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Yang Y, Ren C, Xu X, Yang X, Shao W. Decoding the connection between SLE and DNA Sensors: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112446. [PMID: 38878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is recognized as a prevalent autoimmune disorder characterized by a multifaceted pathogenesis potentially influenced by a combination of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and hormonal regulation. The continuous study of immune system activation is especially intriguing. Analysis of blood samples from individuals with SLE reveals an abnormal increase in interferon levels, along with the existence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies. This evidence suggests that the development of SLE may be initiated by innate immunity. The presence of abnormal dsDNA fragments can activate DNA sensors within cells, particularly immune cells, leading to the initiation of downstream signaling cascades that result in the upregulation of relevant cytokines and the subsequent initiation of adaptive immune responses, such as B cell differentiation and T cell activation. The intricate pathogenesis of SLE results in DNA sensors exhibiting a wide range of functions in innate immune responses that are subject to variation based on cell types, developmental processes, downstream effector signaling pathways and other factors. The review aims to reorganize how DNA sensors influence signaling pathways and contribute to the development of SLE according to current studies, with the aspiration of furnishing valuable insights for future investigations into the pathological mechanisms of SLE and potential treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changhuai Ren
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwei Shao
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Técher H, Gopaul D, Heuzé J, Bouzalmad N, Leray B, Vernet A, Mettling C, Moreaux J, Pasero P, Lin YL. MRE11 and TREX1 control senescence by coordinating replication stress and interferon signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5423. [PMID: 38926338 PMCID: PMC11208572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49740-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) arrests cell proliferation in response to replication stress (RS) induced by oncogenes. OIS depends on the DNA damage response (DDR), but also on the cGAS-STING pathway, which detects cytosolic DNA and induces type I interferons (IFNs). Whether and how RS and IFN responses cooperate to promote OIS remains unknown. Here, we show that the induction of OIS by the H-RASV12 oncogene in immortalized human fibroblasts depends on the MRE11 nuclease. Indeed, treatment with the MRE11 inhibitor Mirin prevented RS, micronuclei formation and IFN response induced by RASV12. Overexpression of the cytosolic nuclease TREX1 also prevented OIS. Conversely, overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of TREX1 or treatment with IFN-β was sufficient to induce RS and DNA damage, independent of RASV12 induction. These data suggest that the IFN response acts as a positive feedback loop to amplify DDR in OIS through a process regulated by MRE11 and TREX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Técher
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284 - INSERM U1081, Nice, France
| | - Diyavarshini Gopaul
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Heuzé
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Nail Bouzalmad
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Baptiste Leray
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Vernet
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, UFR Medicine, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.
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3
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Braune M, Metelmann M, de Fallois J, Pfrepper C, Barrantes-Freer A, Hiller GGR, Unger S, Seelow E, Halbritter J, Pelz JO. Imbalance of the von Willebrand Factor - ADAMTS-13 axis in patients with retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S). Neurol Res Pract 2024; 6:32. [PMID: 38898536 PMCID: PMC11188181 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-024-00327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) is an ultra-rare, autosomal-dominant small vessel disease caused by loss-of-function variants in the gene TREX1. Recently, elevated serum levels of von Willebrand Factor Antigen (vWF-Ag) pointed to an underlying endotheliopathy, and microvascular ischemia was suggested to contribute to the neurodegeneration in RVCL-S. Aim of this study was to further elucidate the endotheliopathy in RVCL-S. METHODS vWF-Ag and ADAMTS-13 activity were repeatedly measured in two patients with genetically confirmed RVCL-S. Renal biopsy of both RVCL-S patients and autoptic brain, renal, hepatic, and pulmonary specimen of one patient with RVCL-S were examined immunohistochemically in comparison to matched controls. In addition, cerebral methylome analysis was performed in the autoptic brain specimen calculating differentially methylated positions compared to controls. RESULTS While vWF-Ag and activity was strongly elevated, ADAMTS-13 activity was low in RVCL-S and further decreased over the course of the disease. Autoptic brain specimen showed signs of thromboinflammation in cerebral small vessels, and vWF-Ag staining was strongly positive in cerebral and renal small vessels in RVCL-S, while only a light to moderate vWF-Ag staining was found in controls. Cerebral methylome analysis yielded 115 differentially methylated CpGs (p < 0.05) in the deceased RVCL-S patient compared to the eight controls without brain pathology. One of the hypomethylated genes coded for ADAMTS-13 (p = 0.00056). CONCLUSIONS These findings point to an imbalance of the vWF - ADAMTS-13 axis in patients with RVCL-S, that may finally lead to an accumulation of vWF-Ag in renal and cerebral small vessels. Elevated vWF-Ag levels may serve as an early serum marker reflecting disease activity. If confirmed, therapeutic approaches might aim at an inhibition of vWF-Ag or increase of ADAMTS-13 activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Braune
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Moritz Metelmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | | | - Christian Pfrepper
- Division of Haemostaseology, Medical Department I, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alonso Barrantes-Freer
- Paul-Flechsig-Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Susette Unger
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Seelow
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Halbritter
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johann Otto Pelz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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Maxwell MB, Hom-Tedla MS, Yi J, Li S, Rivera SA, Yu J, Burns MJ, McRae HM, Stevenson BT, Coakley KE, Ho J, Gastelum KB, Bell JC, Jones AC, Eskander RN, Dykhuizen EC, Shadel GS, Kaech SM, Hargreaves DC. ARID1A suppresses R-loop-mediated STING-type I interferon pathway activation of anti-tumor immunity. Cell 2024; 187:3390-3408.e19. [PMID: 38754421 PMCID: PMC11193641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials have identified ARID1A mutations as enriched among patients who respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in several solid tumor types independent of microsatellite instability. We show that ARID1A loss in murine models is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immune phenotypes observed in ARID1A mutant human cancers, including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity. ARID1A-deficient cancers upregulated an interferon (IFN) gene expression signature, the ARID1A-IFN signature, associated with increased R-loops and cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Overexpression of the R-loop resolving enzyme, RNASEH2B, or cytosolic DNase, TREX1, in ARID1A-deficient cells prevented cytosolic ssDNA accumulation and ARID1A-IFN gene upregulation. Further, the ARID1A-IFN signature and anti-tumor immunity were driven by STING-dependent type I IFN signaling, which was required for improved responsiveness of ARID1A mutant tumors to ICB treatment. These findings define a molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumor immunity in ARID1A mutant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Maxwell
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA; NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Marianne S Hom-Tedla
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jawoon Yi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shitian Li
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA; NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel A Rivera
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92092, USA; NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mannix J Burns
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Helen M McRae
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Braden T Stevenson
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katherine E Coakley
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Josephine Ho
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Joshua C Bell
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Alexander C Jones
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramez N Eskander
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diana C Hargreaves
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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5
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Vejvisithsakul PP, Thumarat C, Leelahavanichkul A, Hirankan N, Pisitkun T, Paludan SR, Pisitkun P. Elucidating the function of STING in systemic lupus erythematosus through the STING Goldenticket mouse mutant. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13968. [PMID: 38886451 PMCID: PMC11183220 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complexity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) arises from intricate genetic and environmental interactions, with STING playing a pivotal role. This study aims to comprehend the function of STING using the pristane-induced lupus (PIL) model in Sting missense mutant mice (Goldenticket or StingGt), which contrasts with previous research using Sting knockout mice. Investigating two-month-old StingGt mice over six months post-PIL induction, we observed a profound reduction in autoimmune markers, including antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies, germinal center B cells, and plasma cells, compared to their wild-type counterparts. A pivotal finding was the marked decrease in IL-17-producing T cells. Notably, the severity of lupus nephritis and pulmonary hemorrhages was significantly diminished in StingGt mice. These findings demonstrate that different genetic approaches to interfere with STING signaling can lead to contrasting outcomes in SLE pathogenesis, which highlights the need for a nuanced understanding of the role of STING in drug development for SLE. In summary, the loss of Sting function in Goldenticket mutant mice rescued autoimmune phenotypes in PIL. This study reveals the critical nature of STING in SLE, suggesting that the method of STING modulation significantly influences disease phenotypes and should be a key consideration in developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichpisith Pierre Vejvisithsakul
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chisanu Thumarat
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankan
- Centre of Excellent in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Prapaporn Pisitkun
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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6
