1
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Mehta D, Sanhueza CA. Interglycosidic C5-C6 rotamer distributions of alkyl O-rutinosides. Carbohydr Res 2024; 544:109251. [PMID: 39208606 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The conformational study of carbohydrates is critical to understand the molecular recognition mechanisms underlying their biological functions. Moreover, the systematic study of their conformational patterns can unlock useful tools to design optimized glycomimetics and drug candidates. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we studied the interglycosidic rotamer equilibria of ester-protected and deprotected alkyl O-rutinosides (α-L-Rha(1,6)β-D-GlcOR). In the protected series, the equilibrium about the C5-C6 bond distributes among the three possible rotamers gg, gt, and tg, being gt the predominant conformer. In these series, the flexibility about C5-C6 shows a marked dependency on the aglycone's structure, where the increase on the aglycone's volume leads to a progressive increment on the tg contributions at the expense of gt, with gg remaining practically constant along the series. The removal of the protective groups results in rutinosides displaying an equilibrium equally distributed between gg and gt with no tg contributions regardless of the aglycone's structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Carlos A Sanhueza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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2
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Hsu TH, Chang YC, Lee YY, Chen CL, Hsiao M, Lin FR, Chen LH, Lin CH, Angata T, Liu FT, Lin KI. B4GALT1-dependent galectin-8 binding with TGF-β receptor suppresses colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:654. [PMID: 39231945 PMCID: PMC11375092 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-07028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling is critical for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. Disruption of Smad-depednent TGF-β signaling has been shown in CRC cells. However, TGF-β receptor remains expressed on CRC cells. Here, we investigated whether the cooperation between tumor-associated N-glycosylation and a glycan-binding protein modulated the TGF-β-driven signaling and metastasis of CRC. We showed that galectin-8, a galactose-binding lectin, hampered TGF-β-induced EMT by interacting with the type II TGF-β receptor and competing with TGF-β binding. Depletion of galectin-8 promoted the migration of CRC cells by increasing TGF-β-receptor-mediated RAS and Src signaling, which was attenuated after recombinant galectin-8 treatment. Treatment with recombinant galectin-8 also induces JNK-dependent apoptosis in CRC cells. The anti-migratory effect of galectin-8 depended on β4-galactosyltransferase-I (B4GALT1), an enzyme involved in N-glycan synthesis. Increased B4GALT1 expression was observed in clinical CRC samples. Depletion of B4GALT1 reduced the metastatic potential of CRC cells. Furthermore, inducible expression of galectin-8 attenuated tumor development and metastasis of CRC cells in an intra-splenic injection model. Our results thus demonstrate that galectin-8 alters non-canonical TGF-β response in CRC cells and suppresses CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Hui Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Ru Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Han Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-I Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Osuka RF, Yamasaki T, Kizuka Y. Structure and function of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130709. [PMID: 39233219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The β1,6-GlcNAc branch in N-glycans, produced by a glycosyltransferase N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V or MGAT5), is associated with cancer and autoimmune diseases. SCOPE Here, we summarize the structure and activity regulation of GnT-V. We also describe the roles of the β1,6-GlcNAc branch on glycoproteins in cells and the phenotypes of Mgat5-deficient mice, focusing on cancer and the immune system. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS GnT-V has a unique structure for substrate recognition, and its activity and function are regulated by shedding. The glycans produced by GnT-V play pivotal roles in the differentiation of neural cells, cancer malignancy and immunotherapy, and the development of autoimmune diseases by regulating the functions and cell surface residency of glycoproteins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Controlling the expression or activity of GnT-V could be a therapeutic option against cancer and autoimmune diseases. Future work should clarify how GnT-V selectively modifies the specific glycoproteins or N-glycosylation sites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina F Osuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamasaki
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
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4
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Hu D, Kobayashi N, Ohki R. FUCA1: An Underexplored p53 Target Gene Linking Glycosylation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2753. [PMID: 39123480 PMCID: PMC11311387 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a difficult-to-cure disease with high worldwide incidence and mortality, in large part due to drug resistance and disease relapse. Glycosylation, which is a common modification of cellular biomolecules, was discovered decades ago and has been of interest in cancer research due to its ability to influence cellular function and to promote carcinogenesis. A variety of glycosylation types and structures regulate the function of biomolecules and are potential targets for investigating and treating cancer. The link between glycosylation and carcinogenesis has been more recently revealed by the role of p53 in energy metabolism, including the p53 target gene alpha-L-fucosidase 1 (FUCA1), which plays an essential role in fucosylation. In this review, we summarize roles of glycan structures and glycosylation-related enzymes to cancer development. The interplay between glycosylation and tumor microenvironmental factors is also discussed, together with involvement of glycosylation in well-characterized cancer-promoting mechanisms, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and p53-mediated pathways. Glycan structures also modulate cell-matrix interactions, cell-cell adhesion as well as cell migration and settlement, dysfunction of which can contribute to cancer. Thus, further investigation of the mechanistic relationships among glycosylation, related enzymes and cancer progression may provide insights into potential novel cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada;
| | - Naoya Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
- Department of NCC Cancer Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Rieko Ohki
- Laboratory of Fundamental Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji 5-1-1, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
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5
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Tomar V, Kang J, Lin R, Brant SR, Lazarev M, Tressler C, Glunde K, Zachara N, Melia J. Aberrant N-glycosylation is a therapeutic target in carriers of a common and highly pleiotropic mutation in the manganese transporter ZIP8. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.28.601207. [PMID: 39005453 PMCID: PMC11244875 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.28.601207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of defective glycosylation in clinical practice has been limited to patients with rare and severe phenotypes associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Carried by approximately 5% of the human population, the discovery of the highly pleiotropic, missense mutation in a manganese transporter ZIP8 has exposed under-appreciated roles for Mn homeostasis and aberrant Mn-dependent glycosyltransferases activity leading to defective N-glycosylation in complex human diseases. Here, we test the hypothesis that aberrant N-glycosylation contributes to disease pathogenesis of ZIP8 A391T-associated Crohn's disease. Analysis of N-glycan branching in intestinal biopsies demonstrates perturbation in active Crohn's disease and a genotype-dependent effect characterized by increased truncated N-glycans. A mouse model of ZIP8 391-Thr recapitulates the intestinal glycophenotype of patients carrying mutations in ZIP8. Borrowing from therapeutic strategies employed in the treatment of patients with CDGs, oral monosaccharide therapy with N-acetylglucosamine ameliorates the epithelial N-glycan defect, bile acid dyshomeostasis, intestinal permeability, and susceptibility to chemical-induced colitis in a mouse model of ZIP8 391-Thr. Together, these data support ZIP8 391-Thr alters N-glycosylation to contribute to disease pathogenesis, challenging the clinical paradigm that CDGs are limited to patients with rare diseases. Critically, the defect in glycosylation can be targeted with monosaccharide supplementation, providing an opportunity for genotype-driven, personalized medicine.
