1
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Lieu AS, Pan YC, Lee JH, Hsieh YC, Lin CJ, Hsu YL, Chang KC, Kuo SH, Tseng TT, Tsai HP. Antitumor Efficacy of Arylquin 1 through Dose-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Synergy with Radiotherapy in Glioblastoma Models. Biomedicines 2024; 12:907. [PMID: 38672261 PMCID: PMC11048020 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain cancer, is characterized by rapid growth and resistance to conventional therapies. Current treatments offer limited effectiveness, leading to poor survival rates and the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Arylquin 1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic candidate because of its unique mechanism of inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without affecting normal cells. This study investigated the efficacy of Arylquin 1 against GBM using the GBM8401 and A172 cells by assessing its dose-dependent cytotoxicity, apoptosis induction, and synergy with radiotherapy. In vitro assays demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and increased apoptosis, particularly at high concentrations of Arylquin 1. Migration and invasion analyses revealed notable inhibition of cellular motility. In vivo experiments on NU/NU nude mice with intracranially implanted GBM cells revealed that Arylquin 1 substantially reduced tumor growth, an effect magnified by concurrent radiotherapy. These findings indicate that by promoting apoptosis and enhancing radiosensitivity, Arylquin 1 is a potent therapeutic option for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Pan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.P.); (Y.-L.H.)
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Chin Hsieh
- School of Medicine for International Students, I-Shou University, Kaoshiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Ju Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.P.); (Y.-L.H.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Hsun Kuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (A.-S.L.); (T.-T.T.)
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2
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Zeng S, Wang Y, Chen C, Kim H, Liu X, Jiang M, Yu Y, Kafuti YS, Chen Q, Wang J, Peng X, Li H, Yoon J. An ER-targeted, Viscosity-sensitive Hemicyanine Dye for the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy by Activating Pyroptosis Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316487. [PMID: 38197735 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The concept of molecular design, integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions, aligns with the general trend of modern medical advancement. Herein, we rationally designed the smart molecule ER-ZS for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted diagnosis and treatment in cell and animal models by combining hemicyanine dyes with ER-targeted functional groups (p-toluenesulfonamide). Owing to its ability to target the ER with a highly specific response to viscosity, ER-ZS demonstrated substantial fluorescence turn-on only after binding to the ER, independent of other physiological environments. In addition, ER-ZS, being a small molecule, allows for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via liver imaging based on high ER stress. Importantly, ER-ZS is a type I photosensitizer, producing O2 ⋅- and ⋅OH under light irradiation. Thus, after irradiating for a certain period, the photodynamic therapy inflicted severe oxidative damage to the ER of tumor cells in hypoxic (2 % O2 ) conditions and activated the unique pyroptosis pathway, demonstrating excellent antitumor capacity in xenograft tumor models. Hence, the proposed strategy will likely shed new light on integrating molecular optics for NAFLD diagnosis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Chen Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Heejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiaosheng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Maojun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yichu Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yves S Kafuti
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Qixian Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Hi-tech Zone, 116024, Dalian, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Medical Engineering for Gastrointestinal Carcinoma, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute), 110042, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 03760, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Yuan Y, Fan J, Liang D, Wang S, Luo X, Zhu Y, Liu N, Xiang T, Zhao X. Cell surface GRP78-directed CAR-T cells are effective at treating human pancreatic cancer in preclinical models. Transl Oncol 2024; 39:101803. [PMID: 37897831 PMCID: PMC10630660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal solid malignancy with limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has been successfully applied to treat hematological malignancies, but faces many challenges in solid tumors. One major challenge is the shortage of tumor-selective targets. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) is highly expressed on various solid cancer cells including pancreatic cancer, but not normal cells, providing a potential target for CAR-T cell therapy in pancreatic cancer. Here, we demonstrated that csGRP78-directed CAR-T (GRP78-CAR-T) cells effectively killed the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Bxpc-3-luc, Aspc-1-luc and MIA PaCa-2-luc, and pancreatic cancer stem-like cells derived from Aspc-1-luc cells and MIA PaCa-2-luc cells in vitro by a luciferase-based cytotoxicity assay. Importantly, we showed that GRP78-CAR-T cells efficiently homed to and infiltrated Aspc-1-luc cell-derived xenografts and significantly inhibited pancreatic tumor growth in vivo by performing mouse xenograft experiments. Interestingly, we found that gemcitabine treatment increased csGRP78 expression in gemcitabine-resistant MIA PaCa-2-luc cells, and the coapplication of gemcitabine with GRP78-CAR-T cells led to a robust cytotoxic effect on these cells in vitro. Taken together, our study demonstrates that csGRP78-directed CAR-T cells, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, selectively and efficiently target csGRP78-expressing pancreatic cancer cells to suppress pancreatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncang Yuan
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiawei Fan
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Development and Application of Human Major Disease Monkey Model Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Hengshu Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Yibin 644600, China
| | - Yongjie Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Xudong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Khater I, Nassar A. A computational peptide model induces cancer cells' apoptosis by docking Kringle 5 to GRP78. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:25. [PMID: 37553635 PMCID: PMC10408047 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells can die through a process called apoptosis in both pathological and healthy conditions. Cancer development and progression may result from abnormal apoptosis. The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is increased on the surface of cancer cells. Kringle 5, a cell apoptosis agent, is bound to GRP78 to induce cancer cell apoptosis. Kringle 5 was docked to GRP78 using ClusPro 2.0. The interaction between Kringle 5 and GRP78 was investigated. RESULTS The interacting amino acids were found to be localized in three areas of Kringle 5. The proposed peptide is made up of secondary structure amino acids that contain Kringle 5 interaction residues. The 3D structure of the peptide model amino acids was created using the PEP-FOLD3 web tool. CONCLUSIONS The proposed peptide completely binds to the GRP78 binding site on the Kringle 5, signaling that it might be effective in the apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Khater
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aaya Nassar
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
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5
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Gu Z, Wang L, Dong Q, Xu K, Ye J, Shao X, Yang S, Lu C, Chang C, Hou Y, Zhai Y, Wang X, He F, Sun A. Aberrant LYZ expression in tumor cells serves as the potential biomarker and target for HCC and promotes tumor progression via csGRP78. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215744120. [PMID: 37428911 PMCID: PMC10629575 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215744120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) takes the predominant malignancy of hepatocytes with bleak outcomes owing to high heterogeneity among patients. Personalized treatments based on molecular profiles will better improve patients' prognosis. Lysozyme (LYZ), a secretory protein with antibacterial function generally expressed in monocytes/macrophages, has been observed for the prognostic implications in different types of tumors. However, studies about the explicit applicative scenarios and mechanisms for tumor progression are still quite limited, especially for HCC. Here, based on the proteomic molecular classification data of early-stage HCC, we revealed that the LYZ level was elevated significantly in the most malignant HCC subtype and could serve as an independent prognostic predictor for HCC patients. Molecular profiles of LYZ-high HCCs were typical of those for the most malignant HCC subtype, with impaired metabolism, along with promoted proliferation and metastasis characteristics. Further studies demonstrated that LYZ tended to be aberrantly expressed in poorly differentiated HCC cells, which was regulated by STAT3 activation. LYZ promoted HCC proliferation and migration in both autocrine and paracrine manners independent of the muramidase activity through the activation of downstream protumoral signaling pathways via cell surface GRP78. Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumor models indicated that targeting LYZ inhibited HCC growth markedly in NOD/SCID mice. These results propose LYZ as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the subclass of HCC with an aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics-driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Qian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Kaikun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Jingnan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Xianfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Songpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Cuixiu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics-driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Yushan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics-driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics-driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing102206, China
| | - Aihua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing102206, China
- Research Unit of Proteomics-driven Cancer Precision Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing102206, China
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6