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Yuan M, Peng L, Huang D, Gavin A, Luan F, Tran J, Feng Z, Zhu X, Matteson J, Wilson IA, Nemazee D. Structural and mechanistic insights into disease-associated endolysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4. Structure 2024; 32:766-779.e7. [PMID: 38537643 PMCID: PMC11162324 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Endolysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4 (phospholipases D3 and D4) are associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We report structures of these enzymes, and the molecular basis of their catalysis. The structures reveal an intra-chain dimer topology forming a basic active site at the interface. Like other PLD superfamily members, PLD3 and PLD4 carry HxKxxxxD/E motifs and participate in phosphodiester-bond cleavage. The enzymes digest ssDNA and ssRNA in a 5'-to-3' manner and are blocked by 5'-phosphorylation. We captured structures in apo, intermediate, and product states and revealed a "link-and-release" two-step catalysis. We also unexpectedly demonstrated phosphatase activity via a covalent 3-phosphohistidine intermediate. PLD4 contains an extra hydrophobic clamp that stabilizes substrate and could affect oligonucleotide substrate preference and product release. Biochemical and structural analysis of disease-associated mutants of PLD3/4 demonstrated reduced enzyme activity or thermostability and the possible basis for disease association. Furthermore, these findings provide insight into therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amanda Gavin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fangkun Luan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jenny Tran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne Matteson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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7
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Técher H. T-Rex escaped from the cytosolic park: Re-thinking the impact of TREX1 exonuclease deficiencies on genomic stability. Bioessays 2024:e2400066. [PMID: 38837436 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) has been implicated in several pathologies characterized by chronic and inborn inflammation. Aberrant innate immunity caused by DNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathway has been proposed to play a major role in the etiology of these interferonopathies. However, the molecular source of this DNA sensing and the possible involvement of TREX1 in genome (in)stability remains poorly understood. Recent findings reignite the debate about the cellular functions performed by TREX1 nuclease, notably in chromosome biology and stability. Here I put into perspective recent findings that suggest that TREX1 is at the crossroads of DNA damage response and inflammation in different pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Técher
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice - IRCAN, Nice, France
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8
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Toufektchan E, Dananberg A, Striepen J, Hickling JH, Shim A, Chen Y, Nichols A, Duran Paez MA, Mohr L, Bakhoum SF, Maciejowski J. Intratumoral TREX1 Induction Promotes Immune Evasion by Limiting Type I IFN. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:673-686. [PMID: 38408184 PMCID: PMC11148545 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a hallmark of human cancer that is associated with aggressive disease characteristics. Chromosome mis-segregations help fuel natural selection, but they risk provoking a cGAS-STING immune response through the accumulation of cytosolic DNA. The mechanisms of how tumors benefit from chromosomal instability while mitigating associated risks, such as enhanced immune surveillance, are poorly understood. Here, we identify cGAS-STING-dependent upregulation of the nuclease TREX1 as an adaptive, negative feedback mechanism that promotes immune evasion through digestion of cytosolic DNA. TREX1 loss diminishes tumor growth, prolongs survival of host animals, increases tumor immune infiltration, and potentiates response to immune checkpoint blockade selectively in tumors capable of mounting a type I IFN response downstream of STING. Together, these data demonstrate that TREX1 induction shields chromosomally unstable tumors from immune surveillance by dampening type I IFN production and suggest that TREX1 inhibitors might be used to selectively target tumors that have retained the inherent ability to mount an IFN response downstream of STING. See related article by Lim et al., p. 663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Toufektchan
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexandra Dananberg
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Josefine Striepen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James H. Hickling
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Abraham Shim
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Yanyang Chen
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ashley Nichols
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mercedes A. Duran Paez
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lisa Mohr
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - John Maciejowski
- Molecular Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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9
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Prakash P, Khodke P, Balasubramaniam M, Davids BO, Hollis T, Davis J, Kumbhar B, Dash C. Three prime repair exonuclease 1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA through favorable kinetics, thermodynamic, structural, and conformational properties. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107438. [PMID: 38838778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 integration into the human genome is dependent on 3'-processing of the viral DNA. Recently, we reported that the cellular Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) enhances HIV-1 integration by degrading the unprocessed viral DNA, while the integration-competent 3'-processed DNA remained resistant. Here, we describe the mechanism by which the 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA resists TREX1-mediated degradation. Our kinetic studies revealed that the rate of cleavage (kcat) of the 3'-processed DNA was significantly lower (approximately 2-2.5-fold) than the unprocessed HIV-1 DNA by TREX1. The kcat values of human TREX1 for the processed U5 and U3 DNA substrates were 3.8 s-1 and 4.5 s-1, respectively. In contrast, the unprocessed U5 and U3 substrates were cleaved at 10.2 s-1 and 9.8 s-1, respectively. The efficiency of degradation (kcat/Km) of the 3'-processed DNA (U5-70.2 and U3-28.05 pM-1s-1) was also significantly lower than the unprocessed DNA (U5-103.1 and U3-65.3 pM-1s-1). Furthermore, the binding affinity (Kd) of TREX1 was markedly lower (∼2-fold) for the 3'-processed DNA than the unprocessed DNA. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed distinct conformational binding modes of TREX1 with the 3'-processed and unprocessed HIV-1 DNA. Particularly, the unprocessed DNA was favorably positioned in the active site with polar interactions with the catalytic residues of TREX1. Additionally, a stable complex was formed between TREX1 and the unprocessed DNA compared the 3'-processed DNA. These results pinpoint the mechanism by which TREX1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA and reveal the unique structural and conformational properties of the integration-competent 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Purva Khodke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be-) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benem-Orom Davids
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bajarang Kumbhar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed-to-be-) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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10
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Yang H, Liu T, Zhao J, Li H, Wei Z, Hou X, Chen Y, Wen J, Li C, Zhao J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Xiao X, Bai Z. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill effectively alleviates cGAS-STING-triggered diseases by disrupting STING-TBK1 interaction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155404. [PMID: 38507852 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) pathway is critical in the innate immune system and can be mobilized by cytosolic DNA. The various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases progression is highly correlated with aberrant cGAS-STING pathway activation. While some cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor were identified, there are no drugs that can be applied to the clinic. Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) has been successfully used in clinic around the world, but the most common application is limited to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine whether CDDP inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway and could be used as a therapeutic agent for multiple cGAS-STING-triggered diseases. METHODS BMDMs, THP1 cells or Trex1-/- BMDMs were stimulated with various cGAS-STING-agonists after pretreatment with CDDP to detect the function of CDDP on IFN-β and ISGs productionn. Next, we detect the influence on IRF3 and P65 nuclear translocation, STING oligomerization and STING-TBK1-IRF3 complex formation of CDDP. Additionally, the DMXAA-mediated activation mice model of cGAS-STING pathway was used to study the effects of CDDP. Trex1-/- mice model and HFD-mediated obesity model were established to clarify the efficacy of CDDP on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. RESULTS CDDP efficacy suppressed the IRF3 phosphorylation or the generation of IFN-β, ISGs, IL-6 and TNF-α. Mechanistically, CDDP did not influence the STING oligomerization and IRF3-TBK1 and STING-IRF3 interaction, but remarkably eliminated the STING-TBK1 interaction, ultimately blocking the downstream responses. In addition, we also clarified that CDDP could suppress cGAS-STING pathway activation triggered by DMXAA, in vivo. Consistently, CDDP could alleviate multi-organ inflammatory responses in Trex1-/- mice model and attenuate the inflammatory disorders, incleding obesity-induced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION CDDP is a specifically cGAS-STING pathway inhibitor. Furthermore, we provide novel mechanism for CDDP and discovered a clinical agent for the therapy of cGAS-STING-triggered inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, China.
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11
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Liu H, Zhen C, Xie J, Luo Z, Zeng L, Zhao G, Lu S, Zhuang H, Fan H, Li X, Liu Z, Lin S, Jiang H, Chen Y, Cheng J, Cao Z, Dai K, Shi J, Wang Z, Hu Y, Meng T, Zhou C, Han Z, Huang H, Zhou Q, He P, Feng D. TFAM is an autophagy receptor that limits inflammation by binding to cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:878-891. [PMID: 38783142 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
When cells are stressed, DNA from energy-producing mitochondria can leak out and drive inflammatory immune responses if not cleared. Cells employ a quality control system called autophagy to specifically degrade damaged components. We discovered that mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)-a protein that binds mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-helps to eliminate leaked mtDNA by interacting with the autophagy protein LC3 through an autolysosomal pathway (we term this nucleoid-phagy). TFAM contains a molecular zip code called the LC3 interacting region (LIR) motif that enables this binding. Although mutating TFAM's LIR motif did not affect its normal mitochondrial functions, more mtDNA accumulated in the cell cytoplasm, activating inflammatory signalling pathways. Thus, TFAM mediates autophagic removal of leaked mtDNA to restrict inflammation. Identifying this mechanism advances understanding of how cells exploit autophagy machinery to selectively target and degrade inflammatory mtDNA. These findings could inform research on diseases involving mitochondrial damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng City, China
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Cien Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jianming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhuan Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Jiang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuchu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huansen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng He
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Heyuan People's Hospital, Heyuan, China
| | - Du Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China.