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Kim HJ, Jeong MS, Jang SB. Identification and structure of AIMP2-DX2 for therapeutic perspectives. BMB Rep 2024; 57:318-323. [PMID: 38835119 PMCID: PMC11289502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell fate and lung cell differentiation is associated with Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS)-interacting multifunctional protein 2 (AIMP2), which acts as a non-enzymatic component required for the multi-tRNA synthetase complex. In response to DNA damage, a component of AIMP2 separates from the multi-tRNA synthetase complex, binds to p53, and prevents its degradation by MDM2, inducing apoptosis. Additionally, AIMP2 reduces proliferation in TGF-β and Wnt pathways, while enhancing apoptotic signaling induced by tumor necrosis factor-β. Given the crucial role of these pathways in tumorigenesis, AIMP2 is expected to function as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. The full-length AIMP2 transcript consists of four exons, with a small section of the pre-mRNA undergoing alternative splicing to produce a variant (AIMP2-DX2) lacking the second exon. AIMP2-DX2 binds to FBP, TRAF2, and p53 similarly to AIMP2, but competes with AIMP2 for binding to these target proteins, thereby impairing its tumor-suppressive activity. AIMP2-DX2 is specifically expressed in a diverse range of cancer cells, including breast cancer, liver cancer, bone cancer, and stomach cancer. There is growing interest in AIMP2-DX2 as a promising biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis, with AIMP2-DX2 inhibition attracting significant interest as a potentially effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of lung, ovarian, prostate, and nasopharyngeal cancers. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(7): 318-323].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jin Kim
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Insitute of Systems Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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7
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Kizuka Y. Regulation of intracellular activity of N-glycan branching enzymes in mammals. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107471. [PMID: 38879010 PMCID: PMC11328876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Most proteins in the secretory pathway are glycosylated, and N-glycans are estimated to be attached to over 7000 proteins in humans. As structural variation of N-glycans critically regulates the functions of a particular glycoprotein, it is pivotal to understand how structural diversity of N-glycans is generated in cells. One of the major factors conferring structural variation of N-glycans is the variable number of N-acetylglucosamine branches. These branch structures are biosynthesized by dedicated glycosyltransferases, including GnT-III (MGAT3), GnT-IVa (MGAT4A), GnT-IVb (MGAT4B), GnT-V (MGAT5), and GnT-IX (GnT-Vb, MGAT5B). In addition, the presence or absence of core modification of N-glycans, namely, core fucose (included as an N-glycan branch in this manuscript), synthesized by FUT8, also confers large structural variation on N-glycans, thereby crucially regulating many protein-protein interactions. Numerous biochemical and medical studies have revealed that these branch structures are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the biosynthetic glycosyltransferases are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the previous findings and recent updates regarding regulation of the activity of these N-glycan branching enzymes. We hope that such information will help readers to develop a comprehensive overview of the complex system regulating mammalian N-glycan maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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8
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Liu J, Xu X, Zhong H, Yu M, Abuduaini N, Zhang S, Yang X, Feng B. Glycosylation and Its Role in Immune Checkpoint Proteins: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1446. [PMID: 39062019 PMCID: PMC11274725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint proteins have become recent research hotspots for their vital role in maintaining peripheral immune tolerance and suppressing immune response function in a wide range of tumors. Therefore, investigating the immunomodulatory functions of immune checkpoints and their therapeutic potential for clinical use is of paramount importance. The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an important component of cancer immunotherapy, as it targets inhibitory immune signaling transduction with antagonistic antibodies to restore the host immune response. Anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) monoclonal antibodies are two main types of widely used ICBs that drastically improve the survival and prognosis of many patients with cancer. Nevertheless, the response rate of most cancer types remains relatively low due to the drug resistance of ICBs, which calls for an in-depth exploration to improve their efficacy. Accumulating evidence suggests that immune checkpoint proteins are glycosylated in forms of N-glycosylation, core fucosylation, or sialylation, which affect multiple biological functions of proteins such as protein biosynthesis, stability, and interaction. In this review, we give a brief introduction to several immune checkpoints and summarize primary molecular mechanisms that modulate protein stability and immunosuppressive function. In addition, newly developed methods targeting glycosylation on immune checkpoints for detection used to stratify patients, as well as small-molecule agents disrupting receptor-ligand interactions to circumvent drug resistance of traditional ICBs, in order to increase the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy strategies of patients with cancer, are also included to provide new insights into scientific research and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China; (J.L.); (X.X.); (H.Z.); (M.Y.); (N.A.); (S.Z.); (X.Y.)
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9
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Kang Y, Zhang Q, Xu S, Yu Y. The alteration and role of glycoconjugates in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1398641. [PMID: 38946780 PMCID: PMC11212478 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1398641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal protein deposition. With an alarming 30 million people affected worldwide, AD poses a significant public health concern. While inhibiting key enzymes such as β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 and γ-secretase or enhancing amyloid-β clearance, has been considered the reasonable strategy for AD treatment, their efficacy has been compromised by ineffectiveness. Furthermore, our understanding of AD pathogenesis remains incomplete. Normal aging is associated with a decline in glucose uptake in the brain, a process exacerbated in patients with AD, leading to significant impairment of a critical post-translational modification: glycosylation. Glycosylation, a finely regulated mechanism of intracellular secondary protein processing, plays a pivotal role in regulating essential functions such as synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, axon guidance, as well as learning and memory within the central nervous system. Advanced glycomic analysis has unveiled that abnormal glycosylation of key AD-related proteins closely correlates with the onset and progression of the disease. In this context, we aimed to delve into the intricate role and underlying mechanisms of glycosylation in the etiopathology and pathogenesis of AD. By highlighting the potential of targeting glycosylation as a promising and alternative therapeutic avenue for managing AD, we strive to contribute to the advancement of treatment strategies for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Silu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Sečová P, Hackerová L, Horovská Ľ, Michalková K, Jankovičová J, Postlerová P, Antalíková J. Complexity and modification of the bull sperm glycocalyx during epididymal maturation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23687. [PMID: 38785390 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400551rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa have a surface covered with glycocalyx, consisting of heterogeneous glycoproteins and glycolipids. This complexity arises from diverse monosaccharides, distinct linkages, various isomeric glycans, branching levels, and saccharide sequences. The glycocalyx is synthesized by spermatozoa developing in the testis, and its subsequent alterations during their transit through the epididymis are a critical process for the sperm acquisition of fertilizing ability. In this study, we performed detailed analysis of the glycocalyx on the sperm surface of bull spermatozoa in relation to individual parts of the epididymis using a wide range (24) of lectins with specific carbohydrate binding preferences. Fluorescence analysis of intact sperm isolated from the bull epididymides was complemented by Western blot detection of protein extracts from the sperm plasma membrane fractions. Our experimental results revealed predominant sequential modification of bull sperm glycans with N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), followed by subsequent sialylation and fucosylation in a highly specific manner. Additionally, variations in the lectin detection on the sperm surface may indicate the acquisition or release of glycans or glycoproteins. Our study is the first to provide a complex analysis of the bull sperm glycocalyx modification during epididymal maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sečová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Hackerová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ľubica Horovská
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Michalková
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jana Jankovičová
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavla Postlerová
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Antalíková
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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11
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Qin H, Teng Y, Dai R, Wang A, Liu J. Glycan-based scaffolds and nanoparticles as drug delivery system in cancer therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395187. [PMID: 38799466 PMCID: PMC11116596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycan-based scaffolds are unique in their high specificity, versatility, low immunogenicity, and ability to mimic natural carbohydrates, making them attractive candidates for use in cancer treatment. These scaffolds are made up of glycans, which are biopolymers with well biocompatibility in the human body that can be used for drug delivery. The versatility of glycan-based scaffolds allows for the modulation of drug activity and targeted delivery to specific cells or tissues, which increases the potency of drugs and reduces side effects. Despite their promise, there are still technical challenges in the design and production of glycan-based scaffolds, as well as limitations in their therapeutic efficacy and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yibin Teng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking Union Medical University Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aman Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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12
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Matoba Y, Zarrella DT, Pooladanda V, Azimi Mohammadabadi M, Kim E, Kumar S, Xu M, Qin X, Ray LJ, Devins KM, Kumar R, Kononenko A, Eisenhauer E, Veillard IE, Yamagami W, Hill SJ, Sarosiek KA, Yeku OO, Spriggs DR, Rueda BR. Targeting Galectin 3 illuminates its contributions to the pathology of uterine serous carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1463-1476. [PMID: 38438589 PMCID: PMC11058234 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uterine serous cancer (USC) comprises around 10% of all uterine cancers. However, USC accounts for approximately 40% of uterine cancer deaths, which is attributed to tumor aggressiveness and limited effective treatment. Galectin 3 (Gal3) has been implicated in promoting aggressive features in some malignancies. However, Gal3's role in promoting USC pathology is lacking. METHODS We explored the relationship between LGALS3 levels and prognosis in USC patients using TCGA database, and examined the association between Gal3 levels in primary USC tumors and clinical-pathological features. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gal3-knockout (KO) and GB1107, inhibitor of Gal3, were employed to evaluate Gal3's impact on cell function. RESULTS TCGA analysis revealed a worse prognosis for USC patients with high LGALS3. Patients with no-to-low Gal3 expression in primary tumors exhibited reduced clinical-pathological tumor progression. Gal3-KO and GB1107 reduced cell proliferation, stemness, adhesion, migration, and or invasion properties of USC lines. Furthermore, Gal3-positive conditioned media (CM) stimulated vascular tubal formation and branching and transition of fibroblast to cancer-associated fibroblast compared to Gal3-negative CM. Xenograft models emphasized the significance of Gal3 loss with fewer and smaller tumors compared to controls. Moreover, GB1107 impeded the growth of USC patient-derived organoids. CONCLUSION These findings suggest inhibiting Gal3 may benefit USC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matoba
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Dominique T Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maryam Azimi Mohammadabadi
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Shaan Kumar
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Xingping Qin
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lauren J Ray
