1
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Yehya A, Azar J, Al-Fares M, Boeuf H, Abou-Kheir W, Zeineddine D, Hadadeh O. Cardiac differentiation is modulated by anti-apoptotic signals in murine embryonic stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:551-559. [PMID: 38817332 PMCID: PMC11135258 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) serve as a crucial ex vivo model, representing epiblast cells derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst-stage embryos. ESCs exhibit a unique combination of self-renewal potency, unlimited proliferation, and pluripotency. The latter is evident by the ability of the isolated cells to differentiate spontaneously into multiple cell lineages, representing the three primary embryonic germ layers. Multiple regulatory networks guide ESCs, directing their self-renewal and lineage-specific differentiation. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, emerges as a key event involved in sculpting and forming various organs and structures ensuring proper embryonic development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic interplay between differentiation and apoptosis remain poorly understood. AIM To investigate the regulatory impact of apoptosis on the early differentiation of ESCs into cardiac cells, using mouse ESC (mESC) models - mESC-B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), mESC-PIM-2, and mESC-metallothionein-1 (MET-1) - which overexpress the anti-apoptotic genes Bcl-2, Pim-2, and Met-1, respectively. METHODS mESC-T2 (wild-type), mESC-BCL-2, mESC-PIM-2, and mESC-MET-1 have been used to assess the effect of potentiated apoptotic signals on cardiac differentiation. The hanging drop method was adopted to generate embryoid bodies (EBs) and induce terminal differentiation of mESCs. The size of the generated EBs was measured in each condition compared to the wild type. At the functional level, the percentage of cardiac differentiation was measured by calculating the number of beating cardiomyocytes in the manipulated mESCs compared to the control. At the molecular level, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers: Troponin T, GATA4, and NKX2.5. Additionally, troponin T protein expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence and western blot assays. RESULTS Our findings showed that the upregulation of Bcl-2, Pim-2, and Met-1 genes led to a reduction in the size of the EBs derived from the manipulated mESCs, in comparison with their wild-type counterpart. Additionally, a decrease in the count of beating cardiomyocytes among differentiated cells was observed. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of three cardiac markers - troponin T, GATA4, and NKX2.5 - was diminished in mESCs overexpressing the three anti-apoptotic genes compared to the control cell line. Moreover, the overexpression of the anti-apoptotic genes resulted in a reduction in troponin T protein expression. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that the upregulation of Bcl-2, Pim-2, and Met-1 genes altered cardiac differentiation, providing insight into the intricate interplay between apoptosis and ESC fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Al-Fares
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Helene Boeuf
- Inserm, Biotis, U1026, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Dana Zeineddine
- Rammal Rammal Lab, Physio-Toxicity Environmental Team, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 0000, Lebanon
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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3
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Yanagihara K, Hayashi Y, Liu Y, Yamaguchi T, Hemmi Y, Kokunugi M, Yamada KU, Fukumoto K, Suga M, Terada S, Nikawa H, Kawabata K, Furue M. Trisomy 12 compromises the mesendodermal differentiation propensity of human pluripotent stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:521-534. [PMID: 38169039 PMCID: PMC11126453 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Trisomy 12 is one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in cultured human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although potential oncogenic properties and augmented cell cycle caused by trisomy 12 have been reported, the consequences of trisomy 12 in terms of cell differentiation, which is the basis for regenerative medicine, drug development, and developmental biology studies, have not yet been investigated. Here, we report that trisomy 12 compromises the mesendodermal differentiation of hPSCs. We identified sublines of hPSCs carrying trisomy 12 after their prolonged culture. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these hPSC sublines carried abnormal gene expression patterns in specific signaling pathways in addition to cancer-related cell cycle pathways. These hPSC sublines showed a lower propensity for mesendodermal differentiation in embryoid bodies cultured in a serum-free medium. BMP4-induced exit from the self-renewal state was impaired in the trisomy 12 hPSC sublines, with less upregulation of key transcription factor gene expression. As a consequence, the differentiation efficiency of hematopoietic and hepatic lineages was also impaired in the trisomy 12 hPSC sublines. We reveal that trisomy 12 disrupts the genome-wide expression patterns that are required for proper mesendodermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yanagihara
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan.
| | - Yujung Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yasuko Hemmi
- iPS Cell Advanced Characterization and Development Team, RIKEN Bioresource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Minako Kokunugi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kozue Uchio Yamada
- Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ken Fukumoto
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, Fukui City, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mika Suga
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Satoshi Terada
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, Fukui City, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nikawa
- Department of Oral Biology & Engineering Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Cell Model for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Miho Furue
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Cultures, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Osaka, Ibaraki, 567-0085, Japan.
- Cel-MiM, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhou WH, Qiao LR, Xie SJ, Chang Z, Yin X, Xu GK. Mechanical guidance to self-organization and pattern formation of stem cells. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3448-3457. [PMID: 38567443 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The self-organization of stem cells (SCs) constitutes the fundamental basis of the development of biological organs and structures. SC-driven patterns are essential for tissue engineering, yet unguided SCs tend to form chaotic patterns, impeding progress in biomedical engineering. Here, we show that simple geometric constraints can be used as an effective mechanical modulation approach that promotes the development of controlled self-organization and pattern formation of SCs. Using the applied SC guidance with geometric constraints, we experimentally uncover a remarkable deviation in cell aggregate orientation from a random direction to a specific orientation. Subsequently, we propose a dynamic mechanical framework, including cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the culture environment, to characterize the specific orientation deflection of guided cell aggregates relative to initial geometric constraints, which agrees well with experimental observation. Based on this framework, we further devise various theoretical strategies to realize complex biological patterns, such as radial and concentric structures. Our study highlights the key role of mechanical factors and geometric constraints in governing SCs' self-organization. These findings yield critical insights into the regulation of SC-driven pattern formation and hold great promise for advancements in tissue engineering and bioactive material design for regenerative application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Zhou
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Lin-Ru Qiao
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - She-Juan Xie
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhuo Chang
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xu Yin
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Guang-Kui Xu
- Laboratory for Multiscale Mechanics and Medical Science, Department of Engineering Mechanics, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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5
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Feng L, Wang Y, Fu Y, Li T, He G. Stem Cell-Based Strategies: The Future Direction of Bioartificial Liver Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:601-616. [PMID: 38170319 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) results from severe liver damage or end-stage liver disease. It is extremely fatal and causes serious health and economic burdens worldwide. Once ALF occurs, liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive and recommended treatment; however, LT is limited by the scarcity of liver grafts. Consequently, the clinical use of bioartificial liver (BAL) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for ALF. Human primary hepatocytes are an ideal cell source for these methods. However, their high demand and superior viability prevent their widespread use. Hence, finding alternatives that meet the seed cell quality and quantity requirements is imperative. Stem cells with self-renewing, immunogenic, and differentiative capacities are potential cell sources. MSCs and its secretomes encompass a spectrum of beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-ROS (reactive oxygen species), anti-apoptotic, pro-metabolomic, anti-fibrogenesis, and pro-regenerative attributes. This review focused on the recent status and future directions of stem cell-based strategies in BAL for ALF. Additionally, we discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting such strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Friedman CE, Fayer S, Pendyala S, Chien WM, Loiben A, Tran L, Chao LS, McKinstry A, Ahmed D, Farris SD, Stempien-Otero A, Jonlin EC, Murry CE, Starita LM, Fowler DM, Yang KC. Multiplexed Functional Assessments of MYH7 Variants in Human Cardiomyocytes. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004377. [PMID: 38362799 PMCID: PMC11196868 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic autosomal-dominant missense variants in MYH7 (myosin heavy chain 7), which encodes the sarcomeric protein (β-MHC [beta myosin heavy chain]) expressed in cardiac and skeletal myocytes, are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and are clinically actionable. However, ≈75% of MYH7 missense variants are of unknown significance. While human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes to enable the interrogation of MYH7 variant effect in a disease-relevant context, deep mutational scanning has not been executed using diploid hiPSC derivates due to low hiPSC gene-editing efficiency. Moreover, multiplexable phenotypes enabling deep mutational scanning of MYH7 variant hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes are unknown. METHODS To overcome these obstacles, we used CRISPRa On-Target Editing Retrieval enrichment to generate an hiPSC library containing 113 MYH7 codon variants suitable for deep mutational scanning. We first established that β-MHC protein loss occurs in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy human heart with a pathogenic MYH7 variant. We then differentiated the MYH7 missense variant hiPSC library to cardiomyocytes for multiplexed assessment of β-MHC variant abundance by massively parallel sequencing and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte survival. RESULTS Both the multiplexed assessment of β-MHC abundance and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte survival accurately segregated all known pathogenic variants from synonymous variants. Functional data were generated for 4 variants of unknown significance and 58 additional MYH7 missense variants not yet detected in patients. CONCLUSIONS This study leveraged hiPSC differentiation into disease-relevant cardiomyocytes to enable multiplexed assessments of MYH7 missense variants for the first time. Phenotyping strategies used here enable the application of deep mutational scanning to clinically actionable genes, which should reduce the burden of variants of unknown significance on patients and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E. Friedman