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Yang M, Gao L, Gao Y, Hao Z, Zhou X, Su G, Bai C, Wei Z, Liu X, Yang L, Li G. Inactivation of Myostatin Delays Senescence via TREX1-SASP in Bovine Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5277. [PMID: 38791317 PMCID: PMC11120739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The myostatin (MSTN) gene also regulates the developmental balance of skeletal muscle after birth, and has long been linked to age-related muscle wasting. Many rodent studies have shown a correlation between MSTN and age-related diseases. It is unclear how MSTN and age-associated muscle loss in other animals are related. In this study, we utilized MSTN gene-edited bovine skeletal muscle cells to investigate the mechanisms relating to MSTN and muscle cell senescence. The expression of MSTN was higher in older individuals than in younger individuals. We obtained consecutively passaged senescent cells and performed senescence index assays and transcriptome sequencing. We found that senescence hallmarks and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were decreased in long-term-cultured myostatin inactivated (MT-KO) bovine skeletal muscle cells (bSMCs). Using cell signaling profiling, MSTN was shown to regulate the SASP, predominantly through the cycle GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of antiviral genes (cGAS-STING) pathway. An in-depth investigation by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that MSTN influenced three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) expression through the SMAD2/3 complex. The downregulation of MSTN contributed to the activation of the MSTN-SMAD2/3-TREX1 signaling axis, influencing the secretion of SASP, and consequently delaying the senescence of bSMCs. This study provided valuable new insight into the role of MSTN in cell senescence in large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (M.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.Z.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; (M.Y.); (L.G.); (Y.G.); (Z.H.); (X.Z.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (Z.W.); (X.L.)
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13
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Dorrity TJ, Shin H, Gertie JA, Chung H. The Sixth Sense: Self-nucleic acid sensing in the brain. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:53-83. [PMID: 38763702 PMCID: PMC11186578 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Our innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as a first line of defense to detect microbial ligands and initiate an immune response. Viral nucleic acids are key ligands for the activation of many PRRs and the induction of downstream inflammatory and antiviral effects. Initially it was thought that endogenous (self) nucleic acids rarely activated these PRRs, however emerging evidence indicates that endogenous nucleic acids are able to activate host PRRs in homeostasis and disease. In fact, many regulatory mechanisms are in place to finely control and regulate sensing of self-nucleic acids by PRRs. Sensing of self-nucleic acids is particularly important in the brain, as perturbations to nucleic acid sensing commonly leads to neuropathology. This review will highlight the role of nucleic acid sensors in the brain, both in disease and homeostasis. We also indicate the source of endogenous stimulatory nucleic acids where known and summarize future directions for the study of this growing field.
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Key Words
- Brain
- DNA sensing PRRs: cGAS, AIM2, TLR9
- Neurodegeneration: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS), Alzheimer's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Stroke, Traumatic brain injury
- Neurodevelopment
- Neuroinflammation
- Nuecleic acid immunity
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
- RNA sensing PRRs: MDA5, RIG-I, PKR, TLR3, TLR7/8
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Dorrity
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Heegwon Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jake A Gertie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States; Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hachung Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.
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14
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Yao H, Wu Y, Zhong Y, Huang C, Guo Z, Jin Y, Wang X. Role of c-Fos in DNA damage repair. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31216. [PMID: 38327128 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
c-Fos, a member of the immediate early gene, serves as a widely used marker of neuronal activation induced by various types of brain damage. In addition, c-Fos is believed to play a regulatory role in DNA damage repair. This paper reviews the literature on c-Fos' involvement in the regulation of DNA damage repair and indicates that genes of the Fos family can be induced by various forms of DNA damage. In addition, cells lacking c-Fos have difficulties in DNA repair. c-Fos is involved in tumorigenesis and progression as a proto-oncogene that maintains cancer cell survival, which may also be related to DNA repair. c-Fos may impact the repair of DNA damage by regulating the expression of downstream proteins, including ATR, ERCC1, XPF, and others. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms necessitate further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zimo Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Yang K, Jeltema D, Yan N. Innate immune sensing of macromolecule homeostasis. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:17-51. [PMID: 38763701 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system uses a distinct set of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors to recognize molecular patterns initially thought to be unique to microbial invaders, named pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The concept was later further developed to include similar molecular patterns originating from host cells during tissue damage, known as damage-associated molecular patterns. However, recent advances in the mechanism of monogenic inflammatory diseases have highlighted a much more expansive repertoire of cellular functions that are monitored by innate immunity. Here, we summarize several examples in which an innate immune response is triggered when homeostasis of macromolecule in the cell is disrupted in non-infectious or sterile settings. These ever-growing sensing mechanisms expand the repertoire of innate immune recognition, positioning it not only as a key player in host defense but also as a gatekeeper of cellular homeostasis. Therapeutics inspired by these advances to restore cellular homeostasis and correct the immune system could have far-reaching implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Devon Jeltema
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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16
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Prakash P, Khodke P, Balasubramaniam M, Davids BO, Hollis T, Davis J, Pandhare J, Kumbhar B, Dash C. Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA through favorable kinetics, thermodynamic, structural and conformational properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585766. [PMID: 38562877 PMCID: PMC10983988 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 integration into the human genome is dependent on 3'-processing of the reverse transcribed viral DNA. Recently, we reported that the cellular Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) enhances HIV-1 integration by degrading the unprocessed viral DNA, while the integration-competent 3'-processed DNA remained resistant. Here, we describe the mechanism by which the 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA resists TREX1-mediated degradation. Our kinetic studies revealed that the rate of cleavage (kcat) of the 3'-processed DNA was significantly lower than the unprocessed HIV-1 DNA by TREX1. The efficiency of degradation (kcat/KM) of the 3'-processed DNA was also significantly lower than the unprocessed DNA. Furthermore, the binding affinity (Kd) of TREX1 was markedly lower to the 3'-processed DNA compared to the unprocessed DNA. Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed distinct conformational binding modes of TREX1 with the 3'-processed and unprocessed HIV-1 DNA. Particularly, the unprocessed DNA was favorably positioned in the active site with polar interactions with the catalytic residues of TREX1. Additionally, a stable complex was formed between TREX1 and the unprocessed DNA compared the 3'-processed DNA. These results pinpoint the biochemical mechanism by which TREX1 preferentially degrades the integration-incompetent HIV-1 DNA and reveal the unique structural and conformational properties of the integration-competent 3'-processed HIV-1 DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Purva Khodke
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Muthukumar Balasubramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Benem-Orom Davids
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York City, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jamaine Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Jui Pandhare
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
| | - Bajarang Kumbhar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, NMIMS University, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, 37208, USA
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17
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Krupina K, Goginashvili A, Cleveland DW. Scrambling the genome in cancer: causes and consequences of complex chromosome rearrangements. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:196-210. [PMID: 37938738 PMCID: PMC10922386 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-023-00663-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex chromosome rearrangements, known as chromoanagenesis, are widespread in cancer. Based on large-scale DNA sequencing of human tumours, the most frequent type of complex chromosome rearrangement is chromothripsis, a massive, localized and clustered rearrangement of one (or a few) chromosomes seemingly acquired in a single event. Chromothripsis can be initiated by mitotic errors that produce a micronucleus encapsulating a single chromosome or chromosomal fragment. Rupture of the unstable micronuclear envelope exposes its chromatin to cytosolic nucleases and induces chromothriptic shattering. Found in up to half of tumours included in pan-cancer genomic analyses, chromothriptic rearrangements can contribute to tumorigenesis through inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, activation of proto-oncogenes, or gene amplification through the production of self-propagating extrachromosomal circular DNAs encoding oncogenes or genes conferring anticancer drug resistance. Here, we discuss what has been learned about the mechanisms that enable these complex genomic rearrangements and their consequences in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Krupina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Goginashvili
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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18
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Goldberg G, Coelho L, Mo G, Adang LA, Patne M, Chen Z, Garcia-Bassets I, Mesci P, Muotri AR. TREX1 is required for microglial cholesterol homeostasis and oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation in human neural assembloids. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:566-579. [PMID: 38129659 PMCID: PMC11153041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) gene mutations have been associated with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) - a rare, severe pediatric autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the brain and has a poorly understood etiology. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages indispensable for brain development and implicated in multiple neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the role of TREX1 - a DNase that cleaves cytosolic nucleic acids, preventing viral- and autoimmune-related inflammatory responses - in microglia biology remains to be elucidated. Here, we leverage a model of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived engineered microglia-like cells, bulk, and single-cell transcriptomics, optical and transmission electron microscopy, and three-month-old assembloids composed of microglia and oligodendrocyte-containing organoids to interrogate TREX1 functions in human microglia. Our analyses suggest that TREX1 influences cholesterol metabolism, leading to an active microglial morphology with increased phagocytosis in the absence of TREX1. Notably, regulating cholesterol metabolism with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, FDA-approved atorvastatin, rescues these microglial phenotypes. Functionally, TREX1 in microglia is necessary for the transition from gliogenic intermediate progenitors known as pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (pre-OPCs) to precursors of the oligodendrocyte lineage known as OPCs, impairing oligodendrogenesis in favor of astrogliogenesis in human assembloids. Together, these results suggest routes for therapeutic intervention in pathologies such as AGS based on microglia-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Luisa Coelho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Guoya Mo
- Universal Sequencing Technology Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, 92011, USA
| | - Laura A Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Patne
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhoutao Chen
- Universal Sequencing Technology Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, 92011, USA
| | | | - Pinar Mesci
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Axiom Space, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA) and Archealization (ArchC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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19
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Zhao JM, Su ZH, Han QY, Wang M, Liu X, Li J, Huang SY, Chen J, Li XW, Chen XY, Guo ZL, Jiang S, Pan J, Li T, Xue W, Zhou T. Deficiency of Trex1 leads to spontaneous development of type 1 diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38166933 PMCID: PMC10763031 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune condition, characterized by destruction of insulin-producing cells, due to the detrimental inflammation in pancreas. Growing evidences have indicated the important role of type I interferon in the development of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Trex1-deficient rats were generated by using CRISPR-Cas9. The fasting blood glucose level of rat was measured by a Roche Accuchek blood glucose monitor. The levels of insulin, islet autoantibodies, and interferon-β were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The inflammatory genes were detected by quantitative PCR and RNA-seq. Hematein-eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes in pancreas, eye and kidney. The pathological features of kidney were also detected by Masson trichrome and periodic acid-Schiff staining. The distribution of islet cells, immune cells or ssDNA in pancreas was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS In this study, we established a Trex1-deletion Sprague Dawley rat model, and unexpectedly, we found that the Trex1-/- rats spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes. Similar to human diabetes, the hyperglycemia in rats is accompanied by diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy and cataract. Mechanistical investigation revealed the accumulation of ssDNA and the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-β, in Trex1 null pancreas. These are likely contributing to the inflammation in pancreas and eventually leading to the decline of pancreatic β cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study links the DNA-induced chronic inflammation to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and also provides an animal model for type 1 diabetes studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Man Zhao
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xia-Ying Chen
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zeng-Lin Guo
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, Zhejiang Province, China.
