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Yoon JH, Kim DO, Lee S, Lee BH, Kim ES, Son YK, Kopalli SR, Lee JH, Ju Y, Lee J, Cho JY. Anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic effects of the ethanol extract of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118374. [PMID: 38789093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn is a vascular plant belonging to the genus Picrasma of Simaroubaceae family and grows in Korea, China, India, Taiwan, and Japan. Picrasma quassioides extract has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, this plant has been also traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scabies, and boils in skin. AIM OF THE STUDY The Pq-EE has been reported in Chinese pharmacopoeia for its pharmacological effects on skin. However, the detailed mechanism on alleviating skin conditions is not understood. Hence, we investigated the skin improvement potential of Pq-EE against skin damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) to study the effects of Pq-EE on the epidermis. Additionally, in vitro antioxidant assays were performed using a solution that included either metal ions or free radicals. RESULTS In colorimetric antioxidant assays, Pq-EE inhibited free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The Pq-EE did not affect cell viability and promoted cell survival under UVB exposure conditions in the MTT assay. The Pq-EE downregulated the mRNA levels of apoptotic factors. Moreover, MMP1 and inflammatory cytokine iNOS mRNA levels decreased with Pq-EE treatment. With regard to protein levels, caspases and cleaved caspases were more powerfully inhibited by Pq-EE than UVB-irritated conditions. p53 and Bax also decreased with Pq-EE treatment. The melanin contents and secretion were decreased at nontoxic concentrations of Pq-EE. The pigmentation pathway genes also were inhibited by treatment with Pq-EE. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we suggest the cell protective potential of Pq-EE against UVB and ROS, indicating its use in UV-protective cosmeceutical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Ock Kim
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Seungki Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
| | - Byong-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
| | - Eun Sil Kim
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, South Korea.
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
| | - Ji Heun Lee
- PharmacoBio Inc, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, 13219, South Korea.
| | - Youngwoon Ju
- PharmacoBio Inc, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam, 13219, South Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Interdisciplinary Program in Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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Koc H, Uzunoğlu S. A potential biomarker for age-related macular degeneration disease: iris freckles. Int J Retina Vitreous 2024; 10:62. [PMID: 39238056 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-024-00575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRAUND To determine the potential relationship between age-related macular degeneration and iris freckles. METHOD In this case-control study, iris photographs of 300 eyes of 300 patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration and 300 eyes of 300 healthy volunteers were obtained with the help of a high-resolution mobile phone camera. The evaluated iris photographs were classified according to the Descriptive Iris Color Classification Scale. RESULTS The average age of the AMD group is 73.05 ± 6.93, and the average age of the control group is 73.43 ± 5.72. (p = 0.124) While freckles were present in 200 (66.7%) of the patients in the AMD group, freckles were not observed in 100 patients (33.3%) of AMD group. While freckles were present in 142 (47.3%) of the patients in the control group, freckles were not observed in 158 of control group(52.7%). There was a significant difference in the presence of freckles between the two groups. (p < 0.001) The average number of freckles in the AMD group was 3.97 ± 3.07, and the number of freckles in the control group was 3.06 ± 2.55. (p = 0.001) CONCLUSION: We think that evaluation of iris details, especially the presence of iris freckles, should be used routinely in age-related macular degeneration screening. The risk of age-related macular degeneration can be predicted by evaluating iris details, which is an easy and inexpensive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Koc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey.
| | - Seda Uzunoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Giresun University, Giresun, 28100, Turkey
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Green KJ, Pokorny J, Jarrell B. Dangerous liaisons: Loss of keratinocyte control over melanocytes in melanomagenesis. Bioessays 2024:e2400135. [PMID: 39233509 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanomas arise from transformed melanocytes, positioned at the dermal-epidermal junction in the basal layer of the epidermis. Melanocytes are completely surrounded by keratinocyte neighbors, with which they communicate through direct contact and paracrine signaling to maintain normal growth control and homeostasis. UV radiation from sunlight reshapes this communication network to drive a protective tanning response. However, repeated rounds of sun exposure result in accumulation of mutations in melanocytes that have been considered as primary drivers of melanoma initiation and progression. It is now clear that mutations in melanocytes are not sufficient to drive tumor formation-the tumor environment plays a critical role. This review focuses on changes in melanocyte-keratinocyte communication that contribute to melanoma initiation and progression, with a particular focus on recent mechanistic insights that lay a foundation for developing new ways to intercept melanoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Green
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Jenny Pokorny
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Brieanna Jarrell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
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Wang F, Ma W, Fan D, Hu J, An X, Wang Z. The biochemistry of melanogenesis: an insight into the function and mechanism of melanogenesis-related proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1440187. [PMID: 39228912 PMCID: PMC11368874 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1440187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanin is an amino acid derivative produced by melanocyte through a series of enzymatic reactions using tyrosinase as substrate. Human skin and hair color is also closely related to melanin, so understanding the mechanisms and proteins that produce melanin is very important. There are many proteins involved in the process of melanin expression, For example, proteins involved in melanin formation such as p53, HNF-1α (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α), SOX10 (Sry-related HMg-Box gene 10) and pax3 (paired box gene 3), MC1R(Melanocortin 1 Receptor), MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (tyrosinase-related protein-1), TYRP2 (tyrosinase-related protein-2), and can be regulated by changing their content to control the production rate of melanin. Others, such as OA1 (ocular albinism type 1), Par-2 (protease-activated receptor 2) and Mlph (Melanophilin), have been found to control the transfer rate of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, and regulate the amount of human epidermal melanin to control the depth of human skin color. In addition to the above proteins, there are other protein families also involved in the process of melanin expression, such as BLOC, Rab and Rho. This article reviews the origin of melanocytes, the related proteins affecting melanin and the basic causes of related gene mutations. In addition, we also summarized the active ingredients of 5 popular whitening cosmetics and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjie Fan
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong An
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Shanghai Jiyan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zuding Wang
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Yunke Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
- Yunnan Botanee Bio-Technology Group Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
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Chen S, Zeng J, Saad M, Lineaweaver WC, Chen Z, Pan Y. Precision Drug Repurposing: A Deep Learning Toolkit for Identifying 34 Hyperpigmentation-Associated Genes and Optimizing Treatment Selection. Ann Plast Surg 2024; 93:S30-S42. [PMID: 38896860 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000004007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder characterized by a localized darkening of the skin due to increased melanin production. When patients fail first line topical treatments, secondary treatments such as chemical peels and lasers are offered. However, these interventions are not devoid of risks and are associated with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. In the quest for novel therapeutic potentials, this study aims to investigate computational methods in the identification of new targeted therapies in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. METHODS We used a comprehensive approach, which integrated text mining, interpreting gene lists through enrichment analysis and integration of diverse biological information (GeneCodis), protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses (STRING), and plug-in network centrality parameters (Cytoscape) to pinpoint genes closely associated with hyperpigmentation. Subsequently, analysis of drug-gene interactions to identify potential drugs (Cortellis) was utilized to select drugs targeting these identified genes. Lastly, we used Deep Learning Based Drug Repurposing Toolkit (DeepPurpose) to conduct drug-target interaction predictions to ultimately identify candidate drugs with the most promising binding affinities. RESULTS Thirty-four hyperpigmentation-related genes were identified by text mining. Eight key genes were highlighted by utilizing GeneCodis, STRING, Cytoscape, gene enrichment, and protein-protein interaction analysis. Thirty-five drugs targeting hyperpigmentation-associated genes were identified by Cortellis, and 29 drugs, including 16 M2PK1 inhibitors, 11 KRAS inhibitors, and 2 BRAF inhibitors were recommended by DeepPurpose. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the promise of advanced computational methodology for identifying potential treatments for hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Chen
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhao Zeng
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mariam Saad
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Zhiwei Chen
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Pan
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Maffei E, D'Antonio A, Addesso M, Pandolfo SD, Verze P, Caputo A. Exploring the landscape of urinary tract melanomas: A review for pathologists and clinicians. Urologia 2024:3915603241263215. [PMID: 39045672 DOI: 10.1177/03915603241263215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanomas originating within the urinary tract represent a rare and clinically challenging subset of malignancies. Despite extensive research on cutaneous melanomas, urinary tract melanomas remain relatively unexplored, presenting diagnostic dilemmas and limited treatment consensus. In this comprehensive review, we synthesize current knowledge on the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological characteristics, and treatment strategies specific to this disease. Enhancing clinical awareness, refining diagnostic approaches, and exploring novel therapeutic interventions hold promise for improving outcomes in this challenging malignancy subset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Addesso
- Department of Pathology, PO Tortora, Pagani (SA), Italy
| | | | - Paolo Verze
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Salerno, Italy
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Li J, Yin S, Wei Z, Xiao Z, Kang Z, Wu Y, Huang Y, Jia Q, Peng Y, Ru Z, Sun X, Yang Y, Yang Q, Wang J, Liu C, Yang M, Wang Y, Yang X. Newly identified peptide Nigrocin-OA27 inhibits UVB induced melanin production via the MITF/TYR pathway. Peptides 2024; 177:171215. [PMID: 38608837 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Melasma is a common skin disease induced by an increase in the content of melanin in the skin, which also causes serious physical and mental harm to patients. In this research, a novel peptide (Nigrocin-OA27) from Odorrana andersonii is shown to exert a whitening effect on C57 mice pigmentation model. The peptide also demonstrated non-toxic and antioxidant capacity, and can significantly reduce melanin content in B16 cells. Topical application effectively delivered Nigrocin-OA27 to skin's epidermal and dermal layers and exhibited significant preventive and whitening effects on the UVB-induced ear pigmentation model in C57 mice. The whitening mechanism of Nigrocin-OA27 may be related to reduced levels of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and the key enzyme for melanogenesis-tyrosinase (TYR). Nigrocin-OA27 also inhibited the catalytic activity by adhering to the active core of TYR, thereby reducing melanin formation and deposition. In conclusion, Nigrocin-OA27 may be a potentially effective external agent to treat melasma by inhibiting aberrant skin melanin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Saige Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zhaoxun Xiao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qiuye Jia
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Zeqiong Ru
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xiaohan Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuliu Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Junyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Chengxing Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China.