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Zhou C, Liu Y, Wei Q, Chen Y, Yang S, Cheng A, Zhang G. HSPA5 Promotes Attachment and Internalization of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus through Interaction with the Spike Protein and the Endo-/Lysosomal Pathway. J Virol 2023; 97:e0054923. [PMID: 37222617 PMCID: PMC10308931 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00549-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused huge economic losses to the global pig industry. The swine enteric coronavirus spike (S) protein recognizes various cell surface molecules to regulate viral infection. In this study, we identified 211 host membrane proteins related to the S1 protein by pulldown combined with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Among these, heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5) was identified through screening as having a specific interaction with the PEDV S protein, and positive regulation of PEDV infection was validated by knockdown and overexpression tests. Further studies verified the role of HSPA5 in viral attachment and internalization. In addition, we found that HSPA5 interacts with S proteins through its nucleotide-binding structural domain (NBD) and that polyclonal antibodies can block viral infection. In detail, HSPA5 was found to be involved in viral trafficking via the endo-/lysosomal pathway. Inhibition of HSPA5 activity during internalization would reduce the subcellular colocalization of PEDV with lysosomes in the endo-/lysosomal pathway. Together, these findings show that HSPA5 is a novel PEDV potential target for the creation of therapeutic drugs. IMPORTANCE PEDV infection causes severe piglet mortality and threatens the global pig industry. However, the complex invasion mechanism of PEDV makes its prevention and control difficult. Here, we determined that HSPA5 is a novel target for PEDV which interacts with its S protein and is involved in viral attachment and internalization, influencing its transport via the endo-/lysosomal pathway. Our work extends knowledge about the relationship between the PEDV S and host proteins and provides a new therapeutic target against PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjie Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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7
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Pandey S, Raut KK, Clark AM, Baudin A, Djemri L, Libich DS, Ponniah K, Pascal SM. Enhancing the Conformational Stability of the cl-Par-4 Tumor Suppressor via Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040667. [PMID: 37189414 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins play important roles in cell signaling, and dysregulation of these proteins is associated with several diseases. Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), an approximately 40 kilodalton proapoptotic tumor suppressor, is a predominantly intrinsically disordered protein whose downregulation has been observed in various cancers. The caspase-cleaved fragment of Par-4 (cl-Par-4) is active and plays a role in tumor suppression by inhibiting cell survival pathways. Here, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to create a cl-Par-4 point mutant (D313K). The expressed and purified D313K protein was characterized using biophysical techniques, and the results were compared to that of the wild-type (WT). We have previously demonstrated that WT cl-Par-4 attains a stable, compact, and helical conformation in the presence of a high level of salt at physiological pH. Here, we show that the D313K protein attains a similar conformation as the WT in the presence of salt, but at an approximately two times lower salt concentration. This establishes that the substitution of a basic residue for an acidic residue at position 313 alleviates inter-helical charge repulsion between dimer partners and helps to stabilize the structural conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Pandey
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Krishna K Raut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Andrea M Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Antoine Baudin
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lamya Djemri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - David S Libich
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Komala Ponniah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Steven M Pascal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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8
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Burikhanov R, Ganguly S, Ellingson S, Sviripa VM, Araujo N, Li S, Venkatraman P, Rao M, Choughule A, Brainson CF, Zhan CG, Spielmann HP, Watt DS, Govindan R, Rangnekar VM. Crizotinib induces Par-4 secretion from normal cells and GRP78 expression on the cancer cell surface for selective tumor growth inhibition. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:976-991. [PMID: 37034206 PMCID: PMC10077052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer cells develop resistance to apoptosis by suppressing the secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4 protein (also known as PAWR) and/or down-modulating the Par-4 receptor GRP78 on the cell surface (csGRP78). We sought to identify FDA-approved drugs that elevate csGRP78 on the surface of lung cancer cells and induce Par-4 secretion from the cancer cells and/or normal cells in order to inhibit cancer growth in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In an unbiased screen, we identified crizotinib (CZT), an inhibitor of activated ALK/MET/ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase, as an inducer of csGRP78 expression in ALK-negative, KRAS or EGFR mutant lung cancer cells. Elevation of csGRP78 in the lung cancer cells was dependent on activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC by CZT. Inhibition of SRC activation in the cancer cells prevented csGRP78 translocation but promoted Par-4 secretion by CZT, implying that activated SRC prevented Par-4 secretion. In normal cells, CZT did not activate SRC and csGRP78 elevation but induced Par-4 secretion. Consequently, CZT induced Par-4 secretion from normal cells and elevated csGRP78 in the ALK-negative tumor cells to cause paracrine apoptosis in cancer cell cultures and growth inhibition of tumor xenografts in mice. Thus, CZT induces differential activation of SRC in normal and cancer cells to trigger the pro-apoptotic Par-4-GRP78 axis. As csGRP78 is a targetable receptor, CZT can be repurposed to elevate csGRP78 for inhibition of ALK-negative lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sally Ellingson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Tata Memorial Centre-Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuradha Choughule
- Tata Memorial Centre-Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Christine F Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - H Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
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9
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Liu Y, Xu W, Li M, Yang Y, Sun D, Chen L, Li H, Chen L. The regulatory mechanisms and inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1438-1466. [PMID: 37139412 PMCID: PMC10149907 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the basic characteristics of cancer and has been proved to be an important cancer treatment strategy. Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are a class of key proteins in energy metabolism, including IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3, which are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutants of IDH1 or IDH2 can produce d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) with α-KG as the substrate, and then mediate the occurrence and development of cancer. At present, no IDH3 mutation has been reported. The results of pan-cancer research showed that IDH1 has a higher mutation frequency and involves more cancer types than IDH2, implying IDH1 as a promising anti-cancer target. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of IDH1 on cancer from four aspects: metabolic reprogramming, epigenetics, immune microenvironment, and phenotypic changes, which will provide guidance for the understanding of IDH1 and exploring leading-edge targeted treatment strategies. In addition, we also reviewed available IDH1 inhibitors so far. The detailed clinical trial results and diverse structures of preclinical candidates illustrated here will provide a deep insight into the research for the treatment of IDH1-related cancers.
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10
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Eggleton P, De Alba J, Weinreich M, Calias P, Foulkes R, Corrigall VM. The therapeutic mavericks: Potent immunomodulating chaperones capable of treating human diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:322-339. [PMID: 36651415 PMCID: PMC9889696 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two major chaperones, calreticulin (CRT) and binding immunoglobulin protein (GRP78/BiP) dependent on their location, have immunoregulatory or anti-inflammatory functions respectively. CRT induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activates cytotoxic T cells against tumours. By contrast, GRP78/BiP induces anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibits DC maturation and heightens T-regulatory cell responses. These latter functions rebalance immune homeostasis in inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Both chaperones are therapeutically relevant agents acting primarily on monocytes/DCs. Endogenous exposure of CRT on cancer cell surfaces acts as an 'eat-me' signal and facilitates improved elimination of stressed and dying tumour cells by DCs. Therefore, therapeutics that promote endogenous CRT translocation to the cell surface can improve the removal of cancer cells. However, infused recombinant CRT dampens this cancer cell eradication by binding directly to the DCs. Low levels of endogenous BiP appear as a surface biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in some types of tumour cells, a reflection of cells undergoing proliferation, in which resulting hypoxia and nutrient deprivation perturb ER homeostasis triggering the unfolded protein response, leading to increased expression of GRP78/BiP and altered cellular location. Conversely, infusion of an analogue of GRP78/BiP (IRL201805) can lead to long-term immune resetting and restoration of immune homeostasis. The therapeutic potential of both chaperones relies on them being relocated from their intracellular ER environment. Ongoing clinical trials are employing therapeutic interventions to either enhance endogenous cell surface CRT or infuse IRL201805, thereby triggering several disease-relevant immune responses leading to a beneficial clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eggleton
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Valerie M. Corrigall
- Revolo BiotherapeuticsNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, New Hunts HouseGuy' HospitalLondonUK
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11
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Mast cells inhibit colorectal cancer development by inducing ER stress through secreting Cystatin C. Oncogene 2023; 42:209-223. [PMID: 36402931 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are abundantly distributed in the human intestinal mucosa and submucosa. However, their roles and mechanisms in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still unclear. In the present research, we found that the infiltration density of MCs in CRC tissues was positively correlated with improved patients' prognoses. Moreover, MCs suppressed the growth and induced the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo but had no effect on normal colonic epithelial cells. The present study revealed that MCs specifically induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR) in CRC cells but not in normal cells, which led to the suppression of CRC development in vivo. Furthermore, we found that the secreted Cystatin C protein was the key factor for the MC-induced ERS in CRC cells. This work is of significance for uncovering the antitumor function of MCs in CRC progression and identifying the potential of CRC to respond to MC-targeted immunotherapy.