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20
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Jiang H, Chan YW. Chromatin bridges: stochastic breakage or regulated resolution? Trends Genet 2024; 40:69-82. [PMID: 37891096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic material is organized in the form of chromosomes, which need to be segregated accurately into two daughter cells in each cell cycle. However, chromosome fusion or the presence of unresolved interchromosomal linkages lead to the formation of chromatin bridges, which can induce DNA lesions and genome instability. Persistent chromatin bridges are trapped in the cleavage furrow and are broken at or after abscission, the final step of cytokinesis. In this review, we focus on recent progress in understanding the mechanism of bridge breakage and resolution. We discuss the molecular machinery and enzymes that have been implicated in the breakage and processing of bridge DNA. In addition, we outline both the immediate outcomes and genomic consequences induced by bridge breakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Jiang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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21
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Huang KW, Wu CY, Toh SI, Liu TC, Tu CI, Lin YH, Cheng AJ, Kao YT, Chu JW, Hsiao YY. Molecular insight into the specific enzymatic properties of TREX1 revealing the diverse functions in processing RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11927-11940. [PMID: 37870446 PMCID: PMC10681709 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In various autoimmune diseases, dysfunctional TREX1 (Three prime Repair Exonuclease 1) leads to accumulation of endogenous single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and DNA/RNA hybrids in the cytoplasm and triggers immune activation through the cGAS-STING pathway. Although inhibition of TREX1 could be a useful strategy for cancer immunotherapy, profiling cellular functions in terms of its potential substrates is a key step. Particularly important is the functionality of processing DNA/RNA hybrids and RNA substrates. The exonuclease activity measurements conducted here establish that TREX1 can digest both ssRNA and DNA/RNA hybrids but not dsRNA. The newly solved structures of TREX1-RNA product and TREX1-nucleotide complexes show that 2'-OH does not impose steric hindrance or specific interactions for the recognition of RNA. Through all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we illustrate that the 2'-OH-mediated intra-chain hydrogen bonding in RNA would affect the binding with TREX1 and thereby reduce the exonuclease activity. This notion of higher conformational rigidity in RNA leading TREX1 to exhibit weaker catalytic cleavage is further validated by the binding affinity measurements with various synthetic DNA-RNA junctions. The results of this work thus provide new insights into the mechanism by which TREX1 processes RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids and contribute to the molecular-level understanding of the complex cellular functions of TREX1 as an exonuclease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Wei Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ing Toh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chang Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Chun-I Tu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsin Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - An-Ju Cheng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Wei Chu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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22
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Yuan M, Peng L, Huang D, Gavin A, Luan F, Tran J, Feng Z, Zhu X, Matteson J, Wilson IA, Nemazee D. Structural and mechanistic insights into disease-associated endolysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567917. [PMID: 38045427 PMCID: PMC10690185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4 (phospholipases D3 and D4) are associated with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We report structures of these enzymes, and the molecular basis of their catalysis. The structures reveal an intra-chain dimer topology forming a basic active site at the interface. Like other PLD superfamily members, PLD3 and PLD4 carry HxKxxxxD/E motifs and participate in phosphodiester-bond cleavage. The enzymes digest ssDNA and ssRNA in a 5'-to-3' manner and are blocked by 5'-phosphorylation. We captured structures in apo, intermediate, and product states and revealed a 'link-and-release' two-step catalysis. We also unexpectedly demonstrated phosphatase activity via a covalent 3' phosphistidine intermediate. PLD4 contains an extra hydrophobic clamp that stabilizes substrate and could affect oligonucleotide substrate preference and product release. Biochemical and structural analysis of disease-associated mutants of PLD3/4 demonstrated reduced enzyme activity or thermostability and the possible basis for disease association. Furthermore, these findings provide insight into therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- These authors contribute equally
| | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- These authors contribute equally
| | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- These authors contribute equally
- Present address: Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Amanda Gavin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fangkun Luan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jenny Tran
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ziqi Feng
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xueyong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeanne Matteson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Zhu J, Liu S, Fang J, Cui Z, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu L, Wang Q, Cao X. Enzymolysis-based RNA pull-down identifies YTHDC2 as an inhibitor of antiviral innate response. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113192. [PMID: 37776518 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response must be terminated in a timely manner at the late stage of infection to prevent unwanted inflammation. The role of m6A-modified RNAs and their binding partners in this process is not well known. Here, we develop an enzymolysis-based RNA pull-down (eRP) method that utilizes the immunoglobulin G-degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) to fish out m6A-modified RNA-associated proteins. We apply eRP to capture the methylated single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) probe-associated proteins and identify YT521-B homology domain-containing 2 (YTHDC2) as the m6A-modified interferon β (IFN-β) mRNA-binding protein. YTHDC2, induced in macrophages at the late stage of virus infection, recruits IFN-stimulated exonuclease ISG20 (IFN-stimulated exonuclease gene 20) to degrade IFN-β mRNA, consequently inhibiting antiviral innate immune response. In vitro and in vivo deficiency of YTHDC2 increases IFN-β production at the late stage of viral infection. Our findings establish an eRP method to effectively identify RNA-protein interactions and add mechanistic insight to the termination of innate response for maintaining homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zenghui Cui
- Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yuzhou Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Frontier Research Center for Cell Response, Institute of Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China.