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Shawn Fayer
- Dept of Genome Sciences, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | | | - Wei-Ming Chien
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS; Seattle, WA
| | - Alexander Loiben
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Linda Tran
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Leslie S. Chao
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Ashley McKinstry
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Dania Ahmed
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Stephen D. Farris
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS; Seattle, WA
| | - April Stempien-Otero
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Erica C. Jonlin
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Bioengineering, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
| | - Lea M. Starita
- Dept of Genome Sciences, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Douglas M. Fowler
- Dept of Genome Sciences, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Bioengineering, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kai-Chun Yang
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Univ of Washington, School of Medicine; Seattle, WA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Dept of Medicine/Cardiology, Univ of Washington; Seattle, WA
- Cardiology/Hospital Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound HCS; Seattle, WA
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7
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Wu Z, Shen S, Mizikovsky D, Cao Y, Naval-Sanchez M, Tan SZ, Alvarez YD, Sun Y, Chen X, Zhao Q, Kim D, Yang P, Hill TA, Jones A, Fairlie DP, Pébay A, Hewitt AW, Tam PPL, White MD, Nefzger CM, Palpant NJ. Wnt dose escalation during the exit from pluripotency identifies tranilast as a regulator of cardiac mesoderm. Dev Cell 2024; 59:705-722.e8. [PMID: 38354738 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a critical determinant of cell lineage development. This study used Wnt dose-dependent induction programs to gain insights into molecular regulation of stem cell differentiation. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of hiPSCs responding to a dose escalation protocol with Wnt agonist CHIR-99021 during the exit from pluripotency to identify cell types and genetic activity driven by Wnt stimulation. Results of activated gene sets and cell types were used to build a multiple regression model that predicts the efficiency of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Cross-referencing Wnt-associated gene expression profiles to the Connectivity Map database, we identified the small-molecule drug, tranilast. We found that tranilast synergistically activates Wnt signaling to promote cardiac lineage differentiation, which we validate by in vitro analysis of hiPSC differentiation and in vivo analysis of developing quail embryos. Our study provides an integrated workflow that links experimental datasets, prediction models, and small-molecule databases to identify drug-like compounds that control cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sophie Shen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalia Mizikovsky
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanzhao Cao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Marina Naval-Sanchez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Siew Zhuan Tan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yanina D Alvarez
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yuliangzi Sun
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Kim
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alun Jones
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David P Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Melanie D White
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christian M Nefzger
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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8
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Son B, Park S, Cho S, Kim JA, Baek SH, Yoo KH, Han D, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Improved Neural Inductivity of Size-Controlled 3D Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0011. [PMID: 38500782 PMCID: PMC10944702 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the efficiency of neural development from human embryonic stem cells, human embryoid body (hEB) generation is vital through 3-dimensional formation. However, conventional approaches still have limitations: long-term cultivation and laborious steps for lineage determination. Methods: In this study, we controlled the size of hEBs for ectodermal lineage specification using cell-penetrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which resulted in reduced time required for initial neural induction. The magnetized cells were applied to concentrated magnetic force for magnet-derived multicellular organization. The uniformly sized hEBs were differentiated in neural induction medium (NIM) and suspended condition. This neurally induced MNP-hEBs were compared with other groups. Results: As a result, the uniformly sized MNP-hEBs in NIM showed significantly improved neural inductivity through morphological analysis and expression of neural markers. Signaling pathways of the accelerated neural induction were detected via expression of representative proteins; Wnt signaling, dopaminergic neuronal pathway, intercellular communications, and mechanotransduction. Consequently, we could shorten the time necessary for early neurogenesis, thereby enhancing the neural induction efficiency. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests not only the importance of size regulation of hEBs at initial differentiation stage but also the efficacy of MNP-based neural induction method and stimulations for enhanced neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Dongoh Han
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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9
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Smandri A, Al-Masawa ME, Hwei NM, Fauzi MB. ECM-derived biomaterials for regulating tissue multicellularity and maturation. iScience 2024; 27:109141. [PMID: 38405613 PMCID: PMC10884934 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in developing human-relevant organotypic models led to the building of highly resemblant tissue constructs that hold immense potential for transplantation, drug screening, and disease modeling. Despite the progress in fine-tuning stem cell multilineage differentiation in highly controlled spatiotemporal conditions and hosting microenvironments, 3D models still experience naive and incomplete morphogenesis. In particular, existing systems and induction protocols fail to maintain stem cell long-term potency, induce high tissue-level multicellularity, or drive the maturity of stem cell-derived 3D models to levels seen in their in vivo counterparts. In this review, we highlight the use of extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials in providing stem cell niche-mimicking microenvironment capable of preserving stem cell long-term potency and inducing spatial and region-specific differentiation. We also examine the maturation of different 3D models, including organoids, encapsulated in ECM biomaterials and provide looking-forward perspectives on employing ECM biomaterials in building more innovative, transplantable, and functional organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Smandri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Maimonah Eissa Al-Masawa
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ng Min Hwei
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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10
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Nakanoh S, Sham K, Ghimire S, Mohorianu I, Rayon T, Vallier L. Human surface ectoderm and amniotic ectoderm are sequentially specified according to cellular density. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh7748. [PMID: 38427729 PMCID: PMC10906920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh7748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Mechanisms specifying amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are unresolved in humans due to their close similarities in expression patterns and signal requirements. This lack of knowledge hinders the development of protocols to accurately model human embryogenesis. Here, we developed a human pluripotent stem cell model to investigate the divergence between amniotic and surface ectoderms. In the established culture system, cells differentiated into functional amnioblast-like cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of amnioblast differentiation revealed an intermediate cell state with enhanced surface ectoderm gene expression. Furthermore, when the differentiation started at the confluent condition, cells retained the expression profile of surface ectoderm. Collectively, we propose that human amniotic ectoderm and surface ectoderm are specified along a common nonneural ectoderm trajectory based on cell density. Our culture system also generated extraembryonic mesoderm-like cells from the primed pluripotent state. Together, this study provides an integrative understanding of the human nonneural ectoderm development and a model for embryonic and extraembryonic human development around gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakanoh
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kendig Sham
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Sabitri Ghimire
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Irina Mohorianu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Teresa Rayon
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 14195, Germany
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11
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Agriesti F, Cela O, Capitanio N. "Time Is out of Joint" in Pluripotent Stem Cells: How and Why. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2063. [PMID: 38396740 PMCID: PMC10889767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is necessary for the homeostasis and health of living organisms. Molecular clocks interconnected by transcription/translation feedback loops exist in most cells of the body. A puzzling exemption to this, otherwise, general biological hallmark is given by the cell physiology of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) that lack circadian oscillations gradually acquired following their in vivo programmed differentiation. This process can be nicely phenocopied following in vitro commitment and reversed during the reprogramming of somatic cells to induce PSCs. The current understanding of how and why pluripotency is "time-uncoupled" is largely incomplete. A complex picture is emerging where the circadian core clockwork is negatively regulated in PSCs at the post-transcriptional/translational, epigenetic, and other-clock-interaction levels. Moreover, non-canonical functions of circadian core-work components in the balance between pluripotency identity and metabolic-driven cell reprogramming are emerging. This review selects and discusses results of relevant recent investigations providing major insights into this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agriesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
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12