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12
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Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Ding N, Alshahrani A, Wei Q. Protein Disulfide Isomerases Function as the Missing Link Between Diabetes and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:1191-1205. [PMID: 36000195 PMCID: PMC9805878 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Diabetes has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for cancer, but there is insufficient mechanistic understanding of biological mediators that bridge two disorders together. Understanding the pathogenic association between diabetes and cancer has become the focus of many studies, and findings are potentially valuable for the development of effective preventive or therapeutic strategies for both disorders. Recent Advances: A summary of literature reveals a possible connection between diabetes and cancer through the family of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). Historical as well as the most recent findings on the structure, biochemistry, and biology of the PDI family were summarized in this review. Critical Issues: PDIs in general function as redox enzymes and protein chaperones to control the quality of proteins by correcting or otherwise eliminating misfolded proteins in conditions of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, respectively. However, individual members of the PDI family may contribute uniquely to the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Studies of exemplary members such as protein disulfide isomerase-associated (PDIA) 1, PDIA6, and PDIA15 were reviewed to highlight their contributions in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer and how they can be potential links bridging the two disorders through the cross talk of signaling pathways. Future Directions: Apparently ubiquitous presence of the PDIs creates difficulties and challenges for scientific community to develop targeted therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and cancer simultaneously. Understanding molecular contribution of individual PDI in the context of specific disease may provide some insights into the development of mechanism-based target-directed therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 1191-1205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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13
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de la Calle CM, Shee K, Yang H, Lonergan PE, Nguyen HG. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:708-726. [PMID: 36168057 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to proliferate in unfavourable conditions, cancer cells can take advantage of the naturally occurring endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) via three highly conserved signalling arms: IRE1α, PERK and ATF6. All three arms of the UPR have key roles in every step of tumour progression: from cancer initiation to tumour growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy. At present, no cure for metastatic prostate cancer exists, as targeting the androgen receptor eventually results in treatment resistance. New research has uncovered an important role for the UPR in prostate cancer tumorigenesis and crosstalk between the UPR and androgen receptor signalling pathways. With an improved understanding of the mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the endoplasmic reticulum stress response, targetable points of vulnerability can be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M de la Calle
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Shee
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heiko Yang
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter E Lonergan
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hao G Nguyen
- Department of Urology, Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Hu M, Zhang X, Hu C, Teng T, Tang QZ. A brief overview about the adipokine: Isthmin-1. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:939757. [PMID: 35958402 PMCID: PMC9360543 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.939757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isthmin-1 is a secreted protein with multiple capability; however, it truly attracts our attention since the definition as an adipokine in 2021, which exerts indispensable roles in various pathophysiological processes through the endocrine or autocrine manners. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge of isthmin-1, including its distribution, structure, receptor and potential function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi-Zhu Tang
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15
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Potential to Eradicate Cancer Stemness by Targeting Cell Surface GRP78. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070941. [PMID: 35883497 PMCID: PMC9313351 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stemness is proposed to be the main cause of metastasis and tumor relapse after conventional therapy due to the main properties of cancer stem cells. These include unlimited self-renewal, the low percentage in a cell population, asymmetric/symmetric cell division, and the hypothetical different nature for absorbing external substances. As the mechanism of how cancer stemness is maintained remains unknown, further investigation into the basic features of cancer stemness is required. Many articles demonstrated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) plays a key role in cancer stemness, suggesting that this molecule is feasible for targeting cancer stem cells. This review summarizes the history of finding cancer stem cells, as well as the functions of GRP78 in cancer stemness, for discussing the possibility of targeting GRP78 to eradicate cancer stemness.
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16
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Decoy receptor 2 mediates the apoptosis-resistant phenotype of senescent renal tubular cells and accelerates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:522. [PMID: 35661704 PMCID: PMC9166763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04972-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic resistance leads to persistent accumulation of senescent cells and sustained expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, playing an essential role in the progression of tissue fibrosis. However, whether senescent renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) exhibit an apoptosis-resistant phenotype, and the role of this phenotype in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear. Our previous study was the first to demonstrate that decoy receptor 2 (DcR2) is associated with apoptotic resistance in senescent RTECs and renal fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to further explore the mechanism of DcR2 in apoptosis-resistant RTECs and renal fibrosis in DN. DcR2 was co-localized with fibrotic markers (α-SMA, collagen IV, fibronectin), senescent marker p16, and antiapoptotic proteins FLIP and Bcl2 but rarely co-localized with caspase 3 or TUNEL. DcR2 overexpression promoted renal fibrosis in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN, as evidenced by augmented Masson staining and upregulated expression of fibrotic markers. DcR2 overexpression also enhanced FLIP expression while reducing the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (caspases 8 and 3) in senescent RTECs, resulting in apoptotic resistance. In contrast, DcR2 knockdown produced the opposite effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, quantitative proteomics and co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that DcR2 interacted with glucose-related protein 78 kDa (GRP78), which has been shown to promote apoptotic resistance in cancer. GRP78 exhibited co-localization with senescent and antiapoptotic markers but was rarely co-expressed with caspase 3 or TUNEL. Additionally, GRP78 knockdown decreased the apoptosis resistance of HG-induced senescent RTECs with upregulated cleaved caspase 3 and increased the percentage of apoptotic RTECs. Mechanistically, DcR2 mediated apoptotic resistance in senescent RTECs by enhancing GRP78-caspase 7 interactions and promoting Akt phosphorylation. Thus, DcR2 mediated the apoptotic resistance of senescent RTECs and renal fibrosis by interacting with GRP78, indicating that targeting the DcR2-GRP78 axis represents a promising therapeutic strategy for DN.
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17
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Chen YT, Tseng TT, Tsai HP, Huang MY. Arylquin 1 (Potent Par-4 Secretagogue) Inhibits Tumor Progression and Induces Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105645. [PMID: 35628455 PMCID: PMC9143413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies mainly involve surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, novel antitumor compounds are needed to avoid drug resistance in CRC, as well as the severe side effects of current treatments. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of Arylquin 1 in CRC. The MTT assay was used to detect the viability of SW620 and HCT116 cancer cells treated with Arylquin 1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Further, wound-healing and transwell migration assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion abilities of cultured cells, and Annexin V was used to detect apoptotic cells. Additionally, Western blot was used to identify the expression levels of N-cadherin, caspase-3, cyclin D1, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-p38, related to key signaling proteins, after administration of Arylquin 1. Xenograft experiments further confirmed the effects of Arylquin 1 on CRC cells in vivo. Arylquin 1 exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability in cultured CRC cells. It also inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that Arylquin 1 increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, and p38. In a mouse xenograft model, Arylquin 1 treatment diminished the growth of colon tumors after injection of cultured cancer cells. Arylquin 1 may have potential anticancer effects and translational significance in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yii Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Chen J, Lynn EG, Yousof TR, Sharma H, MacDonald ME, Byun JH, Shayegan B, Austin RC. Scratching the Surface—An Overview of the Roles of Cell Surface GRP78 in Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051098. [PMID: 35625836 PMCID: PMC9138746 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is considered an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone that plays a crucial role in protein folding homeostasis by regulating the unfolded protein response (UPR) and inducing numerous proapoptotic and autophagic pathways within the eukaryotic cell. However, in cancer cells, GRP78 has also been shown to migrate from the ER lumen to the cell surface, playing a role in several cellular pathways that promote tumor growth and cancer cell progression. There is another insidious consequence elicited by cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) on cancer cells: the accumulation of csGRP78 represents a novel neoantigen leading to the production of anti-GRP78 autoantibodies that can bind csGRP78 and further amplify these cellular pathways to enhance cell growth and mitigate apoptotic cell death. This review examines the current body of literature that delineates the mechanisms by which ER-resident GRP78 localizes to the cell surface and its consequences, as well as potential therapeutics that target csGRP78 and block its interaction with anti-GRP78 autoantibodies, thereby inhibiting further amplification of cancer cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Edward G. Lynn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Tamana R. Yousof