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kyle M Devins
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Raj Kumar
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Artem Kononenko
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eric Eisenhauer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Irva E Veillard
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Wataru Yamagami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sarah J Hill
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | | - Oladapo O Yeku
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David R Spriggs
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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13
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Tong Y, Lu X, Shen D, Rao L, Zou L, Lyu S, Hou L, Sun G, Chen L. Identification and characterization of emGalaseE, a β-1,4 galactosidase from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, and its application on living cell surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131766. [PMID: 38657932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The biological function of terminal galactose on glycoprotein is an open field of research. Although progress had being made on enzymes that can remove the terminal galactose on glycoproteins, there is a lack of report on galactosidases that can work directly on living cells. In this study, a unique beta 1,4 galactosidase was isolated from Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (Em). It exhibited favorable stability at various temperatures (4-37 °C) and pH (5-8) levels and can remove β-1, 4 linked galactoses directly from glycoproteins. Using Alanine scanning, we found that two acidic residues (Glu-468, and Glu-531) in the predicted active pocket are critical for galactosidase activity. In addition, we also demonstrated that it could cleave galactose residues present on living cell surface. As this enzyme has a potential application for living cell glycan editing, we named it emGalaseE or glycan-editing galactosidase I (csgeGalaseI). In summary, our findings lay the groundwork for further investigation by presenting a simple and effective approach for the removal of galactose moieties from cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Tong
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danfeng Shen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Rao
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaoxian Lyu
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Linlin Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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14
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Imae R, Manya H, Tsumoto H, Umezawa K, Miura Y, Endo T. Changes in the amount of nucleotide sugars in aged mouse tissues. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae032. [PMID: 38598324 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging affects tissue glycan profiles, which may alter cellular functions and increase the risk of age-related diseases. Glycans are biosynthesized by glycosyltransferases using the corresponding nucleotide sugar, and the availability of nucleotide sugars affects glycosylation efficiency. However, the effects of aging on nucleotide sugar profiles and contents are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of aging on nucleotide sugars using a new LC-MS/MS method. Specifically, the new method was used to determine the nucleotide sugar contents of various tissues (brain, liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, lung, and colon) of male C57BL/6NCr mice (7- or 26-month-old). Characteristic age-associated nucleotide sugar changes were observed in each tissue sample. Particularly, there was a significant decrease in UDP-glucuronic acid content in the kidney of aged mice and a decrease in the contents of several nucleotide sugars, including UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine, in the brain of aged mice. Additionally, there were variations in nucleotide sugar profiles among the tissues examined regardless of the age. The kidneys had the highest concentration of UDP-glucuronic acid among the seven tissues. In contrast, the skeletal muscle had the lowest concentration of total nucleotide sugars among the tissues; however, CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid and CDP-ribitol were relatively enriched. Conclusively, these findings may contribute to the understanding of the roles of glycans in tissue aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keitaro Umezawa
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Proteome Research, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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15
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Xu J, Zhao Y, Tyler Mertens R, Ding Y, Xiao P. Sweet regulation - The emerging immunoregulatory roles of hexoses. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00157-7. [PMID: 38631430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is widely acknowledged that dietary habits have profound impacts on human health and diseases. As the most important sweeteners and energy sources in human diets, hexoses take part in a broad range of physiopathological processes. In recent years, emerging evidence has uncovered the crucial roles of hexoses, such as glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose, in controlling the differentiation or function of immune cells. AIM OF REVIEW Herein, we reviewed the latest research progresses in the hexose-mediated modulation of immune responses, provided in-depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms, and discussed the unresolved issues in this field. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Owing to their immunoregulatory effects, hexoses affect the onset and progression of various types of immune disorders, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immune evasion. Thus, targeting hexose metabolism is becoming a promising strategy for reversing immune abnormalities in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Xu
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuening Zhao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yimin Ding
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; The Key Laboratory for Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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16
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Torres NI, Baudou FG, Scheidegger MA, Dalotto-Moreno T, Rabinovich GA. Do galectins serve as soluble ligands for immune checkpoint receptors? J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008984. [PMID: 38599662 PMCID: PMC11015282 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas I Torres
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnología, Universidad Argentina de la Empresa, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico G Baudou
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marco A Scheidegger
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Dalotto-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicociencias, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Perez-Moreno E, Oyanadel C, de la Peña A, Hernández R, Pérez-Molina F, Metz C, González A, Soza A. Galectins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition: roles and mechanisms contributing to tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer metastasis. Biol Res 2024; 57:14. [PMID: 38570874 PMCID: PMC10993482 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are soluble glycan-binding proteins that interact with a wide range of glycoproteins and glycolipids and modulate a broad spectrum of physiological and pathological processes. The expression and subcellular localization of different galectins vary among tissues and cell types and change during processes of tissue repair, fibrosis and cancer where epithelial cells loss differentiation while acquiring migratory mesenchymal phenotypes. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that occurs in the context of these processes can include modifications of glycosylation patterns of glycolipids and glycoproteins affecting their interactions with galectins. Moreover, overexpression of certain galectins has been involved in the development and different outcomes of EMT. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of Galectin-1 (Gal-1), Gal-3, Gal-4, Gal-7 and Gal-8, which have been involved in physiologic and pathogenic EMT contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Perez-Moreno
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Oyanadel
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adely de la Peña
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronny Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Pérez-Molina
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Metz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso González
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia (CCTE) Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Tai SB, Huang CY, Chung CL, Sung PJ, Wen ZH, Chen CL. Prodigiosin Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling by Interfering Receptor Recycling and Subcellular Translocation in Epithelial Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 105:286-300. [PMID: 38278554 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a naturally occurring polypyrrole red pigment produced by numerous microorganisms including some Serratia and Streptomyces strains. PG has exhibited promising anticancer activity; however, the molecular mechanisms of action of PG on malignant cells remain ambiguous. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that governs a wide array of cellular processes in development and tissue homeostasis. Malfunctions of TGF-β signaling are associated with numerous human cancers. Emerging evidence underscores the significance of internalized TGF-β receptors and their intracellular trafficking in initiating signaling cascades. In this study, we identified PG as a potent inhibitor of the TGF-β pathway. PG blocked TGF-β signaling by targeting multiple sites of this pathway, including facilitating the sequestering of TGF-β receptors in the cytoplasm by impeding the recycling of type II TGF-β receptors to the cell surface. Additionally, PG prompts a reduction in the abundance of receptors on the cell surface through the disruption of the receptor glycosylation. In human Caucasian lung carcinoma cells and human hepatocellular cancer cell line cells, nanomolar concentrations of PG substantially diminish TGF-β-triggered phosphorylation of Smad2 protein. This attenuation is further reflected in the suppression of downstream target gene expression, including those encoding fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and N-cadherin. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Prodigiosin (PG) emerges from this study as a potent TGF-β pathway inhibitor, disrupting receptor trafficking and glycosylation and reducing TGF-β signaling and downstream gene expression. These findings not only shed light on PG's potential therapeutic role but also present a captivating avenue towards future anti-TGF-β strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ban Tai
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yin Huang
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chung
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Departments of Marine Biotechnology and Resources (S.-B.T., Z.-H.W.) and Biological Sciences (C.-L.Chu., C.-L.Che.), National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (S.-B.T.); Department of Orthopaedics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (C.-y.H.); National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan (P.-J.S.); and Department of Biotechnology (C.-L.Che.) and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy (C.-L.Che.), Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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19
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Drzewicka K, Zasłona Z. Metabolism-driven glycosylation represents therapeutic opportunities in interstitial lung diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328781. [PMID: 38550597 PMCID: PMC10973144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes are coupled with alteration in protein glycosylation. In this review, we will focus on macrophages that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis and thanks to their adaptable metabolism are an attractive therapeutic target. Examples presented in this review demonstrate that protein glycosylation regulates metabolism-driven immune responses in macrophages, with implications for fibrotic processes and granuloma formation. Targeting proteins that regulate glycosylation, such as fucosyltransferases, neuraminidase 1 and chitinase 1 could effectively block immunometabolic changes driving inflammation and fibrosis, providing novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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20
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Lin Y, Lubman DM. The role of N-glycosylation in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1098-1110. [PMID: 38486989 PMCID: PMC10935144 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding the development and progression of cancer in recent years, there remains a lack of comprehensive characterization of the cancer glycoproteome. Glycoproteins play an important role in medicine and are involved in various human disease conditions including cancer. Glycan-moieties participate in fundamental cancer processes like cell signaling, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Aberrant N-glycosylation significantly impacts cancer processes and targeted therapies in clinic. Therefore, understanding N-glycosylation in a tumor is essential for comprehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biomarkers for therapy monitoring and diagnosis. This review presents the fundamental process of protein N-glycosylation and summarizes glycosylation changes in tumor cells, including increased terminal sialylation, N-glycan branching, and core-fucosylation. Also, the role of N-glycosylation in tumor signaling pathways, migration, and metabolism are discussed. Glycoproteins and glycopeptides as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been introduced. Collectively, understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteome, along with its role in medicine, implication in cancer and other human diseases, highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tumor processes, necessitating further research for potential anti-cancer targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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21
