1
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Young KA, Wojdyla K, Lai T, Mulholland KE, Aldaz Casanova S, Antrobus R, Andrews SR, Biggins L, Mahler-Araujo B, Barton PR, Anderson KR, Fearnley GW, Sharpe HJ. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRK promotes intestinal repair and catalysis-independent tumour suppression. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261914. [PMID: 38904097 PMCID: PMC11298714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PTPRK is a receptor tyrosine phosphatase that is linked to the regulation of growth factor signalling and tumour suppression. It is stabilized at the plasma membrane by trans homophilic interactions upon cell-cell contact. PTPRK regulates cell-cell adhesion but is also reported to regulate numerous cancer-associated signalling pathways. However, the signalling mechanism of PTPRK remains to be determined. Here, we find that PTPRK regulates cell adhesion signalling, suppresses invasion and promotes collective, directed migration in colorectal cancer cells. In vivo, PTPRK supports recovery from inflammation-induced colitis. In addition, we confirm that PTPRK functions as a tumour suppressor in the mouse colon and in colorectal cancer xenografts. PTPRK regulates growth factor and adhesion signalling, and suppresses epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Contrary to the prevailing notion that PTPRK directly dephosphorylates EGFR, we find that PTPRK regulation of both EGFR and EMT is independent of its catalytic function. This suggests that additional adaptor and scaffold functions are important features of PTPRK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany Lai
- Signalling programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | | | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | | | - Philippa R. Barton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Keith R. Anderson
- Molecular biology department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Hayley J. Sharpe
- Signalling programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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2
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Müller L, Keil R, Glaß M, Hatzfeld M. Plakophilin 4 controls the spatio-temporal activity of RhoA at adherens junctions to promote cortical actin ring formation and tissue tension. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:291. [PMID: 38970683 PMCID: PMC11335210 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Plakophilin 4 (PKP4) is a component of cell-cell junctions that regulates intercellular adhesion and Rho-signaling during cytokinesis with an unknown function during epidermal differentiation. Here we show that keratinocytes lacking PKP4 fail to develop a cortical actin ring, preventing adherens junction maturation and generation of tissue tension. Instead, PKP4-depleted cells display increased stress fibers. PKP4-dependent RhoA localization at AJs was required to activate a RhoA-ROCK2-MLCK-MLC2 axis and organize actin into a cortical ring. AJ-associated PKP4 provided a scaffold for the Rho activator ARHGEF2 and the RhoA effectors MLCK and MLC2, facilitating the spatio-temporal activation of RhoA signaling at cell junctions to allow cortical ring formation and actomyosin contraction. In contrast, association of PKP4 with the Rho suppressor ARHGAP23 reduced ARHGAP23 binding to RhoA which prevented RhoA activation in the cytoplasm and stress fiber formation. These data identify PKP4 as an AJ component that transduces mechanical signals into cytoskeletal organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany.
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120, Halle, Germany
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3
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Ma N, Wibowo YC, Wirtz P, Baltus D, Wieland T, Jansen S. Tankyrase inhibition interferes with junction remodeling, induces leakiness, and disturbs YAP1/TAZ signaling in the endothelium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1763-1789. [PMID: 37741944 PMCID: PMC10858845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Tankyrase inhibitors are increasingly considered for therapeutic use in malignancies that are characterized by high intrinsic β-catenin activity. However, how tankyrase inhibition affects the endothelium after systemic application remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the tankyrase inhibitor XAV939 affects endothelial cell function and the underlying mechanism involved. Endothelial cell function was analyzed using sprouting angiogenesis, endothelial cell migration, junctional dynamics, and permeability using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and explanted mouse retina. Underlying signaling was studied using western blot, immunofluorescence, and qPCR in HUVEC in addition to luciferase reporter gene assays in human embryonic kidney cells. XAV939 treatment leads to altered junctional dynamics and permeability as well as impaired endothelial migration. Mechanistically, XAV939 increased stability of the angiomotin-like proteins 1 and 2, which impedes the nuclear translocation of YAP1/TAZ and consequently suppresses TEAD-mediated transcription. Intriguingly, XAV939 disrupts adherens junctions by inducing RhoA-Rho dependent kinase (ROCK)-mediated F-actin bundling, whereas disruption of F-actin bundling through the ROCK inhibitor H1152 restores endothelial cell function. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by an increase in nuclear TAZ and TEAD-mediated transcription, suggesting differential regulation of YAP1 and TAZ by the actin cytoskeleton in endothelial cells. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the complex relationship between the actin cytoskeleton, YAP1/TAZ signaling, and endothelial cell function and how tankyrase inhibition disturbs this well-balanced signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Phillip Wirtz
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Doris Baltus
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sepp Jansen
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Mannheim Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Arslan FN, Hannezo É, Merrin J, Loose M, Heisenberg CP. Adhesion-induced cortical flows pattern E-cadherin-mediated cell contacts. Curr Biol 2024; 34:171-182.e8. [PMID: 38134934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Metazoan development relies on the formation and remodeling of cell-cell contacts. Dynamic reorganization of adhesion receptors and the actomyosin cell cortex in space and time plays a central role in cell-cell contact formation and maturation. Nevertheless, how this process is mechanistically achieved when new contacts are formed remains unclear. Here, by building a biomimetic assay composed of progenitor cells adhering to supported lipid bilayers functionalized with E-cadherin ectodomains, we show that cortical F-actin flows, driven by the depletion of myosin-2 at the cell contact center, mediate the dynamic reorganization of adhesion receptors and cell cortex at the contact. E-cadherin-dependent downregulation of the small GTPase RhoA at the forming contact leads to both a depletion of myosin-2 and a decrease of F-actin at the contact center. At the contact rim, in contrast, myosin-2 becomes enriched by the retraction of bleb-like protrusions, resulting in a cortical tension gradient from the contact rim to its center. This tension gradient, in turn, triggers centrifugal F-actin flows, leading to further accumulation of F-actin at the contact rim and the progressive redistribution of E-cadherin from the contact center to the rim. Eventually, this combination of actomyosin downregulation and flows at the contact determines the characteristic molecular organization, with E-cadherin and F-actin accumulating at the contact rim, where they are needed to mechanically link the contractile cortices of the adhering cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Nur Arslan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria; Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Édouard Hannezo
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Jack Merrin
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Martin Loose
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
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5
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Hardy SA, Liesinger L, Patrick R, Poettler M, Rech L, Gindlhuber J, Mabotuwana NS, Ashour D, Stangl V, Bigland M, Murtha LA, Starkey MR, Scherr D, Hansbro PM, Hoefler G, Campos Ramos G, Cochain C, Harvey RP, Birner-Gruenberger R, Boyle AJ, Rainer PP. Extracellular Matrix Protein-1 as a Mediator of Inflammation-Induced Fibrosis After Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1539-1554. [PMID: 38205347 PMCID: PMC10774582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Irreversible fibrosis is a hallmark of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure. Extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM-1) is up-regulated in these hearts, localized to fibrotic, inflammatory, and perivascular areas. ECM-1 originates predominantly from fibroblasts, macrophages, and pericytes/vascular cells in uninjured human and mouse hearts, and from M1 and M2 macrophages and myofibroblasts after MI. ECM-1 stimulates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, up-regulates key fibrotic and inflammatory pathways, and inhibits cardiac fibroblast migration. ECM-1 binds HuCFb cell surface receptor LRP1, and LRP1 inhibition blocks ECM-1 from stimulating fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition, confirming a novel ECM-1-LRP1 fibrotic signaling axis. ECM-1 may represent a novel mechanism facilitating inflammation-fibrosis crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A. Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralph Patrick
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Poettler
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lavinia Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nishani S. Mabotuwana
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - DiyaaEldin Ashour
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Verena Stangl
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mark Bigland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Murtha
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Starkey
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gustavo Campos Ramos
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clement Cochain
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard P. Harvey
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew J. Boyle
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Department of Internal Medicine and University Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Medicine, St. Johann in Tirol General Hospital, St. Johann in Tirol, Austria
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6
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Le HA, Mayor R. Cell-matrix and cell-cell interaction mechanics in guiding migration. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:1733-1745. [PMID: 37610008 PMCID: PMC10586762 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Physical properties of tissue are increasingly recognised as major regulatory cues affecting cell behaviours, particularly cell migration. While these properties of the extracellular matrix have been extensively discussed, the contribution from the cellular components that make up the tissue are still poorly appreciated. In this mini-review, we will discuss two major physical components: stiffness and topology with a stronger focus on cell-cell interactions and how these can impact cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Anh Le
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
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7