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Hitesh Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Melissa E. MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jae Hyun Byun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Bobby Shayegan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, The Research Institute of St. Joe′s Hamilton, McMaster University, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
| | - Richard C. Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, St. Joseph′s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.L.); (T.R.Y.); (H.S.); (M.E.M.); (J.H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-905-522-1155 (ext. 35175)
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19
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Araujo N, Sledziona J, Noothi SK, Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Ganguly S, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Zhu B, Katz WS, Zhang Y, Taylor BS, Liu J, Chen L, Weiss HL, He D, Wang C, Morris AJ, Cassis LA, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Nagareddy PR, Melander O, Evers BM, Kern PA, Rangnekar VM. Tumor Suppressor Par-4 Regulates Complement Factor C3 and Obesity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860446. [PMID: 35425699 PMCID: PMC9004617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the physiological function of Par-4 remains unknown. Here we show that conventional Par-4 knockout (Par-4-/-) mice and adipocyte-specific Par-4 knockout (AKO) mice, but not hepatocyte-specific Par-4 knockout mice, are obese with standard chow diet. Par-4-/- and AKO mice exhibit increased absorption and storage of fat in adipocytes. Mechanistically, Par-4 loss is associated with mdm2 downregulation and activation of p53. We identified complement factor c3 as a p53-regulated gene linked to fat storage in adipocytes. Par-4 re-expression in adipocytes or c3 deletion reversed the obese mouse phenotype. Moreover, obese human subjects showed lower expression of Par-4 relative to lean subjects, and in longitudinal studies, low baseline Par-4 levels denoted an increased risk of developing obesity later in life. These findings indicate that Par-4 suppresses p53 and its target c3 to regulate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James Sledziona
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wendy S Katz
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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20
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Shan S, Niu J, Yin R, Shi J, Zhang L, Wu C, Li H, Li Z. Peroxidase from foxtail millet bran exerts anti-colorectal cancer activity via targeting cell-surface GRP78 to inactivate STAT3 pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1254-1270. [PMID: 35530132 PMCID: PMC9069399 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy has become an emerging promising strategy in cancer treatment, and screening the agents targeting at cancer cell specific targets is very desirable for cancer treatment. Our previous study firstly found that a secretory peroxidase of class III derived from foxtail millet bran (FMBP) exhibited excellent targeting anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity in vivo and in vitro, whereas its underlying target remains unclear. The highlight of present study focuses on the finding that cell surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (csGRP78) abnormally located on CRC is positively correlated with the anti-CRC effects of FMBP, indicating it serves as a potential target of FMBP against CRC. Further, we demonstrated that the combination of FMBP with the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of csGRP78 interfered with the downstream activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in CRC cells, thus promoting the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell grown inhibition. These phenomena were further confirmed in nude mice tumor model. Collectively, our study highlights csGRP78 acts as an underlying target of FMBP against CRC, uncovering the clinical potential of FMBP as a targeted agent for CRC in the future.
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Key Words
- CAC, colitis-associated carcinogenesis
- CDKs, cyclin-dependent kinases
- CETSA, cellular thermal shift assay
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation
- Colorectal cancer
- DCFH-DA, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FMBP
- FMBP, peroxidase derived from foxtail millet bran
- Foxtail millet bran
- GRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78
- H&E, hematoxylin & eosin
- ISM, isthmin
- MPs, membrane proteins
- NBD, the nucleotide binding domain of csGRP78
- PD-1, programmed death-1
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SBD, substrate-binding domain of csGRP78
- SPF, specific pathogen free
- STAT3
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- csGRP78
- csGRP78, cell surface glucose-regulated protein 78
- rGRP78, recombinant GRP78
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21
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Hernandez I, Cohen M. Linking cell-surface GRP78 to cancer: From basic research to clinical value of GRP78 antibodies. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:1-14. [PMID: 34637844 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) is a chaperone protein localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, where it helps in proper protein folding by targeting misfolded proteins and facilitating protein assembly. In stressed cells, GRP78 is translocated to the cell surface (csGRP78) where it binds to various ligands and triggers different intracellular pathways. Thus, csGRP78 expression is associated with cancer, involved in the maintenance and progression of the disease. Extracellular exposition of csGRP78 leads to the production of autoantibodies as observed in patients with prostate or ovarian cancer, in which the ability to target csGRP78 affects the tumor development. Present on the surface of cancer cells and not normal cells in vivo, csGRP78 represents an interesting target for therapeutic antibody strategies. Here we give an overview of the csGRP78 function in the cell and its role in oncogenesis, thereby providing insight into the clinical value of GRP78 monoclonal antibodies for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Wang Z, Jiao P, Zhong Y, Ji H, Zhang Y, Song H, Du H, Ding X, Wu H. The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stressed Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Induced Exosomal miR-424-5p Inhibits Angiogenesis and Migration of Humanumbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Through LAMC1-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221083549. [PMID: 35315295 PMCID: PMC8943634 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221083549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, tumor plays multifaceted roles in
endothelial cell dysfunction through secreting exosomal miRNAs. However, for the
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), it is still unclear about the
impact of ER-stressed HNSCC cell derived exosomes on vascular endothelial cells.
To address this gap, herein, systemic research was conducted including isolation
and characterization of ER-stressed HNSCC cell (HN4 cell line as an in
vitro model) derived exosomes, identification of regulatory
exosomal miRNAs, target exploration and downstream signaling pathway
investigation of exosomal miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cell
(HUVEC). ER-stressed HN4 cell-derived exosomes inhibited angiogenesis and
migration of HUVEC cells in vitro. Furthermore, RNA-seq
analysis demonstrated that miR-424-5p was highly upregulated in ER-stressed HN4
cell-derived exosomes. Through matrigel tube formation and transwell assays of
HUVEC cells, miR-424-5p displayed great capabilities on inhibiting angiogenesis
and migration. Finally, based on western blot and luciferase reporter, it was
demonstrated that LAMC1 is the target of miR-424-5p which could inhibit the
angiogenesis and migration of HUVEC cells by repressing the LAMC1-mediated
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ER-stressed HNSCC cell-induced exosomal
miR-424-5p inhibits angiogenesis and migration of HUVEC cells through
LAMC1-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study offers a new insight
for understanding the complicated mechanism behind ER-stress induced
anti-angiogenesis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Ji
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Dentistry, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongming Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Guo J, Zhong X, Tan Q, Yang S, Liao J, Zhuge J, Hong Z, Deng Q, Zuo Q. miR-301a-3p induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates the occurrence and transmission of trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:696. [PMID: 34257270 PMCID: PMC8277821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab resistance negatively influences the clinical efficacy of the therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive gastric cancer (GC), and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Exploring the mechanisms and finding effective approaches to address trastuzumab resistance are of great necessity. Here, we confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced trastuzumab resistance by up-regulating miR-301a-3p in HER2-positive GC cells. Moreover, we elucidated that miR-301a-3p mediated trastuzumab resistance by down-regulating the expression of leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains containing protein 1 (LRIG1) and subsequently activating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) under ER stress. We also found that intercellular transfer of miR-301a-3p by exosomes disseminated trastuzumab resistance. The present study demonstrated that exosomal miR-301a-3p could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for trastuzumab resistance, which was maybe a novel potential therapeutic target to overcome trastuzumab resistance and improve the curative effect of trastuzumab in HER2-positive GC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510080
| | - Xuxian Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qinglin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
- Department of Oncology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China, 523059
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jiaqi Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Jinke Zhuge
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Ziyang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China, 510515.