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Querol Cano L, Dunlock VME, Schwerdtfeger F, van Spriel AB. Membrane organization by tetraspanins and galectins shapes lymphocyte function. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:193-212. [PMID: 37758850 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Immune receptors are not randomly distributed at the plasma membrane of lymphocytes but are segregated into specialized domains that function as platforms to initiate signalling, as exemplified by the B cell or T cell receptor complex and the immunological synapse. 'Membrane-organizing proteins' and, in particular, tetraspanins and galectins, are crucial for controlling the spatiotemporal organization of immune receptors and other signalling proteins. Deficiencies in specific tetraspanins and galectins result in impaired immune synapse formation, lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production and migration, which can lead to impaired immunity, tumour development and autoimmunity. In contrast to conventional ligand-receptor interactions, membrane organizers interact in cis (on the same cell) and modulate receptor clustering, receptor dynamics and intracellular signalling. New findings have uncovered their complex and dynamic nature, revealing shared binding partners and collaborative activity in determining the composition of membrane domains. Therefore, immune receptors should not be envisaged as independent entities and instead should be studied in the context of their spatial organization in the lymphocyte membrane. We advocate for a novel approach to study lymphocyte function by globally analysing the role of membrane organizers in the assembly of different membrane complexes and discuss opportunities to develop therapeutic approaches that act via the modulation of membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Querol Cano
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera-Marie E Dunlock
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B van Spriel
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Li Y, Wang H, Chen Y, Ding L, Ju H. In Situ Glycan Analysis and Editing in Living Systems. JACS AU 2024; 4:384-401. [PMID: 38425935 PMCID: PMC10900212 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Besides proteins and nucleic acids, carbohydrates are also ubiquitous building blocks of living systems. Approximately 70% of mammalian proteins are glycosylated. Glycans not only provide structural support for living systems but also act as crucial regulators of cellular functions. As a result, they are considered essential pieces of the life science puzzle. However, research on glycans has lagged far behind that on proteins and nucleic acids. The main reason is that glycans are not direct products of gene coding, and their synthesis is nontemplated. In addition, the diversity of monosaccharide species and their linkage patterns contribute to the complexity of the glycan structures, which is the molecular basis for their diverse functions. Research in glycobiology is extremely challenging, especially for the in situ elucidation of glycan structures and functions. There is an urgent need to develop highly specific glycan labeling tools and imaging methods and devise glycan editing strategies. This Perspective focuses on the challenges of in situ analysis of glycans in living systems at three spatial levels (i.e., cell, tissue, and in vivo) and highlights recent advances and directions in glycan labeling, imaging, and editing tools. We believe that examining the current development landscape and the existing bottlenecks can drive the evolution of in situ glycan analysis and intervention strategies and provide glycan-based insights for clinical diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiqi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State
Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
University, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. D-galactose might mediate some of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy-promoting effects of milk-A nutrient to consider for sarcopenia? Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300061. [PMID: 38058119 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a process of progressive aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) recognized as a serious global health issue contributing to frailty and increased all-cause mortality. Exercise and nutritional interventions (particularly intake of dairy products and milk) demonstrate good efficacy, safety, and broad applicability. Here, we propose that at least some of the well-documented favorable effects of milk and milk-derived protein supplements on SMM might be mediated by D-galactose, a monosaccharide present in large quantities in milk in the form of disaccharide lactose (milk sugar). We suggest that ingestion of dairy products results in exposure to D-galactose in concentrations metabolized primarily via the Leloir pathway with the potential to (i) promote anabolic signaling via maintenance of growth factor (e.g., insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) receptor mature glycosylation patterns; and (ii) provide extracellular (liver glycogen) and intracellular substrates for short (muscle glycolysis) and long-term (muscle glycogen, intramyocellular lipids) energy availability. Additionally, D-galactose might optimize the metabolic function of skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial content and stimulating glucose and fatty acid utilization. The proposed potential of D-galactose to promote the accretion of SMM is discussed in the context of its therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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24
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Johannes L, Shafaq-Zadah M, Dransart E, Wunder C, Leffler H. Endocytic Roles of Glycans on Proteins and Lipids. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041398. [PMID: 37735065 PMCID: PMC10759989 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Most cell surface proteins are decorated by glycans, and the plasma membrane is rich in glycosylated lipids. The mechanisms by which the enormous complexity of these glycan structures on proteins and lipids is exploited to control glycoprotein activity by setting their cell surface residence time and the ways by which they are taken up into cells are still under active investigation. Here, two mechanisms are presented, termed galectin lattices and glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect)-driven endocytosis, which are among the most prominent to establish a link between glycan information and endocytosis. Types of glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids are reviewed from the angle of their interaction with glycan-binding proteins that are at the heart of galectin lattices and GL-Lect-driven endocytosis. Examples are given to show how these mechanisms affect cellular functions ranging from cell migration and signaling to vascularization and immune modulation. Finally, outstanding challenges on the link between glycosylation and endocytosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Estelle Dransart
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Wunder
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Berkel C, Cacan E. The expression of O-linked glycosyltransferase GALNT7 in breast cancer is dependent on estrogen-, progesterone-, and HER2-receptor status, with prognostic implications. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:631-644. [PMID: 37947928 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
GALNT7 is a glycosyltransferase enzyme transferring N-acetylgalactosamine to initiate O-linked glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2) are important biomarkers in the prognosis and molecular subtyping of breast cancer. Here, we showed that ER-positive, PR-positive or HER2-positive breast tumors have higher expression of GALNT7 compared to ER-negative, PR-negative or HER2-negative breast tumors, respectively. We found that CpG-aggregated methylation of GALNT7 gene is decreased, and in parallel, its transcript levels are increased in breast cancer compared to healthy breast tissue. We observed that the difference in the expression of GALNT7 between negative and positive status of the receptors is the highest for HER2, followed by ER and PR, pointing that HER2 might be relatively more influential than ER and PR on the expression of GALNT7 in breast cancer. We reported that basal-like breast tumors have decreased expression of GALNT7 compared to non-basal-like tumors, and that high GALNT7 expression is associated with favorable relapse-free and distant metastasis-free survival in HER2 status-dependent manner in breast cancer patients. Moreover, we showed that GALNT7 expression in breast cancer is cell type- (epithelial vs stromal cells), tumor grade- and ethnicity-dependent. Combined, we propose that GALNT7 might contribute to different clinical outcomes depending on the receptor status in breast cancer, and that a better understanding of GALNT7 and its function in the context of breast cancer is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Berkel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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26
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Zhang C, Shafaq-Zadah M, Pawling J, Hesketh GG, Dransart E, Pacholczyk K, Longo J, Gingras AC, Penn LZ, Johannes L, Dennis JW. SLC3A2 N-glycosylation and Golgi remodeling regulate SLC7A amino acid exchangers and stress mitigation. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105416. [PMID: 37918808 PMCID: PMC10698284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis requires oxidative metabolism (ATP) and mitigation of the associated damage by glutathione, in an increasingly dysfunctional relationship with aging. SLC3A2 (4F2hc, CD98) plays a role as a disulfide-linked adaptor to the SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 exchangers which import essential amino acids and cystine while exporting Gln and Glu, respectively. The positions of N-glycosylation sites on SLC3A2 have evolved with the emergence of primates, presumably in synchrony with metabolism. Herein, we report that each of the four sites in SLC3A2 has distinct profiles of Golgi-modified N-glycans. N-glycans at the primate-derived site N381 stabilized SLC3A2 in the galectin-3 lattice against coated-pit endocytosis, while N365, the site nearest the membrane promoted glycolipid-galectin-3 (GL-Lect)-driven endocytosis. Our results indicate that surface retention and endocytosis are precisely balanced by the number, position, and remodeling of N-glycans on SLC3A2. Furthermore, proteomics and functional assays revealed an N-glycan-dependent clustering of the SLC3A2∗SLC7A5 heterodimer with amino-acid/Na+ symporters (SLC1A4, SLC1A5) that balances branched-chain amino acids and Gln levels, at the expense of ATP to maintain the Na+/K+ gradient. In replete conditions, SLC3A2 interactions require Golgi-modified N-glycans at N365D and N381D, whereas reducing N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum by fluvastatin treatment promoted the recruitment of CD44 and transporters needed to mitigate stress. Thus, SLC3A2 N-glycosylation and Golgi remodeling of the N-glycans have distinct roles in amino acids import for growth, maintenance, and metabolic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunjie Zhang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Judy Pawling
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey G Hesketh
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Estelle Dransart
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Karina Pacholczyk
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph Longo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Cellular and Chemical Biology Unit, Institut Curie, INSERM U1143, CNRS UMR3666, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - James W Dennis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Shorer O, Yizhak K. Metabolic predictors of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. iScience 2023; 26:108188. [PMID: 37965137 PMCID: PMC10641254 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Yet, a metabolic characterization of immune cells in the TME of patients treated with ICI is lacking. To bridge this gap we performed a semi-supervised analysis of ∼1700 metabolic genes using single-cell RNA-seq data of > 1 million immune cells from ∼230 samples of cancer patients treated with ICI. When clustering cells based on their metabolic gene expression, we found that similar immunological cellular states are found in different metabolic states. Most importantly, we found metabolic states that are significantly associated with patient response. We then built a metabolic predictor based on a dozen gene signature, which significantly differentiates between responding and non-responding patients across different cancer types (AUC = 0.8-0.92). Taken together, our results demonstrate the power of metabolism in predicting patient response to ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Shorer
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Keren Yizhak