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Okubo T, Rivron N, Kabata M, Masaki H, Kishimoto K, Semi K, Nakajima-Koyama M, Kunitomi H, Kaswandy B, Sato H, Nakauchi H, Woltjen K, Saitou M, Sasaki E, Yamamoto T, Takashima Y. Hypoblast from human pluripotent stem cells regulates epiblast development. Nature 2024; 626:357-366. [PMID: 38052228 PMCID: PMC10849967 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, several studies using cultures of human embryos together with single-cell RNA-seq analyses have revealed differences between humans and mice, necessitating the study of human embryos1-8. Despite the importance of human embryology, ethical and legal restrictions have limited post-implantation-stage studies. Thus, recent efforts have focused on developing in vitro self-organizing models using human stem cells9-17. Here, we report genetic and non-genetic approaches to generate authentic hypoblast cells (naive hPSC-derived hypoblast-like cells (nHyCs))-known to give rise to one of the two extraembryonic tissues essential for embryonic development-from naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Our nHyCs spontaneously assemble with naive hPSCs to form a three-dimensional bilaminar structure (bilaminoids) with a pro-amniotic-like cavity. In the presence of additional naive hPSC-derived analogues of the second extraembryonic tissue, the trophectoderm, the efficiency of bilaminoid formation increases from 20% to 40%, and the epiblast within the bilaminoids continues to develop in response to trophectoderm-secreted IL-6. Furthermore, we show that bilaminoids robustly recapitulate the patterning of the anterior-posterior axis and the formation of cells reflecting the pregastrula stage, the emergence of which can be shaped by genetically manipulating the DKK1/OTX2 hypoblast-like domain. We have therefore successfully modelled and identified the mechanisms by which the two extraembryonic tissues efficiently guide the stage-specific growth and progression of the epiblast as it establishes the post-implantation landmarks of human embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Okubo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicolas Rivron
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mio Kabata
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Masaki
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Katsunori Semi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - May Nakajima-Koyama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruko Kunitomi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Belinda Kaswandy
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
- Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Takashima
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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13
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Duivenvoorden AM, Claes BSR, van der Vloet L, Lubbers T, Glunde K, Olde Damink SWM, Heeren RMA, Lenaerts K. Lipidomic Phenotyping Of Human Small Intestinal Organoids Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18443-18450. [PMID: 38060464 PMCID: PMC10733903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, interest in organoids for biomedical research has surged, resulting in a higher demand for advanced imaging techniques. Traditional specimen embedding methods pose challenges, such as analyte delocalization and histological assessment. Here, we present an optimized sample preparation approach utilizing an Epredia M-1 cellulose-based embedding matrix, which preserves the structural integrity of fragile small intestinal organoids (SIOs). Additionally, background interference (delocalization of analytes, nonspecific (histological) staining, matrix ion clusters) was minimized, and we demonstrate the compatibility with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). With our approach, we can conduct label-free lipid imaging at the single-cell level, thereby yielding insights into the spatial distribution of lipids in both positive and negative ion modes. Moreover, M-1 embedding allows for an improved coregistration with histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) stainings, including MALDI-IHC, facilitating combined untargeted and targeted spatial information. Applying this approach, we successfully phenotyped crypt-like (CL) and villus-like (VL) SIOs, revealing that PE 36:2 [M - H]- (m/z 742.5) and PI 38:4 [M - H]- (m/z 885.5) display higher abundance in CL organoids, whereas PI 36:1 [M - H]- (m/z 863.6) was more prevalent in VL organoids. Our findings demonstrate the utility of M-1 embedding for advancing organoid research and unraveling intricate biological processes within these in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet
A. M. Duivenvoorden
- Department
of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research
in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Britt S. R. Claes
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van der Vloet
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Lubbers
- Department
of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical
Center+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW
– School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The
Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science,
Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- The
Sidney
Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department
of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Steven W. M. Olde Damink
- Department
of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research
in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical
Center+ (MUMC+), 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department
of General, Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- The
Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4i) Institute, Division
of Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS), Maastricht
University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Department
of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research
in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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14
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Dijkhuis L, Johns A, Ragusa D, van den Brink SC, Pina C. Haematopoietic development and HSC formation in vitro: promise and limitations of gastruloid models. Emerg Top Life Sci 2023; 7:439-454. [PMID: 38095554 PMCID: PMC10754337 DOI: 10.1042/etls20230091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the most extensively studied adult stem cells. Yet, six decades after their first description, reproducible and translatable generation of HSC in vitro remains an unmet challenge. HSC production in vitro is confounded by the multi-stage nature of blood production during development. Specification of HSC is a late event in embryonic blood production and depends on physical and chemical cues which remain incompletely characterised. The precise molecular composition of the HSC themselves is incompletely understood, limiting approaches to track their origin in situ in the appropriate cellular, chemical and mechanical context. Embryonic material at the point of HSC emergence is limiting, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of embryonic haematopoietic development in which current knowledge gaps can be addressed and exploited to enable HSC production. Gastruloids are pluripotent stem cell-derived 3-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates which recapitulate developmental events in gastrulation and early organogenesis with spatial and temporal precision. Gastruloids self-organise multi-tissue structures upon minimal and controlled external cues, and are amenable to live imaging, screening, scaling and physicochemical manipulation to understand and translate tissue formation. In this review, we consider the haematopoietic potential of gastruloids and review early strategies to enhance blood progenitor and HSC production. We highlight possible strategies to achieve HSC production from gastruloids, and discuss the potential of gastruloid systems in illuminating current knowledge gaps in HSC specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza Dijkhuis
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ayona Johns
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Denise Ragusa
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
| | | | - Cristina Pina
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, U.K
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15
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Cui Z, Wei H, Goding C, Cui R. Stem cell heterogeneity, plasticity, and regulation. Life Sci 2023; 334:122240. [PMID: 37925141 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
As a population of homogeneous cells with both self-renewal and differentiation potential, stem cell pools are highly compartmentalized and contain distinct subsets that exhibit stable but limited heterogeneity during homeostasis. However, their striking plasticity is showcased under natural or artificial stress, such as injury, transplantation, cancer, and aging, leading to changes in their phenotype, constitution, metabolism, and function. The complex and diverse network of cell-extrinsic niches and signaling pathways, together with cell-intrinsic genetic and epigenetic regulators, tightly regulate both the heterogeneity during homeostasis and the plasticity under perturbation. Manipulating these factors offers better control of stem cell behavior and a potential revolution in the current state of regenerative medicine. However, disruptions of normal regulation by genetic mutation or excessive plasticity acquisition may contribute to the formation of tumors. By harnessing innovative techniques that enhance our understanding of stem cell heterogeneity and employing novel approaches to maximize the utilization of stem cell plasticity, stem cell therapy holds immense promise for revolutionizing the future of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Cui
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Hope Wei
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Colin Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
| | - Rutao Cui
- Skin Disease Research Institute, The 2nd Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Shastry S, Hu J, Ying M, Mao X. Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2656. [PMID: 38139997 PMCID: PMC10747991 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta with a reduction in dopamine concentration in the striatum. It is a substantial loss of dopaminergic neurons that is responsible for the classic triad of PD symptoms, i.e., resting tremor, muscular rigidity, and bradykinesia. Several current therapies for PD may only offer symptomatic relief and do not address the underlying neurodegeneration of PD. The recent developments in cellular reprogramming have enabled the development of previously unachievable cell therapies and patient-specific modeling of PD through Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). iPSCs possess the inherent capacity for pluripotency, allowing for their directed differentiation into diverse cell lineages, such as dopaminergic neurons, thus offering a promising avenue for addressing the issue of neurodegeneration within the context of PD. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of dopamine on PD patients, illustrates the versatility of iPSCs and their regenerative abilities, and examines the benefits of using iPSC treatment for PD as opposed to current therapeutic measures. In means of providing a treatment approach that reinforces the long-term survival of the transplanted neurons, the review covers three supplementary avenues to reinforce the potential of iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Shastry
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Junkai Hu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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17
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Yang Y, McCullough CG, Seninge L, Guo L, Kwon WJ, Zhang Y, Li NY, Gaddam S, Pan C, Zhen H, Torkelson J, Glass IA, Charville G, Que J, Stuart J, Ding H, Oro A. A Spatiotemporal and Machine-Learning Platform Accelerates the Manufacturing of hPSC-derived Esophageal Mucosa. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563664. [PMID: 37961271 PMCID: PMC10634774 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived tissue engineering offers great promise in designer cell-based personalized therapeutics. To harness such potential, a broader approach requires a deeper understanding of tissue-level interactions. We previously developed a manufacturing system for the ectoderm-derived skin epithelium for cell replacement therapy. However, it remains challenging to manufacture the endoderm-derived esophageal epithelium, despite both possessing similar stratified structure. Here we employ single cell and spatial technologies to generate a spatiotemporal multi-omics cell atlas for human esophageal development. We illuminate the cellular diversity, dynamics and signal communications for the developing esophageal epithelium and stroma. Using the machine-learning based Manatee, we prioritize the combinations of candidate human developmental signals for in vitro derivation of esophageal basal cells. Functional validation of the Manatee predictions leads to a clinically-compatible system for manufacturing human esophageal mucosa. Our approach creates a versatile platform to accelerate human tissue manufacturing for future cell replacement therapies to treat human genetic defects and wounds.