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24
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Gonzalez-Gronow M, Gopal U, Austin RC, Pizzo SV. Glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an important cell surface receptor for viral invasion, cancers, and neurological disorders. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:843-854. [PMID: 33960608 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident molecular chaperone. GRP78 is a member of the 70 kDa heat shock family of proteins involved in correcting and clearing misfolded proteins in the ER. In response to cellular stress, GRP78 escapes from the ER and moves to the plasma membrane where it (a) functions as a receptor for many ligands, and (b) behaves as an autoantigen for autoantibodies that contribute to human disease and cancer. Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) associates with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), and is the port of entry for several viruses, including the predictive binding of the novel SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, csGRP78 is found in association with partners as diverse as the teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 (Cripto), the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and the DnaJ-like protein MTJ-1. CsGRP78 also serves as a receptor for a large variety of ligands including activated α2 -macroglobulin (α2 M*), plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), microplasminogen, the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), tissue factor (TF), and the prostate apoptosis response-4 protein (Par-4). In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the translocation of GRP78 from the ER to the cell surface, and the role of secreted GRP78 and its autoantibodies in cancer and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gonzalez-Gronow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Udhayakumar Gopal
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joseph's Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salvatore V Pizzo
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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25
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Zhao Q, Wu M, Zheng X, Yang L, Zhang Z, Li X, Chen J. ERGIC3 Silencing Additively Enhances the Growth Inhibition of BFA on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:67-75. [PMID: 31530266 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666190917145906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brefeldin A (BFA) has been known to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and Golgi body stress in cancer cells. ERGIC3 (endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment 3) is a type II transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi body. ERGIC3 over-expression is frequently observed in cancer cells. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aim to explore whether BFA administered concurrently with ERGIC3 silencing would work additively or synergistically inhibit cancer cell growth. METHODS ERGIC3-siRNA was used to knock-down the expression of ERGIC3 and BFA was used to induce ERS in lung cancer cell lines GLC-82 and A549. Q-RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis were used to detect the expression of ERGIC3 and downstream molecules. GraphPad Prism 6 was used to quantify the data. RESULTS We demonstrated that silencing of ERGIC3 via siRNA effectively led to down-regulation of ERGIC3 at both mRNA and protein levels in GLC-82 and A549 cells. While BFA or ERGIC3- silencing alone could induce ERS and inhibit cell growth, the combination treatment of lung cancer cells with ERGIC3-silencing and BFA was able to additively enhance the inhibition effects of cell growth through up-regulation of GRP78 resulting in cell cycle arrest. CONCLUSION ERGIC3 silencing in combination with BFA treatment could additively inhibit lung cancer cell growth. This finding might shed a light on new adjuvant therapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mingsong Wu
- Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research and High Education Institute in Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xiang Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Genetics, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Exploring Health, LLC., Guangzhou 510663, China.,Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., 14642 NY, United States
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26
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Baudi I, Isogawa M, Moalli F, Onishi M, Kawashima K, Ishida Y, Tateno C, Sato Y, Harashima H, Ito H, Ishikawa T, Wakita T, Iannacone M, Tanaka Y. Interferon signaling suppresses the unfolded protein response and induces cell death in hepatocytes accumulating hepatitis B surface antigen. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009228. [PMID: 33979382 PMCID: PMC8143404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), occasionally causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is counteractive machinery to ER stress, and the failure of UPR to cope with ER stress results in cell death. Mechanisms that regulate the balance between ER stress and UPR are poorly understood. Type 1 and type 2 interferons have been implicated in hepatic flares during chronic HBV infection. Here, we examined the interplay between ER stress, UPR, and IFNs using transgenic mice that express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (HBs-Tg mice) and humanized-liver chimeric mice infected with HBV. IFNα causes severe and moderate liver injury in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, respectively. The degree of liver injury is directly correlated with HBsAg levels in the liver, and reduction of HBsAg in the transgenic mice alleviates IFNα mediated liver injury. Analyses of total gene expression and UPR biomarkers' protein expression in the liver revealed that UPR is induced in HBs-Tg mice and HBV infected chimeric mice, indicating that HBsAg accumulation causes ER stress. Notably, IFNα administration transiently suppressed UPR biomarkers before liver injury without affecting intrahepatic HBsAg levels. Furthermore, UPR upregulation by glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) suppression or low dose tunicamycin alleviated IFNα mediated liver injury. These results suggest that IFNα induces ER stress-associated cell death by reducing UPR. IFNγ uses the same mechanism to exert cytotoxicity to HBsAg accumulating hepatocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism of IFN-mediated cell death. This study also identifies UPR as a potential target for regulating ER stress-associated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Baudi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Federica Moalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Masaya Onishi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuji Ishida
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chise Tateno
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- PhoenixBio Co., Ltd., Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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27
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The long noncoding RNA of RMRP is downregulated by PERK, which induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7926. [PMID: 33846370 PMCID: PMC8041825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in hepatocyte degeneration, especially in patients with chronic liver injury. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is a key molecule in ER stress. PERK may contribute to apoptotic cell death in HCC, however the details of the mechanism are not clear. In this study, we identified PERK-associated molecules using transcriptome analysis. We modulated PERK expression using a plasmid, tunicamycin and siRNA against PERK, and then confirmed the target gene expression with real-time PCR and Northern blotting. We further analyzed the apoptotic function. Transcriptome analysis revealed that expression of the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP), which is a long noncoding RNA, was strongly correlated with the function of PERK. The expression of RMRP was correlated with the expression of PERK in experiments with the siRNA and PERK plasmid in both HCC cell lines and human HCC tissue. Furthermore, RMRP downregulation induced apoptotic cell death. RMRP is downregulated by PERK, which induces apoptosis in HCC. RMRP could be a new therapeutic target to regulate HCC in patients with chronic liver diseases associated with ER stress.
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28
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Structural Analysis of the cl-Par-4 Tumor Suppressor as a Function of Ionic Environment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030386. [PMID: 33807852 PMCID: PMC7998163 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a proapoptotic tumor suppressor protein that has been linked to a large number of cancers. This 38 kilodalton (kDa) protein has been shown to be predominantly intrinsically disordered in vitro. In vivo, Par-4 is cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp-131 to generate the 25 kDa functionally active cleaved Par-4 protein (cl-Par-4) that inhibits NF-κB-mediated cell survival pathways and causes selective apoptosis in tumor cells. Here, we have employed circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to assess the effects of various monovalent and divalent salts upon the conformation of cl-Par-4 in vitro. We have previously shown that high levels of sodium can induce the cl-Par-4 fragment to form highly compact, highly helical tetramers in vitro. Spectral characteristics suggest that most or at least much of the helical content in these tetramers are non-coiled coils. Here, we have shown that potassium produces a similar effect as was previously reported for sodium and that magnesium salts also produce a similar conformation effect, but at an approximately five times lower ionic concentration. We have also shown that anion identity has far less influence than does cation identity. The degree of helicity induced by each of these salts suggests that the "Selective for Apoptosis in Cancer cells" (SAC) domain-the region of Par-4 that is most indispensable for its apoptotic function-is likely to be helical in cl-Par-4 under the studied high salt conditions. Furthermore, we have shown that under medium-strength ionic conditions, a combination of high molecular weight aggregates and smaller particles form and that the smaller particles are also highly helical, resembling at least in secondary structure, the tetramers found at high salt.
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29
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Chemically based transmissible ER stress protocols are unsuitable to study cell-to-cell UPR transmission. Biochem J 2021; 477:4037-4051. [PMID: 33016323 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal epithelial cells regulate the destructive activity of macrophages and participate in the progression of kidney diseases. Critically, the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which is activated in renal epithelial cells in the course of kidney injury, is required for the optimal differentiation and activation of macrophages. Given that macrophages are key regulators of renal inflammation and fibrosis, we suppose that the identification of mediators that are released by renal epithelial cells under Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress and transmitted to macrophages is a critical issue to address. Signals leading to a paracrine transmission of ER stress (TERS) from a donor cell to a recipient cells could be of paramount importance to understand how ER-stressed cells shape the immune microenvironment. Critically, the vast majority of studies that have examined TERS used thaspigargin as an inducer of ER stress in donor cells in cellular models. By using multiple sources of ER stress, we evaluated if human renal epithelial cells undergoing ER stress can transmit the UPR to human monocyte-derived macrophages and if such TERS can modulate the inflammatory profiles of these cells. Our results indicate that carry-over of thapsigargin is a confounding factor in chemically based TERS protocols classically used to induce ER Stress in donor cells. Hence, such protocols are not suitable to study the TERS phenomenon and to identify its mediators. In addition, the absence of TERS transmission in more physiological models of ER stress indicates that cell-to-cell UPR transmission is not a universal feature in cultured cells.