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Bournez C, Gally JM, Aci-Sèche S, Bernard P, Bonnet P. Virtual screening of natural products to enhance melanogenosis. Mol Inform 2024:e202300335. [PMID: 38864978 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have long been an important source of inspiration for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. In the cosmetic field, they remain the major elements of the composition and serve as marketing asset. Recent research showed the implication of salt-inducible kinases on the melanin production in skin via MITF regulation. Finding new potent modulators on such target could open the way to several cosmetic applications to attenuate visible signs of photoaging and improve the tan without sun. Since virtual screening can be a powerful tool for detecting hit compounds in the early stages of a drug discovery process, we applied this method on salt-inducible kinase 2 to discover potential interesting compounds. Here, we present the different steps from the construction of a database of natural products, to the validation of a docking protocol and the results of the virtual screening. Hits from the screening were tested in vitro to confirm their efficiency and results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Bournez
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - José-Manuel Gally
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Samia Aci-Sèche
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), UMR CNRS-Université d'Orléans 7311, Université d'Orléans BP 6759, 45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
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Upadhyay PR, Swope VB, Starner RJ, Koikov L, Abdel-Malek ZA. Journey through the spectacular landscape of melanocortin 1 receptor. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38857302 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The physiological role of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone in regulating integumental pigmentation of many vertebrate species has been recognized since the 1960's. However, its physiological significance for human pigmentation remained enigmatic until the 1990's. α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone and related melanocortins are synthesized locally in the skin, primarily by keratinocytes, in addition to the pituitary gland, and therefore act as paracrine factors for melanocytes. Human melanocytes express the melanocortin 1 receptor, which recognizes α-melanocyte stimulating hormone and the related adrenocorticotropic hormone as agonists. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the pleotropic effects of the activated melanocortin 1 receptor that maintain human melanocyte homeostasis by regulating melanogenesis and the response to environmental stressors, mainly solar radiation. Certain allelic variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor gene are associated with specific pigmentary phenotypes in various human populations. Variants associated with red hair phenotype compromise the function of the encoded receptor. Activation of the human melanocortin 1 receptor regulates eumelanin synthesis and enhances DNA damage response of melanocytes to solar radiation and oxidative stressors. We describe how synthetic selective melanocortin 1 receptor agonists can be efficacious as sunless tanning agents, for treatment of vitiligo and photosensitivity disorders, and for prevention of skin cancer, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Upadhyay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - V B Swope
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - R J Starner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - L Koikov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Z A Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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10
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Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Barolet AC, Barolet D. Reducing Carbon Dioxide Laser-Induced Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation with Prophylactic Photobiomodulation: A Case Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:339-342. [PMID: 38776545 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic photobiomodulation (PBM) in reducing postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) induced by carbon dioxide (CO2) laser resurfacing in a patient with periorbital syringomas. Background: PIH is a common condition characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation after an inflammatory process occurring in up to 20-30% of patients undergoing CO2 laser resurfacing. Methods: The patient was treated with PBM using a pulsed home-use device at 630 nm before and after CO2 laser treatment. The patient was asked to treat the right periorbital area before and after the CO2 laser treatment, which was continued once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. Results: At 12 weeks, PIH was significantly reduced on the treated side compared with the contralateral untreated side (leading to persistent erythema at 6 months). Conclusions: This is the first report of prophylactic treatment of CO2 laser-induced dyschromia using PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin C Barolet
- Department of Surgery, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Quebec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- RoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Barolet
- RoseLab Skin Optics Research Laboratory, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Cui YZ, Xu F, Zhou Y, Wang ZY, Yang XY, Fu NC, Chen XB, Zheng YX, Chen XY, Ye LR, Li YY, Man XY. SPRY1 Deficiency in Keratinocytes Induces Follicular Melanocyte Stem Cell Migration to the Epidermis through p53/Stem Cell Factor/C-KIT Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00178-7. [PMID: 38462125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes (KCs). KCs and melanocytes respond to UV exposure by eliciting a tanning response. However, how KCs and melanocytes interact in the absence of UV exposure is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that after SPRY1 knockout in epidermal KCs, melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicle exit the niche without depleting the pool of these cells. We also found that melanocyte stem cells migrate to the epidermis in a p53/stem cell factor/C-KIT-dependent manner induced by a tanning-like response resulting from SPRY1 loss in epidermal KCs. Once there, these cells differentiate into functional melanocytes. These findings provide an example in which the migration of melanocyte stem cells to the epidermis is due to loss of SPRY1 in epidermal KCs and show the potential for developing therapies for skin pigmentation disorders by manipulating melanocyte stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhe Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ni-Chang Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Bei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ran Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Man
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Hara Y, Shibata T. Characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and solar lentigo. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2024; 40:e12953. [PMID: 38353352 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND /PURPOSE Melasma and solar lentigo (SL) are major benign hyperpigmented lesions, and both have been shown to involve the dermal vasculature. This review discusses current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics of dermal vascularity in melasma and SL, as well as the results of relevant molecular biological investigations. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched in December 2023 to identify articles related to melasma, SL, and the dermal vasculature in these lesions. RESULTS Vascular morphologies in melasma and SL have been detected by histological and non-invasive methods, including modalities such as optical coherence tomography. Biological studies have indicated that factors secreted from vascular endothelial cells, such as stem cell factor and endothelin-1, can promote melanogenesis. With respect to phototherapy, blood vessel-targeting laser treatments are expected to provide long-term suppression of pigmentation, but this regimen is only effective when dilated capillaries are visible. CONCLUSION In both melasma and SL, clinical and experimental investigations are revealing the contributions of dermal vascularity to hyperpigmentation. More effective treatment may require identification of hyperpigmentation subtypes. In the future, knowledge of treatment (including phototherapy) is expected to accumulate through reliable and validated non-invasive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hara
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takako Shibata
- MIRAI Technology Institute, Shiseido Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Kee YK, Jeon HJ, Oh J, Shin DH. Vitamin D and narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2024; 43:177-185. [PMID: 37098678 PMCID: PMC11016673 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.22.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to improving the serum vitamin D balance, narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy can effectively treat chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP). We investigated the degree of CKD-aP amelioration according to changes in the serum vitamin D level after NB-UVB phototherapy. METHODS This was a before-after clinical study in patients with refractory CKD-aP on hemodialysis. NB-UVB phototherapy was administered thrice weekly for 12 weeks. The response of CKD-aP to NB-UVB phototherapy was assessed as the change in pruritus intensity over time. A rapid response was defined as a reduction in the visual analog scale (VAS) score of ≥50% within the first 6 weeks of NB-UVB phototherapy. RESULTS We included 34 patients in this study. Although serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations increased significantly, by a median of 17.4 ng/mL, after the phototherapy course, other serologic parameters did not change. NB-UVB phototherapy reduced the VAS score for pruritus intensity over time significantly more in patients with Δ25(OH)D of >17.4 ng/mL than in patients with Δ25(OH)D of ≤17.4 ng/mL (p = 0.001). Ten patients were rapid responders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Δ25(OH)D was independently associated with rapid response (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.63; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The effect of NB-UVB phototherapy on patients with CKD-aP correlated with their increase in serum vitamin D levels. Further well-designed clinical and experimental studies are needed to clarify the relationship between NB-UVB phototherapy and serum vitamin D levels in patients with CKD-aP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Kyung Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Seong SH, Lee YI, Lee J, Suk J, Kim IA, Baeg C, Kim J, Lee JH. Oral consumption of Bonito fish-derived elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin ® ) improves biophysical properties in aging skin: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13634. [PMID: 38481080 PMCID: PMC10938029 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that the elastin peptide improves the skin's biophysical properties, enhancing the proliferation of fibroblasts and elastin synthesis, resulting in anti-aging properties. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to clinically evaluate the effect of elastin peptide intake on human skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Healthy adult participants (N = 100) were randomly assigned to receive a test product containing 100 mg of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin® ) or placebo. In this study, all participants were Asian from Korea. The parameters of skin wrinkles, hydration, and brightening (melanin index) were measured at baseline and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after intervention. RESULTS The average skin roughness, maximum peak-to-valley values, maximum peak height of the wrinkle, maximum valley depth of the wrinkle, average maximum height of the wrinkle, and eye wrinkle volume improved considerably in the test group compared with the placebo after 12 weeks of intervention. Skin hydration was enhanced, and the melanin index was significantly lower in the test group than in the placebo group. No participant experienced adverse events related to the test product. CONCLUSION Oral consumption of Bonito elastin peptide (VGPG Elastin®) reduced fine wrinkles, enhanced skin moisture, and decreased melanin index without significant adverse effects and may be a promising anti-wrinkle, anti-dryness, and anti-pigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hwa Seong
- Department of DermatologySeverance HospitalCutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery CenterYonsei Cancer HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young In Lee
- Department of DermatologySeverance HospitalCutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery CenterYonsei Cancer HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Joohee Lee
- Department of DermatologySeverance HospitalCutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jangmi Suk
- Global Medical Research CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Global Medical Research CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Jinhak Kim
- R&D DivisionDaehan Chemtech Co., Ltd.SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Department of DermatologySeverance HospitalCutaneous Biology Research InstituteYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Scar Laser and Plastic Surgery CenterYonsei Cancer HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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16
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Rooker A, Ouwerkerk W, Bekkenk MW, Luiten RM, Bakker WJ. The Risk of Keratinocyte Cancer in Vitiligo and the Potential Mechanisms Involved. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:234-242. [PMID: 37791932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Although light skin types are associated with increased skin cancer risk, a lower incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) has been reported in patients with vitiligo. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the NMSC risk in patients with vitiligo, indicating a reduced relative risk ratio of NMSC in vitiligo. Furthermore, we propose a series of hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms, including both immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated pathways. This study reveals insights into the relationship between vitiligo and keratinocyte cancer and can also be used to better inform patients with vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Rooker
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Ouwerkerk
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; VU University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Walbert J Bakker
- Department of Dermatology and Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Seo B, Yang S, Cho E, Qureshi AA, Han J. Association of sun-seeking behaviors with indoor tanning behavior in US white females during high school/college in Nurses' Health Study II. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 38212727 PMCID: PMC10785486 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent exposure to ultraviolet light has more detrimental and longer-term effects on the skin in early life than in adulthood. Teenagers with strong sun-seeking behaviors may be more likely to use an indoor tanning bed than those who seek less sun. We aimed to examine associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning behavior during high school/college in US females. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we used data from The Nurses' Health Study II, a large prospective cohort of US female nurses. We included a total of 81,746 white females who provided responses on the average annual frequency of indoor tanning during high school/college. Our study exposures were number of times/week spent outdoors in a swimsuit and percentage of time wearing sunscreen at the pool/beach as a teenager, weekly hours spent outdoors in direct sunlight during the daytime during high school/college, and number of severe sunburns that blistered between ages 15-20 years. The main outcome was annual frequency of indoor tanning bed usage during high school/college. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we demonstrated positive associations between sun-seeking behaviors and indoor tanning use. Specifically, teenagers who spent 7 times/week outdoors in a swimsuit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] for daily vs. <1/week: 2.68, 1.76-4.09) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Teenagers with ≥ 10 sunburns (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 10 vs. never: 2.18, 1.53-3.10) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Also, teenagers/undergraduates who spent ≥ 5 h/week outdoors in direct sunlight (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 5 h/week vs. <1 h/week: 2.18, 1.39-3.44) were more likely to use indoor tanning ≥ 12 times/year. However, there was not a significant association between average usage of sunscreen at the pool/beach and average usage of indoor tanning beds. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models also showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS Teenagers who spent more time outdoors in a swimsuit/direct sunlight or got more sunburns tended to use indoor tanning more frequently. These findings provide evidence that teenagers with stronger sun-seeking behaviors may have more exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojung Seo
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Health Sciences Building, RG 6124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Health Sciences Building, RG 6124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abrar A Qureshi
- Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1050 Wishard Blvd, Health Sciences Building, RG 6124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA.
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18
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Wang X, Wu W, Chen J, Li C, Li S. Management of the refractory vitiligo patient: current therapeutic strategies and future options. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1294919. [PMID: 38239366 PMCID: PMC10794984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease that leads to disfiguring depigmented lesions of skin and mucosa. Although effective treatments are available for vitiligo, there are still some patients with poor responses to conventional treatment. Refractory vitiligo lesions are mostly located on exposed sites such as acral sites and lips, leading to significant life stress. Understanding the causes of refractory vitiligo and developing targeted treatments are essential to enhance vitiligo outcomes. In this review, we summarized recent treatment approaches and some potential methods for refractory vitiligo. Janus kinase inhibitors have shown efficacy in refractory vitiligo. A variety of surgical interventions and fractional carbon dioxide laser have been widely applied to combination therapies. Furthermore, melanocyte regeneration and activation therapies are potentially effective strategies. Patients with refractory vitiligo should be referred to psychological monitoring and interventions to reduce the potential pathogenic effects of chronic stress. Finally, methods for depigmentation and camouflage may be beneficial in achieving uniform skin color and improved quality of life. Our ultimate focus is to provide alternative options for refractory vitiligo and to bring inspiration to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shuli Li
- *Correspondence: Shuli Li, ; Chunying Li,
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19
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Kim HS, Kim HJ, Hong YD, Son ED, Cho SY. β-endorphin suppresses ultraviolet B irradiation-induced epidermal barrier damage by regulating inflammation-dependent mTORC1 signaling. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22357. [PMID: 38102220 PMCID: PMC10724221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation triggers excessive inflammation, disrupting the epidermal barrier, and can eventually cause skin cancer. A previous study reported that under UVB irradiation, epidermal keratinocytes synthesize the proopiomelanocortin-derived peptide β-endorphin, which is known for its analgesic effect. However, little is known about the role of β-endorphin in UVB-exposed skin. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the protective role of β-endorphin against UVB irradiation-induced damage to the skin barrier in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs) and on a human skin equivalent model. Treatment with β-endorphin reduced inflammatory responses in UVB-irradiated NHKs by inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that β-endorphin treatment reversed UVB-induced abnormal epidermal proliferation and differentiation in NHKs and, thus, repaired the skin barrier in UVB-treated skin equivalents. The observed effects of β-endorphin on UVB-irradiated NHKs were mediated via blockade of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results reveal that β-endorphin might be useful against UVB-induced skin injury, including the disruption of the skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Su Kim
- Amorepacific Research and Innovation Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Amorepacific Research and Innovation Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| | - Yong-Deog Hong
- Amorepacific Research and Innovation Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea
| | - Eui Dong Son
- Amorepacific Research and Innovation Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea.
| | - Si-Young Cho
- Amorepacific Research and Innovation Center, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, 17074, Korea.