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Bosseboeuf E, Chikh A, Chaker AB, Mitchell TP, Vignaraja D, Rajendrakumar R, Khambata RS, Nightingale TD, Mason JC, Randi AM, Ahluwalia A, Raimondi C. Neuropilin-1 interacts with VE-cadherin and TGFBR2 to stabilize adherens junctions and prevent activation of endothelium under flow. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4863. [PMID: 37220183 PMCID: PMC7614756 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Linear and disturbed flow differentially regulate gene expression, with disturbed flow priming endothelial cells (ECs) for a proinflammatory, atheroprone expression profile and phenotype. Here, we investigated the role of the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in ECs exposed to flow using cultured ECs, mice with an endothelium-specific knockout of NRP1, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that NRP1 was a constituent of adherens junctions that interacted with VE-cadherin and promoted its association with p120 catenin, stabilizing adherens junctions and inducing cytoskeletal remodeling in alignment with the direction of flow. We also showed that NRP1 interacted with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II (TGFBR2) and reduced the plasma membrane localization of TGFBR2 and TGF-β signaling. NRP1 knockdown increased the abundance of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, resulting in increased leukocyte rolling and atherosclerotic plaque size. These findings describe a role for NRP1 in promoting endothelial function and reveal a mechanism by which NRP1 reduction in ECs may contribute to vascular disease by modulating adherens junction signaling and promoting TGF-β signaling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Bosseboeuf
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmed Bey Chaker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dhilakshani Vignaraja
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ridhi Rajendrakumar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S. Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Justin C. Mason
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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8
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Wong DCP, Pan CQ, Er SY, Thivakar T, Rachel TZY, Seah SH, Chua PJ, Jiang T, Chew TW, Chaudhuri PK, Mukherjee S, Salim A, Aye TA, Koh CG, Lim CT, Tan PH, Bay BH, Ridley AJ, Low BC. The scaffold RhoGAP protein ARHGAP8/BPGAP1 synchronizes Rac and Rho signaling to facilitate cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar13. [PMID: 36598812 PMCID: PMC10011724 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate cell morphogenesis and motility under the tight control of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). However, the underlying mechanism(s) that coordinate their spatiotemporal activities, whether separately or together, remain unclear. We show that a prometastatic RhoGAP, ARHGAP8/BPGAP1, binds to inactive Rac1 and localizes to lamellipodia. BPGAP1 recruits the RacGEF Vav1 under epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation and activates Rac1, leading to polarized cell motility, spreading, invadopodium formation, and cell extravasation and promotes cancer cell migration. Importantly, BPGAP1 down-regulates local RhoA activity, which influences Rac1 binding to BPGAP1 and its subsequent activation by Vav1. Our results highlight the importance of BPGAP1 in recruiting Vav1 and Rac1 to promote Rac1 activation for cell motility. BPGAP1 also serves to control the timing of Rac1 activation with RhoA inactivation via its RhoGAP activity. BPGAP1, therefore, acts as a dual-function scaffold that recruits Vav1 to activate Rac1 while inactivating RhoA to synchronize both Rho and Rac signaling in cell motility. As epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Vav1, RhoA, Rac1, and BPGAP1 are all associated with cancer metastasis, BPGAP1 could provide a crucial checkpoint for the EGFR-BPGAP1-Vav1-Rac1-RhoA signaling axis for cancer intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shi Yin Er
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
| | - T. Thivakar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Tan Zi Yi Rachel
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Sock Hong Seah
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Pei Jou Chua
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117594
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
| | - Ti Weng Chew
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | | | - Somsubhro Mukherjee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Agus Salim
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health and School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thike Aye Aye
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Cheng Gee Koh
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169856
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 117594
| | - Anne J. Ridley
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Boon Chuan Low
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558
- NUS College, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138593
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9
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Yagi H, Onoyama I, Asanoma K, Kawakami M, Maenohara S, Kodama K, Matsumura Y, Hamada N, Hori E, Hachisuga K, Yasunaga M, Ohgami T, Okugawa K, Yahata H, Kato K. Tumor-derived ARHGAP35 mutations enhance the Gα 13-Rho signaling axis in human endometrial cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:313-323. [PMID: 36257976 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated G protein-coupled receptor signaling is involved in the formation and progression of human cancers. The heterotrimeric G protein Gα13 is highly expressed in various cancers and regulates diverse cancer-related transcriptional networks and cellular functions by activating Rho. Herein, we demonstrate that increased expression of Gα13 promotes cell proliferation through activation of Rho and the transcription factor AP-1 in human endometrial cancer. Of interest, the RhoGTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), ARHGAP35 is frequently mutated in human endometrial cancers. Among the 509 endometrial cancer samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, 108 harbor 152 mutations at 126 different positions within ARHGAP35, representing a somatic mutation frequency of 20.2%. We evaluated the effect of 124 tumor-derived ARHGAP35 mutations on Gα13-mediated Rho and AP-1 activation. The RhoGAP activity of ARHGAP35 was impaired by 55 of 124 tumor-derived mutations, comprised of 23 nonsense, 15 frame-shift, 15 missense mutations, and two in-frame deletions. Considering that ARHGAP35 is mutated in >2% of all tumors, it ranks among the top 30 most significantly mutated genes in human cancer. Our data suggest potential roles of ARHGAP35 as an oncogenic driver gene, providing novel therapeutic opportunities for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Onoyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Asanoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Minoru Kawakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoji Maenohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yumiko Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emiko Hori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Hachisuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yasunaga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ohgami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okugawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yahata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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10
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Sawma T, Shaito A, Najm N, Sidani M, Orekhov A, El-Yazbi AF, Iratni R, Eid AH. Role of RhoA and Rho-associated kinase in phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications for vascular function. Atherosclerosis 2022; 358:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Glykofridis IE, Henneman AA, Balk JA, Goeij-de Haas R, Westland D, Piersma SR, Knol JC, Pham TV, Boekhout M, Zwartkruis FJT, Wolthuis RMF, Jimenez CR. Phosphoproteomic analysis of FLCN inactivation highlights differential kinase pathways and regulatory TFEB phosphoserines. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100263. [PMID: 35863698 PMCID: PMC9421328 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, germline mutations in the Folliculin (FLCN) gene lead to an increased risk of renal cancer. To address how FLCN affects cellular kinase signaling pathways, we analyzed comprehensive phosphoproteomic profiles of FLCNPOS and FLCNNEG human renal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1). In total, 15744 phosphorylated peptides were identified from 4329 phosphorylated proteins. INKA analysis revealed that FLCN loss alters the activity of numerous kinases, including tyrosine kinases EGFR, MET and the Ephrin receptor subfamily (EPHA2 and EPHB1), as well their downstream targets MAPK1/3. Validation experiments in the BHD renal tumor cell line UOK257 confirmed that FLCN loss contributes to enhanced MAPK1/3 and downstream RPS6K1/3 signaling. The clinically available MAPK inhibitor Ulixertinib showed enhanced toxicity in FLCNNEG cells. Interestingly, FLCN inactivation induced the phosphorylation of PIK3CD (Tyr524) without altering the phosphorylation of canonical Akt1/Akt2/mTOR/EIF4EBP1 phosphosites. Also, we identified that FLCN inactivation resulted in dephosphorylation of TFEB Ser109, Ser114 and Ser122, which may be caused by fact that FLCNNEG cells experience oxidative stress. Together, our study highlights differential phosphorylation of specific kinases and substrates in FLCNNEG renal cells. This provides insight into BHD-associated renal tumorigenesis and may point to several novel candidates for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E Glykofridis
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex A Henneman
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper A Balk
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Goeij-de Haas
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Westland
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaco C Knol
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Boekhout
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fried J T Zwartkruis
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Center for Molecular Medicine, Molecular Cancer Research, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Human Genetics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Nakashima Y, Tsukahara M. Laminin-511 activates the human induced pluripotent stem cell survival via α6β1 integrin-Fyn-RhoA-ROCK signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:706-719. [PMID: 35726387 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), laminin-511/α6β1 integrin interacts with E-cadherin, an intercellular adhesion molecule, to induce the activation of the PI3K-dependent signaling pathway. The interaction between laminin-511/α6β1 integrin and E-cadherin, an intercellular adhesion molecule, results in protection against apoptosis via the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn(Fyn)-RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway and the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway (the major pathway for cell death). In this paper, the impact of laminin-511 on hiPSC on α6β1 integrin-Fyn-RhoA-ROCK signaling is discussed and explored along with validation experiments. PIK3CA mRNA (mean [standard deviation {SD}]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 61]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.023 [0.02]; **P<0.01; n=6) and PIK3R1 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 79]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.040 [0.06]; *P<0.05; n=6) were upregulated by iMatrix-511 resulting from an increased expression of Integrin α6 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 42]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.23 [0.05]; **P<0.01; n=6). iMatrix-511 increased the expression of p120-Catenin mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 71]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.025 [0.03]; **P<0.01; n=6) and RAC1 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 28]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.39 [0.15]; **P<0.01; n=6) by increasing the expression of E-cadherin mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 38]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.16 [0.11]; **P<0.01; n=6). As a result, iMatrix-511 increased the expression of P190 RhoGAP (GTPase-activating proteins) mRNA, such as ARHGAP1 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 57]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.032 [0.03]; **P<0.01; n=6), ARHGAP4 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 56]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.039 [0.049]; **P<0.01; n=6), and ARHGAP5 mRNA (mean [SD]: iMatrix-511, 1.00 [0. 39]; collagen+MFGE8, 0.063 [0.043]; **P<0.01; n=6). Western blotting showed that phospho-Rac1 remained in the cytoplasm and phospho-Fyn showed nuclear transition in iPSCs cultured on iMatrix-511. Proteome analysis showed that PI3K signaling was enhanced and cytoskeletal actin was activated in iPSCs cultured on iMatrix-511. In conclusion, laminin-511 strongly activated the cell survival by promoting α6β1 integrin-Fyn-RhoA-ROCK signaling in hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT), Kyoto Research Park KISTIC Building Room 501, 5th floor, KISTIC building,, Kyoto Research Park KISTIC Building Room 501, 5th floor, KISTIC building, 134 Chudoji Minami-cho,, Shimogyo-ku,, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan, 600-8813;