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24
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Zhang J, Dai H, Huo L, Burks JK, McGrail DJ, Lin SY. Cytosolic DNA accumulation promotes breast cancer immunogenicity via a STING-independent pathway. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007560. [PMID: 37907220 PMCID: PMC10619126 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, ICB alone has demonstrated only benefit in a small subset of patients with breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that agents targeting DNA damage response improve the efficacy of ICB and promote cytosolic DNA accumulation. However, recent clinical trials have shown that these agents are associated with hematological toxicities. More effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. METHODS Primary triple negative breast cancer tumors were stained for cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using multiplex immunohistochemical staining. To increase cytosolic ssDNA, we genetically silenced TREX1. The role of tumor cytosolic ssDNA in promoting tumor immunogenicity and antitumor immune response was evaluated using murine breast cancer models. RESULTS We found the tumorous cytosolic ssDNA is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in patients with triple negative breast cancer. TREX1 deficiency triggered a STING-independent innate immune response via DDX3X. Cytosolic ssDNA accumulation in tumors due to TREX1 deletion is sufficient to drastically improve the efficacy of ICB. We further identified a cytosolic ssDNA inducer CEP-701, which sensitized breast tumors to ICB without the toxicities associated with inhibiting DNA damage response. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrated that cytosolic ssDNA accumulation promotes breast cancer immunogenicity and may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of ICB with minimal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui Dai
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Huo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Texas, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Texas, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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25
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Chauvin SD, Stinson WA, Platt DJ, Poddar S, Miner JJ. Regulation of cGAS and STING signaling during inflammation and infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104866. [PMID: 37247757 PMCID: PMC10316007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a sensor of cyclic dinucleotides including cyclic GMP-AMP, which is produced by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) in response to cytosolic DNA. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as fundamental cellular functions such as autophagy, senescence, and apoptosis. Mutations leading to constitutive activation of STING cause devastating human diseases. Thus, the cGAS-STING pathway is of great interest because of its role in diverse cellular processes and because of the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cGAS and STING. Here, we review molecular and cellular mechanisms of STING signaling, and we propose a framework for understanding the immunological and other cellular functions of STING in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Chauvin
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Alexander Stinson
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Derek J Platt
- Department Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Subhajit Poddar
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan J Miner
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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26
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Queiroz MAF, Moura TCF, Bichara CDA, Lima LLPD, Oliveira AQTD, Souza RGD, Gomes STM, Amoras EDSG, Vallinoto ACR. TREX1 531C/T Polymorphism and Autoantibodies Associated with the Immune Status of HIV-1-Infected Individuals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119660. [PMID: 37298611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases can develop during HIV-1 infection, mainly related to the individual's immune competence. The study investigated the association of the TREX1 531C/T polymorphism and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in HIV-1 infection and the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) used. Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessments were carried out in 150 individuals, divided into three groups: ART-naïve, 5 years and 10 years on ART; ART-naïve individuals were evaluated for 2 years after initiation of treatment. The individuals' blood samples were submitted to indirect immunofluorescence tests, real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was associated with higher levels of TCD4+ lymphocytes and IFN-α in individuals with HIV-1. Individuals on ART had a higher frequency of ANA, higher levels of T CD4+ lymphocytes, a higher ratio of T CD4+/CD8+ lymphocytes and higher levels of IFN-α than therapy-naïve individuals (p < 0.05). The TREX1 531C/T polymorphism was associated with better maintenance of the immune status of individuals with HIV-1 and ANA with immune restoration in individuals on ART, indicating the need to identify individuals at risk of developing an autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Tuane Carolina Ferreira Moura
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Carlos David Araújo Bichara
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | - Allysson Quintino Tenório de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Ranilda Gama de Souza
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Carlos Rosário Vallinoto
- Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
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Li XW, Yuan SC, Wang M, Su ZH, Zhao M, Li T, Zhang XM, Xue W, Li WH. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates autoimmune responses through suppression of intracellular nucleic acid-mediated type I interferon expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:73-80. [PMID: 37364388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of intracellular nucleic acids is a vital step for host to mount prompt immune responses against microbial pathogens. However, inappropriate response to self-nucleic acids leads to sustained type I interferon (IFN) production, which is implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases, such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS). Therefore, effective confinement of intracellular nucleic acid-induced IFN expression is a potential strategy for the treatment of such autoimmune diseases. In this study, we found that rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural compound isolated from rosemary, inhibits intracellular nucleic acid-stimulated IFN expression. Mechanistic investigation revealed that RA binds to both G3BP1 and cGAS, and impairs cGAS activation through disrupting the binding of DNA with cGAS. More importantly, we showed that RA could effectively attenuate the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the well-established cell models for AGS. Thus, our study provides a promising compound for the treatment of autoimmune responses induced by aberrant nucleic acid-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Sen-Chao Yuan
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Su
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Diaz J, Kuhlman BM, Edenhoffer NP, Evans AC, Martin KA, Guida P, Rusek A, Atala A, Coleman MA, Wilson PF, Almeida-Porada G, Porada CD. Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs). FRONTIERS IN ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCES 2023; 10:1117811. [PMID: 38741937 PMCID: PMC11089821 DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2023.1117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) will expose astronauts to ionizing radiation (IR) in the form of solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) including high atomic number and energy (HZE) nuclei. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is documented to be highly radiosensitive with even relatively low dose IR exposures capable of inducing mucosal lesions and disrupting epithelial barrier function. IR is also an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) with several studies examining long-term GI effects of SEP/GCR exposure using tumor-prone APC mouse models. Studies of acute short-term effects of modeled space radiation exposures in wildtype mouse models are more limited and necessary to better define charged particle-induced GI pathologies and test novel medical countermeasures (MCMs) to promote astronaut safety. Methods In this study, we performed ground-based studies where male and female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to γ-rays, 50 MeV protons, or 1 GeV/n Fe-56 ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) with histology and immunohistochemistry endpoints measured in the first 24 h post-irradiation to define immediate SEP/GCR-induced GI alterations. Results Our data show that unlike matched γ-ray controls, acute exposures to protons and iron ions disrupts intestinal function and induces mucosal lesions, vascular congestion, epithelial barrier breakdown, and marked enlargement of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. We also measured kinetics of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair using gamma-H2AX- specific antibodies and apoptosis via TUNEL labeling, noting the induction and disappearance of extranuclear cytoplasmic DNA marked by gamma-H2AX only in the charged particle-irradiated samples. We show that 18 h pre-treatment with curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein particles (cNLPs) delivered via IV injection reduces DSB-associated foci levels and apoptosis and restore crypt villi lengths. Discussion These data improve our understanding of physiological alterations in the GI tract immediately following exposures to modeled space radiations and demonstrates effectiveness of a promising space radiation MCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Diaz
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bradford M. Kuhlman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - Angela C. Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Kelly A. Martin
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Peter Guida
- NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Adam Rusek
- NASA Space Radiation Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States
| | - Paul F. Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States
| | - Graça Almeida-Porada
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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Carney SV, Banerjee K, Mujeeb A, Zhu B, Haase S, Varela ML, Kadiyala P, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Mukherji D, Gorla P, Sun Y, Tagett R, Núñez FJ, Luo M, Luo W, Ljungman M, Liu Y, Xia Z, Schwendeman A, Qin T, Sartor MA, Costello JF, Cahill DP, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Zinc Finger MYND-Type Containing 8 (ZMYND8) Is Epigenetically Regulated in Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) Glioma to Promote Radioresistance. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1763-1782. [PMID: 36692427 PMCID: PMC10159884 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) alters the epigenetic regulation of chromatin, leading to a hypermethylation phenotype in adult glioma. This work focuses on identifying gene targets epigenetically dysregulated by mIDH1 to confer therapeutic resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated changes in the transcriptome and epigenome in a radioresistant mIDH1 patient-derived glioma cell culture (GCC) following treatment with an mIDH1-specific inhibitor, AGI-5198. We identified Zinc Finger MYND-Type Containing 8 (ZMYND8) as a potential target of mIDH1 reprogramming. We suppressed ZMYND8 expression by shRNA knockdown and genetic knockout (KO) in mIDH1 glioma cells and then assessed cellular viability to IR. We assessed the sensitivity of mIDH1 GCCS to pharmacologic inhibition of ZMYND8-interacting partners: HDAC, BRD4, and PARP. RESULTS Inhibition of mIDH1 leads to an upregulation of gene networks involved in replication stress. We found that the expression of ZMYND8, a regulator of DNA damage response, was decreased in three patient-derived mIDH1 GCCs after treatment with AGI-5198. Knockdown of ZMYND8 expression sensitized mIDH1 GCCs to radiotherapy marked by decreased cellular viability. Following IR, mIDH1 glioma cells with ZMYND8 KO exhibit significant phosphorylation of ATM and sustained γH2AX activation. ZMYND8 KO mIDH1 GCCs were further responsive to IR when treated with either BRD4 or HDAC inhibitors. PARP inhibition further enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy in ZMYND8 KO mIDH1 glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the impact of ZMYND8 in the maintenance of genomic integrity and repair of IR-induced DNA damage in mIDH1 glioma. See related commentary by Sachdev et al., p. 1648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V. Carney