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
- The Taub Faculty of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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29
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Dam TK, Brewer CF. Multivalent lectin-carbohydrate interactions: Energetics and mechanisms of binding. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2023; 84:23-48. [PMID: 37979978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The biological signaling properties of lectins, which are carbohydrate-binding proteins, are due to their ability to bind and cross-link multivalent glycoprotein receptors on the surface of normal and transformed cells. While the cross-linking properties of lectins with multivalent carbohydrates and glycoproteins are relatively well understood, the mechanisms of binding of lectins to multivalent glycoconjugates are less well understood. Recently, the thermodynamics of binding of lectins to synthetic clustered glycosides, a multivalent globular glycoprotein, and to linear glycoproteins (mucins) have been described. The results are consistent with a dynamic binding mechanism in which lectins bind and jump from carbohydrate to carbohydrate epitope in these molecules. Importantly, the mechanism of binding of lectins to mucins is similar to that for a variety of protein ligands binding to DNA. Recent analysis also shows that high-affinity lectin-mucin cross-linking interactions are driven by favorable entropy of binding that is associated with the bind and jump mechanism. The results suggest that the binding of ligands to biopolymers, in general, may involve a common mechanism that involves enhanced entropic effects which facilitate binding and subsequent complex formation including enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun K Dam
- Formerly of the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
| | - C Fred Brewer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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30
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Abdelbary M, Nolz JC. N-linked glycans: an underappreciated key determinant of T cell development, activation, and function. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00035. [PMID: 38027254 PMCID: PMC10662610 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation is a post-translational modification that results in the decoration of newly synthesized proteins with diverse types of oligosaccharides that originate from the amide group of the amino acid asparagine. The sequential and collective action of multiple glycosidases and glycosyltransferases are responsible for determining the overall size, composition, and location of N-linked glycans that become covalently linked to an asparagine during and after protein translation. A growing body of evidence supports the critical role of N-linked glycan synthesis in regulating many features of T cell biology, including thymocyte development and tolerance, as well as T cell activation and differentiation. Here, we provide an overview of how specific glycosidases and glycosyltransferases contribute to the generation of different types of N-linked glycans and how these post-translational modifications ultimately regulate multiple facets of T cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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31
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Rocamora F, Peralta AG, Shin S, Sorrentino J, Wu MYM, Toth EA, Fuerst TR, Lewis NE. Glycosylation shapes the efficacy and safety of diverse protein, gene and cell therapies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108206. [PMID: 37354999 PMCID: PMC11168894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, therapeutic proteins have had widespread success in treating a myriad of diseases. Glycosylation, a near universal feature of this class of drugs, is a critical quality attribute that significantly influences the physical properties, safety profile and biological activity of therapeutic proteins. Optimizing protein glycosylation, therefore, offers an important avenue to developing more efficacious therapies. In this review, we discuss specific examples of how variations in glycan structure and glycoengineering impacts the stability, safety, and clinical efficacy of protein-based drugs that are already in the market as well as those that are still in preclinical development. We also highlight the impact of glycosylation on next generation biologics such as T cell-based cancer therapy and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Rocamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo G Peralta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James Sorrentino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mina Ying Min Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A Toth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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32
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Pinho SS, Alves I, Gaifem J, Rabinovich GA. Immune regulatory networks coordinated by glycans and glycan-binding proteins in autoimmunity and infection. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1101-1113. [PMID: 37582971 PMCID: PMC10541879 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01074-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is coordinated by an intricate network of stimulatory and inhibitory circuits that regulate host responses against endogenous and exogenous insults. Disruption of these safeguard and homeostatic mechanisms can lead to unpredictable inflammatory and autoimmune responses, whereas deficiency of immune stimulatory pathways may orchestrate immunosuppressive programs that contribute to perpetuate chronic infections, but also influence cancer development and progression. Glycans have emerged as essential components of homeostatic circuits, acting as fine-tuners of immunological responses and potential molecular targets for manipulation of immune tolerance and activation in a wide range of pathologic settings. Cell surface glycans, present in cells, tissues and the extracellular matrix, have been proposed to serve as "self-associated molecular patterns" that store structurally relevant biological data. The responsibility of deciphering this information relies on different families of glycan-binding proteins (including galectins, siglecs and C-type lectins) which, upon recognition of specific carbohydrate structures, can recalibrate the magnitude, nature and fate of immune responses. This process is tightly regulated by the diversity of glycan structures and the establishment of multivalent interactions on cell surface receptors and the extracellular matrix. Here we review the spatiotemporal regulation of selected glycan-modifying processes including mannosylation, complex N-glycan branching, core 2 O-glycan elongation, LacNAc extension, as well as terminal sialylation and fucosylation. Moreover, we illustrate examples that highlight the contribution of these processes to the control of immune responses and their integration with canonical tolerogenic pathways. Finally, we discuss the power of glycans and glycan-binding proteins as a source of immunomodulatory signals that could be leveraged for the treatment of autoimmune inflammation and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé S Pinho
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Inês Alves
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Gaifem
- i3S - Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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33
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Sy M, Newton BL, Pawling J, Hayama KL, Cordon A, Yu Z, Kuhle J, Dennis JW, Brandt AU, Demetriou M. N-acetylglucosamine inhibits inflammation and neurodegeneration markers in multiple sclerosis: a mechanistic trial. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:209. [PMID: 37705084 PMCID: PMC10498575 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic-active brain inflammation, remyelination failure and neurodegeneration remain major issues despite immunotherapy. While B cell depletion and blockade/sequestration of T and B cells potently reduces episodic relapses, they act peripherally to allow persistence of chronic-active brain inflammation and progressive neurological dysfunction. N-acetyglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a triple modulator of inflammation, myelination and neurodegeneration. GlcNAc promotes biosynthesis of Asn (N)-linked-glycans, which interact with galectins to co-regulate the clustering/signaling/endocytosis of multiple glycoproteins simultaneously. In mice, GlcNAc crosses the blood brain barrier to raise N-glycan branching, suppress inflammatory demyelination by T and B cells and trigger stem/progenitor cell mediated myelin repair. MS clinical severity, demyelination lesion size and neurodegeneration inversely associate with a marker of endogenous GlcNAc, while in healthy humans, age-associated increases in endogenous GlcNAc promote T cell senescence. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS An open label dose-escalation mechanistic trial of oral GlcNAc at 6 g (n = 18) and 12 g (n = 16) for 4 weeks was performed in MS patients on glatiramer acetate and not in relapse from March 2016 to December 2019 to assess changes in serum GlcNAc, lymphocyte N-glycosylation and inflammatory markers. Post-hoc analysis examined changes in serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) as well as neurological disability via the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). RESULTS Prior to GlcNAc therapy, high serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-6 associated with reduced baseline levels of a marker of endogenous serum GlcNAc. Oral GlcNAc therapy was safe, raised serum levels and modulated N-glycan branching in lymphocytes. Glatiramer acetate reduces TH1, TH17 and B cell activity as well as sNfL, yet the addition of oral GlcNAc dose-dependently lowered serum IFNγ, IL-17, IL-6 and NfL. Oral GlcANc also dose-dependently reduced serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, which is increased in the brain of MS patients. 30% of treated patients displayed confirmed improvement in neurological disability, with an average EDSS score decrease of 0.52 points. CONCLUSIONS Oral GlcNAc inhibits inflammation and neurodegeneration markers in MS patients despite concurrent immunomodulation by glatiramer acetate. Blinded studies are required to investigate GlcNAc's potential to control residual brain inflammation, myelin repair and neurodegeneration in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sy
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Barbara L Newton
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Judy Pawling
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ken L Hayama
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Andres Cordon
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- Department of Statistics, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California Irvine, Bren Hall 2019, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Mittlere Strasse 83, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - James W Dennis
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alexander U Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael Demetriou
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, 208 Sprague Hall, Mail Code 4032, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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Dessì A, Bosco A, Cesare Marincola F, Pintus R, Paci G, Atzori L, Fanos V, Piras C. Sardinian Infants of Diabetic Mothers: A Metabolomics Observational Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13724. [PMID: 37762025 PMCID: PMC10530546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition characterized by glucose intolerance, with hyperglycemia of varying severity with onset during pregnancy. An uncontrolled GDM can lead to an increased risk of morbidity in the fetus and newborn, and an increased risk of obesity or developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension or neurocognitive developmental impairment in adulthood. In this study, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS) to analyze the urinary metabolomic profile of newborns of diabetic mothers (NDMs) with the aim of identifying biomarkers useful for the monitoring of NDMs and for early diagnosis of predisposition to develop related chronic diseases. A total of 26 newborns were recruited: 21 children of diabetic mothers, comprising 13 in diet therapy (NDM-diet) and 8 in insulin therapy (NDM-insulin), and 5 control children of non-diabetic mothers (CTR). Urine samples were collected at five time points: at birth (T1), on the third day of life (T2), one week (T3), one month (T4) and six months postpartum (T5). At T1, variations were observed in the levels of seven potential biomarkers (acetate, lactate, glycylproline/proline, isocitrate, N,N-dimethylglycine, N-acetylglucosamine and N-carbamoyl-aspartate) in NMD-insulin infants compared to NDM-diet and CTR infants. In particular, the altered metabolites were found to be involved in several metabolic pathways such as citrate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and pyruvate metabolism. In contrast, these changes were not visible at subsequent sampling times. The impact of early nutrition (maternal and formula milk) on the metabolomic profile was considered as a potential contributing factor to this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Dessì
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Alice Bosco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Flaminia Cesare Marincola
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Pintus
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Giulia Paci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, AOU Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (A.B.); (R.P.); (V.F.)