| | - Masayoshi Tsukahara
- Kyoto University Center for iPS Cell Research and Application Foundation (CiRA Foundation), Facility for iPS Cell Therapy (FiT), kyoto, Kyoto, Japan;
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13
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Cortical tension initiates the positive feedback loop between cadherin and F-actin. Biophys J 2022; 121:596-606. [PMID: 35031276 PMCID: PMC8874026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions physically link two cells at their contact interface via extracellular binding between cadherin molecules and intracellular interactions between cadherins and the actin cytoskeleton. Cadherin and actomyosin cytoskeletal dynamics are regulated reciprocally by mechanical and chemical signals, which subsequently determine the strength of cell-cell adhesions and the emergent organization and stiffness of the tissues they form. However, an understanding of the integrated system is lacking. We present a new mechanistic computational model of intercellular junction maturation in a cell doublet to investigate the mechanochemical cross talk that regulates adherens junction formation and homeostasis. The model couples a two-dimensional lattice-based simulation of cadherin dynamics with a reaction-diffusion representation of the reorganising actomyosin network through its regulation by Rho signalling at the intracellular junction. We demonstrate that local immobilization of cadherin induces cluster formation in a cis-less-dependent manner. We then recapitulate the process of cell-cell contact formation. Our model suggests that cortical tension applied on the contact rim can explain the ring distribution of cadherin and actin filaments (F-actin) on the cell-cell contact of the cell doublet. Furthermore, we propose and test the hypothesis that cadherin and F-actin interact like a positive feedback loop, which is necessary for formation of the ring structure. Different patterns of cadherin distribution were observed as an emergent property of disturbances of this positive feedback loop. We discuss these findings in light of available experimental observations on underlying mechanisms related to cadherin/F-actin binding and the mechanical environment.
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14
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RGS3L allows for an M 2 muscarinic receptor-mediated RhoA-dependent inotropy in cardiomyocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:8. [PMID: 35230541 PMCID: PMC8888479 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role and outcome of the muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor (M2R) signaling in healthy and diseased cardiomyocytes is still a matter of debate. Here, we report that the long isoform of the regulator of G protein signaling 3 (RGS3L) functions as a switch in the muscarinic signaling, most likely of the M2R, in primary cardiomyocytes. High levels of RGS3L, as found in heart failure, redirect the Gi-mediated Rac1 activation into a Gi-mediated RhoA/ROCK activation. Functionally, this switch resulted in a reduced production of reactive oxygen species (- 50%) in cardiomyocytes and an inotropic response (+ 18%) in transduced engineered heart tissues. Importantly, we could show that an adeno-associated virus 9-mediated overexpression of RGS3L in rats in vivo, increased the contractility of ventricular strips by maximally about twofold. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this switch is mediated by a complex formation of RGS3L with the GTPase-activating protein p190RhoGAP, which balances the activity of RhoA and Rac1 by altering its substrate preference in cardiomyocytes. Enhancement of this complex formation could open new possibilities in the regulation of the contractility of the diseased heart.
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15
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Arslan FN, Eckert J, Schmidt T, Heisenberg CP. Holding it together: when cadherin meets cadherin. Biophys J 2021; 120:4182-4192. [PMID: 33794149 PMCID: PMC8516678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion is the key to multicellularity, and its malfunction plays an important role in various developmental and disease-related processes. Although it has been intensively studied by both biologists and physicists, a commonly accepted definition of cell-cell adhesion is still being debated. Cell-cell adhesion has been described at the molecular scale as a function of adhesion receptors controlling binding affinity, at the cellular scale as resistance to detachment forces or modulation of surface tension, and at the tissue scale as a regulator of cellular rearrangements and morphogenesis. In this review, we aim to summarize and discuss recent advances in the molecular, cellular, and theoretical description of cell-cell adhesion, ranging from biomimetic models to the complexity of cells and tissues in an organismal context. In particular, we will focus on cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and the role of adhesion signaling and mechanosensation therein, two processes central for understanding the biological and physical basis of cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Nur Arslan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Eckert
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Alharatani R, Ververi A, Beleza-Meireles A, Ji W, Mis E, Patterson QT, Griffin JN, Bhujel N, Chang CA, Dixit A, Konstantino M, Healy C, Hannan S, Neo N, Cash A, Li D, Bhoj E, Zackai EH, Cleaver R, Baralle D, McEntagart M, Newbury-Ecob R, Scott R, Hurst JA, Au PYB, Hosey MT, Khokha M, Marciano DK, Lakhani SA, Liu KJ. Novel truncating mutations in CTNND1 cause a dominant craniofacial and cardiac syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1900-1921. [PMID: 32196547 PMCID: PMC7372553 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CTNND1 encodes the p120-catenin (p120) protein, which has a wide range of functions, including the maintenance of cell–cell junctions, regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and transcriptional signalling. Due to advances in next-generation sequencing, CTNND1 has been implicated in human diseases including cleft palate and blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome albeit only recently. In this study, we identify eight novel protein-truncating variants, six de novo, in 13 participants from nine families presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms including cleft palate and hypodontia, as well as congenital cardiac anomalies, limb dysmorphologies and neurodevelopmental disorders. Using conditional deletions in mice as well as CRISPR/Cas9 approaches to target CTNND1 in Xenopus, we identified a subset of phenotypes that can be linked to p120-catenin in epithelial integrity and turnover, and additional phenotypes that suggest mesenchymal roles of CTNND1. We propose that CTNND1 variants have a wider developmental role than previously described and that variations in this gene underlie not only cleft palate and BCD but may be expanded to a broader velocardiofacial-like syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Alharatani
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Oral, Clinical and Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Athina Ververi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ana Beleza-Meireles
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Emily Mis
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Quinten T Patterson
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA
| | - John N Griffin
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nabina Bhujel
- South Thames Cleft Service, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Caitlin A Chang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abhijit Dixit
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Monica Konstantino
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher Healy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sumayyah Hannan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natsuko Neo
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Cash
- South Thames Cleft Service, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruth Cleaver
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Department of Clinical Genetics, St George's Hospital, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ruth Newbury-Ecob
- Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS2 8EG, UK
| | - Richard Scott
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marie Therese Hosey
- Paediatric Dentistry, Centre of Oral, Clinical and Translational Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Mustafa Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8856, USA
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Karen J Liu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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17
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Binamé F, Pham-Van LD, Bagnard D. Manipulating oligodendrocyte intrinsic regeneration mechanism to promote remyelination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5257-5273. [PMID: 34019104 PMCID: PMC11073109 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In demyelinated lesions, astrocytes, activated microglia and infiltrating macrophages secrete several factors regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cells' behaviour. What appears to be the initiation of an intrinsic mechanism of myelin repair is only leading to partial recovery and inefficient remyelination, a process worsening over the course of the disease. This failure is largely due to the concomitant accumulation of inhibitory cues in and around the lesion sites opposing to growth promoting factors. Here starts a complex game of interactions between the signalling pathways controlling oligodendrocytes migration or differentiation. Receptors of positive or negative cues are modulating Ras, PI3K or RhoGTPases pathways acting on oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton remodelling. From the description of this intricate signalling network, this review addresses the extent to which the modulation of the global response to inhibitory cues may pave the route towards novel therapeutic approaches for myelin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Binamé
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Lucas D Pham-Van
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France
| | - Dominique Bagnard
- INSERM U1119, Biopathology of Myelin, Neuroprotection and Therapeutic Strategy (BMNST Lab), Labex Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Pôle API, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412, Illkirch, France.