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anzar Mujeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brandon Zhu
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria L. Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claire E. Tronrud
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Devarshi Mukherji
- Neuroscience, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, the Arts (LSA), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Preethi Gorla
- Neuroscience, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, the Arts (LSA), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Felipe J. Núñez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maowu Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph F. Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143 USA
| | - Daniel P. Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Bryan C, Le J, Wei X, Yang K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 repairs abasic site-mediated DNA-peptide/protein cross-links. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 126:103501. [PMID: 37075541 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (yApn1) is a key player of the base excision repair pathway. This multifunctional enzyme is an AP endonuclease, 3'-5' exonuclease, 3'-phosphodiesterase, and participates in nucleotide incision repair. To the best of our knowledge, the known substrates of yApn1 are small DNA lesions such as AP sites and 3'-phospho-α,β-unsaturated aldehyde (3'-PUA). Here, we wish to report in vitro findings that yApn1 repairs bulky DNA-peptide cross-links (DpCs) and DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) arising from AP sites and 3'-PUA. We chemically synthesized stable and linkage-defined DpCs and DPCs by oxime ligation and reductive amination, respectively. Our steady-state kinetic data showed that yApn1 repairs a 10-mer peptide-conjugated AP site and 3'-PUA with comparable efficiencies to that of processing the unconjugated lesions. We demonstrated that yApn1 is the predominant enzyme that incises AP-DpC in yeast cell extracts. We also demonstrated that yApn1 incises AP-DPCs in a DPC size-dependent manner, and prior DPC proteolysis by trypsin facilitates the repair. We further found that yApn1 removes 3'-PUA-histone DPCs with moderate efficiencies. Together, our results uncovered a novel role of yApn1 in DPC repair, and support the emerging model that proteolysis is required for efficient DPC repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Bryan
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer Le
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Xiaoying Wei
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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31
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Jiang H, Kong N, Liu Z, West SC, Chan YW. Human Endonuclease ANKLE1 Localizes at the Midbody and Processes Chromatin Bridges to Prevent DNA Damage and cGAS-STING Activation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204388. [PMID: 36825683 PMCID: PMC10131833 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin bridges connecting the two segregating daughter nuclei arise from chromosome fusion or unresolved interchromosomal linkage. Persistent chromatin bridges are trapped in the cleavage plane, triggering cytokinesis delay. The trapped bridges occasionally break during cytokinesis, inducing DNA damage and chromosomal rearrangements. Recently, Caenorhabditis elegans LEM-3 and human TREX1 nucleases have been shown to process chromatin bridges. Here, it is shown that ANKLE1 endonuclease, the human ortholog of LEM-3, accumulates at the bulge-like structure of the midbody via its N-terminal ankyrin repeats. Importantly, ANKLE1-/- knockout cells display an elevated level of G1-specific 53BP1 nuclear bodies, prolonged activation of the DNA damage response, and replication stress. Increased DNA damage observed in ANKLE1-/- cells is rescued by inhibiting actin polymerization or reducing actomyosin contractility. ANKLE1 does not act in conjunction with structure-selective endonucleases, GEN1 and MUS81 in resolving recombination intermediates. Instead, ANKLE1 acts on chromatin bridges by priming TREX1 nucleolytic activity and cleaving bridge DNA to prevent the formation of micronuclei and cytosolic dsDNA that activate the cGAS-STING pathway. It is therefore proposed that ANKLE1 prevents DNA damage and autoimmunity by cleaving chromatin bridges to avoid catastrophic breakage mediated by actomyosin contractile forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Jiang
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Nannan Kong
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Zeyuan Liu
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
| | - Stephen C. West
- The Francis Crick InstituteDNA Recombination and Repair Laboratory1 Midland RoadLondonNW1 1ATUK
| | - Ying Wai Chan
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong
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32
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Ran XB, Ding LW, Sun QY, Yang H, Said JW, Zhentang L, Madan V, Dakle P, Xiao JF, Loh X, Li Y, Xu L, Xiang XQ, Wang LZ, Goh BC, Lin DC, Chng WJ, Tan SY, Jha S, Koeffler HP. Targeting RNA Exonuclease XRN1 Potentiates Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2023; 83:922-938. [PMID: 36638333 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical responses achieved with immune checkpoint blockade therapy, the response rate is relatively low and only a subset of patients can benefit from the treatment. Aberrant RNA accumulation can mediate IFN signaling and stimulate an immune response, suggesting that targeting RNA decay machinery might sensitize tumor cells to immunotherapy. With this in mind, we identified an RNA exoribonuclease, XRN1, as a potential therapeutic target to suppress RNA decay and stimulate antitumor immunity. Silencing of XRN1 suppressed tumor growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice and potentiated immunotherapy efficacy, while silencing of XRN1 alone did not affect tumor growth in immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, XRN1 depletion activated IFN signaling and the viral defense pathway; both pathways play determinant roles in regulating immune evasion. Aberrant RNA-sensing signaling proteins (RIG-I/MAVS) mediated the expression of IFN genes, as depletion of each of them blunted the elevation of antiviral/IFN signaling in XRN1-silenced cells. Analysis of pan-cancer CRISPR-screening data indicated that IFN signaling triggered by XRN1 silencing is a common phenomenon, suggesting that the effect of XRN1 silencing may be extended to multiple types of cancers. Overall, XRN1 depletion triggers aberrant RNA-mediated IFN signaling, highlighting the importance of the aberrant RNA-sensing pathway in regulating immune responses. These findings provide the molecular rationale for developing XRN1 inhibitors and exploring their potential clinical application in combination with cancer immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting XRN1 activates an intracellular innate immune response mediated by RNA-sensing signaling and potentiates cancer immunotherapy efficacy, suggesting inhibition of RNA decay machinery as a novel strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Ran
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Santa Monica-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, California, Los Angeles
| | - Lao Zhentang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vikas Madan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pushkar Dakle
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Fen Xiao
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, California, Los Angeles
| | - Xinyi Loh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- College of life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, California, Los Angeles
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, California, Los Angeles
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Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
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Soybean product consumption decreases risk of gastric cancer: results from the Health Examinees Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1743-1753. [PMID: 36820884 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological findings on the association between soybean product consumption and gastric cancer risk remain inconsistent. We evaluated the relationship between soybean product consumption and the risk of gastric cancer in a prospective cohort study in Korea. METHODS This prospective cohort study included a total of 139,267 participants aged 40-69 years from the Health Examinees-Gem (HEXA-G) study between 2004 and 2013. Information on cancer diagnosis was retrieved from the Korea Central Cancer Registry until 31 December 2018. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% of confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of gastric cancer according to the consumption of soybean products were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS A total of 767 incident cases of gastric cancer occurred over an average follow-up period of 9.21 years. We found that men who consumed two servings per week had 37% lower risk of gastric cancer compared with who consume those who almost never consumed (HR for tofu consumption of more than two servings/week vs. almost never consumed was 0.63 (95% CI 0.45, 0.89); p for trend = 0.04). Among men with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m2, increased consumption of soybean paste (p for trend = 0.02) and tofu (HR 0.51 (95% CI 0.32, 0.82 for more than two servings/week vs. almost never consumed); p for trend = 0.01) was associated with decreased risk of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a high consumption of soybean products has a protective effect against gastric cancer.
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Li S, Kong L, Meng Y, Cheng C, Lemacon DS, Yang Z, Tan K, Cheruiyot A, Lu Z, You Z. Cytosolic DNA sensing by cGAS/STING promotes TRPV2-mediated Ca 2+ release to protect stressed replication forks. Mol Cell 2023; 83:556-573.e7. [PMID: 36696898 PMCID: PMC9974760 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The protection of DNA replication forks under stress is essential for genome maintenance and cancer suppression. One mechanism of fork protection involves an elevation in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which in turn activates CaMKK2 and AMPK to prevent uncontrolled fork processing by Exo1. How replication stress triggers [Ca2+]i elevation is unclear. Here, we report a role of cytosolic self-DNA (cytosDNA) and the ion channel TRPV2 in [Ca2+]i induction and fork protection. Replication stress leads to the generation of ssDNA and dsDNA species that, upon translocation into cytoplasm, trigger the activation of the sensor protein cGAS and the production of cGAMP. The subsequent binding of cGAMP to STING causes its dissociation from TRPV2, leading to TRPV2 derepression and Ca2+ release from the ER, which in turn activates the downstream signaling cascade to prevent fork degradation. This Ca2+-dependent genome protection pathway is also activated in response to replication stress caused by oncogene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzhen Kong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ying Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Delphine Sangotokun Lemacon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ke Tan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Abigael Cheruiyot
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhimin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongsheng You
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Current Knowledge of the Molecular Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030987. [PMID: 36769633 PMCID: PMC9918007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune disease, which can be limited to the skin or associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Gene expression analysis has revealed that both the innate and adaptive immune pathways are activated in CLE. Ultraviolet (UV) light, the predominant environmental factor associated with CLE, induces apoptosis in keratinocytes, and the endogenous nucleic acids released from the apoptotic cells are recognized via pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors. This leads to the production of type I interferon, a major contributor to the pathogenesis of CLE, by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. UV irradiation can also induce the externalization of autoantigens, such as SS-A/Ro, exposing them to circulating autoantibodies. T-helper 1 cells have been reported to play important roles in the adaptive immune response to CLE. Other environmental factors associated with CLE include drugs and cigarette smoke. Genetic factors also confer a predisposition to the development of CLE, and many susceptibility genes have been identified. Monogenetic forms of CLE also exist. This article aims to review current knowledge about the pathogenesis of CLE. A better understanding of the environmental, genetic, and immunoregulatory factors that drive CLE may provide important insights for the treatment of CLE.