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20
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Elkoshi N, Parikh S, Malcov-Brog H, Parikh R, Manich P, Netti F, Maliah A, Elkoshi H, Haj M, Rippin I, Frand J, Perluk T, Haiat-Factor R, Golan T, Regev-Rudzki N, Kiper E, Brenner R, Gonen P, Dror I, Levi H, Hameiri O, Cohen-Gulkar M, Eldar-Finkelman H, Ast G, Nizri E, Ziv Y, Elkon R, Khaled M, Ebenstein Y, Shiloh Y, Levy C. Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Signaling Delays Skin Pigmentation upon UV Exposure by Mediating MITF Function toward DNA Repair Mode. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2494-2506.e4. [PMID: 37236596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is paused after sun exposure; however, the mechanism behind this pausing is unknown. In this study, we found that the UVB-induced DNA repair system, led by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase, represses MITF transcriptional activity of pigmentation genes while placing MITF in DNA repair mode, thus directly inhibiting pigment production. Phosphoproteomics analysis revealed ATM to be the most significantly enriched pathway among all UVB-induced DNA repair systems. ATM inhibition in mouse or human skin, either genetically or chemically, induces pigmentation. Upon UVB exposure, MITF transcriptional activation is blocked owing to ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MITF on S414, which modifies MITF activity and interactome toward DNA repair, including binding to TRIM28 and RBBP4. Accordingly, MITF genome occupancy is enriched in sites of high DNA damage that are likely repaired. This suggests that ATM harnesses the pigmentation key activator for the necessary rapid, efficient DNA repair, thus optimizing the chances of the cell surviving. Data are available from ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD041121.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Elkoshi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shivang Parikh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov-Brog
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paulee Manich
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francesca Netti
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishai Maliah
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hana Elkoshi
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Majd Haj
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Rippin
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob Frand
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tomer Perluk
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Rivi Haiat-Factor
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Regev-Rudzki
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edo Kiper
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Oncology, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Pinchas Gonen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Dror
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Loss Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hagai Levi
- The Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofir Hameiri
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mazal Cohen-Gulkar
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Eldar-Finkelman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gil Ast
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Nizri
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Ichilov, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Ziv
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rani Elkon
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yuval Ebenstein
- School of Chemistry, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Logesh R, Prasad SR, Chipurupalli S, Robinson N, Mohankumar SK. Natural tyrosinase enzyme inhibitors: A path from melanin to melanoma and its reported pharmacological activities. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188968. [PMID: 37657683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin containing melanin pigment acts as a protective barrier and counteracts the UVR and other environmental stressors to maintain or restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. The production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels. L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) can serve both as a substrates and intermediates of melanin synthetic pathway and as inducers and positive regulators of melanogenesis. The biosynthesis of melanin is stimulated upon exposure to UVR, which can also stimulate local production of hormonal factors, which can stimulate melanoma development by altering the chemical properties of eu- and pheomelanin. The process of melanogenesis can be altered by several pathways. One involves activation of POMC, with the production of POMC peptides including MSH and ACTH, which increase intracellular cAMP levels, which activates the MITF, and helps to stimulate tyrosinase (TYR) expression and activity. Defects in OCA1 to 4 affects melanogenic activity via posttranslational modifications resulting in proteasomal degradation and reducing pigmentation. Further, altering, the MITF factor, helps to regulate the expression of MRGE in melanoma, and helps to increase the TYR glycosylation in ER. CRH stimulates POMC peptides that regulate melanogenesis and also by itself can stimulate melanogenesis. The POMC, P53, ACTH, MSH, MC1R, MITF, and 6-BH4 are found to be important regulators for pigmentation. Melanogenesis can affect melanoma behaviour and inhibit immune responses. Therefore, we reviewed natural products that would alter melanin production. Our special focus was on targeting melanin synthesis and TYR enzyme activity to inhibit melanogenesis as an adjuvant therapy of melanotic melanoma. Furthermore, this review also outlines the current updated pharmacological studies targeting the TYR enzyme from natural sources and its consequential effects on melanin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sagar Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Varadaraja Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Tumkur 572102, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, India
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cellular Stress and Immune Response Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- Pharmacy, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea University, Wales SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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22
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Wang J, Li Y, Feng C, Wang H, Li J, Liu N, Fu Z, Wang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Yin S, He L, Wang Y, Yang X. Peptide OA-VI12 restrains melanogenesis in B16 cells and C57B/6 mouse ear skin via the miR-122-5p/Mitf/Tyr axis. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1687-1699. [PMID: 37794194 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive melanogenesis leads to hyperpigmentation, which is one of the common skin conditions in humans. Existing whitening cosmetics cannot meet market needs due to their inherent limitations. Thus, the development of novel skin-whitening agents continues to be a challenge. The peptide OA-VI12 from the skin of amphibians at high altitude has attracted attention due to its remarkable anti light damage activity. However, whether OA-VI12 has the skin-whitening effect of inhibiting melanogenesis is still. Mouse melanoma cells (B16) were used to study the effect of OA-VI12 on cell viability and melanin content. The pigmentation model of C57B/6 mouse ear skin was induced by UVB and treated with OA-VI12. Melanin staining was used to observe the degree of pigmentation. MicroRNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot were used to detect the change of factor expression. Double luciferase gene report experiment was used to prove the regulatory relationship between miRNA and target genes. OA-VI12 has no effect on the viability of B16 cells in the concentration range of 1-100 μM and significantly inhibits the melanin content of B16 cells. Topical application of OA-VI12, which exerted transdermal potency, prevented UVB-induced pigmentation of ear skin. MicroRNA sequencing and double luciferase reporter analysis results showed that miR-122-5p, which directly regulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), had significantly different expression before and after treatment with OA-VI12. Mitf is a simple helix loop and leucine zipper transcription factor that regulates tyrosinase (Tyr) expression by binding to the M-box promoter element of Tyr. qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot showed that OA-VI12 up-regulated the expression of miR-122-5p and inhibited the expression of Mitf and Tyr. The effects of OA-VI12 on melanogenesis inhibition in vitro and in vivo may involve the miR-122-5p/Mitf/tyr axis. OA-VI12 represents the first report on a natural amphibian-derived peptide with skin-whitening capacity and the first report of miR-122-5p as a target for regulating melanogenesis, thereby demonstrating its potential as a novel skin-whitening agent and highlighting amphibian-derived peptides as an underdeveloped resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengan Feng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Naixin Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhe Fu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Saige Yin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicine Resource, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Ghazi M, Khanna S, Subramaniam Y, Rengaraju J, Sultan F, Gupta I, Sharma K, Chandna S, Gokhale RS, Natarajan V. Sustained pigmentation causes DNA damage and invokes translesion polymerase Polκ for repair in melanocytes. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10451-10466. [PMID: 37697436 PMCID: PMC10602914 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin protects skin cells from ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. However, intermediates of eumelanin are highly reactive quinones that are potentially genotoxic. In this study, we systematically investigate the effect of sustained elevation of melanogenesis and map the consequent cellular repair response of melanocytes. Pigmentation increases γH2AX foci, DNA abasic sites, causes replication stress and invokes translesion polymerase Polκ in primary human melanocytes, as well as mouse melanoma cells. Confirming the causal link, CRISPR-based genetic ablation of tyrosinase results in depigmented cells with low Polκ levels. During pigmentation, Polκ activates replication stress response and keeps a check on uncontrolled proliferation of cells harboring melanin-damaged DNA. The mutational landscape observed in human melanoma could in part explain the error-prone bypass of DNA lesions by Polκ, whose absence would lead to genome instability. Thereby, translesion polymerase Polκ is a critical response of pigmenting melanocytes to combat melanin-induced DNA alterations. Our study illuminates the dark side of melanin and identifies (eu)melanogenesis as a key missing link between tanning response and mutagenesis, mediated via the necessary evil translesion polymerase, Polκ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Ghazi
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Khanna
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Yogaspoorthi Subramaniam
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Jeyashri Rengaraju
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Farina Sultan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Iti Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Rajesh S Gokhale
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vivek T Natarajan
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
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24
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Bouchard KV, Costin GE. Promoting New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for research on skin color changes in response to environmental stress factors: tobacco and air pollution. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1256399. [PMID: 37886123 PMCID: PMC10598764 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1256399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the most dynamic biological processes in the human body and is known to carry significant impacts on individuals' self-esteem. Skin pigmentation is a highly heritable trait made possible by complex, strictly controlled cellular and molecular mechanisms. Genetic, environmental and endocrine factors contribute to the modulation of melanin's amount, type and distribution in the skin layers. One of the hallmarks of extrinsic skin aging induced by environmental stress factors is the alteration of the constitutive pigmentation pattern clinically defined as senile lentigines and/or melasma or other pigmentary dyschromias. The complexity of pollutants and tobacco smoke as environmental stress factors warrants a thorough understanding of the mechanisms by which they impact skin pigmentation through repeated and long-term exposure. Pre-clinical and clinical studies demonstrated that pollutants are known to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or inflammatory events that lead directly or indirectly to skin hyperpigmentation. Another mechanistic direction is provided by Aryl hydrocarbon Receptors (AhR) which were shown to mediate processes leading to skin hyperpigmentation in response to pollutants by regulation of melanogenic enzymes and transcription factors involved in melanin biosynthesis pathway. In this context, we will discuss a diverse range of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) capable to provide mechanistic insights of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the action of environmental stress factors on skin pigmentation and to support the design of raw ingredients and formulations intended to counter their impact and of any subsequently needed clinical studies.