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18
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P120 catenin potentiates constitutive E-cadherin dimerization at the plasma membrane and regulates trans binding. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3017-3027.e7. [PMID: 34019823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are essential adhesion proteins that regulate tissue cohesion and paracellular permeability by assembling dense adhesion plaques at cell-to-cell contacts. Adherens junctions are central to a wide range of tissue functions; identifying protein interactions that potentiate their assembly and regulation has been the focus of research for over 2 decades. Here, we present evidence for a new, unexpected mechanism of cadherin oligomerization on cells. Fully quantified spectral imaging fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FSI-FRET) and fluorescence intensity fluctuation (FIF) measurements directly demonstrate that E-cadherin forms constitutive lateral (cis) dimers at the plasma membrane. Results further show that binding of the cytosolic protein p120ctn binding to the intracellular region is required for constitutive E-cadherin dimerization. This finding differs from a model that attributes lateral (cis) cadherin oligomerization solely to extracellular domain interactions. The present, novel findings are further supported by studies of E-cadherin mutants that uncouple p120ctn binding or with cells in which p120ctn was knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9. Quantitative affinity measurements further demonstrate that uncoupling p120ctn binding reduces the cadherin trans binding affinity and cell adhesion. These findings transform the current model of cadherin assembly at cell surfaces and identify the core building blocks of cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesions. They also identify a new role for p120ctn and reconcile findings that implicate both the extracellular and intracellular cadherin domains in cadherin clustering and intercellular cohesion.
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19
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Anney P, Thériault M, Proulx S. Hydrodynamic forces influence the gene transcription of mechanosensitive intercellular junction associated genes in corneal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2021; 206:108532. [PMID: 33684456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanicals forces are known to influence cell behavior. In vivo, the corneal endothelium is under the influence of various mechanical forces, such as intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluid flow. In this study, we used a corneal bioreactor to understand the effect of these hydrodynamic forces on the transcription of intercellular junctions associated genes in the corneal endothelium. Native and tissue-engineered (TE) corneal endothelium were cultured in a corneal bioreactor for 7 days with 16 mmHg IOP and 5 μl/ml of medium flow. RNA was harvested, and gene expression was quantified. Cells that were used to reconstruct the TE corneal endothelia were also seeded on plastic to characterize their morphology by calculating their circularity index. For native endothelia, hydrodynamic forces increased gene expression of GJA1 (connexin 43), CDH2 (N-cadherin), TJP1 (ZO-1), ITGAV (integrin subunit αv), ITGB5 (integrin subunit β5) and CTNND1 (p120-ctn) by 1.68 ± 0.40, 1.10 ± 0.27, 3.80 ± 0.56, 1.82 ± 0.33, 1.32 ± 0.21 and 3.04 ± 0.63, respectively. For TE corneal endothelium, this fold change was 1.72 ± 0.31, 1.58 ± 0.41, 6.18 ± 1.03, 1.80 ± 0.71, 1.77 ± 0.55, 2.42 ± 0.71. Furthermore, gene transcription fold changes (hydrodynamic/control) increased linearly with TE corneal endothelium cells population morphology with r = 0.83 for TJP1 (ZO-1) and r = 0.58 for CTNND1 (p120-ctn). In fact, the more elongated the cells populations were, the greater hydrodynamic conditions increased the transcription of TJP1 (ZO-1) and CTNND1 (p120-ctn). These results suggest that hydrodynamic forces contribute to the maintenance of tight and adherens junctions of native corneal endothelial cells, as well as to the formation of tight and adherens junctions of corneal endothelial cells that are in the process of forming a functional endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princia Anney
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département, d'ophtalmologie et ORL-CCF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Thériault
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Proulx
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, axe médecine régénératrice, Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada; Département, d'ophtalmologie et ORL-CCF, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Ninomiya K, Ohta K, Yamashita K, Mizuno K, Ohashi K. PLEKHG4B enables actin cytoskeletal remodeling during epithelial cell-cell junction formation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:224080. [PMID: 33310911 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell junction formation requires actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Here, we show that PLEKHG4B, a Rho-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Rho-GEF), plays a crucial role in epithelial cell-cell junction formation. Knockdown of PLEKHG4B decreased Cdc42 activity and tended to increase RhoA activity in A549 cells. A549 monolayer cells showed 'closed junctions' with closely packed actin bundles along the cell-cell contacts, but PLEKHG4B knockdown suppressed closed junction formation, and PLEKHG4B-knockdown cells exhibited 'open junctions' with split actin bundles located away from the cell-cell boundary. In Ca2+-switch assays, PLEKHG4B knockdown delayed the conversion of open junctions to closed junctions and β-catenin accumulation at cell-cell junctions. Furthermore, PLEKHG4B knockdown abrogated the reduction in myosin activity normally seen in the later stage of junction formation. The aberrant myosin activation and impairments in closed junction formation in PLEKHG4B-knockdown cells were reverted by ROCK inhibition or LARG/PDZ-RhoGEF knockdown. These results suggest that PLEKHG4B enables actin remodeling during epithelial cell-cell junction maturation, probably by reducing myosin activity in the later stage of junction formation, through suppressing LARG/PDZ-RhoGEF and RhoA-ROCK pathway activities. We also showed that annexin A2 participates in PLEKHG4B localization to cell-cell junctions.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komaki Ninomiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kai Ohta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yamashita
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan .,Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tohoku University, Kawauchi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8576, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan .,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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21
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Streets AJ, Prosseda PP, Ong AC. Polycystin-1 regulates ARHGAP35-dependent centrosomal RhoA activation and ROCK signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135385. [PMID: 32663194 PMCID: PMC7455122 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in PKD1 (encoding for polycystin-1 [PC1]) are found in 80%–85% of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We tested the hypothesis that changes in actin dynamics result from PKD1 mutations through dysregulation of compartmentalized centrosomal RhoA signaling mediated by specific RhoGAP (ARHGAP) proteins resulting in the complex cellular cystic phenotype. Initial studies revealed that the actin cytoskeleton was highly disorganized in cystic cells derived from patients with PKD1 and was associated with an increase in total and centrosomal active RhoA and ROCK signaling. Using cilia length as a phenotypic readout for centrosomal RhoA activity, we identified ARHGAP5, -29, and -35 as essential regulators of ciliation in normal human renal tubular cells. Importantly, a specific decrease in centrosomal ARHGAP35 was observed in PKD1-null cells using a centrosome-targeted proximity ligation assay and by dual immunofluorescence labeling. Finally, the ROCK inhibitor hydroxyfasudil reduced cyst expansion in both human PKD1 3D cyst assays and an inducible Pkd1 mouse model. In summary, we report a potentially novel interaction between PC1 and ARHGAP35 in the regulation of centrosomal RhoA activation and ROCK signaling. Targeting the RhoA/ROCK pathway inhibited cyst formation in vitro and in vivo, indicating its relevance to ADPKD pathogenesis and for developing new therapies to inhibit cyst initiation. Polycystin-1, the major protein mutated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, activates centrosomal RhoA activity via interaction with the Rho-GAP protein ARHGAP35, resulting in shorter cilia.