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37
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Ghosh M, Saha S, Li J, Montrose DC, Martinez LA. p53 engages the cGAS/STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway for tumor suppression. Mol Cell 2023; 83:266-280.e6. [PMID: 36638783 PMCID: PMC9993620 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppression by TP53 involves cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. TP53 can suppress tumor growth by modulating immune system functions; however, the mechanistic basis for this activity is not well understood. We report that p53 promotes the degradation of the DNA exonuclease TREX1, resulting in cytosolic dsDNA accumulation. We demonstrate that p53 requires the ubiquitin ligase TRIM24 to induce TREX1 degradation. The cytosolic DNA accumulation resulting from TREX1 degradation activates the cytosolic DNA-sensing cGAS/STING pathway, resulting in induction of type I interferons. TREX1 overexpression sufficed to block p53 activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. p53-mediated induction of type I interferon (IFNB1) is suppressed by cGAS/STING knockout, and p53's tumor suppressor activities are compromised by the loss of signaling through the cGAS/STING pathway. Thus, our study reveals that p53 utilizes the cGAS/STING innate immune system pathway for both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic tumor suppressor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monisankar Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Suchandrima Saha
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA.
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38
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Lazarchuk P, Nguyen VN, Brunon S, Pavlova MN, Sidorova JM. Innate immunity mediator STING modulates nascent DNA metabolism at stalled forks in human cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1048726. [PMID: 36710880 PMCID: PMC9877313 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1048726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The cGAS/STING pathway, part of the innate immune response to foreign DNA, can be activated by cell's own DNA arising from the processing of the genome, including the degradation of nascent DNA at arrested replication forks, which can be upregulated in cancer cells. Recent evidence raises a possibility that the cGAS/STING pathway may also modulate the very processes that trigger it, e.g., DNA damage repair or processing of stalled forks. Methods: We manipulated STING levels in human cells by depleting or re-expressing it, and assessed the effects of STING on replication using microfluidics-assisted replication track analysis, or maRTA, a DNA fiber assay, as well as immuno-precipitation of nascent DNA, or iPOND. We also assessed STING subcellular distribution and its ability to activate. Results: Depletion of STING suppressed and its re-expression in STING-deficient cancer cells upregulated the degradation of nascent DNA at arrested replication forks. Replication fork arrest was accompanied by the STING pathway activation, and a STING mutant that does not activate the pathway failed to upregulate nascent DNA degradation. cGAS was required for STING's effect on degradation, but this requirement could be bypassed by treating cells with a STING agonist. Cells expressing inactive STING had a reduced level of RPA on parental and nascent DNA of arrested forks and a reduced CHK1 activation compared to cells with the wild type STING. STING also affected unperturbed fork progression in a subset of cell lines. STING fractionated to the nuclear fractions enriched for structural components of chromatin and nuclear envelope, and furthermore, it associated with the chromatin of arrested replication forks as well as post-replicative chromatin. Conclusion: Our data highlight STING as a determinant of stalled replication fork integrity, thus revealing a novel connection between the replication stress and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
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39
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Aditham A, Shi H, Guo J, Zeng H, Zhou Y, Wade SD, Huang J, Liu J, Wang X. Chemically Modified mocRNAs for Highly Efficient Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3352-3366. [PMID: 34995053 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
mRNA has recently been established as a new class of therapeutics, due to its programmability and ability to produce proteins of interest rapidly in vivo. Despite its demonstrated utility, mRNA as a protein expression platform remains limited by its translational capacity and RNA stability. Here, we introduce messenger-oligonucleotide conjugated RNAs (mocRNAs) to enable site-specific, robust, and modularized encoding of chemical modifications for highly efficient and stable protein expression. In mocRNA constructs, chemically synthesized oligonucleotides are ligated to the 3' terminus of mRNA substrates to protect poly(A) tails from degradation, without compromising their potency in stimulating translation. As a proof-of-concept, mocRNAs modified by deadenylase-resistant oligonucleotides result in augmented protein production by factors of 2-4 in human HeLa cells and by 10-fold in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures. By directly linking enzymatic and organic synthesis of mRNA, we envision that the mocRNA design will open new avenues to expand the chemical space and translational capacity of RNA-based vectors in basic research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aditham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hailing Shi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jianting Guo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hu Zeng
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Sarah Dunn Wade
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Jiahao Huang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02134, United States
| | - Xiao Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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40
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The DNA damage induced immune response: Implications for cancer therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 120:103409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Aditi, McKinnon PJ. Genome integrity and inflammation in the nervous system. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 119:103406. [PMID: 36148701 PMCID: PMC9844216 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of genomic integrity is crucial for nervous system development and function. DNA repair deficiency results in several human diseases that are characterized by both neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Recent research has highlighted a role for compromised genomic integrity as a key factor driving neuropathology and triggering innate immune signaling to cause inflammation. Here we review the mechanisms by which DNA damage engages innate immune signaling and how this may promote neurological disease. We also consider the contributions of different neural cell types towards DNA damage-driven neuroinflammation. A deeper knowledge of genome maintenance mechanisms that prevent aberrant immune activation in neural cells will guide future therapies to ameliorate neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Dept. Cell & Mol. Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J McKinnon
- Center for Pediatric Neurological Disease Research, St. Jude Pediatric Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Dept. Cell & Mol. Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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42
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Mizuno Y, Shibata S, Ito Y, Taira H, Sugimoto E, Awaji K, Sato S. Interleukin-26–DNA complexes promote inflammation and dermal-epidermal separation in a modified human cryosection model of bullous pemphigoid. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013382. [PMID: 36311716 PMCID: PMC9599390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody-mediated activation of immune cells and subepidermal blister formation. Excess amounts of extracellular DNA are produced in BP, however, it remains unclear how extracellular DNA contributes to BP pathogenesis. Here we show a possible mechanism by which interleukin (IL)-26 binds to extracellular DNA released from neutrophils and eosinophils to support DNA sensing. Patients with BP exhibited high circulating levels of IL-26, forming IL-26–DNA complexes in the upper dermis and inside the blisters. IL-26–DNA complexes played a dual role in regulating local immunity and blister formation. First, they enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and neutrophils. Second, and importantly, the complexes augmented the production and activity of proteases from co-cultured monocytes and neutrophils, which induced BP180 cleavage in keratinocytes and dermal-epidermal separation in a modified human cryosection model. Collectively, we propose a model in which IL-26 and extracellular DNA synergistically act on immune cells to enhance autoantibody-driven local immune responses and protease-mediated fragility of dermal-epidermal junction in BP.
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43
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MacLauchlan S, Fitzgerald KA, Gravallese EM. Intracellular Sensing of DNA in Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1615-1624. [PMID: 35656967 PMCID: PMC9529773 DOI: 10.1002/art.42256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that DNA is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, posing a unique challenge in the discrimination between endogenous and foreign DNA. This challenge is highlighted by certain autoinflammatory diseases that arise from monogenic mutations and result in periodic flares of inflammation, typically in the absence of autoantibodies or antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Several autoinflammatory diseases arise due to mutations in genes that normally prevent the accrual of endogenous DNA or are due to mutations that cause activation of intracellular DNA-sensing pathway components. Evidence from genetically modified murine models further support an ability of endogenous DNA and DNA sensing to drive disease pathogenesis, prompting the question of whether endogenous DNA can also induce inflammation in human autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of intracellular DNA sensing and downstream signaling pathways as they pertain to autoinflammatory disease, including the development of monogenic disorders such as Stimulator of interferon genes-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy and Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. In addition, we discuss systemic rheumatic diseases, including certain forms of systemic lupus erythematosus, familial chilblain lupus, and other diseases with established links to intracellular DNA-sensing pathways, and highlight the lessons learned from these examples as they apply to the development of therapies targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan MacLauchlan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Program in Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
| | - Ellen M. Gravallese
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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44
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Ferguson AC, Thrippleton S, Henshall D, Whittaker E, Conway B, MacLeod M, Malik R, Rawlik K, Tenesa A, Sudlow C, Rannikmae K. Frequency and Phenotype Associations of Rare Variants in 5 Monogenic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Genes in 200,000 UK Biobank Participants. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e200015. [PMID: 36035235 PMCID: PMC9403885 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Based on previous case reports and disease-based cohorts, a minority of patients with cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) have a monogenic cause, with many also manifesting extracerebral phenotypes. We investigated the frequency, penetrance, and phenotype associations of putative pathogenic variants in cSVD genes in the UK Biobank (UKB), a large population-based study. METHODS We used a systematic review of previous literature and ClinVar to identify putative pathogenic rare variants in CTSA, TREX1, HTRA1, and COL4A1/2. We mapped phenotypes previously attributed to these variants (phenotypes-of-interest) to disease coding systems used in the UKB's linked health data from UK hospital admissions, death records, and primary care. Among 199,313 exome-sequenced UKB participants, we assessed the following: the proportion of participants carrying ≥1 variant(s); phenotype-of-interest penetrance; and the association between variant carrier status and phenotypes-of-interest using a binary (any phenotype present/absent) and phenotype burden (linear score of the number of phenotypes a participant possessed) approach. RESULTS Among UKB participants, 0.5% had ≥1 variant(s) in studied genes. Using hospital admission and death records, 4%-20% of variant carriers per gene had an associated phenotype. This increased to 7%-55% when including primary care records. Only COL4A1 variant carrier status was significantly associated with having ≥1 phenotype-of-interest and a higher phenotype score (OR = 1.29, p = 0.006). DISCUSSION While putative pathogenic rare variants in monogenic cSVD genes occur in 1:200 people in the UKB population, only approximately half of variant carriers have a relevant disease phenotype recorded in their linked health data. We could not replicate most previously reported gene-phenotype associations, suggesting lower penetrance rates, overestimated pathogenicity, and/or limited statistical power.