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25
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Yusupova M, Zhou D, You J, Gonzalez-Guzman J, Ghanta MB, Pu H, Abdel-Malek Z, Chen Q, Gross SS, D'Orazio J, Ito S, Wakamatsu K, Harris ML, Zippin JH. Distinct cAMP Signaling Microdomains Differentially Regulate Melanosomal pH and Pigmentation. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2019-2029.e3. [PMID: 37142186 PMCID: PMC10524761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
cAMP signaling is a well-established regulator of melanin synthesis. Two distinct cAMP signaling pathways-the transmembrane adenylyl cyclase pathway, activated primarily by the MC1R, and the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) pathway-affect melanin synthesis. The sAC pathway affects melanin synthesis by regulating melanosomal pH, and the MC1R pathway affects melanin synthesis by regulating gene expression and post-translational modifications. However, whether MC1R genotype affects melanosomal pH is poorly understood. We now report that loss of function MC1R does not affect melanosomal pH. Thus, sAC signaling appears to be the only cAMP signaling pathway that regulates melanosomal pH. We also addressed whether MC1R genotype affects sAC-dependent regulation of melanin synthesis. Although sAC loss of function in wild-type human melanocytes stimulates melanin synthesis, sAC loss of function has no effect on melanin synthesis in MC1R nonfunctional human and mouse melanocytes or skin and hair melanin in e/e mice. Interestingly, activation of transmembrane adenylyl cyclases, which increases epidermal eumelanin synthesis in e/e mice, leads to enhanced production of eumelanin in sAC-knockout mice relative to that in sAC wild-type mice. Thus, MC1R- and sAC-dependent cAMP signaling pathways define distinct mechanisms that regulate melanosomal pH and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maftuna Yusupova
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeydi Gonzalez-Guzman
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Megha B Ghanta
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hong Pu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zalfa Abdel-Malek
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - John D'Orazio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Melissa L Harris
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA; Englander Institute of Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
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26
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Huang Y, Zhu L, Cheng S, Dai R, Huang C, Song Y, Peng B, Li X, Wen J, Gong Y, Hu Y, Qian L, Zhu L, Zhang F, Yu L, Yi C, Gu W, Ling Z, Ma L, Tang W, Peng L, Shi G, Zhang Y, Sun B. Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes α-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary-lung axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5601. [PMID: 37699899 PMCID: PMC10497598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in human diseases have been described. Whether type 2 lung inflammation is directly affected by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is not fully understood. Here, we show a possible negative correlation between solar UVB radiation and asthmatic inflammation in humans and mice. UVB exposure to the eyes induces hypothalamus-pituitary activation and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) accumulation in the serum to suppress allergic airway inflammation by targeting group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) through the MC5R receptor in mice. The α-MSH/MC5R interaction limits ILC2 function through attenuation of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling. Consistently, we observe that the plasma α-MSH concentration is negatively correlated with the number and function of ILC2s in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with asthma. We provide insights into how solar UVB radiation-driven neuroendocrine α-MSH restricts ILC2-mediated lung inflammation and offer a possible strategy for controlling allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuezhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunqian Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyun Zhu
- Shanghai Putuo District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengying Zhang
- Shanghai Putuo District People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Med-X Institute, Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an JiaoTong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Cohen L, Brodsky MA, Zubair R, Kohli I, Hamzavi IH, Sadeghpour M. Cutaneous interaction with visible light: What do we know? J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 89:560-568. [PMID: 32289393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Visible light has been used therapeutically in dermatology for years for a variety of cosmetic and medical indications, including skin rejuvenation and the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic conditions, among others. Until recently, visible light was thought to be relatively inert compared to its spectral neighbors, ultraviolet and infrared radiation. However, recent literature has described the ability of visible light to cause erythema in light skin and pigmentary changes in individuals with darker skin types. Concern surrounding its potentially damaging cutaneous effects has been raised in both the medical community and social media outlets. In this article, we provide an evidenced-based review describing what is currently known about visible light, focusing on its role in dermatologic diseases including disorders of hyperpigmentation such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Raheel Zubair
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Indermeet Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
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28
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Pihl C, Bendtsen KMS, Jensen HE, Andersen F, Bjerring P, Haedersdal M, Lerche CM. Oral phytochemicals as photoprotectants in UVR exposed hairless mice: A study of hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 246:112760. [PMID: 37535996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation is the primary risk factor for keratinocyte carcinoma. Because of increasing incidence rates, new methods of photoprotection must be explored. Oral supplementation with photoprotective compounds presents a promising alternative. Phytochemical compounds like hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, and syringic acid are particularly of interest because of their antioxidant properties. Our primary outcome was to evaluate the effects of oral phytochemicals on photocarcinogenesis with time until tumour onset as the primary endpoint. A total of 125 hairless C3.Cg-Hrhr/TifBom Tac mice were randomised to receive tap water supplemented with either 100 mg/kg hesperidin methyl chalcone, phloroglucinol, or syringic acid, 600 mg/kg nicotinamide as a positive control, or no supplementation. The mice were irradiated with 3.5 standard erythema doses thrice weekly to induce photocarcinogenesis. Supplementation with the phytochemicals phloroglucinol and syringic acid and nicotinamide delayed tumour onset from a median of 140 days to 151 (p = 0.036), 157 days (p = 0.02), and 178 (p = 2.7·10-5), respectively. Phloroglucinol and nicotinamide supplementation reduced tumour number. Nicotinamide increased UV-induced pigmentation and reduced oedema formation, while phloroglucinol supplementation reduced epidermal thickness. These results indicate that oral supplementation with phloroglucinol and syringic acid protects against photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice, but not to the same extent as nicotinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katja M S Bendtsen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Henrik E Jensen
- Dept of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Copenhagen University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Dept of Dermatology, Private Hospital Molholm, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Dept of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Dept of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dept of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Seo B, Yang S, Cho E, Qureshi AA, Han J. Association of sun-seeking behaviors with indoor tanning habit in US females. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2899336. [PMID: 37293104 PMCID: PMC10246252 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2899336/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Frequent exposure to ultraviolet light in early life has more detrimental and long-term effects on skin than in adulthood. Teenagers with strong sun-seeking behaviors may be more likely to use an indoor tanning bed than those who seek less sun, probably due to addictiveness of ultraviolet exposure. We aimed to examine associations between sun exposure behaviors and average annual indoor tanning usage frequency during high school/college in US females. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used data from The Nurses' Health Study II, a large prospective cohort of US female nurses. We included a total of 81,746 white females who answered the average annual frequency of indoor tanning during high school/college. Our study exposures were average weekly time spent outdoors in a swimsuit and average percentage of time of wearing sunscreen at the pool or beach during their teenage years, average weekly hours spent outdoors in direct sunlight in daytime during high school/college, and the number of severe sunburns which blistered between ages 15-20. Main outcomes was average annual frequency of indoor tanning bed usage during high school/college. Results In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, we demonstrated positive associations between the sun exposure behaviors and the indoor tanning habit. Specifically, teenagers who spent daily outdoors in a swimsuit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI] for daily vs. <1/week: 2.68, 1.76-4.09) or who had ≥ 10 sunburns that blistered (aOR, 95% CI for ≥ 10 vs. never: 2.18, 1.53-3.10) were more likely to use indoor tanning beds ≥ 12 times/year. Also, teenagers/undergraduates who spent ≥ 5hours/week outdoors in direct sunlight during daytime used indoor tanning ≥ 12 times/year (aOR, 95% CI: 2.18, 1.39-3.44) than those who spent < 1/week. However, there was not a significant association between average uses of sunscreen at the pool/beach and indoor tanning bed. Multivariable-adjusted linear regression models also showed similar results. Conclusions Teenagers who spent more time outdoors or got more sunburns tended to use indoor tanning more frequently. These findings provide evidence that teenagers with strong sun-seeking behaviors may have excessive exposure to artificial ultraviolet radiation as well.