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18
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Ku T, Tan X, Liu Y, Wang R, Fan L, Ren Z, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. Triazole fungicides exert neural differentiation alteration through H3K27me3 modifications: In vitro and in silico study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132225. [PMID: 37557044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering that humans are unavoidably exposed to triazole fungicides through the esophagus, respiratory tract, and skin contact, revealing the developmental toxicity of triazole fungicides is vital for health risk assessment. This study aimed to screen and discriminate neural developmental disorder chemicals in commonly used triazole fungicides, and explore the underlying harmful impacts on neurogenesis associated with histone modification abnormality in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). The triploblastic and neural differentiation models were constructed based on mESCs to expose six typical triazole fungicides (myclobutanil, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, propiconazole, difenoconazole, and flusilazole). The result demonstrated that although no cytotoxicity was observed, different triazole fungicides exhibited varying degrees of alterations in neural differentiation, including increased ectodermal differentiation, promoted neurogenesis, increased intracellular calcium ion levels, and disturbance of neurotransmitters. Molecular docking, cluster analysis, and multiple linear regressions demonstrated that the binding affinities between triazole fungicides and the Kdm6b-ligand binding domain were the dominant determinants of the neurodevelopmental response. This partially resulted in the reduced enrichment of H3K27me3 at the promoter region of the serotonin receptor 2 C gene, finally leading to disturbed neural differentiation. The data suggested potential adverse outcomes of triazole fungicides on embryonic neurogenesis even under sublethal doses through interfering histone modification, providing substantial evidence on the safety control of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Lifan Fan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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19
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Shi G, Zhang P, Zhang X, Li J, Zheng X, Yan J, Zhang N, Yang H. The spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the biophysical microenvironment during hematopoietic stem cell development: from embryo to adult. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 37705072 PMCID: PMC10500792 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate are responsible for maintaining the supply of all types of blood cells. The complex and delicate microenvironment surrounding HSCs is called the HSC niche and can provide physical, chemical, and biological stimuli to regulate the survival, maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of HSCs. Currently, the exploration of the biophysical regulation of HSCs remains in its infancy. There is evidence that HSCs are susceptible to biophysical stimuli, suggesting that the construction of engineered niche biophysical microenvironments is a promising way to regulate the fate of HSCs in vitro and ultimately contribute to clinical applications. In this review, we introduced the spatiotemporal heterogeneous biophysical microenvironment during HSC development, homeostasis, and malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrated how these biophysical cues contribute to HSC behaviors, as well as the possible mechanotransduction mechanisms from the extracellular microenvironment into cells. Comprehending the important functions of these biophysical regulatory factors will provide novel approaches to resolve clinical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinmin Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinxiao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Biological Diagnosis, Treatment and Protection Technology and Equipment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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20
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Galat Y, Du Y, Perepitchka M, Li XN, Balyasnikova IV, Tse WT, Dambaeva S, Schneiderman S, Iannaccone PM, Becher O, Graham DK, Galat V. In vitro vascular differentiation system efficiently produces natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2240670. [PMID: 37720687 PMCID: PMC10501168 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2240670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic innovation is crucial for limited operability tumors. CAR T-cell therapy displayed reduced efficiency against glioblastoma (GBM), likely due to mutations underlying disease progression. Natural Killer cells (NKs) detect cancer cells despite said mutations - demonstrating increased tumor elimination potential. We developed an NK differentiation system using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Via this system, genetic modifications targeting cancer treatment challenges can be introduced during pluripotency - enabling unlimited production of modified "off-the-shelf" hPSC-NKs. Methods hPSCs were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and NKs using our novel organoid system. These cells were characterized using flow cytometric and bioinformatic analyses. HPC engraftment potential was assessed using NSG mice. NK cytotoxicity was validated using in vitro and in vitro K562 assays and further corroborated on lymphoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and GBM cell lines in vitro. Results HPCs demonstrated engraftment in peripheral blood samples, and hPSC-NKs showcased morphology and functionality akin to same donor peripheral blood NKs (PB-NKs). The hPSC-NKs also displayed potential advantages regarding checkpoint inhibitor and metabolic gene expression, and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against various cancers. Conclusions Our organoid system, designed to replicate in vivo cellular organization (including signaling gradients and shear stress conditions), offers a suitable environment for HPC and NK generation. The engraftable nature of HPCs and potent NK cytotoxicity against leukemia, lymphoma, DIPG, and GBM highlight the potential of this innovative system to serve as a valuable tool that will benefit cancer treatment and research - improving patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William T Tse
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oren Becher
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Stougiannou TM, Christodoulou KC, Georgakarakos E, Mikroulis D, Karangelis D. Promising Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Aortic and Visceral Aneurysms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5878. [PMID: 37762818 PMCID: PMC10531975 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic and visceral aneurysms affect large arterial vessels, including the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as visceral arterial branches, such as the splenic, hepatic, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. Although these clinical entities have not been equally researched, it seems that they might share certain common pathophysiological changes and molecular mechanisms. The yet limited published data, with regard to newly designed, novel therapies, could serve as a nidus for the evaluation and potential implementation of such treatments in large artery aneurysms. In both animal models and clinical trials, various novel treatments have been employed in an attempt to not only reduce the complications of the already implemented modalities, through manufacturing of more durable materials, but also to regenerate or replace affected tissues themselves. Cellular populations like stem and differentiated vascular cell types, large diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), and various molecules and biological factors that might target aspects of the pathophysiological process, including cell-adhesion stabilizers, metalloproteinase inhibitors, and miRNAs, could potentially contribute significantly to the treatment of these types of aneurysms. In this narrative review, we sought to collect and present relevant evidence in the literature, in an effort to unveil promising biological therapies, possibly applicable to the treatment of aortic aneurysms, both thoracic and abdominal, as well as visceral aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora M. Stougiannou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (K.C.C.); (E.G.); (D.M.); (D.K.)
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22
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Li X, Wang N, Gui M, Wang C, Ding Y, Bai B, Li C, Zhang J, Fang L. Quantitative proteomics reveals PPAR signaling pathway regulates the cardiomyocyte activity of neonatal mouse heart. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200330. [PMID: 37271885 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most morbid and deadly types of diseases worldwide, while the existing therapeutic approaches all have their limitations. Mouse heart undergoes a very complex postnatal developmental process, including the 1-week window in which cardiomyocytes (CMs) maintain relatively high cell activity. The underlying mechanism provides an attractive direction for CVDs treatment. Herein, we collected ventricular tissues from mice of different ages from E18.5D to P8W and performed iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics to characterize the atlas of cardiac development. A total of 3422 proteins were quantified at all selected time points, revealing critical proteomic changes related to cardiac developmental events such as the metabolic transition from glycolysis to beta-oxidation. A cluster of significantly dysregulated proteins containing proteins that have already been reported to be associated with cardiac regeneration (Erbb2, Agrin, and Hmgb) was identified. Meanwhile, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway (Cpt1α, Hmgcs2, Plin2, and Fabp4) was also found specifically enriched. We further revealed that bezafibrate, a pan-activator of PPAR signaling pathway markedly enhanced H9C2 cardiomyocyte activity via enhancing Cpt1α expression. This work provides new hint that activation of PPAR signaling pathway could potentially be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minhui Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yibing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaojun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingzi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Sun Y, Zhang L, Fang Z, Liu D, Shao M, Liu Y, Liao B, Jin Y. PRPF8 controls alternative splicing of PIRH2 to modulate the p53 pathway and survival of human ESCs. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1909-1920. [PMID: 37357506 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have great potential for developmental biology and regenerative medicine. However, extensive apoptosis often occurs when hESCs respond to various stresses or injuries. Understanding the molecular control and identifying new factors associated with hESC survival are fundamental to ensure the high quality of hESCs. In this study, we report that PRPF8, an RNA spliceosome component, is essential for hESC survival. PRPF8 knockdown (KD) induces p53 protein accumulation and activates the p53 pathway, leading to apoptosis in hESCs. Strikingly, silencing of p53 rescues PRPF8 KD-induced apoptosis, indicating that PRPF8 KD triggers hESC apoptosis through activating the p53 pathway. In search for the mechanism by which p53 pathway is activated by PRPF8 KD, we find that PRPF8 KD alters alternative splicing of many genes, including PIRH2 which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase of p53. PIRH2 has several isoforms such as PIRH2A, PIRH2B, and PIRH2C. Intriguingly, PRPF8 KD specifically increases the transcript level of the PIRH2B isoform, which lacks a RING domain and E3 ligase activity. Functionally, PIRH2B KD partially rescues the reduction in cell numbers and upregulation of P21 caused by PRPF8 KD in hESCs. The finding suggests that PRPF8 controls alternative splicing of PIRH2 to maintain the balance of p53 pathway activity and survival of hESCs. The PRPF8/PIRH2/p53 axis identified here provides new insights into how p53 pathway and hESC survival are precisely regulated at multiple layers, highlighting an important role of posttranscriptional machinery in supporting hESC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoqing Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingyu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou X, Li G, Wu D, Liang H, Zhang W, Zeng L, Zhu Q, Lai P, Wen Z, Yang C, Pan Y. Recent advances of cellular stimulation with triboelectric nanogenerators. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20220090. [PMID: 37933231 PMCID: PMC10624380 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20220090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are new energy collection devices that have the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, miniaturization capability, and convenient manufacture. TENGs mainly utilize the triboelectric effect to obtain mechanical energy from organisms or the environment, and this mechanical energy is then converted into and output as electrical energy. Bioelectricity is a phenomenon that widely exists in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, senescence, apoptosis, as well as adjacent cells' communication and coordination. Therefore, based on these features, TENGs can be applied in organisms to collect energy and output electrical stimulation to act on cells, changing their activities and thereby playing a role in regulating cellular function and interfering with cellular fate, which can further develop into new methods of health care and disease intervention. In this review, we first introduce the working principle of TENGs and their working modes, and then summarize the current research status of cellular function regulation and fate determination stimulated by TENGs, and also analyze their application prospects for changing various processes of cell activity. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of TENGs in the fields of life science and biomedical engineering, and propose a variety of possibilities for their potential development direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Gaocai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Huaizhen Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lingli Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Zhen Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials and DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yue Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA MedicineMedical Research Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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25