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22
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Ouyang H, Luong P, Frödin M, Hansen SH. p190A RhoGAP induces CDH1 expression and cooperates with E-cadherin to activate LATS kinases and suppress tumor cell growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:5570-5587. [PMID: 32641858 PMCID: PMC7426264 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The ARHGAP35 gene encoding p190A RhoGAP (p190A) is significantly altered by both mutation and allelic deletion in human cancer, but the functional implications of such alterations are not known. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that p190A is a tumor suppressor using a xenograft mouse model with carcinoma cells harboring defined ARHGAP35 alterations. In vitro, restoration of p190A expression in carcinoma cells promotes contact inhibition of proliferation (CIP) through activation of LATS kinases and phosphorylation of the proto-oncogenic transcriptional co-activator YAP. In contrast, p190A forms harboring recurrent cancer mutations exhibit loss of function in modulating the Hippo pathway, inducing CIP, as well as attenuated suppression of tumor growth in mice. We determine that p190A promotes mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) and elicits expression of a cassette of epithelial adherens junction-associated genes in a cell density-dependent manner. This cassette includes CDH1 encoding E-cadherin, which amplifies p190A-mediated LATS activation and is necessary for CIP. Oppositely, we establish that p190A is obligatory for E-cadherin to activate LATS kinases and induce CIP. Collectively, this work defines a novel mechanism by which p190A and E-cadherin cooperate in modulating Hippo signaling to suppress tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Ouyang
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Phi Luong
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- GI Cell Biology Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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23
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Özgüç Ö, Maître JL. Multiscale morphogenesis of the mouse blastocyst by actomyosin contractility. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:123-129. [PMID: 32711300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During preimplantation development, the mouse embryo forms the blastocyst, which consists of a squamous epithelium enveloping a fluid-filled lumen and a cluster of pluripotent cells. The shaping of the blastocyst into its specific architecture is a prerequisite to implantation and further development of the embryo. Recent studies identified the central role of the actomyosin cortex in generating the forces driving the successive steps of blastocyst morphogenesis. As seen in other developing animals, actomyosin functions across spatial scales from the subcellular to the tissue levels. In addition, the slow development of the mouse embryo reveals that actomyosin contractility operates at multiple timescales with periodic cortical waves of contraction every ∼80 s and tissue remodeling over hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özgüç
- Institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm - 75248 Paris Cedex 05 - France
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24
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Jayanthi P, Varun BR, Selvaraj J. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An insight into molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:189. [PMID: 32508481 PMCID: PMC7269282 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_334_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important event in embryonic development, fibrosis and cancer invasion. During cancer progression, the activation of EMT permits cancer cells to acquire migratory, invasive and stem-like properties. Despite recent advances in treatment, there is no improvement in the 5-year overall survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Local recurrence and lymph node metastasis are considered to be mainly responsible for the low survival rate in OSCC. EMT plays a major role in local recurrence and lymph node metastasis of oral cancer. This review article addresses the clinical implications of EMT in OSCC and explains the molecular mechanisms of EMT, highlighting the cadherin switching and signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jayanthi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B R Varun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - J Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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25
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Abstract
Epithelial cells form highly organized polarized sheets with characteristic cell morphologies and tissue architecture. Cell–cell adhesion and intercellular communication are prerequisites of such cohesive sheets of cells, and cell connectivity is mediated through several junctional assemblies, namely desmosomes, adherens, tight and gap junctions. These cell–cell junctions form signalling hubs that not only mediate cell–cell adhesion but impact on multiple aspects of cell behaviour, helping to coordinate epithelial cell shape, polarity and function. This review will focus on the tight and adherens junctions, constituents of the apical junctional complex, and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex signalling that underlies junction assembly, integrity and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Rusu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Marios Georgiou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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26
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Jaber Chehayeb R, Stiegler AL, Boggon TJ. Crystal structures of p120RasGAP N-terminal SH2 domain in its apo form and in complex with a p190RhoGAP phosphotyrosine peptide. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226113. [PMID: 31891593 PMCID: PMC6938330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho and Ras pathways play vital roles in cell growth, division and motility. Cross-talk between the pathways amplifies their roles in cell proliferation and motility and its dysregulation is involved in disease pathogenesis. One important interaction for cross-talk occurs between p120RasGAP (RASA1), a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Ras, and p190RhoGAP (p190RhoGAP-A, ARHGAP35), a GAP for Rho. The binding of these proteins is primarily mediated by two SH2 domains within p120RasGAP engaging phosphorylated tyrosines of p190RhoGAP, of which the best studied is pTyr-1105. To better understand the interaction between p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, we determined the 1.75 Å X-ray crystal structure of the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RasGAP in the unliganded form, and its 1.6 Å co-crystal structure in complex with a synthesized phosphotyrosine peptide, EEENI(p-Tyr)SVPHDST, corresponding to residues 1100–1112 of p190RhoGAP. We find that the N-terminal SH2 domain of p120RhoGAP has the characteristic SH2 fold encompassing a central beta-sheet flanked by two alpha-helices, and that peptide binding stabilizes specific conformations of the βE-βF loop and arginine residues R212 and R231. Site-directed mutagenesis and native gel shifts confirm phosphotyrosine binding through the conserved FLVR motif arginine residue R207, and isothermal titration calorimetry finds a dissociation constant of 0.3 ± 0.1 μM between the phosphopeptide and SH2 domain. These results demonstrate that the major interaction between two important GAP proteins, p120RasGAP and p190RhoGAP, is mediated by a canonical SH2-pTyr interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jaber Chehayeb
- Yale College, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Titus J. Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Arp2/3-Branched Actin Maintains an Active Pool of GTP-RhoA and Controls RhoA Abundance. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101264. [PMID: 31623230 PMCID: PMC6830327 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, cell motility, and division under precise spatiotemporal control. Different small GTPases exhibit cross talks to exert feedback response or to act in concert during signal transduction. However, whether and how specific cytoskeletal components' feedback to upstream signaling factors remains largely elusive. Here, we report an intriguing finding that disruption of the Arp2/3-branched actin specifically reduces RhoA activity but upregulates its total protein abundance. We further dissect the mechanisms underlying these circumstances and identify the altered cortactin/p190RhoGAP interaction and weakened CCM2/Smurf1 binding to be involved in GTP-RhoA reduction and total RhoA increase, respectively. Moreover, we find that cytokinesis defects induced by Arp2/3 inhibition can be rescued by activating RhoA. Our study reveals an intricate feedback from the actin cytoskeleton to the small GTPase. Our work highlights the role of Arp2/3-branched actin in signal transduction aside from its function in serving as critical cytoskeletal components to maintain cell morphology and motility.