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Wang P, Liu D, Cui J, Yan S, Liang Y, Chen Q, Liu Y, Ren S, Chen P. 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3 attenuates the damage of human immortalized keratinocytes caused by Ultraviolet-B. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:74-81. [PMID: 37130063 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2208676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is an important factor in causing skin damage. The study is to explore whether 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) will attenuate the damage of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells caused by UVB and relevant underlying mechanisms. METHODS CCK-8 was employed to determine the UVB irradiation intensity and 1,25(OH)2D3 concentration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NF-κB, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Bcl2, FADD, CytC, Beclin-1; Flowcytometry was applied to measure the production of ROS. RESULTS The concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 used in the study was 100nM and the UVB irradiation intensity was 20 mJ/cm2. Compared with the HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB, the HaCaT cells were pretreated with 1,25(OH)2D3 had lower production of ROS, lower expression of NF-κB, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, FADD, CytC and Beclin-1(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION 1,25(OH)2D3 could inhibit the development of oxidative stress and apoptosis in HaCaTs triggered by UVB. This inhibition might be achieved through suppression of mitochondria-modulated apoptosis and autophagy. Vitamin D may be a potential UVB protective component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongge Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajing Cui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuqi Yan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yujun Liang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuping Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Over the past decade, melanoma has led the field in new cancer treatments, with impressive gains in on-treatment survival but more modest improvements in overall survival. Melanoma presents heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity that recapitulates distinct melanocyte developmental states and phenotypes, allowing it to adapt to and eventually escape even the most advanced treatments. Despite remarkable advances in our understanding of melanoma biology and genetics, the melanoma cell of origin is still fiercely debated because both melanocyte stem cells and mature melanocytes can be transformed. Animal models and high-throughput single-cell sequencing approaches have opened new opportunities to address this question. Here, we discuss the melanocytic journey from the neural crest, where they emerge as melanoblasts, to the fully mature pigmented melanocytes resident in several tissues. We describe a new understanding of melanocyte biology and the different melanocyte subpopulations and microenvironments they inhabit, and how this provides unique insights into melanoma initiation and progression. We highlight recent findings on melanoma heterogeneity and transcriptional plasticity and their implications for exciting new research areas and treatment opportunities. The lessons from melanocyte biology reveal how cells that are present to protect us from the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation reach back to their origins to become a potentially deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Centeno
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Valeria Pavet
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
- Oncodrug Ltd, Alderly Park, Macclesfield, UK.
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Shahid NH, Rashid H, Kumar S, Archoo S, Umar SA, Nazir LA, Parvinder SP, Tasduq SA. Inhibition of melanogenesis by 3-(1'-methyltetrahydropyridinyl)-2,4-6-trihydroxy acetophenone via suppressing the activity of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear exclusion of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1). Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175734. [PMID: 37080332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Ultraviolet radiation or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulates the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/Protein Kinase A signalling pathway, which leads to the synthesis and deposition of melanin granules in the epidermis. Skin pigmentation is the major physiological defence against inimical effects of sunlight. However, excessive melanin production and accumulation can cause various skin hyperpigmentation disorders. The present study involved the identification of 3-(1'-methyltetrahydropyridinyl)-2,4-6-trihydroxy acetophenone (IIIM-8) as an inhibitor of melanogenesis, IIIM-8 significantly inhibited pigment production both invitro and invivowithout incurring any cytotoxicity in Human Adult Epidermal Melanocytes (HAEM). IIIM-8 repressed melanin synthesis and secretion both at basal levels and in α-MSH stimulated cultured HAEM cells by decreasing the levels of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein, coupled with restoring the phosphorylation of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) and its nuclear exclusion in HAEM cells. This impeding effect correlates with diminished expression of master melanogenic proteins including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), Tyrosinase (TYR), Tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1), and Tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2). Additionally, topical application of IIIM-8 induced tail depigmentation in C57BL/6 J mice. Furthermore, IIIM-8 efficiently mitigated the effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on melanin synthesis in the auricles of C57BL/6 J mice. This study demonstrates that IIIM-8 is an active anti-melanogenic agent against ultraviolet radiation-induced melanogenesis and other hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naikoo H Shahid
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Haroon Rashid
- Sher-e-KashmirInstitute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Umar
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Lone A Nazir
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Singh P Parvinder
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sheikh A Tasduq
- Pharmacology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ma LP, Liu MM, Liu F, Sun B, Wang SN, Chen J, Yu HJ, Yan J, Tian M, Gao L, Liu QJ. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated melanin pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in human primary melanocytes and the skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:581-593. [PMID: 37032347 PMCID: PMC10163137 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02301-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin effectively regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, and the mechanism of melanin synthesis effected by melatonin. Primary melanocytes were extracted and identified from the male foreskin. To inhibit TYR expression, primary melanocytes were transduced with the lentivirus pLKD-CMV-EGFP-2A-Puro-U6-TYR. The wild-type TYR(+/+) and TYR(-/-) or TYR(+/-) knockout C57BL/6 J mice were used to determine the role of TYR on melanin synthesis in vivo. Results showed that UVB-induced melanin synthesis is dependent on TYR in primary melanocytes and mice. Furthermore, in primary melanocytes pretreated with Nutlin-3 or PFT-α to up or downregulate p53, results showed that premature senescence and melanin synthesis increased in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation at 80 mJ/cm2, and further increased after being treated with Nutlin-3, while significantly decreased with PFT-α. In addition, melatonin inhibited UVB-induced premature senescence associated with inactivation of p53 and phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 (ser-15), a decrease of melanin synthesis accompanied by reduced TYR expression. Moreover, skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB were reduced in the dorsal and ear skin of mice topically pretreated with 2.5% melatonin. These indicate that melatonin inhibits UVB-induced senescence-associated pigmentation via the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes and prevents pigmentation obviously in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6 J mice after UVB irradiation. KEY MESSAGES: P53 links UVB irradiation-induced senescence and senescence-associated pigmentation and regulates TYR in primary melanocytes after UVB irradiation. Melatonin inhibits senescence-associated pigmentation through the p53-TYR pathway in primary melanocytes. Melatonin prevents skin erythema and melanin pigmentation induced by UVB irradiation in the dorsal and ear skin of C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Ma
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Meng Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Sun
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Nian Wang
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Jie Yu
- PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 100088, Beijing, China.
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Cho J, Jung H, Kang DY, Sp N, Shin W, Lee J, Park BG, Kang YA, Jang KJ, Bae SW. The Skin-Whitening and Antioxidant Effects of Protocatechuic Acid (PCA) Derivatives in Melanoma and Fibroblast Cell Lines. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2157-2169. [PMID: 36975508 PMCID: PMC10047566 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the most voluminous organ of the human body and is exposed to the outer environment. Such exposed skin suffers from the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors. Skin aging is characterized by features such as wrinkling, loss of elasticity, and skin pigmentation. Skin pigmentation occurs in skin aging and is caused by hyper-melanogenesis and oxidative stress. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural secondary metabolite from a plant-based source widely used as a cosmetic ingredient. We chemically designed and synthesized PCA derivatives conjugated with alkyl esters to develop effective chemicals that have skin-whitening and antioxidant effects and enhance the pharmacological activities of PCA. We identified that melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells treated with alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is decreased by PCA derivatives. We also found that PCA derivatives effectively have antioxidant effects in HS68 fibroblast cells. In this study, we suggest that our PCA derivatives are potent ingredients for developing cosmetics with skin-whitening and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Cho
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonbi Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wooshik Shin
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhak Lee
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gyu Park
- R&D Center, ACTIVON Co., Ltd., Cheongju 28104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon A Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
| | - Se Won Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-J.J.); (S.W.B.)