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Wang Z. Assessing Tumorigenicity in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Products: A Critical Step in Safeguarding Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:857. [PMID: 37508884 PMCID: PMC10376867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. However, their self-renewal and multipotency also raise concerns about their tumorigenicity during and post-therapy. Indeed, multiple studies have reported the presence of stem cell-derived tumors in animal models and clinical administrations. Therefore, the assessment of tumorigenicity is crucial in evaluating the safety of stem cell-derived therapeutic products. Ideally, the assessment needs to be performed rapidly, sensitively, cost-effectively, and scalable. This article reviews various approaches for assessing tumorigenicity, including animal models, soft agar culture, PCR, flow cytometry, and microfluidics. Each method has its advantages and limitations. The selection of the assay depends on the specific needs of the study and the stage of development of the stem cell-derived therapeutic product. Combining multiple assays may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity. Future developments should focus on the optimization and standardization of microfluidics-based methods, as well as the integration of multiple assays into a single platform for efficient and comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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26
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Sierra-Pagan JE, Dsouza N, Das S, Larson TA, Sorensen JR, Ma X, Stan P, Wanberg EJ, Shi X, Garry MG, Gong W, Garry DJ. FOXK1 regulates Wnt signalling to promote cardiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1728-1739. [PMID: 37036809 PMCID: PMC10325700 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common genetic birth defect, which has considerable morbidity and mortality. We focused on deciphering key regulators that govern cardiac progenitors and cardiogenesis. FOXK1 is a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor known to regulate cell cycle kinetics and is restricted to mesodermal progenitors, somites, and heart. In the present study, we define an essential role for FOXK1 during cardiovascular development. METHODS AND RESULTS We used the mouse embryoid body system to differentiate control and Foxk1 KO embryonic stem cells into mesodermal, cardiac progenitor cells and mature cardiac cells. Using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cardiac beating, transcriptional and chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays, bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATACseq) analyses, FOXK1 was observed to be an important regulator of cardiogenesis. Flow cytometry analyses revealed perturbed cardiogenesis in Foxk1 KO embryoid bodies (EBs). Bulk RNAseq analysis at two developmental stages showed a significant reduction of the cardiac molecular program in Foxk1 KO EBs compared to the control EBs. ATACseq analysis during EB differentiation demonstrated that the chromatin landscape nearby known important regulators of cardiogenesis was significantly relaxed in control EBs compared to Foxk1 KO EBs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in the absence of FOXK1, cardiac differentiation was markedly impaired by assaying for cardiac Troponin T expression and cardiac contractility. We demonstrate that FOXK1 is an important regulator of cardiogenesis by repressing the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and thereby promoting differentiation. CONCLUSION These results identify FOXK1 as an essential transcriptional and epigenetic regulator of cardiovascular development. Mechanistically, FOXK1 represses Wnt signalling to promote the development of cardiac progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier E Sierra-Pagan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nikita Dsouza
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Satyabrata Das
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Thijs A Larson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jacob R Sorensen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiao Ma
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Patricia Stan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Erik J Wanberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Xiaozhong Shi
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Mary G Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware ST SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wuming Gong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River ParkwayVCRC 1st Floor, Suite 131 Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware ST SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Dou Y, Liu Y, Di M, Bian H, Sun X, Yang Q. Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3285-3307. [PMID: 37346366 PMCID: PMC10281276 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s409588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale bilayer phospholipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Contained large molecules such as nucleic acid, protein, and lipid, EVs are an integral part of cell communication. The contents of EVs vary based on the cell source and play an important role in both pathological and physiological conditions. EVs can be used as drugs or targets in disease treatment, and changes in the contents of EVs can indicate the progression of diseases. In recent years, with the continuous exploration of the structure, characteristics, and functions of EVs, the potential of engineered EVs for drug delivery and therapy being constantly explored. This review provides a brief overview of the structure, characteristics and functions of EVs, summarizes the advanced application of EVs and outlook on the prospect of it. It is our hope that this review will increase understanding of the current development of medical applications of EVs and help us overcome future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Dou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyuan Di
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanming Bian
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Clinical School of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Matsuguchi S, Hirai Y. Syntaxin4, P-cadherin, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein β as signaling elements in the novel differentiation pathway for cultured embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:27-35. [PMID: 37331168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. However, upon removal of the stemness factors, pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), exhibit EMT-like cell behavior and lose stemness signatures. This process involves the membrane translocation of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin4 (Stx4) and the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule P-cadherin. The forced expression of either of these elements induces the emergence of such phenotypes even in the presence of stemness factors. Interestingly, extracellular Stx4, but not P-cadherin, appears to induce a significant upregulation of the gastrulation-related gene brachyury, along with a slight upregulation of the smooth muscle cell-related gene ACTA2 in ESCs. Furthermore, our findings reveal that extracellular Stx4 plays a role in preventing the elimination of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Notably, the forced overexpression of C/EBPβ led to the downregulation of brachyury and a significant upregulation of ACTA2 in ESCs. These observations suggest that extracellular Stx4 contributes to early mesoderm induction while simultaneously activating an element that alters the differentiation state. The fact that a single differentiation cue can elicit multiple differentiation responses may reflect the challenges associated with achieving sensitive and directed differentiation in cultured stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Matsuguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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Augsornworawat P, Hogrebe NJ, Ishahak M, Schmidt MD, Marquez E, Maestas MM, Veronese-Paniagua DA, Gale SE, Miller JR, Velazco-Cruz L, Millman JR. Single-nucleus multi-omics of human stem cell-derived islets identifies deficiencies in lineage specification. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:904-916. [PMID: 37188763 PMCID: PMC10264244 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-producing β cells created from human pluripotent stem cells have potential as a therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes, but human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (SC-islets) still differ from their in vivo counterparts. To better understand the state of cell types within SC-islets and identify lineage specification deficiencies, we used single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing to analyse chromatin accessibility and transcriptional profiles of SC-islets and primary human islets. Here we provide an analysis that enabled the derivation of gene lists and activity for identifying each SC-islet cell type compared with primary islets. Within SC-islets, we found that the difference between β cells and awry enterochromaffin-like cells is a gradient of cell states rather than a stark difference in identity. Furthermore, transplantation of SC-islets in vivo improved cellular identities overtime, while long-term in vitro culture did not. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of chromatin and transcriptional landscapes during islet cell specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punn Augsornworawat
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Hogrebe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mason D Schmidt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica Marquez
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marlie M Maestas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel A Veronese-Paniagua
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah E Gale
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia R Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Leonardo Velazco-Cruz
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Tian CM, Zhang Y, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Stem Cell Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Achievements and Challenges. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2089-2119. [PMID: 37215379 PMCID: PMC10199681 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s400447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Repeated inflammation can lead to complications, such as intestinal fistula, obstruction, perforation, and bleeding. Unfortunately, achieving durable remission and mucosal healing (MH) with current treatments is difficult. Stem cells (SCs) have the potential to modulate immunity, suppress inflammation, and have anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effects, making them an ideal therapeutic strategy to target chronic inflammation and intestinal damage in IBD. In recent years, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown efficacy in treating IBD. In addition, numerous clinical trials have evaluated the efficiency of MSCs in treating the disease. This review summarizes the current research progress on the safety and efficacy of SC-based therapy for IBD in both preclinical models and clinical trials. We discuss potential mechanisms of SC therapy, including tissue repair, paracrine effects, and the promotion of angiogenesis, immune regulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. We also summarize current SC engineering strategies aimed at enhancing the immunosuppressive and regenerative capabilities of SCs for treating intestinal diseases. Additionally, we highlight current limitations and future perspectives of SC-related therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Abuarqoub D, Adwan S, Zaza R, Wehaibi S, Aslam N, Jafar H, Qinnah N, Awidi A. Effective Generation of Functional Pancreatic β Cells from Human-Derived Dental Stem Cells of Apical Papilla and Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050649. [PMID: 37242432 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is an autoimmune disease that occurs due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells (β cells), resulting in hyperglycemia. Therefore, diabetic patients depend on insulin treatment for the rest of their lives. Stem cells are considered a promising cellular therapy to replace the nonfunctional beta cells with functional and mature beta cells. Hence, in this study, we aimed to examine the potential of dental stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) to differentiate into functional islet cell aggregates (ICAs), compared to the ICA generated from bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BM-MSCs). Our strategy was to induce the differentiation of SCAP and BM-MSCs into a definitive endoderm. The success of endodermal differentiation was determined by measuring the expression of definitive endodermal markers, FOXA2 and SOX-17, by flow cytometry. Next, the maturity and functionality of the differentiated cells were evaluated by measuring the amount of insulin and C-peptide secreted by the derived ICAs using ELISA. Additionally, the expression of mature beta cell markers-insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and PDX-1-was detected through confocal microscopy, while the staining of the mature islet-like clusters was detected by using diphenythiocarbazone (DTZ). Our results have shown that both SCAP and BM-MSCs were sequentially committed to a definitive pancreatic endoderm and β-cell-like cells by upregulating the expression of FOXA2 and SOX17 significantly (**** p < 0.0000 and *** p = 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, the identity of ICAs was confirmed by DTZ-positive staining, as well as by the expression of C-peptide, Pdx-1, insulin and glucagon at day 14. It was noted that at day 14, differentiated ICAs released insulin and C-peptides in a significant manner (* p < 0.01, *** p = 0.0001), respectively, exhibiting in vitro functionality. Our results demonstrated for the first time that SCAP could be differentiated into pancreatic cell lineage in a similar manner to BM-MSCs, suggesting a new unambiguous and nonconventional source of stem cells that could be used for stem cell therapy to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sofia Adwan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Rand Zaza