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29
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Laurin M, Gomez NC, Levorse J, Sendoel A, Sribour M, Fuchs E. An RNAi screen unravels the complexities of Rho GTPase networks in skin morphogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:e50226. [PMID: 31556874 PMCID: PMC6768663 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryogenesis, extensive cellular remodeling is needed for tissue morphogenesis. As effectors of cytoskeletal dynamics, Rho GTPases and their regulators are likely involved, but their daunting complexity has hindered progress in dissecting their functions. We overcome this hurdle by employing high throughput in utero RNAi-mediated screening to identify key Rho regulators of skin morphogenesis. Our screen unveiled hitherto unrecognized roles for Rho-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling events that impact hair follicle specification, differentiation, downgrowth and planar cell polarity. Coupling our top hit with gain/loss-of-function genetics, interactome proteomics and tissue imaging, we show that RHOU, an atypical Rho, governs the cytoskeletal-junction dynamics that establish columnar shape and planar cell polarity in epidermal progenitors. Conversely, RHOU downregulation is required to remodel to a conical cellular shape that enables hair bud invagination and downgrowth. Our findings underscore the power of coupling screens with proteomics to unravel the physiological significance of complex gene families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Laurin
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nicholas C Gomez
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Levorse
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Ataman Sendoel
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Megan Sribour
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and DevelopmentHoward Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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30
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Jones MC, Zha J, Humphries MJ. Connections between the cell cycle, cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20180227. [PMID: 31431178 PMCID: PMC6627016 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division, the purpose of which is to enable cell replication, and in particular to distribute complete, accurate copies of genetic material to daughter cells, is essential for the propagation of life. At a morphological level, division not only necessitates duplication of cellular structures, but it also relies on polar segregation of this material followed by physical scission of the parent cell. For these fundamental changes in cell shape and positioning to be achieved, mechanisms are required to link the cell cycle to the modulation of cytoarchitecture. Outside of mitosis, the three main cytoskeletal networks not only endow cells with a physical cytoplasmic skeleton, but they also provide a mechanism for spatio-temporal sensing via integrin-associated adhesion complexes and site-directed delivery of cargoes. During mitosis, some interphase functions are retained, but the architecture of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically, and there is a need to generate a mitotic spindle for chromosome segregation. An economical solution is to re-use existing cytoskeletal molecules: transcellular actin stress fibres remodel to create a rigid cortex and a cytokinetic furrow, while unipolar radial microtubules become the primary components of the bipolar spindle. This remodelling implies the existence of specific mechanisms that link the cell-cycle machinery to the control of adhesion and the cytoskeleton. In this article, we review the intimate three-way connection between microenvironmental sensing, adhesion signalling and cell proliferation, particularly in the contexts of normal growth control and aberrant tumour progression. As the morphological changes that occur during mitosis are ancient, the mechanisms linking the cell cycle to the cytoskeleton/adhesion signalling network are likely to be primordial in nature and we discuss recent advances that have elucidated elements of this link. A particular focus is the connection between CDK1 and cell adhesion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Forces in cancer: interdisciplinary approaches in tumour mechanobiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin J. Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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31
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Shigetomi K, Ikenouchi J. Cell Adhesion Structures in Epithelial Cells Are Formed in Dynamic and Cooperative Ways. Bioessays 2019; 41:e1800227. [PMID: 31187900 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There are many morphologically distinct membrane structures with different functions at the surface of epithelial cells. Among these, adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) are responsible for the mechanical linkage of epithelial cells and epithelial barrier function, respectively. In the process of new cell-cell adhesion formation between two epithelial cells, such as after wounding, AJ form first and then TJ form on the apical side of AJ. This process is very complicated because AJ formation triggers drastic changes in the organization of actin cytoskeleton, the activity of Rho family of small GTPases, and the lipid composition of the plasma membrane, all of which are required for subsequent TJ formation. In this review, the authors focus on the relationship between AJ and TJ as a representative example of specialization of plasma membrane regions and introduce recent findings on how AJ formation promotes the subsequent formation of TJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shigetomi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 774 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Junichi Ikenouchi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, 774 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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32
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Leiphart RJ, Chen D, Peredo AP, Loneker AE, Janmey PA. Mechanosensing at Cellular Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:7509-7519. [PMID: 30346180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
At the plasma membrane interface, cells use various adhesions to sense their extracellular environment. These adhesions facilitate the transmission of mechanical signals that dictate cell behavior. This review discusses the mechanisms by which these mechanical signals are transduced through cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions and how this mechanotransduction influences cell processes. Cell-matrix adhesions require the activation of and communication between various transmembrane protein complexes such as integrins. These links at the plasma membrane affect how a cell senses and responds to its matrix environment. Cells also communicate with each other through cell-cell adhesions, which further regulate cell behavior on a single- and multicellular scale. Coordination and competition between cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions in multicellular aggregates can, to a significant extent, be modeled by differential adhesion analyses between the different interfaces even without knowing the details of cellular signaling. In addition, cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesions are connected by an intracellular cytoskeletal network that allows for direct communication between these distinct adhesions and activation of specific signaling pathways. Other membrane-embedded protein complexes, such as growth factor receptors and ion channels, play additional roles in mechanotransduction. Overall, these mechanoactive elements show the dynamic interplay between the cell, its matrix, and neighboring cells and how these relationships affect cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Leiphart
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Dongning Chen
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Ana P Peredo
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Abigail E Loneker
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Pennsylvania , 210 S 33rd St , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Physiology , University of Pennsylvania , 3340 Smith Walk , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , United States
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33
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FHL2 mediates podocyte Rac1 activation and foot process effacement in hypertensive nephropathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6693. [PMID: 31040292 PMCID: PMC6491468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RAAS inhibition has been the standard treatment for CKD for years because it can reduce proteinuria and hence retard renal function decline, but the proteinuria reduction effect is still insufficient in many patients. Podocyte foot process and slit diaphragm are the final barrier to prevent serum proteins leak into urine, and podocyte foot process effacement is the common pathway of all proteinruic diseases. Cell structure are regulated by three evolutionarily conserved Rho GTPases, notably, Rac1 activation is sufficient and necessary for podocyte foot process effacement, however, Rac1 inhibition is not an option for kidney disease treatment because of its systemic side effects. Four-and-a-half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2) is highly expressed in podocytes and has been implicated in regulating diverse biological functions. Here, we used micro-dissected human kidney samples, in vitro podocyte culture experiments, and a hypertension animal model to determine the possible role of FHL2 in hypertensive nephropathy. FHL2 was abundantly upregulated in hypertensive human glomeruli and animal kidney samples. Genetic deletion of the FHL2 did not alter normal renal structure or function but mitigated hypertension-induced podocyte foot process effacement and albuminuria. Mechanistically, angiotensin II-induced podocyte cytoskeleton reorganization via FAK-Rac1 axis, FHL2 binds with FAK and is an important mediator of Ang II induced Rac1 activation, thus, FHL2 inhibition can selectively block FAK-Rac1 axis in podocyte and prevent proteinuria. These results provide important insights into the mechanisms of podocyte foot process effacement and points out a promising strategy to treat kidney disease.
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34
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Héraud C, Pinault M, Lagrée V, Moreau V. p190RhoGAPs, the ARHGAP35- and ARHGAP5-Encoded Proteins, in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040351. [PMID: 31013840 PMCID: PMC6523970 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) gathered in the Rat sarcoma (Ras) superfamily represent a large family of proteins involved in several key cellular mechanisms. Within the Ras superfamily, the Ras homolog (Rho) family is specialized in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton-based mechanisms. These proteins switch between an active and an inactive state, resulting in subsequent inhibiting or activating downstream signals, leading finally to regulation of actin-based processes. The On/Off status of Rho GTPases implicates two subsets of regulators: GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), which favor the active GTP (guanosine triphosphate) status of the GTPase and GAPs (GTPase activating proteins), which inhibit the GTPase by enhancing the GTP hydrolysis. In humans, the 20 identified Rho GTPases are regulated by over 70 GAP proteins suggesting a complex, but well-defined, spatio-temporal implication of these GAPs. Among the quite large number of RhoGAPs, we focus on p190RhoGAP, which is known as the main negative regulator of RhoA, but not exclusively. Two isoforms, p190A and p190B, are encoded by ARHGAP35 and ARHGAP5 genes, respectively. We describe here the function of each of these isoforms in physiological processes and sum up findings on their role in pathological conditions such as neurological disorders and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capucine Héraud
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Mathilde Pinault
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Valérie Lagrée
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
| | - Violaine Moreau
- INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research In Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, Bordeaux F-33000, France.
- Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM) 2018, 75007 Paris, France.
