither of the other MAPK, ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK, nor another pro-survival pathway, mTOR, was significantly altered by the changes in AGS3 protein levels in the renal epithelial cells. The selective ERK5 inhibitor, BIX02189, was found to dose-dependently reduce NRK cell number by up to 41% (P < 0.05) compared to control cells. In summary, these findings demonstrated that cell viability was regulated by AGS3 and was associated with ERK5 activation in renal epithelial cells.
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50
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Oriented cell division: new roles in guiding skin wound repair and regeneration. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150225. [PMID: 26582817 PMCID: PMC4708010 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis depends on precise regulation and timely co-ordination of cell division and also on the control of the direction of cell division. Establishment of polarity division axis, correct alignment of the mitotic spindle, segregation of fate determinants equally or unequally between daughter cells, are essential for the realization of oriented cell division. Furthermore, oriented cell division is regulated by intrinsic cues, extrinsic cues and other cues, such as cell geometry and polarity. However, dysregulation of cell division orientation could lead to abnormal tissue development and function. In the present study, we review recent studies on the molecular mechanism of cell division orientation and explain their new roles in skin repair and regeneration.
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