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nidal Qinnah
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPP), University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Ahn C, Jeong S, Jeung EB. Mitochondrial dynamics when mitochondrial toxic chemicals exposed in 3D cultured mouse embryonic stem cell. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:239-249. [PMID: 37008696 PMCID: PMC10050276 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria need to use considerable energy for the intracellular organelles that produce ATP. They are abundant in the cells of organs, such as muscles, liver, and kidneys. The heart, which requires a lot of energy, is also rich in mitochondria. Mitochondrial damage can induce cell death. Doxorubicin, acetaminophen, valproic acid, amiodarone, and hydroxytamoxifen are representative substances that induce mitochondrial damage. On the other hand, the effects of this substance on the progress of cardiomyocyte-differentiating stem cells have not been investigated. Therefore, a 3D cultured embryonic body toxicity test was performed. The results confirmed that the cytotoxic effects on cardiomyocytes were due to mitochondrial damage in the stage of cardiomyocyte differentiation. After drug treatment, the cells were raised in the embryoid body state for four days to obtain the ID50 values, and the levels of mRNA expression associated with the mitochondrial complex were examined. The mitochondrial DNA copy numbers were also compared to prove that the substance affects the number of mitochondria in EB-state cardiomyocytes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00161-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Ahn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - SunHwa Jeong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
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Abdal Dayem A, Lee SB, Lim KM, Kim A, Shin HJ, Vellingiri B, Kim YB, Cho SG. Bioactive peptides for boosting stem cell culture platform: Methods and applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114376. [PMID: 36764131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, short protein fragments, can emulate the functions of their full-length native counterparts. Peptides are considered potent recombinant protein alternatives due to their specificity, high stability, low production cost, and ability to be easily tailored and immobilized. Stem cell proliferation and differentiation processes are orchestrated by an intricate interaction between numerous growth factors and proteins and their target receptors and ligands. Various growth factors, functional proteins, and cellular matrix-derived peptides efficiently enhance stem cell adhesion, proliferation, and directed differentiation. For that, peptides can be immobilized on a culture plate or conjugated to scaffolds, such as hydrogels or synthetic matrices. In this review, we assess the applications of a variety of peptides in stem cell adhesion, culture, organoid assembly, proliferation, and differentiation, describing the shortcomings of recombinant proteins and their full-length counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges of peptide applications in stem cell culture and materials design, as well as provide a brief outlook on future directions to advance peptide applications in boosting stem cell quality and scalability for clinical applications in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technology Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne co., ltd. 303, Life Science Bldg, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Khandaker M, Lane R, Yeakley S, Alizereej H, Nikfarjam S, Ait Moussa A, Vaughan MB, Haleem AM. Evaluation of a Bioabsorbable Scaffold and Interlocked Nail System for Segmental Bone Defect. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040183. [PMID: 37103273 PMCID: PMC10141685 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we designed and manufactured a scaffold and fixation system for the reconstruction of long-bone segmental defects in a rabbit tibia model. We used biocompatible and biodegradable materials, polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL soaked with sodium alginate (PCL-Alg) to manufacture the scaffold, interlocking nail and screws using a phase separation casing method. Degradation and mechanical tests on the PCL and PCL-Alg scaffolds indicated that both were suitable for faster degradation and early weight-bearing capacity. PCL scaffold surface porosity facilitated the infiltration of alginate hydrogel through the scaffold. Cell viability results showed that the number of cells increased on Day 7 and decreased marginally by Day 14. For accurate placement of the scaffold and fixation system, a surgical jig was designed and 3D-printed using biocompatible resin in a stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer, then cured with UV light for increased strength. Our cadaver tests using New Zealand White rabbit confirmed our novel jigs’ potential for accurate placement of the bone scaffold, intramedullary nail and the alignment of the fixation screws in future reconstructive surgeries on rabbit long-bone segmental defects. Additionally, the cadaver tests confirmed that our designed nails and screws were strong enough to carry the surgical insertion force. Therefore, our designed prototype has the potential for further clinical translational study using the rabbit tibia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morshed Khandaker
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-974-5935; Fax: +1-405-974-3812
| | - Reuben Lane
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Shannon Yeakley
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Hussein Alizereej
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Sadegh Nikfarjam
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Abdellah Ait Moussa
- School of Engineering, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Melville B. Vaughan
- Department of Biology, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Amgad M. Haleem
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Regulation of Cell Plasticity by Bromodomain and Extraterminal Domain (BET) Proteins: A New Perspective in Glioblastoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065665. [PMID: 36982740 PMCID: PMC10055343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BET proteins are a family of multifunctional epigenetic readers, mainly involved in transcriptional regulation through chromatin modelling. Transcriptome handling ability of BET proteins suggests a key role in the modulation of cell plasticity, both in fate decision and in lineage commitment during embryonic development and in pathogenic conditions, including cancerogenesis. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of glioma, characterized by a very poor prognosis despite the application of a multimodal therapy. Recently, new insights are emerging about the glioblastoma cellular origin, leading to the hypothesis that several putative mechanisms occur during gliomagenesis. Interestingly, epigenome dysregulation associated with loss of cellular identity and functions are emerging as crucial features of glioblastoma pathogenesis. Therefore, the emerging roles of BET protein in glioblastoma onco-biology and the compelling demand for more effective therapeutic strategies suggest that BET family members could be promising targets for translational breakthroughs in glioblastoma treatment. Primarily, “Reprogramming Therapy”, which is aimed at reverting the malignant phenotype, is now considered a promising strategy for GBM therapy.
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Treherne JM, Miller AF. Novel hydrogels: are they poised to transform 3D cell-based assay systems in early drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:335-346. [PMID: 36722285 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2175813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Success in drug discovery remains unpredictable. However, more predictive and relevant disease models are becoming pivotal to demonstrating the clinical benefits of new drugs earlier in the lengthy drug discovery process. Novel hydrogel scaffolds are being developed to transform the relevance of such 3D cell-based in vitro assay systems. AREAS COVERED Most traditional hydrogels are still of unknown composition and suffer significant batch-to-batch variations, which lead to technical constraints. This article looks at how a new generation of novel synthetic hydrogels that are based on self-assembling peptides are poised to transform 3D cell-based assay systems by improving their relevance, reproducibility and scalability. EXPERT OPINION The emerging advantages of using these novel hydrogels for human 3D screening assays should enable the discovery of more cost-effective drugs, leading to improved patient benefits. Such a disruptive change could also reduce the considerable time lag from obtaining in vitro assay data to initiating clinical trials. There is now a sufficient body of data available in the literature to enable this ambition to become a reality by significantly improving the predictive validity of 3D cell-based assays in early drug discovery. Novel hydrogels are key to unlocking the full potential of these assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mark Treherne
- Talisman Therapeutics Ltd, Jonas Webb Building and Cell Guidance Sysyems Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aline F Miller
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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Regulatory role of apelin receptor signaling in migration and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived mesoderm cells and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Hum Cell 2023; 36:612-630. [PMID: 36692671 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesoderm-derived cells, including bone, muscle, and mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), constitute various parts of vertebrate body. Cell therapy with mesoderm specification in vitro may be a promising treatment for diseases affecting organs of mesodermal origin. Repair and regeneration of damaged organs with in vitro generation of mesoderm-derived tissues and MSCs hold a great potential for regenerative therapy. Therefore, understanding the signaling pathways involving mesoderm and mesoderm-derived cellular differentiation is important. Previous findings indicated the importance of Apelin receptor (Aplnr) signaling, during embryonic development, in gastrulation, cell migration, and differentiation. Nevertheless, regulatory role of Aplnr pathway in differentiation of mesoderm and mesoderm-derived MSCs remains unclear. In the current study, we tried to elucidate the role of Aplnr signaling during mesoderm cell migration and differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). By activating and suppressing Aplnr signaling pathway via peptide, small molecule, and genetic modifications including siRNA- and shRNA-mediated knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout (KO), we revealed that Aplnr signaling not only induces migration of cells during germ layer formation but also enhances mesoderm differentiation through FGF/MAPK pathway. Antibody array and LC/MS protein profiling data demonstrated that Apelin-13 treatment enhanced cell cycle, EGFR, FGF, Wnt, and Integrin signaling pathway proteins. Furthermore, Aplelin-13 treatment improved MSC characteristics, with mesenchymal phenotype and high expression of MSC markers, and silencing Aplnr signaling components resulted in significantly reduced expression of MSC markers. Also, Aplnr signaling activity enhanced proliferation and survival of the cells during MSC derivation from mesoderm.