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35
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Lin ZC, Hsu CY, Hwang E, Wang PW, Fang JY. The role of cytokines/chemokines in an aging skin immune microenvironment. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 210:111761. [PMID: 36496171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reversing or slowing down the skin aging process is one of the most intriguing areas of focus across the social and scientific communities around the world. While aging is considered a universal and inevitable natural process of physiological decline, the aging of the skin is the most apparent visual representation of an individual's health. Aging skin may be objectively defined by epidermal thinning; increased transepidermal water loss; decreased cutaneous barrier function; loss of elasticity, laxity, and textured appearance; and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune environment. As the largest structure of the immune system and of the body as a whole, the skin is the most vulnerable barrier of defense against the environment. The skin reflects an individual's exposures, lifestyle habits, and overall health. From an immunological perspective, cytokines and chemokines act as a central character in the communicating of the immunity in skin aging. These cell signaling proteins serve as the intercellular communication link. This review aims to elucidate how cell-cell crosstalk through cytokines and chemokines, and the interplay between host cells, infiltrating immune cells, and exogenous factors contribute to the overall aging skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Chan Lin
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Erica Hwang
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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36
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Gao R, Zhang X, Zou K, Meng D, Lv J. Cryptochrome 1 activation inhibits melanogenesis and melanosome transport through negative regulation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1081030. [PMID: 36814484 PMCID: PMC9939694 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous pigmentation was recently shown to be an event regulated by clock proteins. Cryptochrome (CRY) is a key protein composing the feedback loop of circadian clock, however, the function of CRY in melanocytes remains unclear. Here, we found that KL001, a synthetic small molecule modulator of CRY1, inhibited melanin synthesis, as well as reduced melanocyte dendrite elongation and melanosome transport. In addition, the dominant role of CRY1 in KL001-induced anti-melanogenesis was revealed by small interfering RNA transfection. Cellular tyrosinase activity and expression level of melanogenic proteins, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and transport proteins like Rab27a, Cdc42 and Myosin Va induced by α-MSH were remarkably reversed after KL001 treatment. Mechanistically, CRY1 activation inhibited melanogenesis through CREB-dependent downregulation of MITF and CREB phosphorylation was mediated by classical cAMP/PKA pathway. In addition, the other CRY1 activator, KL044 also suppressed cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and inhibited melanogenesis. Finally, anti-melanogenic efficacy of KL001 was confirmed by determination of melanin contents in UVB-tanning model of brown guinea pigs, which indicated that targeting CRY1 activity, via topical application of small molecule activator, can be utilized therapeutically to manage human pigmentary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Dermatology, The first people’s Hospital of Changzhou, The third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Duo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Dermatology, The first people’s Hospital of Changzhou, The third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China,School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinpeng Lv,
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Zhong C, Liang G, Li P, Shi K, Li F, Zhou J, Xu D. Inflammatory response: The target for treating hyperpigmentation during the repair of a burn wound. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1009137. [PMID: 36817442 PMCID: PMC9929571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1009137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation is a common complication in patients with burn injuries during wound healing; however, the mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development remain unclear. Recently, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) was found to result from overproduction of melanin. Local or systemic inflammatory responses are often observed in patients who develop hyperpigmentation. However, we lack studies on the relationship between PIH and burn injury. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the existing literature on the melanogenesis of the skin, inflammatory mechanisms in pigmentation, and local or systemic alteration in inflammatory cytokines in patients suffering from burn trauma to elucidate the relationship between PIH and burn injury. We believe that this review will guide further research on regulating melanin production in the burn management process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Geao Liang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiting Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hermann AL, Fell GL, Kemény LV, Fung CY, Held KD, Biggs PJ, Rivera PD, Bilbo SD, Igras V, Willers H, Kung J, Gheorghiu L, Hideghéty K, Mao J, Woolf CJ, Fisher DE. β-Endorphin mediates radiation therapy fatigue. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6025. [PMID: 36525492 PMCID: PMC9757747 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common adverse effect of external beam radiation therapy in cancer patients. Mechanisms causing radiation fatigue remain unclear, although linkage to skin irradiation has been suggested. β-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid, is synthesized in skin following genotoxic ultraviolet irradiation and acts systemically, producing addiction. Exogenous opiates with the same receptor activity as β-endorphin can cause fatigue. Using rodent models of radiation therapy, exposing tails and sparing vital organs, we tested whether skin-derived β-endorphin contributes to radiation-induced fatigue. Over a 6-week radiation regimen, plasma β-endorphin increased in rats, paralleled by opiate phenotypes (elevated pain thresholds, Straub tail) and fatigue-like behavior, which was reversed in animals treated by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Mechanistically, all these phenotypes were blocked by opiate antagonist treatment and were undetected in either β-endorphin knockout mice or mice lacking keratinocyte p53 expression. These findings implicate skin-derived β-endorphin in systemic effects of radiation therapy. Opioid antagonism may warrant testing in humans as treatment or prevention of radiation-induced fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Hermann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Oncotherapy, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gillian L. Fell
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Claire Y. Fung
- Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kathryn D. Held
- Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Ave, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Peter J. Biggs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Phillip D. Rivera
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02421, USA
- Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Staci D. Bilbo
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02421, USA
| | - Vivien Igras
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Henning Willers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jong Kung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Liliana Gheorghiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- Department of Oncotherapy, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- ELI-ALPS Non Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jianren Mao
- MGH Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David E. Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Melanogenesis and the Targeted Therapy of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121874. [PMID: 36551302 PMCID: PMC9775438 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism of melanogenesis is crucial to identify new preventive and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of melanoma. Here, we reviewed the current available literatures on the mechanisms of melanogenesis, including the signaling pathways of UVR-induced pigment production, MC1R's central determinant roles and MITF as a master transcriptional regulator in melanogenesis. Moreover, we further highlighted the role of targeting BRAF, NRAS and MC1R in melanoma prevention and treatment. The combination therapeutics of immunotherapy and targeted kinase inhibitors are becoming the newest therapeutic option in advanced melanoma.
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Kumar KJS, Vani MG, Wang SY. Limonene protects human skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging by activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2897-2909. [PMID: 36063024 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the primary factors of premature skin aging and is referred to as photoaging. Also, mammalian skin exposed to UVB triggers an increase in production of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentary skin diseases. This study investigated the protective effect of limonene on UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging in immortalized human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro. Initially, we determined cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Pretreatment with limonene increased cell viability followed by inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Interestingly, the antioxidative activity of limonene was directly correlated with an increase in expression of endogenous antioxidants, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), which was associated with enhanced nuclear translocation and activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Indeed, Nrf2 knockdown reduced limonene's protective effects. Additionally, we observed that limonene treatment inhibited UVB-induced α-MSH secretion followed by inhibition of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) via suppression of p53 transcriptional activation. Moreover, limonene prevented UVB-mediated depletion of tight junction regulatory proteins, including occludin and zonula occludens-1. On the other hand, limonene treatment significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Based on these results, limonene may have a dermato-protective effect in skin cells by activating the Nrf2-dependent cellular antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Senthil Kumar
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M Gokila Vani
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fu TT, Sun YB, Gao W, Long CB, Yang CH, Yang XW, Zhang Y, Lan XQ, Huang S, Jin JQ, Murphy RW, Zhang Y, Lai R, Hillis DM, Zhang YP, Che J. The highest-elevation frog provides insights into mechanisms and evolution of defenses against high UV radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212406119. [PMID: 36346846 PMCID: PMC9674958 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212406119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense against ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is essential for survival, especially in high-elevation species. Although some specific genes involved in UV response have been reported, the full view of UV defense mechanisms remains largely unexplored. Herein, we used integrated approaches to analyze UV responses in the highest-elevation frog, Nanorana parkeri. We show less damage and more efficient antioxidant activity in skin of this frog than those of its lower-elevation relatives after UV exposure. We also reveal genes related to UV defense and a corresponding temporal expression pattern in N. parkeri. Genomic and metabolomic analysis along with large-scale transcriptomic profiling revealed a time-dependent coordinated defense mechanism in N. parkeri. We also identified several microRNAs that play important regulatory roles, especially in decreasing the expression levels of cell cycle genes. Moreover, multiple defense genes (i.e., TYR for melanogenesis) exhibit positive selection with function-enhancing substitutions. Thus, both expression shifts and gene mutations contribute to UV adaptation in N. parkeri. Our work demonstrates a genetic framework for evolution of UV defense in a natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.