| | - Cristina Piras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (G.P.); (L.A.); (C.P.)
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Liu Y, Han Y, Zhu W, Luo Q, Yuan J, Liu X. Characterization of N-glycome profile in mouse brain tissue regions by MALDI-TOF/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5575-5588. [PMID: 37452841 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common types of post-translational modifications in mammals. It is well known that N-glycans play a key role in cell adhesion, differentiation, synapsis, and myelination during the development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathological symptoms (such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease) are usually accompanied by N-glycosylation changes. In this study, we extracted N-glycan chains from eight regions of the mouse brain, and combined high-throughput, high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) with the Fmoc N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Fmoc-OSU) derivatization method to improve the sensitivity of glycan detection to characterize the total N-glycans in the mouse brain. A total of 96 N-glycan moieties were detected. An exhaustive examination of the relative abundance of N-glycans, coupled with a comparative analysis of differences, has uncovered discernible variations of statistical significance, including high mannose, fucosylated, sialylated, and galactosylated N-glycans. According to our investigations, a thorough and regionally specific cartography of glycans within the brain can facilitate the investigation of glycan-mediated mechanisms related to both the developmental trajectory and functional output of the brain. Additionally, this approach may serve as a basis for identifying potential biomarkers that are relevant to various brain-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yutong Han
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Innovation Institute, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics of MOE at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Al Saoud R, Hamrouni A, Idris A, Mousa WK, Abu Izneid T. Recent advances in the development of sialyltransferase inhibitors to control cancer metastasis: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115091. [PMID: 37421784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities, representing a huge health and economic burden. One of the mechanisms that enables metastasis is hypersialylation, characterized by an overabundance of sialylated glycans on the tumor surface, which leads to repulsion and detachment of cells from the original tumor. Once the tumor cells are mobilized, sialylated glycans hijack the natural killer T-cells through self-molecular mimicry and activatea downstream cascade of molecular events that result in inhibition of cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses against cancer cells, ultimately leading to immune evasion. Sialylation is mediated by a family of enzymes known as sialyltransferases (STs), which catalyse the transfer of sialic acid residue from the donor, CMP-sialic acid, onto the terminal end of an acceptor such as N-acetylgalactosamine on the cell-surface. Upregulation of STs increases tumor hypersialylation by up to 60% which is considered a distinctive hallmark of several types of cancers such as pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer. Therefore, inhibiting STs has emerged as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the recent advances in designing novel sialyltransferase inhibitors using ligand-based drug design and high-throughput screening of natural and synthetic entities, emphasizing the most successful approaches. We analyse the limitations and challenges of designing selective, potent, and cell-permeable ST inhibitors that hindered further development of ST inhibitors into clinical trials. We conclude by analysing emerging opportunities, including advanced delivery methods which further increase the potential of these inhibitors to enrich the clinics with novel therapeutics to combat metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranim Al Saoud
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amar Hamrouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adi Idris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, QLD, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Walaa K Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq Abu Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, P.O. Box 112612, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Wang X, Li H, Chang X, Tian Z. High serum mannose in colorectal cancer: a novel biomarker of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1213952. [PMID: 37675224 PMCID: PMC10479890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lymph node status is an important prognostic indicator and it significantly influences treatment decisions for colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of serum monosaccharides in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis. Methods High performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) was used to quantify serum monosaccharides from 252 CRC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate predictive performance of parameters. Predictors of LNM were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. The prognostic role of the factors was evaluated by survival analysis. Results The levels of serum mannose (Man) and galactose (Gal) were significantly increased in patients with LNM (p <0.0001, p =0.0017, respectively). The area under the curves (AUCs) of Man was 0.8140, which was higher than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (AUC =0.6523). Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated histologic grade (G3) (odds ratio [OR] =2.60, p =0.043), histologic grade (mucin-producing subtype) (odds ratio [OR] =3.38, p =0.032), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (OR =2.42, p <0.01), CEA (>5ng/ml) (OR =1.85, p =0.042) and high Man (OR =2.65, p =0.006) to be independent risk factors of LNM. The survival analysis showed that the high serum Man was independent risk factor for poor prognosis in CRC patients (HR=1.75, p =0.004). Conclusions The Man is superior to CEA in prediction of LNM for CRC patients. Man is expected to be a predictor for LNM in CRC. High serum Man is associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- Center for Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Chang
- Center for Clinical Research, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Murillo Carrasco AG, Otake AH, Macedo-da-Silva J, Feijoli Santiago V, Palmisano G, Andrade LNDS, Chammas R. Deciphering the Functional Status of Breast Cancers through the Analysis of Their Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13022. [PMID: 37629204 PMCID: PMC10455604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Andreia Hanada Otake
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Veronica Feijoli Santiago
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (J.M.-d.-S.); (V.F.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology (LIM24), Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (A.G.M.C.); (A.H.O.); (L.N.d.S.A.)