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38
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Mahdavi-Jouibari F, Parseh B, Kazeminejad E, Khosravi A. Hopes and opportunities of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in cartilage tissue regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1021024. [PMID: 36860887 PMCID: PMC9968979 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage lesions are common conditions, affecting elderly and non-athletic populations. Despite recent advances, cartilage regeneration remains a major challenge today. The absence of an inflammatory response following damage and the inability of stem cells to penetrate into the healing site due to the absence of blood and lymph vessels are assumed to hinder joint repair. Stem cell-based regeneration and tissue engineering have opened new horizons for treatment. With advances in biological sciences, especially stem cell research, the function of various growth factors in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation has been established. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissues have been shown to increase into therapeutically relevant cell numbers and differentiate into mature chondrocytes. As MSCs can differentiate and become engrafted inside the host, they are considered suitable candidates for cartilage regeneration. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) provide a novel and non-invasive source of MSCs. Due to their simple isolation, chondrogenic differentiation potential, and minimal immunogenicity, they can be an interesting option for cartilage regeneration. Recent studies have reported that SHED-derived secretome contains biomolecules and compounds that efficiently promote regeneration in damaged tissues, including cartilage. Overall, this review highlighted the advances and challenges of cartilage regeneration using stem cell-based therapies by focusing on SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Mahdavi-Jouibari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Benyamin Parseh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ezatolah Kazeminejad
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Dental Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,*Correspondence: Ezatolah Kazeminejad, Dr. ; Ayyoob Khosravi,
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Yang Y, Wang X, Tan Y, Xu Y, Guo X, Wu Y, Wang W, Jing R, Zhu F, Ye D, Zhang Q, Lu C, Kang J, Wang G. LncCMRR Plays an Important Role in Cardiac Differentiation by Regulating the Purb/Flk1 Axis. Stem Cells 2023; 41:11-25. [PMID: 36318802 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As crucial epigenetic regulators, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical functions in development processes and various diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs in early heart development is still limited. In this study, we identified cardiac mesoderm-related lncRNA (LncCMRR). Knockout (KO) of LncCMRR decreased the formation potential of cardiac mesoderm and cardiomyocytes during embryoid body differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Mechanistic analyses showed that LncCMRR functionally interacted with the transcription suppressor PURB and inhibited its binding potential at the promoter region of Flk1, which safeguarded the transcription of Flk1 during cardiac mesoderm formation. We also carried out gene ontology term and signaling pathway enrichment analyses for the differentially expressed genes after KO of LncCMRR, and found significant correlation of LncCMRR with cardiac muscle contraction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Consistently, the expression level of Flk1 at E7.75 and the thickness of myocardium at E17.5 were significantly decreased after KO of LncCMRR, and the survival rate and heart function index of LncCMRR-KO mice were also significantly decreased as compared with the wild-type group. These findings indicated that the defects in early heart development led to functional abnormalities in adulthood heart of LncCMRR-KO mice. Conclusively, our findings elucidate the main function and regulatory mechanism of LncCMRR in cardiac mesoderm formation, and provide new insights into lncRNA-mediated regulatory network of mouse ES cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Xu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuchan Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Jing
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fugui Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingquan Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqi Lu
- Department of Computational Biology, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Legier T, Rattier D, Llewellyn J, Vannier T, Sorre B, Maina F, Dono R. Epithelial disruption drives mesendoderm differentiation in human pluripotent stem cells by enabling TGF-β protein sensing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:349. [PMID: 36681697 PMCID: PMC9867713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The processes of primitive streak formation and fate specification in the mammalian epiblast rely on complex interactions between morphogens and tissue organization. Little is known about how these instructive cues functionally interact to regulate gastrulation. We interrogated the interplay between tissue organization and morphogens by using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) downregulated for the morphogen regulator GLYPICAN-4, in which defects in tight junctions result in areas of disrupted epithelial integrity. Remarkably, this phenotype does not affect hiPSC stemness, but impacts on cell fate acquisition. Strikingly, cells within disrupted areas become competent to perceive the gastrulation signals BMP4 and ACTIVIN A, an in vitro surrogate for NODAL, and thus differentiate into mesendoderm. Yet, disruption of epithelial integrity sustains activation of BMP4 and ACTIVIN A downstream effectors and correlates with enhanced hiPSC endoderm/mesoderm differentiation. Altogether, our results disclose epithelial integrity as a key determinant of TGF-β activity and highlight an additional mechanism guiding morphogen sensing and spatial cell fate change within an epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Legier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France
| | - Diane Rattier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France
| | - Jack Llewellyn
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Vannier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Sorre
- Institut Curie, Universite ́PSL, Sorbonne Universite ́, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France
| | - Rosanna Dono
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, NeuroMarseille, Marseille, France.
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Wang J, An M, Haubner BJ, Penninger JM. Cardiac regeneration: Options for repairing the injured heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:981982. [PMID: 36712238 PMCID: PMC9877631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration is one of the grand challenges in repairing injured human hearts. Numerous studies of signaling pathways and metabolism on cardiac development and disease pave the way for endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration. New drug delivery approaches, high-throughput screening, as well as novel therapeutic compounds combined with gene editing will facilitate the development of potential cell-free therapeutics. In parallel, progress has been made in the field of cell-based therapies. Transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can partially rescue the myocardial defects caused by cardiomyocyte loss in large animals. In this review, we summarize current cell-based and cell-free regenerative therapies, discuss the importance of cardiomyocyte maturation in cardiac regenerative medicine, and envision new ways of regeneration for the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meilin An
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Johannes Haubner
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology), Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, VBC – Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria,*Correspondence: Josef M. Penninger,
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42
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Wnt signaling in stem cells during development and cell lineage specification. Curr Top Dev Biol 2023; 153:121-143. [PMID: 36967192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
During embryo development, cell proliferation, cell fate specification and tissue patterning are coordinated and tightly regulated by a handful of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways activated by secreted growth factor families including fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Hedgehog and Wnt. The spatial and temporal activation of these signaling pathways elicit context-specific cellular responses that ultimately shape the different tissues of the embryo. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying these signaling pathways during embryo development, adult tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In this review, we first describe the role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during early embryo development, axis specification and cell differentiation as a prelude to highlight how this knowledge is being leveraged to manipulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity with small molecules and biologics for the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into various cell lineages that are physiologically relevant for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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43
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Xie N, Chan SSK. Producing Engraftable Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors from Pluripotent Stem Cells via Teratoma Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2640:175-189. [PMID: 36995595 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3036-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Generating engraftable skeletal muscle progenitor cells is a promising cell therapy approach to treating degenerating muscle diseases. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) is an ideal cell source for cell therapy because of its unlimited proliferative capability and potential to differentiate into multiple lineages. Approaches such as ectopic overexpression of myogenic transcription factors and growth factors-directed monolayer differentiation, while able to differentiate PSCs into the skeletal myogenic lineage in vitro, are limited in producing muscle cells that reliably engraft upon transplantation. Here we present a novel method to differentiate mouse PSCs into skeletal myogenic progenitors without genetic modification or monolayer culture. We make use of forming a teratoma, in which skeletal myogenic progenitors can be routinely obtained. We first inject mouse PSCs into the limb muscle of an immuno-compromised mouse. Within 3-4 weeks, α7-integrin+ VCAM-1+ skeletal myogenic progenitors are purified by fluorescent-activated cell sorting. We further transplant these teratoma-derived skeletal myogenic progenitors into dystrophin-deficient mice to assess engraftment efficiency. This teratoma formation strategy is capable of generating skeletal myogenic progenitors with high regenerative potency from PSCs without genetic modifications or growth factors supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Lillehei Heart Institute and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sunny S K Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Lillehei Heart Institute and Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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44
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Jin L, Han Z, Jiang Z, Lu J, Wu Y, Yan B, Zhang W, Lin X, Jiang L, Zhao P, Sun K. Integrated genomic analysis identifies novel low-frequency cis-regulatory variant rs2279658 associated with VSD risk in Chinese children. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1062403. [PMID: 36568976 PMCID: PMC9773552 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1062403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