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30
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Cheratta AR, Thayyullathil F, Pallichankandy S, Subburayan K, Alakkal A, Galadari S. Prostate apoptosis response-4 and tumor suppression: it's not just about apoptosis anymore. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 33414404 PMCID: PMC7790818 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) has recently turned ‘twenty-five’. Beyond its indisputable role as an apoptosis inducer, an increasing and sometimes bewildering, new roles for Par-4 are being reported. These roles include its ability to regulate autophagy, senescence, and metastasis. This growing range of responses to Par-4 is reflected by our increasing understanding of the various mechanisms through which Par-4 can function. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge on Par-4 tumor suppressive mechanisms, and discuss how the interaction of Par-4 with different regulators influence cell fate. This review also highlights the new secretory pathway that has emerged and the likely discussion on its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees Rahman Cheratta
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Karthikeyan Subburayan
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ameer Alakkal
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science, Experimental Research Building, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island Campus, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Yang K, Shen J, Tan FQ, Zheng XY, Xie LP. Antitumor Activity of Small Activating RNAs Induced PAWR Gene Activation in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3039-3049. [PMID: 34220332 PMCID: PMC8241776 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) have been proved to effectively up-regulate the expression of particular genes by targeting their promoters. These small dsRNAs were also termed small activating RNAs (saRNAs). We previously reported that several small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator (PAWR) promoter can up-regulate PAWR gene expression effectively in human cancer cells. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor potential of PAWR gene induction by these saRNAs in bladder cancer. Promisingly, we found that up-regulation of PAWR by saRNA inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest which was related to inhibition of anti‑apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and inactivation of the NF-κB and Akt pathways. The activation of the caspase cascade and the regulation of cell cycle related proteins also supported the efficacy of the treatment. Moreover, our study also showed that these saRNAs cooperated with cisplatin in the inhibition of bladder cancer cells. Overall, these data suggest that activation of PAWR by saRNA may have a therapeutic benefit for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Qing Tan
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yi Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Liposome-Encapsulated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Cell Wall Skeleton Enhances Antitumor Efficiency for Bladder Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo via Induction of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123679. [PMID: 33302414 PMCID: PMC7762541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We engineered novel nanoparticles consisting of liposome-encapsulated Bacillus Calmette–Guérin cell well skeleton (BCG-CWS) for intravesical instillation in bladder cancer. The liposome-encapsulated BCG-CWS nanoparticles had antitumoral effects in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model, and the BCG-CWS nanoparticles can be further developed as a non-toxic substitute for live BCG with improved dispensability, stability, and size compatibility. This is significant because we succeeded in the intravesical delivery of BCG-CWS through the intravesical route using a catheter in an orthotopic bladder cancer mouse model to specifically target tumor cells. This is the first study on the BCG-CWS-induced activation of AMPK in urothelial carcinoma cells, suggesting that AMPK-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ER stress is a cellular signaling pathway in tumors sensitive to BCG-CWS. These results have the potential for significant ramifications in targeted therapy using a predictive marker for bladder cancer. Abstract The Mycobacterium Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton (BCG-CWS), the main immune active center of BCG, is a potent candidate non-infectious immunotherapeutic drug and an alternative to live BCG for use against urothelial carcinoma. However, its application in anticancer therapy is limited, as BCG-CWS tends to aggregate in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. To improve the internalization of BCG-CWS into bladder cancer cells without aggregation, BCG-CWS was nanoparticulated at a 180 nm size in methylene chloride and subsequently encapsulated with conventional liposomes (CWS-Nano-CL) using an emulsified lipid (LEEL) method. In vitro cell proliferation assays showed that CWS-Nano-CL was more effective at suppressing bladder cancer cell growth compared to nonenveloped BCG-CWS. In an orthotopic implantation model of luciferase-tagged MBT2 bladder cancer cells, encapsulated BCG-CWS nanoparticles could enhance the delivery of BCG-CWS into the bladder and suppress tumor growth. Treatment with CWS-Nano-CL induced the inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, leading to apoptosis, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of CWS-Nano-CL was mediated predominantly by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and AMPK activation, which induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, followed by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, our data suggest that the intravesical instillation of liposome-encapsulated BCG-CWS nanoparticles can facilitate BCG-CW cellular endocytosis and provide a promising drug-delivery system as a therapeutic strategy for BCG-mediated bladder cancer treatment.
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Ijomone OM, Ifenatuoha CW, Aluko OM, Ijomone OK, Aschner M. The aging brain: impact of heavy metal neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:801-814. [PMID: 33210961 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1838441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aging process is accompanied by critical changes in cellular and molecular functions, which upset the homeostatic balance in the central nervous system. Accumulation of metals renders the brain susceptible to neurotoxic insults by mechanisms such as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal calcium-ion dyshomeostasis, buildup of damaged molecules, compromised DNA repair, reduction in neurogenesis, and impaired energy metabolism. These hallmarks have been identified to be responsible for neuronal injuries, resulting in several neurological disorders. Various studies have shown solid associations between metal accumulation, abnormal protein expressions, and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This review highlights metals (such as manganese, zinc, iron, copper, and nickel) for their accumulation, and consequences in the development of neurological disorders, in relation to the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chibuzor W Ifenatuoha
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olayemi K Ijomone
- The Neuro-Lab, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Michael Aschner
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Ninkovic S, Harrison SJ, Quach H. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) as a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target in multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:1201-1210. [PMID: 32990063 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1830372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a stress-inducible molecular chaperone expressed within the endoplasmic reticulum where it acts as a master regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. At times of ER stress, activation of the UPR, a multimolecular pathway, limits proteotoxicity induced by misfolded proteins. In malignancies, including multiple myeloma which is characterized by an accumulation of misfolded immunoglobulins, GRP78 expression is increased, with notable translocation of GRP78 to the cell surface. Studies suggest cell-surface GRP78 (csGRP78) to be of prognostic significance with emerging evidence that it interacts with a myriad of co-ligands to activate signaling pathways promoting cell proliferation and survival or apoptosis. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of ER and csGRP78 in physiology and oncogenesis in multiple myeloma, addressing factors that shift the balance in GRP78 signaling from survival to apoptosis. The role of GRP78 as a potential prognostic biomarker is explored and current therapeutics in development aimed at targeting csGRP78 are addressed. We conducted a PubMed literature search using the keywords 'GRP78,' 'multiple myeloma' reviewing studies prior to 2020. EXPERT OPINION Cell-surface GRP78 expression is a potential novel prognostic biomarker in myeloma and targeting of csGRP78 is promising and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavisa Ninkovic
- Department of Haematology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Simon J Harrison
- Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Dept of Oncology, University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Hang Quach
- Department of Haematology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne , Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne , Fitzroy, Australia
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Long non-coding RNA MIR503HG inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells via miR-107/Par4 axis. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112205. [PMID: 32738347 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colon cancer is a common caner with high death rate in the world. The study aimed to detect the effect and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) MIR503HG on colon cancer. METHODS The MIR503HG expression was measured in colon cancer tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR. The proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of colon cancer cells were measured by MTT, flow-cytometry, wound healing and transwell assay. The protein expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin was detected by Western blot. The target relationships among MIR503HG, miR-107 and Par4 were predicted by StarBase and TargetScan, and verified by luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assay. The xenograft tumor model was constructed in mice to verify the inhibitory effect of MIR503HG in vivo. RESULTS The expression of MIR503HG was decreased in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. MIR503HG overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis, down-regulated N-cadherin and Vimentin, and up-regulated E-cadherin in colon cancer. MIR503HG negatively regulated its target miR-107. MiR-107 overexpression reversed the anti-tumor effects of MIR503HG overexpression on colon cancer cells. Par4 was a target of miR-107, which was positively regulated by MIR503HG. The promoting effects of MIR503HG silencing on colon cancer cells were eliminated by Par4 overexpression. CONCLUSION MIR503HG regulated Par4 via sponging miR-107 in colon cancer, which promoting a new idea for the treatment of colon cancer.