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45
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Kloeber JA, Lou Z. Critical DNA damaging pathways in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:164-184. [PMID: 33905873 PMCID: PMC8542061 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of DNA damage is an early driving event in tumorigenesis. Premalignant lesions show activated DNA damage responses and inactivation of DNA damage checkpoints promotes malignant transformation. However, DNA damage is also a targetable vulnerability in cancer cells. This requires a detailed understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing DNA integrity. Here, we review current work on DNA damage in tumorigenesis. We discuss DNA double strand break repair, how repair pathways contribute to tumorigenesis, and how double strand breaks are linked to the tumor microenvironment. Next, we discuss the role of oncogenes in promoting DNA damage through replication stress. Finally, we discuss our current understanding on DNA damage in micronuclei and discuss therapies targeting these DNA damage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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46
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Patel SD, Anand D, Motohashi H, Katsuoka F, Yamamoto M, Lachke SA. Deficiency of the bZIP transcription factors Mafg and Mafk causes misexpression of genes in distinct pathways and results in lens embryonic developmental defects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:981893. [PMID: 36092713 PMCID: PMC9459095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.981893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the small Maf proteins Mafg and Mafk cause multiple defects, namely, progressive neuronal degeneration, cataract, thrombocytopenia and mid-gestational/perinatal lethality. Previous data shows Mafg -/-:Mafk +/- compound knockout (KO) mice exhibit cataracts age 4-months onward. Strikingly, Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- double KO mice develop lens defects significantly early in life, during embryogenesis, but the pathobiology of these defects is unknown, and is addressed here. At embryonic day (E)16.5, the epithelium of lens in Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- animals appears abnormally multilayered as demonstrated by E-cadherin and nuclear staining. Additionally, Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- lenses exhibit abnormal distribution of F-actin near the "fulcrum" region where epithelial cells undergo apical constriction prior to elongation and reorientation as early differentiating fiber cells. To identify the underlying molecular changes, we performed high-throughput RNA-sequencing of E16.5 Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- lenses and identified a cohort of differentially expressed genes that were further prioritized using stringent filtering criteria and validated by RT-qPCR. Several key factors associated with the cytoskeleton, cell cycle or extracellular matrix (e.g., Cdk1, Cdkn1c, Camsap1, Col3a1, Map3k12, Sipa1l1) were mis-expressed in Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- lenses. Further, the congenital cataract-linked extracellular matrix peroxidase Pxdn was significantly overexpressed in Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- lenses, which may cause abnormal cell morphology. These data also identified the ephrin signaling receptor Epha5 to be reduced in Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- lenses. This likely contributes to the Mafg -/-:Mafk -/- multilayered lens epithelium pathology, as loss of an ephrin ligand, Efna5 (ephrin-A5), causes similar lens defects. Together, these findings uncover a novel early function of Mafg and Mafk in lens development and identify their new downstream regulatory relationships with key cellular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili D. Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Deepti Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiki Katsuoka
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Salil A. Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States,*Correspondence: Salil A. Lachke,
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47
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Anindya R. Cytoplasmic DNA in cancer cells: Several pathways that potentially limit DNase2 and TREX1 activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119278. [PMID: 35489653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of tumor cells induces the dendritic cell to produce type-I IFNs. Classically, the presence of foreign DNA in host cells' cytoplasm during viral infection elicits cGAS-STING mediated type-I IFN signaling and cytokine production. It is likely that cytosolic DNA leads to senescence and immune surveillance in transformed cells during the early stages of carcinogenesis. However, multiple factors, such as loss of cell-cycle checkpoint, mitochondrial damage and chromosomal instability, can lead to persistent accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. That is why aberrant activation of the type I IFN pathway is frequently associated with highly aggressive tumors. Intriguingly, two powerful intracellular deoxyribonucleases, DNase2 and TREX1, can target the cytoplasmic DNA for degradation. Yet the tumor cells consistently accumulate cytoplasmic DNA. This review highlights recent work connecting the lack of DNase2 and TREX1 function to innate immune signaling. It also summarizes the possible mechanisms that limit the activity of DNase2 and TREX1 in tumor cells and contributes to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India.
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48
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Donne R, Saroul-Ainama M, Cordier P, Hammoutene A, Kabore C, Stadler M, Nemazanyy I, Galy-Fauroux I, Herrag M, Riedl T, Chansel-Da Cruz M, Caruso S, Bonnafous S, Öllinger R, Rad R, Unger K, Tran A, Couty JP, Gual P, Paradis V, Celton-Morizur S, Heikenwalder M, Revy P, Desdouets C. Replication stress triggered by nucleotide pool imbalance drives DNA damage and cGAS-STING pathway activation in NAFLD. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1728-1741.e6. [PMID: 35768000 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatotic liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD has a major effect on the intrinsic proliferative properties of hepatocytes. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the activation of DNA damage response during NAFLD. Proliferating mouse NAFLD hepatocytes harbor replication stress (RS) with an alteration of the replication fork's speed and activation of ATR pathway, which is sufficient to cause DNA breaks. Nucleotide pool imbalance occurring during NAFLD is the key driver of RS. Remarkably, DNA lesions drive cGAS/STING pathway activation, a major component of cells' intrinsic immune response. The translational significance of this study was reiterated by showing that lipid overload in proliferating HepaRG was sufficient to induce RS and nucleotide pool imbalance. Moreover, livers from NAFLD patients displayed nucleotide pathway deregulation and cGAS/STING gene alteration. Altogether, our findings shed light on the mechanisms by which damaged NAFLD hepatocytes might promote disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Donne
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Maëva Saroul-Ainama
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Cordier
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Adel Hammoutene
- Université Paris-Cité, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Christelle Kabore
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mira Stadler
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Galy-Fauroux
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mounia Herrag
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Labellisé Ligue, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Riedl
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Chansel-Da Cruz
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Labellisé Ligue, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors Team, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, Rechts der Isar University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Couty
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, CHU, Nice, France
| | - Valérie Paradis
- Université Paris-Cité, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, INSERM U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, 75018 Paris, France; Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Clichy, France
| | - Séverine Celton-Morizur
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer (F180), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Revy
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics in the Immune System, Labellisé Ligue, INSERM UMR 1163, Université Paris-Cité, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Desdouets
- Team Proliferation, Stress and Liver Physiopathology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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Lou H, Ling GS, Cao X. Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: From immunopathology to therapeutic target. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102861. [PMID: 35872103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies, especially anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm autoantibodies are highly specific to SLE, and participate in the immune complex formation and inflammatory damage on multiple end-organs such as kidney, skin, and central nervous system (CNS). However, the underlying mechanisms of autoantibody-induced tissue damage and systemic inflammation are still not fully understood. Single cell analysis of autoreactive B cells and monoclonal antibody screening from patients with active SLE has improved our understanding on the origin of autoreactive B cells and the antigen targets of the pathogenic autoantibodies. B cell depletion therapies have been widely studied in the clinics, but the development of more specific therapies against the pathogenic B cell subset and autoantibodies with improved efficacy and safety still remain a big challenge. A more comprehensive autoantibody profiling combined with functional characterization of autoantibodies in diseases development will shed new insights on the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE and guide a specific treatment to individual SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Lou
- Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DR, UK; Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Guang Sheng Ling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK; Nankai-Oxford International Advanced Institute, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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50
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Manils J, Marruecos L, Soler C. Exonucleases: Degrading DNA to Deal with Genome Damage, Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142157. [PMID: 35883600 PMCID: PMC9316158 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although DNA degradation might seem an unwanted event, it is essential in many cellular processes that are key to maintaining genomic stability and cell and organism homeostasis. The capacity to cut out nucleotides one at a time from the end of a DNA chain is present in enzymes called exonucleases. Exonuclease activity might come from enzymes with multiple other functions or specialized enzymes only dedicated to this function. Exonucleases are involved in central pathways of cell biology such as DNA replication, repair, and death, as well as tuning the immune response. Of note, malfunctioning of these enzymes is associated with immune disorders and cancer. In this review, we will dissect the impact of DNA degradation on the DNA damage response and its links with inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Manils
- Serra Húnter Programme, Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Laura Marruecos
- Breast Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Concepció Soler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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