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
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Zhang C, Zhou W. Machine learning-based identification of glycosyltransferase-related mRNAs for improving outcomes and the anti-tumor therapeutic response of gliomas. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1200795. [PMID: 37663248 PMCID: PMC10468601 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycosyltransferase participates in glycosylation modification, and glycosyltransferase alterations are involved in carcinogenesis, progression, and immune evasion, leading to poor outcomes. However, in-depth studies on the influence of glycosyltransferase on clinical outcomes and treatments are lacking. Methods: The analysis of differentially expressed genes was performed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database. A total of 10 machine learning algorithms were introduced, namely, random survival forest, elastic network, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, Ridge, stepwise Cox, CoxBoost, partial least squares regression for Cox, supervised principal components, generalized boosted regression modeling, and survival support vector machine. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was performed to explore signaling pathways regulated by the signature. Cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts was used for estimating the fractions of immune cell types. Results: Here, we analyzed the genomic and expressive alterations in glycosyltransferase-related genes in gliomas. A combination of 80 machine learning algorithms was introduced to establish the glycosyltransferase-related mRNA signature (GRMS) based on 2,030 glioma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, Rembrandt, Gravendeel, and Kamoun cohorts. The GRMS was identified as an independent hazardous factor for overall survival and exhibited stable and robust performance. Notably, gliomas in the high-GRMS subgroup exhibited abundant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor mutation burden values, increased expressive levels of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 and CD274, and improved progression-free survival when subjected to anti-tumor immunotherapy. Conclusion: The GRMS may act as a powerful and promising biomarker for improving the clinical prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Pavlakis E, Neumann M, Merle N, Wieboldt R, Wanzel M, Ponath V, Pogge von Strandmann E, Elmshäuser S, Stiewe T. Mutant p53-ENTPD5 control of the calnexin/calreticulin cycle: a druggable target for inhibiting integrin-α5-driven metastasis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:203. [PMID: 37563605 PMCID: PMC10413714 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53, encoding the tumor suppressor p53, is frequently mutated in various cancers, producing mutant p53 proteins (mutp53) which can exhibit neomorphic, gain-of-function properties. The latter transform p53 into an oncoprotein that promotes metastatic tumor progression via downstream effectors such as ENTPD5, an endoplasmic reticulum UDPase involved in the calnexin/calreticulin cycle of N-glycoprotein biosynthesis. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the pro-metastatic functions of the mutp53-ENTPD5 axis is crucial for developing targeted therapies for aggressive metastatic cancer. METHODS We analyzed pancreatic, lung, and breast adenocarcinoma cells with p53 missense mutations to study the impact of mutp53 and ENTPD5 on the N-glycoproteins integrin-α5 (ITGA5) and integrin-β1 (ITGB1), which heterodimerize to form the key fibronectin receptor. We assessed the role of the mutp53-ENTPD5 axis in integrin-dependent tumor-stroma interactions and tumor cell motility using adhesion, migration, and invasion assays, identifying and validating therapeutic intervention targets. We employed an orthotopic xenograft model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma to examine in vivo targeting of mutp53-ENTPD5-mediated ITGA5 regulation for cancer therapy. RESULTS Mutp53 depletion diminished ITGA5 and ITGB1 expression and impaired tumor cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, rescued by ENTPD5. The mutp53-ENTPD5 axis maintained ITGA5 expression and function via the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Targeting this axis using ITGA5-blocking antibodies, α-glucosidase inhibitors, or pharmacological degradation of mutp53 by HSP90 inhibitors, such as Ganetespib, effectively inhibited ITGA5-mediated cancer cell motility in vitro. In the orthotopic xenograft model, Ganetespib reduced ITGA5 expression and metastasis in an ENTPD5-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS The mutp53-ENTPD5 axis fosters ITGA5 and ITGB1 expression and tumor cell motility through the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, contributing to cancer metastasis. ITGA5-blocking antibodies or α-glucosidase inhibitors target this axis and represent potential therapeutic options worth exploring in preclinical models. The pharmacologic degradation of mutp53 by HSP90 inhibitors effectively blocks ENTPD5-ITGA5-mediated cancer cell motility and metastasis in vivo, warranting further clinical evaluation in p53-mutant cancers. This research underscores the significance of understanding the complex interplay between mutp53, ENTPD5, and the calnexin/calreticulin cycle in integrin-mediated metastatic tumor progression, offering valuable insights for the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Pavlakis
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ronja Wieboldt
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Viviane Ponath
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, 35043, Germany.
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Funkhouser A, Shuster H, Martin JC, Edenfield WJ, Blenda AV. Pattern Analysis of Serum Galectins-1, -3, and -9 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3809. [PMID: 37568625 PMCID: PMC10417135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins have been shown to have roles in cancer progression via their contributions to angiogenesis, metastasis, cell division, and the evasion of immune destruction. This study analyzes galectin-1, -3, and -9 serum concentrations in breast cancer patients through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the characteristics of the patient and the tumor such as stage, molecular subtype, and receptor expression. Galectin-9 was found to be statistically significantly increased in HER2-enriched tumors and reduced in patients with hormone-receptor-positive tumors. Galectin-1 was found to be statistically significantly increased in the serum of patients who had undergone hormonal, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy. These findings provide insight into the changes in galectin levels during the progress of cancer, the response to treatment, and the molecular phenotype. These findings are valuable in the further understanding of the relationships between galectin and tumor biology and can inform future research on therapeutic targets for galectin inhibitors and the utility of galectin biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Hayden Shuster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Julie C. Martin
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - W. Jeffery Edenfield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
| | - Anna V. Blenda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
- Prisma Health Cancer Institute, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29605, USA
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42
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Zhang NZ, Zhao LF, Zhang Q, Fang H, Song WL, Li WZ, Ge YS, Gao P. Core fucosylation and its roles in gastrointestinal glycoimmunology. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:1119-1134. [PMID: 37546555 PMCID: PMC10401475 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i7.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic cells. It is involved in the production of many biologically active glycoproteins and the regulation of protein structure and function. Core fucosylation plays a vital role in the immune response. Most immune system molecules are core fucosylated glycoproteins such as complements, cluster differentiation antigens, immunoglobulins, cytokines, major histocompatibility complex molecules, adhesion molecules, and immune molecule synthesis-related transcription factors. These core fucosylated glycoproteins play important roles in antigen recognition and clearance, cell adhesion, lymphocyte activation, apoptosis, signal transduction, and endocytosis. Core fucosylation is dominated by fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8), which catalyzes the addition of α-1,6-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue of N-glycans. Fut8 is involved in humoral, cellular, and mucosal immunity. Tumor immunology is associated with aberrant core fucosylation. Here, we summarize the roles and potential modulatory mechanisms of Fut8 in various immune processes of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Zhu Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Fen Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cell Therapy, Shanghai Tianze Yuntai Biomedical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200100, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0005, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wan-Li Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Song Ge
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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43
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Dang L, Li P, Dan W, Liu H, Shen J, Zhu B, Jia L, Sun S. Glycoproteomic analysis of regulatory effects of bisecting N-glycans on N-glycan biosynthesis and protein expressions in human HK-2 cells. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108894. [PMID: 37421876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisecting N-glycan is known to be a metastasis suppressor and plays a regulatory role in the biosynthesis of N-glycans. Previous studies have shown that bisecting N-glycans are capable of modulating both the branching and terminal modifications of glycans. However, these effects have been investigated mainly by glycomic approaches and it remains unclear how they alter when glycans are attached to different glycosites of proteins. Here, we systematically investigated the regulatory roles of bisecting N-glycans in human HK-2 cells using StrucGP, a strategy we developed for structural interpretation of site-specific N-glycans on glycoproteins. The glycoproteomics analysis showed that most of bisecting N-glycans are complex type and often occur in company with core fucosylation. With the overexpression and knockdown of MGAT3, the only enzyme responsible for bisecting N-glycan synthesis, we found that bisecting N-glycans can impact the biosynthesis of N-glycans from multiple aspects, including glycan types, branching, sialylation, fucosylation (different effects for core and terminal fucosylation) as well as the presence of terminal N-acetylglucosamine. Furthermore, gene ontology analysis suggested that most proteins with bisecting N-glycans located in the extracellular region or membrane, where they function mostly in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix regulation and cell signaling. Finally, we showed that overexpression of bisecting N-glycans had a broad impact on the protein expressions of HK-2 cells, involving multiple biological processes. Taken together, our work systematically demonstrated the expression profiles of bisecting N-glycans, and their regulatory effects on the biosynthesis of N-glycans and protein expressions, which provide valuable information for the functional elucidation of bisecting N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Wei Dan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Jiechen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Bojing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710069, China.
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44
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Billerhart M, Hunjadi M, Hawlin V, Grünwald-Gruber C, Maresch D, Mayrhofer P, Kunert R. Recombinant Human CD19 in CHO-K1 Cells: Glycosylation Patterns as a Quality Attribute of High Yield Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10891. [PMID: 37446069 PMCID: PMC10341778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD19 is an essential protein in personalized CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell-based cancer immunotherapies and CAR-T cell functionality evaluation. However, the recombinant expression of this "difficult to-express" (DTE) protein is challenging, and therefore, commercial access to the protein is limited. We have previously described the successful stable expression of our soluble CD19-AD2 fusion protein of the CD19 extracellular part fused with human serum albumin domain 2 (AD2) in CHO-K1 cells. The function, stability, and secretion rate of DTE proteins can be improved by culture conditions, such as reduced temperature and a shorter residence time. Moreover, glycosylation, as one of the most important post-translational modifications, represents a critical quality attribute potentially affecting CAR-T cell effector function and thus impacting therapy's success. In this study, we increased the production rate of CD19-AD2 by 3.5-fold through applying hypothermic culture conditions. We efficiently improved the purification of our his-tagged CD19-AD2 fusion protein via a Ni-NTA-based affinity column using a stepwise increase in the imidazole concentration. The binding affinity to commercially available anti-CD19 antibodies was evaluated via Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI). Furthermore, we revealed glycosylation patterns via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS), and five highly sialylated and multi-antennary N-glycosylation sites were identified. In summary, we optimized the CD19-AD2 production and purification process and were the first to characterize five highly complex N-glycosylation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Billerhart
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Monika Hunjadi
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Vanessa Hawlin
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.G.-G.)
| | - Daniel Maresch
- BOKU Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (C.G.-G.)
| | - Patrick Mayrhofer
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Renate Kunert
- Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (M.B.); (M.H.)