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Tao L, Zhao S, Tao Z, Wen K, Zhou S, Da W, Zhu Y. Septin4 regulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in melatonin‑induced osteoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1179-1186. [PMID: 32626973 PMCID: PMC7339638 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a spinal 3-dimensional deformity with an unknown cause. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal body and contributes to the occurrence and progression of IS. In our previous preliminary study, it was reported that high concentrations of melatonin can induce osteoblast apoptosis, thus acting as an IS treatment, but the mechanism of action is unknown. Therefore, the present study was performed to further investigate the possible mechanism underlying the efficacy of melatonin as a treatment for IS. The present results indicated that high concentrations of melatonin mediate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced apoptosis in hFOB 1.19 cells, and this resulted in a significant and dose-dependent increase in the expression of Septin4, as well as the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78, GRP94 and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, osteoblasts were overexpressed with Septin4 and the mechanism via which melatonin induces osteoblast ERS was demonstrated to be via the regulation of Septin4. In addition, it was indicated that cytoskeleton destruction, cell morphology changes and the decrease in the number of cells were aggravated after osteoblasts were overexpressed with Septin4, as indicated by phalloidin and DAPI staining. Collectively, the present results suggest that the Septin4 protein may be a target of ERS in melatonin-induced osteoblast apoptosis, which is involved in bone metabolism diseases, thus providing novel evidence for clinical melatonin treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Sichao Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbo Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Kaicheng Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Siming Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Wacili Da
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Abstract
For over three decades, a mainstay and goal of clinical oncology has been the development of therapies promoting the effective elimination of cancer cells by apoptosis. This programmed cell death process is mediated by several signalling pathways (referred to as intrinsic and extrinsic) triggered by multiple factors, including cellular stress, DNA damage and immune surveillance. The interaction of apoptosis pathways with other signalling mechanisms can also affect cell death. The clinical translation of effective pro-apoptotic agents involves drug discovery studies (addressing the bioavailability, stability, tumour penetration, toxicity profile in non-malignant tissues, drug interactions and off-target effects) as well as an understanding of tumour biology (including heterogeneity and evolution of resistant clones). While tumour cell death can result in response to therapy, the selection, growth and dissemination of resistant cells can ultimately be fatal. In this Review, we present the main apoptosis pathways and other signalling pathways that interact with them, and discuss actionable molecular targets, therapeutic agents in clinical translation and known mechanisms of resistance to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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38
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Ihry RJ, Salick MR, Ho DJ, Sondey M, Kommineni S, Paula S, Raymond J, Henry B, Frias E, Wang Q, Worringer KA, Ye C, Russ C, Reece-Hoyes JS, Altshuler RC, Randhawa R, Yang Z, McAllister G, Hoffman GR, Dolmetsch R, Kaykas A. Genome-Scale CRISPR Screens Identify Human Pluripotency-Specific Genes. Cell Rep 2020; 27:616-630.e6. [PMID: 30970262 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) generate a variety of disease-relevant cells that can be used to improve the translation of preclinical research. Despite the potential of hPSCs, their use for genetic screening has been limited by technical challenges. We developed a scalable and renewable Cas9 and sgRNA-hPSC library in which loss-of-function mutations can be induced at will. Our inducible mutant hPSC library can be used for multiple genome-wide CRISPR screens in a variety of hPSC-induced cell types. As proof of concept, we performed three screens for regulators of properties fundamental to hPSCs: their ability to self-renew and/or survive (fitness), their inability to survive as single-cell clones, and their capacity to differentiate. We identified the majority of known genes and pathways involved in these processes, as well as a plethora of genes with unidentified roles. This resource will increase the understanding of human development and genetics. This approach will be a powerful tool to identify disease-modifying genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Ihry
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Max R Salick
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Insitro, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Daniel J Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Sondey
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Abbvie, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sravya Kommineni
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Casma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven Paula
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joe Raymond
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Beata Henry
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth Frias
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kathleen A Worringer
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chaoyang Ye
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carsten Russ
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - John S Reece-Hoyes
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert C Altshuler
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ranjit Randhawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Axcella Health, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zinger Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gregory McAllister
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gregory R Hoffman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Sana Biotechnology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ricardo Dolmetsch
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ajamete Kaykas
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Insitro, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Pattarawat P, Hong T, Wallace S, Hu Y, Donnell R, Wang TH, Tsai CL, Wang J, Wang HCR. Compensatory combination of romidepsin with gemcitabine and cisplatin to effectively and safely control urothelial carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 123:226-239. [PMID: 32390005 PMCID: PMC7374627 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human urothelial carcinoma (UC) has a high tendency to recur and progress to life-threatening advanced diseases. Advanced therapeutic regimens are needed to control UC development and recurrence. METHODS We pursued in vitro and in vivo studies to understand the ability of a triple combination of gemcitabine, romidepsin, and cisplatin (Gem+Rom+Cis) to modulate signalling pathways, cell death, drug resistance, and tumour development. RESULTS Our studies verified the ability of Gem+Rom+Cis to synergistically induce apoptotic cell death and reduce drug resistance in various UC cells. The ERK pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) played essential roles in mediating Gem+Rom+Cis-induced caspase activation, DNA oxidation and damage, glutathione reduction, and unfolded protein response. Gem+Rom+Cis preferentially induced death and reduced drug resistance in oncogenic H-Ras-expressing UC vs. counterpart cells that was associated with transcriptomic profiles related to ROS, cell death, and drug resistance. Our studies also verified the efficacy and safety of the Gem plus Rom+Cis regimen in controlling UC cell-derived xenograft tumour development and resistance. CONCLUSIONS More than 80% of UCs are associated with aberrant Ras-ERK pathway. Thus the compensatory combination of Rom with Gem and Cis should be seriously considered as an advanced regimen for treating advanced UCs, especially Ras-ERK-activated UCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawat Pattarawat
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Shelby Wallace
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yanchun Hu
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Robert Donnell
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hwa-Chain Robert Wang
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA. .,UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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40
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Discovery of small molecules targeting GRP78 for antiangiogenic and anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Arylquin 1, a potent Par-4 secretagogue, induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization-mediated non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Toxicol Res 2020; 36:167-173. [PMID: 32257929 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Arylquin 1, a small-molecule prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) secretagogue, targets vimentin to induce Par-4 secretion. Secreted Par-4 binds to its receptor, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), on the cancer cell surface and induces apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of arylquin 1 in cancer cell death. Arylquin 1 induces morphological changes (cell body shrinkage and cell detachment) and decreases cell viability in various cancer cells. Arylquin 1-induced cell death is not inhibited by apoptosis inhibitors (z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor), necroptosis inhibitors (necrostatin-1), and paraptosis inhibitors. Furthermore, arylquin 1 significantly induces reactive oxygen species levels, but antioxidants [N-acetyl-l-cysteine and glutathione ethyl ester] do not inhibit arylquin 1-induced cell death. Furthermore, Par-4 knock-down by small interfering RNA confers no effect on cytotoxicity in arylquin 1-treated cells. Interestingly, arylquin 1 induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), and cathepsin inhibitors and overexpression of 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) markedly prevent arylquin 1-induced cell death. Therefore, our results suggest that arylquin 1 induces non-apoptotic cell death in cancer cells through the induction of LMP.
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Cell surface GRP78 promotes stemness in normal and neoplastic cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3474. [PMID: 32103065 PMCID: PMC7044190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable approaches to identify stem cell mechanisms that mediate aggressive cancer could have great therapeutic value, based on the growing evidence of embryonic signatures in metastatic cancers. However, how to best identify and target stem-like mechanisms aberrantly acquired by cancer cells has been challenging. We harnessed the power of reprogramming to examine GRP78, a chaperone protein generally restricted to the endoplasmic reticulum in normal tissues, but which is expressed on the cell surface of human embryonic stem cells and many cancer types. We have discovered that (1) cell surface GRP78 (sGRP78) is expressed on iPSCs and is important in reprogramming, (2) sGRP78 promotes cellular functions in both pluripotent and breast cancer cells (3) overexpression of GRP78 in breast cancer cells leads to an induction of a CD24−/CD44+ tumor initiating cell (TIC) population (4) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells are enriched for stemness genes and appear to be a subset of TICs (5) sGRP78+ breast cancer cells show an enhanced ability to seed metastatic organ sites in vivo. These collective findings show that GRP78 has important functions in regulating both pluripotency and oncogenesis, and suggest that sGRP78 marks a stem-like population in breast cancer cells that has increased metastatic potential in vivo.