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Huang H, Wright S, Zhang J, Brekken RA. Getting a grip on adhesion: Cadherin switching and collagen signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118472. [PMID: 30954569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental biological process that is hijacked during tumor progression. Cadherin switching, which disrupts adherens junctions and alters cadherin-associated signaling pathways, is common during EMT. In many tumors, substantial extracellular matrix (ECM) is deposited. Collagen is the most abundant ECM constituent and it mediates specific signaling pathways by binding to integrins and discoidin domain receptors (DDRs). The interaction of the collagen receptors results in activation of signaling pathways that promote tumor progression including an induction of the cadherin switching. DDR inhibitors have demonstrated anticancer therapeutic efficacy preclinically by inhibiting the collagen signaling. Understanding how collagen signaling impacts cellular processes including EMT and cadherin switching is of great interest especially given the strong interest in stromal targeted therapies for desmoplastic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huocong Huang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven Wright
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Junqiu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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36
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Kaylan KB, Berg IC, Biehl MJ, Brougham-Cook A, Jain I, Jamil SM, Sargeant LH, Cornell NJ, Raetzman LT, Underhill GH. Spatial patterning of liver progenitor cell differentiation mediated by cellular contractility and Notch signaling. eLife 2018; 7:e38536. [PMID: 30589410 PMCID: PMC6342520 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The progenitor cells of the developing liver can differentiate toward both hepatocyte and biliary cell fates. In addition to the established roles of TGFβ and Notch signaling in this fate specification process, there is increasing evidence that liver progenitors are sensitive to mechanical cues. Here, we utilized microarrayed patterns to provide a controlled biochemical and biomechanical microenvironment for mouse liver progenitor cell differentiation. In these defined circular geometries, we observed biliary differentiation at the periphery and hepatocytic differentiation in the center. Parallel measurements obtained by traction force microscopy showed substantial stresses at the periphery, coincident with maximal biliary differentiation. We investigated the impact of downstream signaling, showing that peripheral biliary differentiation is dependent not only on Notch and TGFβ but also E-cadherin, myosin-mediated cell contractility, and ERK. We have therefore identified distinct combinations of microenvironmental cues which guide fate specification of mouse liver progenitors toward both hepatocyte and biliary fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim B Kaylan
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Ian C Berg
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Matthew J Biehl
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Aidan Brougham-Cook
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | - Ishita Jain
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Lori T Raetzman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaUnited States
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Braga V. Signaling by Small GTPases at Cell-Cell Junctions: Protein Interactions Building Control and Networks. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028746. [PMID: 28893858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of interesting reports highlight the intricate network of signaling proteins that coordinate formation and maintenance of cell-cell contacts. We have much yet to learn about how the in vitro binding data is translated into protein association inside the cells and whether such interaction modulates the signaling properties of the protein. What emerges from recent studies is the importance to carefully consider small GTPase activation in the context of where its activation occurs, which upstream regulators are involved in the activation/inactivation cycle and the GTPase interacting partners that determine the intracellular niche and extent of signaling. Data discussed here unravel unparalleled cooperation and coordination of functions among GTPases and their regulators in supporting strong adhesion between cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Braga
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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38
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Frank SR, Köllmann CP, Luong P, Galli GG, Zou L, Bernards A, Getz G, Calogero RA, Frödin M, Hansen SH. p190 RhoGAP promotes contact inhibition in epithelial cells by repressing YAP activity. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3183-3201. [PMID: 29934311 PMCID: PMC6122998 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201710058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP35 encoding p190A RhoGAP is a cancer-associated gene with a mutation spectrum suggestive of a tumor-suppressor function. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of heterozygosity for ARHGAP35 occurs in human tumors. We sought to identify tumor-suppressor capacities for p190A RhoGAP (p190A) and its paralog p190B in epithelial cells. We reveal an essential role for p190A and p190B to promote contact inhibition of cell proliferation (CIP), a function that relies on RhoGAP activity. Unbiased mRNA sequencing analyses establish that p190A and p190B modulate expression of genes associated with the Hippo pathway. Accordingly, we determine that p190A and p190B induce CIP by repressing YAP-TEAD-regulated gene transcription through activation of LATS kinases and inhibition of the Rho-ROCK pathway. Finally, we demonstrate that loss of a single p190 paralog is sufficient to elicit nuclear translocation of YAP and perturb CIP in epithelial cells cultured in Matrigel. Collectively, our data reveal a novel mechanism consistent with a tumor-suppressor function for ARHGAP35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Frank
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Clemens P Köllmann
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Phi Luong
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Giorgio G Galli
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lihua Zou
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - André Bernards
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Gad Getz
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Cancer Research and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- University of Torino, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Torino, Italy
| | - Morten Frödin
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- GI Cell Biology Research Laboratory, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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39
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Pal M, Bhattacharya S, Kalyan G, Hazra S. Cadherin profiling for therapeutic interventions in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:137-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Derksen PWB, van de Ven RAH. Shared mechanisms regulate spatiotemporal RhoA-dependent actomyosin contractility during adhesion and cell division. Small GTPases 2018; 11:113-121. [PMID: 29291271 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1366966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Local modulation of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for the initiation and maintenance of strong homotypic adhesive interfaces between neighboring cells. The epithelial adherens junction (AJ) fulfils a central role in this process by mediating E-cadherin interactions and functioning as a signaling scaffold to control the activity of the small GTPase RhoA and subsequent actomyosin contractility. Interestingly, a number of regulatory proteins that modulate RhoA activity at the AJ also control RhoA during cytokinesis, an actomyosin-dependent process that divides the cytoplasm to generate two daughter cells at the final stages of mitosis. Recent insights have revealed that the central player in AJ stability, p120-catenin (p120), interacts with and modulates essential regulators of actomyosin contraction during cytokinesis. In cancer, loss of this modulation is a common event during tumor progression that can induce chromosomal instability and tumor progression.In this review, we will highlight the functional differences and similarities of the different RhoA-associated factors that have been linked to both the regulation of cell-cell adhesion and cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert A H van de Ven
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
During the very first days of mammalian development, the embryo forms a structure called the blastocyst. The blastocyst consists of two cell types: the trophectoderm (TE), which implants the embryo in the uterus and the inner cell mass (ICM), which gives rise to all cells of the mammalian body. Previous works identified how cells differentiate according to their position within the embryo: TE for surface cells and ICM for internal cells. It is therefore essential to understand how cells acquire their position in the first place. During the formation of the blastocyst, cells distort and relocate as a consequence of forces that are generated by the cells themselves. Recently, several important studies have identified the forces and cellular mechanisms leading to the shaping of the ICM. Here, I describe how these studies led us to understand how contractile forces shape the mammalian embryo to position and differentiate the ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Léon Maître
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215 Inserm U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France - Équipe mécanique du développement mammifère, Unité Génétique et Biologie du Développement, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
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42
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Short SP, Kondo J, Smalley-Freed WG, Takeda H, Dohn MR, Powell AE, Carnahan RH, Washington MK, Tripathi M, Payne DM, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Coffey RJ, Reynolds AB. p120-Catenin is an obligate haploinsufficient tumor suppressor in intestinal neoplasia. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4462-4476. [PMID: 29130932 PMCID: PMC5707165 DOI: 10.1172/jci77217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
p120-Catenin (p120) functions as a tumor suppressor in intestinal cancer, but the mechanism is unclear. Here, using conditional p120 knockout in Apc-sensitized mouse models of intestinal cancer, we have identified p120 as an "obligatory" haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. Whereas monoallelic loss of p120 was associated with a significant increase in tumor multiplicity, loss of both alleles was never observed in tumors from these mice. Moreover, forced ablation of the second allele did not further enhance tumorigenesis, but instead induced synthetic lethality in combination with Apc loss of heterozygosity. In tumor-derived organoid cultures, elimination of both p120 alleles resulted in caspase-3-dependent apoptosis that was blocked by inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK). With ROCK inhibition, however, p120-ablated organoids exhibited a branching phenotype and a substantial increase in cell proliferation. Access to data from Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis screens afforded an opportunity to directly assess the tumorigenic impact of p120 haploinsufficiency relative to other candidate drivers. Remarkably, p120 ranked third among the 919 drivers identified. Cofactors α-catenin and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) were also among the highest scoring candidates, indicating a mechanism at the level of the intact complex that may play an important role at very early stages of of intestinal tumorigenesis while simultaneously restricting outright loss via synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Haruna Takeda
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michael R. Dohn
- Department of Cancer Biology, and
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anne E. Powell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Mary K. Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - D. Michael Payne
- CU Systems Biology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nancy A. Jenkins
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neal G. Copeland
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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43
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Venhuizen JH, Zegers MM. Making Heads or Tails of It: Cell-Cell Adhesion in Cellular and Supracellular Polarity in Collective Migration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027854. [PMID: 28246177 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is paramount to morphogenesis and contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. To migrate directionally and reach their site of destination, migrating cells must distinguish a front and a rear. In addition to polarizing individually, cell-cell interactions in collectively migrating cells give rise to a higher order of polarity, which allows them to move as a supracellular unit. Rather than just conferring adhesion, emerging evidence indicates that cadherin-based adherens junctions intrinsically polarize the cluster and relay mechanical signals to establish both intracellular and supracellular polarity. In this review, we discuss the various functions of adherens junctions in polarity of migrating cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Venhuizen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Malignant carcinomas are often characterized by metastasis, the movement of carcinoma cells from a primary site to colonize distant organs. For metastasis to occur, carcinoma cells first must adopt a pro-migratory phenotype and move through the surrounding stroma towards a blood or lymphatic vessel. Currently, there are very limited possibilities to target these processes therapeutically. The family of Rho GTPases is an ubiquitously expressed division of GTP-binding proteins involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics and intracellular signaling. The best characterized members of the Rho family GTPases are RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. Abnormalities in Rho GTPase function have major consequences for cancer progression. Rho GTPase activation is driven by cell surface receptors that activate GTP exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on Rho GTPase function in the regulation of metastasis. We will focus on key discoveries in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), cell-cell junctions, formation of membrane protrusions, plasticity of cell migration and adaptation to a hypoxic environment. In addition, we will emphasize on crosstalk between Rho GTPase family members and other important oncogenic pathways, such as cyclic AMP-mediated signaling, canonical Wnt/β-catenin, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α) and provide an overview of the advancements and challenges in developing pharmacological tools to target Rho GTPase and the aforementioned crosstalk in the context of cancer therapeutics.