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45
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Choi MJ, You TM, Jang YJ. Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in BMP7-Induced Cementoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells by Interacting with Extracellular Components. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:5924286. [PMID: 37396953 PMCID: PMC10313471 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5924286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) contain multipotent postnatal stem cells that differentiate into PDL progenitors, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. Previously, we obtained cementoblast-like cells from hPDLSCs using bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) treatment. Differentiation into appropriate progenitor cells requires interactions and changes between stem or progenitor cells and their so-called environment niches, and cell surface markers play an important role. However, cementoblast-specific cell surface markers have not yet been fully studied. Through decoy immunization with intact cementoblasts, we developed a series of monoclonal antibodies against cementoblast-specific membrane/extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. One of these antibodies, the anti-CM3 antibody, recognized an approximate 30 kDa protein in a mouse cementoblast cell line, and the CM3 antigenic molecule accumulated in the cementum region of human tooth roots. Using mass spectrometric analysis, we found that the antigenic molecules recognized by the anti-CM3 antibody were galectin-3. As cementoblastic differentiation progressed, the expression of galectin-3 increased, and it localized at the cell surface. Inhibition of galectin-3 via siRNA and a specific inhibitor showed the complete blockage of cementoblastic differentiation and mineralization. In contrast, ectopic expression of galectin-3 induced cementoblastic differentiation. Galectin-3 interacted with laminin α2 and BMP7, and these interactions were diminished by galectin-3 inhibitors. These results suggested that galectin-3 participates in binding to the ECM component and trapping BMP7 to induce, in a sustained fashion, the upregulation of cementoblastic differentiation. Finally, galectin-3 could be a potential cementoblast-specific cell surface marker, with functional importance in cell-to-ECM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Choi
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Min You
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 FOUR NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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46
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Moran AB, Elgood-Hunt G, van der Burgt YEM, Wuhrer M, Mesker WE, Tollenaar RAEM, Spencer DIR, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM. Serum N-Glycosylation RPLC-FD-MS Assay to Assess Colorectal Cancer Surgical Interventions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:896. [PMID: 37371476 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A newly developed analytical strategy was applied to profile the total serum N-glycome of 64 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients before and after surgical intervention. In this cohort, it was previously found that serum N-glycome alterations in CRC were associated with patient survival. Here, fluorescent labeling of serum N-glycans was applied using procainamide and followed by sialic acid derivatization specific for α2,6- and α2,3-linkage types via ethyl esterification and amidation, respectively. This strategy allowed efficient separation of specific positional isomers on reversed-phase liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection-mass spectrometry (RPLC-FD-MS) and complemented the previous glycomics data based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-MS that did not include such separations. The results from comparing pre-operative CRC to post-operative samples were in agreement with studies that identified a decrease in di-antennary structures with core fucosylation and an increase in sialylated tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans in CRC patient sera. Pre-operative abundances of N-glycans showed good performance for the classification of adenocarcinoma and led to the revisit of the previous MALDI-MS dataset with regard to histological and clinical data. This strategy has the potential to monitor patient profiles before, during, and after clinical events such as treatment, therapy, or surgery and should also be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Moran
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ludger Ltd., Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3EB, UK
| | | | - Yuri E M van der Burgt
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guinevere S M Lageveen-Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Wang L, Tang Y. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in cancer stem cell: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114846. [PMID: 37167725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance and metastasis has long been a difficult problem for cancer treatment. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cell populations are key factors in the regulation of cancer aggressiveness, relapse and drug resistance. Cancer stem cell (CSC) populations are highly plastic and self-renewing, giving them unique metabolic, metastatic, and chemotherapy resistance properties. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal modification of mRNA and is involved in a variety of cell growth and development processes, including RNA transcription, alternative splicing, degradation, and translation. It has also been linked to the development of various cancers. At present, the important role of m6A in tumour progression is gradually attracting attention, especially in the tumour stemness regulation process. Abnormal m6A modifications regulate tumour metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. This paper aims to explore the regulatory mechanism of m6A in CSCs and clinical therapy, clarify its regulatory network, and provide theoretical guidance for the development of clinical targets and improvement of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxin Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China.
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48
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Yue Z, Yu Y, Gao B, Wang D, Sun H, Feng Y, Ma Z, Xie X. Advances in protein glycosylation and its role in tissue repair and regeneration. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:355-373. [PMID: 37097318 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
After tissue damage, a series of molecular and cellular events are initiated to promote tissue repair and regeneration to restore its original structure and function. These events include inter-cell communication, cell proliferation, cell migration, extracellular matrix differentiation, and other critical biological processes. Glycosylation is the crucial conservative and universal post-translational modification in all eukaryotic cells [1], with influential roles in intercellular recognition, regulation, signaling, immune response, cellular transformation, and disease development. Studies have shown that abnormally glycosylation of proteins is a well-recognized feature of cancer cells, and specific glycan structures are considered markers of tumor development. There are many studies on gene expression and regulation during tissue repair and regeneration. Still, there needs to be more knowledge of complex carbohydrates' effects on tissue repair and regeneration, such as glycosylation. Here, we present a review of studies investigating protein glycosylation in the tissue repair and regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Du Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
- GeWu Medical Research Institute (GMRI), Xi'an, China.
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49
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Paneque A, Fortus H, Zheng J, Werlen G, Jacinto E. The Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway: Regulation and Function. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040933. [PMID: 37107691 PMCID: PMC10138107 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) produces uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl glucosamine, UDP-GlcNAc, which is a key metabolite that is used for N- or O-linked glycosylation, a co- or post-translational modification, respectively, that modulates protein activity and expression. The production of hexosamines can occur via de novo or salvage mechanisms that are catalyzed by metabolic enzymes. Nutrients including glutamine, glucose, acetyl-CoA, and UTP are utilized by the HBP. Together with availability of these nutrients, signaling molecules that respond to environmental signals, such as mTOR, AMPK, and stress-regulated transcription factors, modulate the HBP. This review discusses the regulation of GFAT, the key enzyme of the de novo HBP, as well as other metabolic enzymes that catalyze the reactions to produce UDP-GlcNAc. We also examine the contribution of the salvage mechanisms in the HBP and how dietary supplementation of the salvage metabolites glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine could reprogram metabolism and have therapeutic potential. We elaborate on how UDP-GlcNAc is utilized for N-glycosylation of membrane and secretory proteins and how the HBP is reprogrammed during nutrient fluctuations to maintain proteostasis. We also consider how O-GlcNAcylation is coupled to nutrient availability and how this modification modulates cell signaling. We summarize how deregulation of protein N-glycosylation and O-GlcNAcylation can lead to diseases including cancer, diabetes, immunodeficiencies, and congenital disorders of glycosylation. We review the current pharmacological strategies to inhibit GFAT and other enzymes involved in the HBP or glycosylation and how engineered prodrugs could have better therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of diseases related to HBP deregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysta Paneque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Harvey Fortus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Julia Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Guy Werlen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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50
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Zukowska D, Gedaj A, Porebska N, Pozniak M, Krzyscik M, Czyrek A, Krowarsch D, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opalinski L. Receptor clustering by a precise set of extracellular galectins initiates FGFR signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:113. [PMID: 37012400 PMCID: PMC10070233 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
FGF/FGFR signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of the human body and imbalanced FGF/FGFR contributes to the progression of severe diseases, including cancers. FGFRs are N-glycosylated, but the role of these modifications is largely unknown. Galectins are extracellular carbohydrate-binding proteins implicated in a plethora of processes in heathy and malignant cells. Here, we identified a precise set of galectins (galectin-1, -3, -7, and -8) that directly interact with N-glycans of FGFRs. We demonstrated that galectins bind N-glycan chains of the membrane-proximal D3 domain of FGFR1 and trigger differential clustering of FGFR1, resulting in activation of the receptor and initiation of downstream signaling cascades. Using engineered galectins with controlled valency, we provide evidence that N-glycosylation-dependent clustering of FGFR1 constitutes a mechanism for FGFR1 stimulation by galectins. We revealed that the consequences of galectin/FGFR signaling for cell physiology are markedly different from the effects induced by canonical FGF/FGFR units, with galectin/FGFR signaling affecting cell viability and metabolic activity. Furthermore, we showed that galectins are capable of activating an FGFR pool inaccessible for FGF1, enhancing the amplitude of transduced signals. Summarizing, our data identify a novel mechanism of FGFR activation, in which the information stored in the N-glycans of FGFRs provides previously unanticipated information about FGFRs' spatial distribution, which is differentially deciphered by distinct multivalent galectins, affecting signal transmission and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Zukowska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gedaj
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natalia Porebska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Pozniak
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Krzyscik
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czyrek
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Krowarsch
- Department of Protein Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland.
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