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Ballar Kirmizibayrak P, Erbaykent-Tepedelen B, Gozen O, Erzurumlu Y. Divergent Modulation of Proteostasis in Prostate Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:117-151. [PMID: 32274755 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteostasis regulates key cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, transcription, and apoptosis. The mechanisms by which proteostasis is regulated are crucial and the deterioration of cellular proteostasis has been significantly associated with tumorigenesis since it specifically targets key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Androgens mediate one of the most central signaling pathways in all stages of PCa via the androgen receptor (AR). In addition to their regulation by hormones, PCa cells are also known to be highly secretory and are particularly prone to ER stress as proper ER function is essential. Alterations in various complex signaling pathways and cellular processes including cell cycle control, transcription, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis are critical factors influencing PCa development through key molecular changes mainly by posttranslational modifications in PCa-related proteins, including AR, NKX3.1, PTEN, p53, cyclin D1, and p27. Several ubiquitin ligases like MDM2, Siah2, RNF6, CHIP, and substrate-binding adaptor SPOP; deubiquitinases such as USP7, USP10, USP26, and USP12 are just some of the modifiers involved in the regulation of these key proteins via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Some ubiquitin-like modifiers, especially SUMOs, have been also closely associated with PCa. On the other hand, the proteotoxicity resulting from misfolded proteins and failure of ER adaptive capacity induce unfolded protein response (UPR) that is an indispensable signaling mechanism for PCa development. Lastly, ER-associated degradation (ERAD) also plays a crucial role in prostate tumorigenesis. In this section, the relationship between prostate cancer and proteostasis will be discussed in terms of UPS, UPR, SUMOylation, ERAD, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oguz Gozen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yalcin Erzurumlu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Kim K, Araujo P, Hebbar N, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Zheng F, Rangnekar VM, Zhan CG. Development of a novel prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) protein entity with an extended duration of action for therapeutic treatment of cancer. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:159-166. [PMID: 31711233 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor which protects against neoplastic transformation. Remarkably, Par-4 is capable of inducing apoptosis selectively in cancer cells without affecting the normal cells. In this study, we found that recombinant Par-4 protein had limited serum persistence in mice that may diminish its anti-tumor activity in vivo. To improve the in vivo performance of the short-lived Par-4 protein, we aimed to develop a novel, long-lasting form of Par-4 with extended sequence, denoted as Par-4Ex, without affecting the desirable molecular function of the natural Par-4. We demonstrate that the Par-4Ex protein entity, produced by using the Escherichia coli expression system suitable for large-scale production, fully retains the desirable pro-apoptotic activity of Par-4 protein, but with ~7-fold improved biological half-life. Further in vivo tests confirmed that, due to the prolonged biological half-life, the Par-4Ex protein is indeed more potent in suppressing metastatic tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungbo Kim
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pereira Araujo
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xirong Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Direito I, Fardilha M, Helguero LA. Contribution of the unfolded protein response to breast and prostate tissue homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:203-215. [PMID: 30596981 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant breast and prostate cancers remain a major clinical problem, new therapeutic approaches and better predictors of therapeutic response are clearly needed. Because of the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion, an increasing number of publications support the hypothesis that impairments in this network trigger and/or exacerbate cancer. Moreover, UPR activation could contribute to the development of drug resistance phenotypes in both breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, targeting this pathway has recently emerged as a promising strategy in anticancer therapy. This review addresses the contribution of UPR to breast and prostate tissues homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response with focus on the current progress on UPR research related to cancer biology, detection, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Nam SM, Jeon YJ. Proteostasis In The Endoplasmic Reticulum: Road to Cure. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1793. [PMID: 31739582 PMCID: PMC6895847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an interconnected organelle that is responsible for the biosynthesis, folding, maturation, stabilization, and trafficking of transmembrane and secretory proteins. Therefore, cells evolve protein quality-control equipment of the ER to ensure protein homeostasis, also termed proteostasis. However, disruption in the folding capacity of the ER caused by a large variety of pathophysiological insults leads to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in this organelle, known as ER stress. Upon ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) of the ER is activated, integrates ER stress signals, and transduces the integrated signals to relive ER stress, thereby leading to the re-establishment of proteostasis. Intriguingly, severe and persistent ER stress and the subsequently sustained unfolded protein response (UPR) are closely associated with tumor development, angiogenesis, aggressiveness, immunosuppression, and therapeutic response of cancer. Additionally, the UPR interconnects various processes in and around the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it has begun to be delineated that pharmacologically and genetically manipulating strategies directed to target the UPR of the ER might exhibit positive clinical outcome in cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the UPR of the ER and the UPR of the ER-mitochondria interconnection. We also highlight new insights into how the UPR of the ER in response to pathophysiological perturbations is implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. We provide the concept to target the UPR of the ER, eventually discussing the potential of therapeutic interventions for targeting the UPR of the ER for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Young Joo Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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Cell Surface GRP78 as a Death Receptor and an Anticancer Drug Target. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111787. [PMID: 31766302 PMCID: PMC6896222 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78, glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa) is preferentially overexpressed in aggressive, metastatic, and chemo-resistant cancers. GRP78 is best studied as a chaperone protein in the lumen of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), facilitating folding and secretion of the newly synthesized proteins and regulating protein degradation as an ER stress sensor in the unfolded protein pathway. As a cell surface signal receptor, multiple csGRP78 ligands have been discovered to date, and they trigger various downstream cell signaling pathways including pro-proliferative, pro-survival, and pro-apoptotic pathways. In this perspective, we evaluate csGRP78 as a cell surface death receptor and its prospect as an anticancer drug target. The pro-apoptotic ligands of csGRP78 discovered so far include natural proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and synthetic peptides. Even the secreted GRP78 itself was recently found to function as a pro-apoptotic ligand for csGRP78, mediating pancreatic β-cell death. As csGRP78 is found to mainly configur as an external peripheral protein on cancer cell surface, how it can transmit death signals to the cytoplasmic environment remains enigmatic. With the recent encouraging results from the natural csGRP78 targeting pro-apoptotic monoclonal antibody PAT-SM6 in early-stage cancer clinical trials, the potential to develop a novel class of anticancer therapeutics targeting csGRP78 is becoming more compelling.
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Wei C, Yang X, Liu N, Geng J, Tai Y, Sun Z, Mei G, Zhou P, Peng Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhang P, Geng Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu F, He X, Zhong H. Tumor Microenvironment Regulation by the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Transmission Mediator Golgi Protein 73 in Mice. Hepatology 2019; 70:851-870. [PMID: 30723919 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) signal in tumor cells activates UPR signaling in neighboring macrophages, which leads to tumor-promoting inflammation by up-regulating UPR target genes and proinflammatory cytokines. However, the molecular basis of this endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transmission remains largely unclear. Here, we identified the secreted form of Golgi protein 73 (GP73), a Golgi-associated protein functional critical for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth and metastasis, is indispensable for ER stress transmission. Notably, ER stressors increased the cellular secretion of GP73. Through GRP78, the secreted GP73 stimulated ER stress activation in neighboring macrophages, which then released cytokines and chemokines involved in the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype. Analysis of HCC patients revealed a positive correlation of GP73 with glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression and TAM density. High GP73 and CD206 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Blockade of GP73 decreased the density of TAMs, inhibited tumor growth, and prolonged survival in two mouse HCC models. Conclusion: Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of extracellular GP73 in the amplification and transmission of ER stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwen Wei
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Geng
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Gangwu Mei
- Wecyte Biotehnology Company, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pengyu Zhou
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Peng
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Chenbin Wang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Geng
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, P.R. China
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Nayak D, Katoch A, Sharma D, Faheem MM, Chakraborty S, Sahu PK, Chikan NA, Amin H, Gupta AP, Gandhi SG, Mukherjee D, Goswami A. Indolylkojyl methane analogue IKM5 potentially inhibits invasion of breast cancer cells via attenuation of GRP78. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:307-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Rahman S, Archana A, Dutta D, Kumar V, Kim J, Jan AT, Minakshi R. The onus of cannabinoids in interrupting the molecular odyssey of breast cancer: A critical perspective on UPR ER and beyond. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:437-445. [PMID: 30976189 PMCID: PMC6438785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, commonly used for medicinal and recreational purposes, consist of various complex hydrophobic molecules obtained from Cannabis sativa L. Acting as an inhibitory molecule; they have been investigated for their antineoplastic effect in various breast tumor models. Lately, it was found that cannabinoid treatment not only stimulates autophagy-mediated apoptotic death of tumor cells through unfolded protein response (UPRER) activated downstream effectors, but also imposes cell cycle arrest. The exploitation of UPRER tumors as such is believed to be a major molecular event and is therefore employed in understanding the development and progression of breast tumor. Simultaneously, the data on clinical trials following administration of cannabinoid is currently being explored to find its role not only in palliation but also in the treatment of breast cancer. The present study summarizes new achievements in understanding the extent of therapeutic progress and highlights recent developments in cannabinoid biology towards achieving a better cure of breast cancer through the exploitation of different cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
| | - Durgashree Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jan Nayak Chaudhary Devilal Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, R.N. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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