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45
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Kourtidis A, Lu R, Pence LJ, Anastasiadis PZ. A central role for cadherin signaling in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:78-85. [PMID: 28412244 PMCID: PMC5544584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic adhesion molecules with important functions in cell-cell adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and cancer. In epithelial cells, E-cadherin accumulates at areas of cell-cell contact, coalesces into macromolecular complexes to form the adherens junctions (AJs), and associates via accessory partners with a subcortical ring of actin to form the apical zonula adherens (ZA). As a master regulator of the epithelial phenotype, E-cadherin is essential for the overall maintenance and homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Its expression is regulated by a host of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms related to cancer, and its function is modulated by mechanical forces at the junctions, by direct binding and phosphorylation of accessory proteins collectively termed catenins, by endocytosis, recycling and degradation, as well as, by multiple signaling pathways and developmental processes, like the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nuclear signaling mediated by the cadherin associated proteins β-catenin and p120 promotes growth, migration and pluripotency. Receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPase, and HIPPO signaling, are all regulated by E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. Finally, the recruitment of the microprocessor complex to the ZA by PLEKHA7, and the subsequent regulation of a small subset of miRNAs provide an additional mechanism by which the state of epithelial cell-cell adhesion affects translation of target genes to maintain the homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Collectively, the data indicate that loss of E-cadherin function, especially at the ZA, is a common and crucial step in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lindy J Pence
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Panos Z Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Chromatin remodeling protein MORC2 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis through a PRD domain-mediated interaction with CTNND1. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97941-97954. [PMID: 29228664 PMCID: PMC5716704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MORC family CW-type zinc finger 2 (MORC2) is a newly identified chromatin remodeling protein with emerging roles in the regulation of DNA damage response and gene transcription, but its mechanistic role in breast cancer development and progression remains unexplored. Here, we show that MORC2 promoted breast cancer invasion and metastasis and these effects depended on a proline-rich domain (PRD) within its carboxy-terminal region spanning residues 601–734. Induced expression of wild-type MORC2 did not significantly affect cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and metastatic lung colonization in vivo. The PRD domain was dispensable for the protein stability and subcellular localization of MORC2, but depletion of the PRD domain substantially suppressed MORC2-mediated migration, invasion, and metastasis. Proteomic and biochemical analyses further demonstrated that wild-type MORC2, but not PRD deletion mutant, interacted with catenin delta 1 (CTNND1), a cadherin-associated protein that participates in tumor invasion and metastasis. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous CTNND1 by short hairpin RNAs suppressed the migratory and invasive potential of MORC2-expressing cells. Taken together, these results suggest that MORC2 promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis through its PRD domain-mediated interaction with CTNND1.
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47
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Komarova YA, Kruse K, Mehta D, Malik AB. Protein Interactions at Endothelial Junctions and Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability. Circ Res 2017; 120:179-206. [PMID: 28057793 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The monolayer of endothelial cells lining the vessel wall forms a semipermeable barrier (in all tissue except the relatively impermeable blood-brain and inner retinal barriers) that regulates tissue-fluid homeostasis, transport of nutrients, and migration of blood cells across the barrier. Permeability of the endothelial barrier is primarily regulated by a protein complex called adherens junctions. Adherens junctions are not static structures; they are continuously remodeled in response to mechanical and chemical cues in both physiological and pathological settings. Here, we discuss recent insights into the post-translational modifications of junctional proteins and signaling pathways regulating plasticity of adherens junctions and endothelial permeability. We also discuss in the context of what is already known and newly defined signaling pathways that mediate endothelial barrier leakiness (hyperpermeability) that are important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and lung diseases and vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Komarova
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Kevin Kruse
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Dolly Mehta
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From the Department of Pharmacology and the Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago.
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48
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Ohmura T, Tian Y, Sarich N, Ke Y, Meliton A, Shah AS, Andreasson K, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. Regulation of lung endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses by prostaglandin A2: role of EP4 receptor. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1622-1635. [PMID: 28428256 PMCID: PMC5469606 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-09-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PGA2 exhibits anti-inflammatory and barrier-protective effects on endothelial cells and in two mouse models of acute lung injury. PGA2-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and suppression of the NFκB pathway is mediated by prostanoid receptor EP4. Endothelial-specific EP4 knockout abolishes PGA2-protective effects in vitro and in vivo. The role of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) in modulation of vascular endothelial function is unknown. We investigated effects of PGA2 on pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) permeability and inflammatory activation and identified a receptor mediating these effects. PGA2 enhanced the EC barrier and protected against barrier dysfunction caused by vasoactive peptide thrombin and proinflammatory bacterial wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Receptor screening using pharmacological and molecular inhibitory approaches identified EP4 as a novel PGA2 receptor. EP4 mediated barrier-protective effects of PGA2 by activating Rap1/Rac1 GTPase and protein kinase A targets at cell adhesions and cytoskeleton: VE-cadherin, p120-catenin, ZO-1, cortactin, and VASP. PGA2 also suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory signaling by inhibiting the NFκB pathway and expression of EC adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1. These effects were abolished by pharmacological or molecular inhibition of EP4. In vivo, PGA2 was protective in two distinct models of acute lung injury (ALI): LPS-induced inflammatory injury and two-hit ALI caused by suboptimal mechanical ventilation and injection of thrombin receptor–activating peptide. These protective effects were abolished in mice with endothelial-specific EP4 knockout. The results suggest a novel role for the PGA2–EP4 axis in vascular EC protection that is critical for improvement of pathological states associated with increased vascular leakage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Ohmura
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Angelo Meliton
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Alok S Shah
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Katrin Andreasson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Lung Injury Center, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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Matsuda S, Kawamoto K, Miyamoto K, Tsuji A, Yuasa K. PCTK3/CDK18 regulates cell migration and adhesion by negatively modulating FAK activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45545. [PMID: 28361970 PMCID: PMC5374530 DOI: 10.1038/srep45545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PCTAIRE kinase 3 (PCTK3) is a member of the cyclin dependent kinase family, but its physiological function remains unknown. We previously reported that PCTK3-knockdown HEK293T cells showed actin accumulation at the leading edge, suggesting that PCTK3 is involved in the regulation of actin reorganization. In this study, we investigated the physiological function and downstream signal transduction molecules of PCTK3. PCTK3 knockdown in HEK293T cells increased cell motility and RhoA/Rho-associated kinase activity as compared with control cells. We also found that phosphorylation at residue Tyr-397 in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was increased in PCTK3-knockdown cells. FAK phosphorylation at Tyr-397 was increased in response to fibronectin stimulation, whereas its phosphorylation was suppressed by PCTK3. In addition, excessive expression of PCTK3 led to the formation of filopodia during the early stages of cell adhesion in HeLa cells. These results indicate that PCTK3 controls actin cytoskeleton dynamics by negatively regulating the FAK/Rho signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Matsuda
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kohei Kawamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.,Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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Arnold TR, Stephenson RE, Miller AL. Rho GTPases and actomyosin: Partners in regulating epithelial cell-cell junction structure and function. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:20-30. [PMID: 28363828 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissues are defined by polarized epithelial cells that are integrated into tissues and exhibit barrier function in order to regulate what is allowed to pass between cells. Cell-cell junctions must be stable enough to promote barrier function and tissue integrity, yet plastic enough to remodel when necessary. This remarkable ability to dynamically sense and respond to changes in cell shape and tissue tension allows cell-cell junctions to remain functional during events that disrupt epithelial homeostasis including morphogenesis, wound healing, and cell division. In order to achieve this plasticity, both tight junctions and adherens junctions are coupled to the underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here, we discuss the importance of the junctional linkage to actomyosin and how a localized zone of active RhoA along with other Rho GTPases work together to orchestrate junctional actomyosin dynamics. We focus on how scaffold proteins help coordinate Rho GTPases, their upstream regulators, and their downstream effectors for efficient, localized Rho GTPase signaling output. Additionally, we highlight important roles junctional actin-binding proteins play in addition to their traditional roles in organizing actin. Together, Rho GTPases, their regulators, and effectors form compartmentalized signaling modules that regulate actomyosin structure and contractility to achieve proper cell-cell adhesion and tissue barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torey R Arnold
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rachel E Stephenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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