| | - Yan-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Long
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Chun-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xin-Wang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Lan
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Robert W. Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - David M. Hillis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Security of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
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Lim HG, Kerns ML, Brown ID, Kang S, Chien AL. Skin type specific photobiological response to visible light is mediated by constitutional melanin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle L. Kerns
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Isabelle D. Brown
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Sewon Kang
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Anna L. Chien
- Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
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Fessé P, Nyman J, Hermansson I, Book ML, Ahlgren J, Turesson I. Human cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes differentiate temporarily under genotoxic stress. iScience 2022; 25:105238. [PMID: 36274944 PMCID: PMC9579029 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-damage response of cutaneous interfollicular melanocytes to fractionated radiotherapy was investigated by immunostaining of tissue sections from punch biopsies collected before, during, and after the treatment of patients for breast cancer. Our clinical assay with sterilized hair follicles, excluded the migration of immature melanocytes from the bulge, and highlighted interfollicular melanocytes as an autonomous self-renewing population. About thirty percent are immature. Surrounding keratinocytes induced and maintained melanocyte differentiation as long as treatment was ongoing. Concomitant with differentiation, melanocytes were protected from apoptosis by transient upregulation of Bcl-2 and CXCR2. CXCR2 upregulation also indicated the instigation of premature senescence, preventing proliferation. The stem cell factor BMI1 was constitutively expressed exclusively in interfollicular melanocytes and further upregulated upon irradiation. BMI1 prevents apoptosis, terminal differentiation, and premature senescence, allowing dedifferentiation post-treatment, by suppressing the p53/p21-and p16-mediated response and upregulating CXCR2 to genotoxic damage. The pre-treatment immature subset of interfollicular melanocytes was restored after the exposure ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Fessé
- Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Nyman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Hermansson
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maj-Lis Book
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ahlgren
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro Sweden
| | - Ingela Turesson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Experimental and Clinical Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Manning D, Dart C, Evans RL. Store-operated calcium channels in skin. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1033528. [PMID: 36277201 PMCID: PMC9581152 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1033528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a complex organ that acts as a protective layer against the external environment. It protects the internal tissues from harmful agents, dehydration, ultraviolet radiation and physical injury as well as conferring thermoregulatory control, sensation, immunological surveillance and various biochemical functions. The diverse cell types that make up the skin include 1) keratinocytes, which form the bulk of the protective outer layer; 2) melanocytes, which protect the body from ultraviolet radiation by secreting the pigment melanin; and 3) cells that form the secretory appendages: eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the sebaceous gland. Emerging evidence suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), whereby depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores triggers Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane, is central to the normal physiology of these cells and thus skin function. Numerous skin pathologies including dermatitis, anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, hyperhidrosis, hair loss and cancer are now linked to dysfunction in SOCE proteins. Principal amongst these are the stromal interaction molecules (STIMs) that sense Ca2+ depletion and Orai channels that mediate Ca2+ influx. In this review, the roles of STIM, Orai and other store-operated channels are discussed in the context of keratinocyte differentiation, melanogenesis, and eccrine sweat secretion. We explore not only STIM1-Orai1 as drivers of SOCE, but also independent actions of STIM, and emerging signal cascades stemming from their activities. Roles are discussed for the elusive transient receptor potential canonical channel (TRPC) complex in keratinocytes, Orai channels in Ca2+-cyclic AMP signal crosstalk in melanocytes, and Orai isoforms in eccrine sweat gland secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Manning
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Evans
- Unilever Research and Development, Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, Wirral, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Richard L Evans,
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Wilkinson EL, Ashton L, Kerns JG, Allinson SL, Mort RL. Fingerprinting of skin cells by live cell Raman spectroscopy reveals melanoma cell heterogeneity and cell-type-specific responses to UVR. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1543-1553. [PMID: 35700136 PMCID: PMC9796253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is an emerging dermatological technique with the potential to discriminate biochemically between cell types in a label-free and non-invasive manner. Here, we use live single-cell Raman spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) to fingerprint mouse melanoblasts, melanocytes, keratinocytes and melanoma cells. We show the differences in their spectra are attributable to biomarkers in the melanin biosynthesis pathway and that melanoma cells are a heterogeneous population that sit on a trajectory between undifferentiated melanoblasts and differentiated melanocytes. We demonstrate the utility of Raman spectroscopy as a highly sensitive tool to probe the melanin biosynthesis pathway and its immediate response to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation revealing previously undescribed opposing responses to UVA and UVB irradiation in melanocytes. Finally, we identify melanocyte-specific accumulation of β-carotene correlated with a stabilisation of the UVR response in lipids and proteins consistent with a β-carotene-mediated photoprotective mechanism. In summary, our data show that Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the differentiation status of cells of the melanocyte lineage and describe the immediate and temporal biochemical changes associated with UV exposure which differ depending on cell type, differentiation status and competence to synthesise melanin. Our work uniquely applies Raman spectroscopy to discriminate between cell types by biological function and differentiation status while they are growing in culture. In doing so, we demonstrate for the first time its utility as a tool with which to probe the melanin biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Wilkinson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Lorna Ashton
- Department of ChemistryLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Jemma G. Kerns
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Sarah L. Allinson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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Skin-Aging Pigmentation: Who Is the Real Enemy? Cells 2022; 11:cells11162541. [PMID: 36010618 PMCID: PMC9406699 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is induced and sustained by chronological aging and photoaging. Aging skin pigmentation such as mottled pigmentation (senile lentigo) and melasma are typical signs of photoaging. The skin, like other human organs, undergoes cellular senescence, and senescent cells in the skin increase with age. The crosstalk between melanocytes as pigmentary cells and other adjacent types of aged skin cells such as senescent fibroblasts play a role in skin-aging pigmentation. In this review, we provide an overview of cellular senescence during the skin-aging process. The discussion also includes cellular senescence related to skin-aging pigmentation and the therapeutic potential of regulating the senescence process.
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47
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Yang J, Zeng J, Lu J. Mechanisms of ultraviolet-induced melasma formation: A review. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1201-1210. [PMID: 35946331 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melasma, a pigmentation disorder, commonly occurs in exposed skin areas and can be attributed to several factors. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary factor that induces and aggravates melasma. Considering gene expression, exposed skin areas experience abnormal gene expression, involving melanin metabolism, oxidative stress, impaired skin barrier function, and abnormal composition of nerve factors. From a histological perspective, UVR can cause basement membrane collapse, melanocyte sinking, and disorders of skin lipid metabolism. Emerging therapies have focused on these pathological alterations in melasma, including platelet-rich plasma, mesotherapy, and phytochemicals. Understanding the role of UVR in the development of melasma can facilitate early prevention and highlight the future direction of melasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Abrisqueta M, Cerdido S, Sánchez-Beltrán J, Martínez-Vicente I, Herraiz C, Lambertos A, Olivares C, Sevilla A, Alonso S, Boyano MD, García-Borrón JC, Jiménez-Cervantes C. MGRN1 as a Phenotypic Determinant of Human Melanoma Cells and a Potential Biomarker. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081118. [PMID: 35892921 PMCID: PMC9331370 DOI: 10.3390/life12081118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 (MGRN1), a ubiquitin ligase expressed in melanocytes, interacts with the α melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor, a well-known melanoma susceptibility gene. Previous studies showed that MGRN1 modulates the phenotype of mouse melanocytes and melanoma cells, with effects on pigmentation, shape, and motility. Moreover, MGRN1 knockdown augmented the burden of DNA breaks in mouse cells, indicating that loss of MGRN1 promoted genomic instability. However, data concerning the roles of MGRN1 in human melanoma cells remain scarce. We analyzed MGRN1 knockdown in human melanoma cells. Transient MGRN1 depletion with siRNA or permanent knockdown in human melanoma cells by CRISPR/Cas9 caused an apparently MITF-independent switch to a more dendritic phenotype. Lack of MGRN1 also increased the fraction of human cells in the S phase of the cell cycle and the burden of DNA breaks but did not significantly impair proliferation. Moreover, in silico analysis of publicly available melanoma datasets and estimation of MGRN1 in a cohort of clinical specimens provided preliminary evidence that MGRN1 expression is higher in human melanomas than in normal skin or nevi and pointed to an inverse correlation of MGRN1 expression in human melanoma with patient survival, thus suggesting potential use of MGRN1 as a melanoma biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Abrisqueta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Cerdido
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Beltrán
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Idoya Martínez-Vicente
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Conchi Olivares
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Arrate Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.S.); (M.D.B.)
| | - Santos Alonso
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
| | - María Dolores Boyano
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain; (A.S.); (M.D.B.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - José Carlos García-Borrón
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Celia Jiménez-Cervantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, LAIB Building, Room 1.53, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (M.A.); (S.C.); (J.S.-B.); (I.M.-V.); (C.H.); (A.L.); (C.O.); (J.C.G.-B.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Fernandes S, Vyas C, Lim P, Pereira RF, Virós A, Bártolo P. 3D Bioprinting: An Enabling Technology to Understand Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143535. [PMID: 35884596 PMCID: PMC9318274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a potentially fatal cancer with rising incidence over the last 50 years, associated with enhanced sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation. Its incidence is highest in people of European descent and the ageing population. There are multiple clinical and epidemiological variables affecting melanoma incidence and mortality, such as sex, ethnicity, UV exposure, anatomic site, and age. Although survival has improved in recent years due to advances in targeted and immunotherapies, new understanding of melanoma biology and disease progression is vital to improving clinical outcomes. Efforts to develop three-dimensional human skin equivalent models using biofabrication techniques, such as bioprinting, promise to deliver a better understanding of the complexity of melanoma and associated risk factors. These 3D skin models can be used as a platform for patient specific models and testing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Peggy Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
| | - Rúben F. Pereira
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Amaya Virós
- Skin Cancer and Ageing Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.F.); (C.V.); (P.L.)
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Correspondence: or
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Abstract
The skin forms a crucial, dynamic barrier between an animal and the external world. In mammals, three stem cell populations possess robust regenerative potential to maintain and repair the body's protective surface: epidermal stem cells, which maintain the stratified epidermis; hair follicle stem cells, which power the cyclic growth of the hair follicle; and melanocyte stem cells, which regenerate pigment-producing melanocytes to color the skin and hair. These stem cells reside in complex microenvironments ("niches") comprising diverse cellular repertoires that enable stem cells to rejuvenate tissues during homeostasis and regenerate them upon injury. Beyond their niches, skin stem cells can also sense and respond to fluctuations in organismal health or changes outside the body. Here, we review these diverse cellular interactions and highlight how far-reaching signals can be transmitted at the local level to enable skin stem cells to tailor their actions to suit the particular occasion and optimize fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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