VSD combined with other cardiac or extracardiac malformations (defined as "complex VSD" by us) is one of the major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Functional non-coding SNPs (cis-regulatory SNPs) have not been systematically studied in CHDs, including complex VSD. Here we report an exome-wide association analysis using WES data of 60 PA/VSD cases, 20 TOF cases and 100 controls in Chinese children. We identify 93 low-frequency non-coding SNPs associated with complex VSD risk. A functional genomics pipeline integrating ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and promoter CHi-C recognizes the rs2279658 variant as a candidate cis-regulatory SNP. Specifically, rs2279658 resides in a cardiac-specific enhancer bound by FOXH1 and PITX2, and would abrogate binding of these two transcription factors to the identified enhancer during cardiac morphogenesis. COQ2 and FAM175A are predicted to be target genes for "rs2279658-FOXH1 or PITX2" pairs in the heart. These findings highlight the importance of cis-regulatory SNPs in the pathogenesis of complex VSD and broaden our understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Jin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyuan Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Jiang
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jieru Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Children’s Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yizhuo Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Weibin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lvyan Jiang
- Ping’an Community Healthcare Center Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Pengjun Zhao, ; Kun Sun,
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Pengjun Zhao, ; Kun Sun,
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45
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Kwon OS, Na HJ, Ahn J, Chung KS. Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line, KRIBBi006-A, from peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a healthy male donor. Stem Cell Res 2022; 65:102950. [PMID: 36283271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the advantage of being able to be extracted by a minimally invasive method, blood is regarded as a suitable cell source for reprogramming to establish induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Therefore, iPSCs established from patient derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is widely used to develop disease modeling to elucidate disease development. Here, PBMCs from a healthy man were reprogrammed into iPSCs using the Sendai virus. The established iPSC line, KRIBBi006-A, exhibit pluripotency marker and can differentiate into the three germ layers in vitro with normal karyotype. This iPSC line is a valuable resource as a control line for stem cell research of disease models and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Seon Kwon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Jin Na
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseon-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajungro, Yuseon-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Koh YE, Choi EH, Kim JW, Kim KP. The Kleisin Subunits of Cohesin are Involved in the Fate Determination of Embryonic Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2022; 45:820-832. [PMID: 36172976 PMCID: PMC9676991 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a potential candidate to generate an everlasting cell source to treat various diseases, embryonic stem cells are regarded as a promising therapeutic tool in the regenerative medicine field. Cohesin, a multi-functional complex that controls various cellular activities, plays roles not only in organizing chromosome dynamics but also in controlling transcriptional activities related to self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells. Here, we report a novel role of the α-kleisin subunits of cohesin (RAD21 and REC8) in the maintenance of the balance between these two stem-cell processes. By knocking down REC8, RAD21, or the non-kleisin cohesin subunit SMC3 in mouse embryonic stem cells, we show that reduction in cohesin level impairs their self-renewal. Interestingly, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that knocking down each cohesin subunit enables the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into specific lineages. Specifically, embryonic stem cells in which cohesin subunit RAD21 were knocked down differentiated into cells expressing neural alongside germline lineage markers. Thus, we conclude that cohesin appears to control the fate determination of embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Eun Koh
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Genexine Inc., Bio Innovation Park, Seoul 07789, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Keun Pil Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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47
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Wang J, Morgan W, Saini A, Liu T, Lough J, Han L. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals specific maturation signatures in human cardiomyocytes derived from LMNB2-inactivated induced pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895162. [PMID: 36518540 PMCID: PMC9742441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocyte maturation entails phenotypic and functional optimization during the late fetal and postnatal phases of heart development, both processes driven and coordinated by complex gene regulatory networks. Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are heterogenous and immature, barely resembling their adult in vivo counterparts. To characterize relevant developmental programs and maturation states during human iPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation, we performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing, which revealed six cardiomyocyte subpopulations, whose heterogeneity was defined by cell cycle and maturation states. Two of those subpopulations were characterized by a mature, non-proliferative transcriptional profile. To further investigate the proliferation-maturation transition in cardiomyocytes, we induced loss-of-function of LMNB2, which represses cell cycle progression in primary cardiomyocytes in vivo. This resulted in increased maturation in LMNB2-inactivated cardiomyocytes, characterized by transcriptional profiles related to myofibril structure and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we identified maturation signatures and maturational trajectories unique for control and LMNB2-inactivated cardiomyocytes. By comparing these datasets with single-cell transcriptomes of human fetal hearts, we were able to define spatiotemporal maturation states in human iPSC-cardiomyocytes. Our results provide an integrated approach for comparing in vitro-differentiated cardiomyocytes with their in vivo counterparts and suggest a strategy to promote cardiomyocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William Morgan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ankur Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Lough
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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48
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Bigas A, Galán Palma L, Kartha GM, Giorgetti A. Using Pluripotent Stem Cells to Understand Normal and Leukemic Hematopoietic Development. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1123-1134. [PMID: 36398586 PMCID: PMC9672852 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Several decades have passed since the generation of the first embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines both in mice and in humans. Since then, stem cell biologists have tried to understand their potential biological and clinical uses for their implementation in regenerative medicine. The hematopoietic field was a pioneer in establishing the potential use for the development of blood cell products and clinical applications; however, early expectations have been truncated by the difficulty in generating bonafide hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Despite some progress in understanding the origin of HSCs during embryonic development, the reproduction of this process in vitro is still not possible, but the knowledge acquired in the embryo is slowly being implemented for mouse and human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). In contrast, ESC-derived hematopoietic cells may recapitulate some leukemic transformation processes when exposed to oncogenic drivers. This would be especially useful to model prenatal leukemia development or other leukemia-predisposing syndromes, which are difficult to study. In this review, we will review the state of the art of the use of PSCs as a model for hematopoietic and leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Galán Palma
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gayathri M Kartha
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Hazra R, Brine L, Garcia L, Benz B, Chirathivat N, Shen MM, Wilkinson JE, Lyons SK, Spector DL. Platr4 is an early embryonic lncRNA that exerts its function downstream on cardiogenic mesodermal lineage commitment. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2450-2468.e7. [PMID: 36347239 PMCID: PMC9680017 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes thousands of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), many of which are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed across tissues, suggesting their potential roles in cellular differentiation. Despite this expression pattern, little is known about how lncRNAs influence lineage commitment at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that perturbation of an embryonic stem cell/early embryonic lncRNA, pluripotency-associated transcript 4 (Platr4), directly influences the specification of cardiac-mesoderm-lineage differentiation. We show that Platr4 acts as a molecular scaffold or chaperone interacting with the Hippo-signaling pathway molecules Yap and Tead4 to regulate the expression of a downstream target gene, Ctgf, which is crucial to the cardiac-lineage program. Importantly, Platr4 knockout mice exhibit myocardial atrophy and valve mucinous degeneration, which are both associated with reduced cardiac output and sudden heart failure. Together, our findings provide evidence that Platr4 is required in cardiac-lineage specification and adult heart function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmani Hazra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Lily Brine
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Libia Garcia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Brian Benz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Napon Chirathivat
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael M Shen
- Departments of Medicine, Genetics and Development, Urology, and Systems Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Scott K Lyons
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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50
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Kong X, Yan K, Deng P, Fu H, Sun H, Huang W, Jiang S, Dai J, Zhang QC, Liu JJG, Xi Q. LncRNA-Smad7 mediates cross-talk between Nodal/TGF-β and BMP signaling to regulate cell fate determination of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:10526-10543. [PMID: 36134711 PMCID: PMC9561265 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily proteins are potent regulators of cellular development and differentiation. Nodal/Activin/TGF-β and BMP ligands are both present in the intra- and extracellular milieu during early development, and cross-talk between these two branches of developmental signaling is currently the subject of intense research focus. Here, we show that the Nodal induced lncRNA-Smad7 regulates cell fate determination via repression of BMP signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Depletion of lncRNA-Smad7 dramatically impairs cardiomyocyte differentiation in mESCs. Moreover, lncRNA-Smad7 represses Bmp2 expression through binding with the Bmp2 promoter region via (CA)12-repeats that forms an R-loop. Importantly, Bmp2 knockdown rescues defects in cardiomyocyte differentiation induced by lncRNA-Smad7 knockdown. Hence, lncRNA-Smad7 antagonizes BMP signaling in mESCs, and similarly regulates cell fate determination between osteocyte and myocyte formation in C2C12 mouse myoblasts. Moreover, lncRNA-Smad7 associates with hnRNPK in mESCs and hnRNPK binds at the Bmp2 promoter, potentially contributing to Bmp2 expression repression. The antagonistic effects between Nodal/TGF-β and BMP signaling via lncRNA-Smad7 described in this work provides a framework for understanding cell fate determination in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Pujuan Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haipeng Fu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongyao Sun
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenze Huang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuangying Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junbiao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology & Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Jie Gogo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiaoran Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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