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Cheung BCH, Abbed RJ, Wu M, Leggett SE. 3D Traction Force Microscopy in Biological Gels: From Single Cells to Multicellular Spheroids. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:93-118. [PMID: 38316064 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-103122-031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell traction force plays a critical role in directing cellular functions, such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Current understanding of cell traction force is largely derived from 2D measurements where cells are plated on 2D substrates. However, 2D measurements do not recapitulate a vital aspect of living systems; that is, cells actively remodel their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), and the remodeled ECM, in return, can have a profound impact on cell phenotype and traction force generation. This reciprocal adaptivity of living systems is encoded in the material properties of biological gels. In this review, we summarize recent progress in measuring cell traction force for cells embedded within 3D biological gels, with an emphasis on cell-ECM cross talk. We also provide perspectives on tools and techniques that could be adapted to measure cell traction force in complex biochemical and biophysical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C H Cheung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Rana J Abbed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
| | - Susan E Leggett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Pedro De-la-Torre, Wen H, Brower J, Martínez-Pérez K, Narui Y, Yeh F, Hale E, Ivanchenko MV, Corey DP, Sotomayor M, Indzhykulian AA. Elasticity and Thermal Stability are Key Determinants of Hearing Rescue by Mini-Protocadherin-15 Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.16.599132. [PMID: 38948700 PMCID: PMC11212938 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.16.599132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Protocadherin-15 is a core protein component of inner-ear hair-cell tip links pulling on transduction channels essential for hearing and balance. Protocadherin-15 defects can result in non-syndromic deafness or Usher syndrome type 1F (USH1F) with hearing loss, balance deficits, and progressive blindness. Three rationally engineered shortened versions of protocadherin-15 (mini-PCDH15s) amenable for gene therapy have been used to rescue function in USH1F mouse models. Two can successfully or partially rescue hearing, while another one fails. Here we show that despite varying levels of hearing rescue, all three mini-PCDH15 versions can rescue hair-cell mechanotransduction. Negative-stain electron microscopy shows that all three versions form dimers like the wild-type protein, while crystal structures of some engineered fragments show that these can properly fold and bind calcium ions essential for function. In contrast, simulations predict distinct elasticities and nano differential scanning fluorimetry shows differences in melting temperature measurements. Our data suggest that elasticity and thermal stability are key determinants of sustained hearing rescue by mini-PCDH15s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro De-la-Torre
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haosheng Wen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Brower
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karina Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Biology Program, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Atlántico, Cra 30 # 8-49, Puerto Colombia, 081007, Colombia
| | - Yoshie Narui
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Analysis, The Ohio State University, 1275-1305 Kinnear Road, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Frank Yeh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan Hale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Speech and Hearing Biosciences and Technology graduate program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maryna V. Ivanchenko
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P. Corey
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Artur A. Indzhykulian
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA
- Speech and Hearing Biosciences and Technology graduate program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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3
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de la Torre A, Sanchez I, Alvarez IM, Segura JC, Valderrama JT, Muller N, Vargas JL. Multi-response deconvolution of auditory evoked potentials in a reduced representation space. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:3639-3653. [PMID: 38836771 DOI: 10.1121/10.0026228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The estimation of auditory evoked potentials requires deconvolution when the duration of the responses to be recovered exceeds the inter-stimulus interval. Based on least squares deconvolution, in this article we extend the procedure to the case of a multi-response convolutional model, that is, a model in which different categories of stimulus are expected to evoke different responses. The computational cost of the multi-response deconvolution significantly increases with the number of responses to be deconvolved, which restricts its applicability in practical situations. In order to alleviate this restriction, we propose to perform the multi-response deconvolution in a reduced representation space associated with a latency-dependent filtering of auditory responses, which provides a significant dimensionality reduction. We demonstrate the practical viability of the multi-response deconvolution with auditory responses evoked by clicks presented at different levels and categorized according to their stimulation level. The multi-response deconvolution applied in a reduced representation space provides the least squares estimation of the responses with a reasonable computational load. matlab/Octave code implementing the proposed procedure is included as supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel de la Torre
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sanchez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- AVVALE España S.L., Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac M Alvarez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose C Segura
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquin T Valderrama
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicolas Muller
- ENT Service, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L Vargas
- ENT Service, Hospital Universitario Clinico San Cecilio, Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Granada, Spain
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4
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Miyoshi T, Vishwasrao H, Belyantseva I, Sajeevadathan M, Ishibashi Y, Adadey S, Harada N, Shroff H, Friedman T. Live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy for protruding organelles reveals regulatory mechanisms of MYO7A-driven cargo transport in stereocilia of inner ear hair cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4369958. [PMID: 38826223 PMCID: PMC11142366 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4369958/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Stereocilia are unidirectional F-actin-based cylindrical protrusions on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells and function as biological mechanosensors of sound and acceleration. Development of functional stereocilia requires motor activities of unconventional myosins to transport proteins necessary for elongating the F-actin cores and to assemble the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel complex. However, how each myosin localizes in stereocilia using the energy from ATP hydrolysis is only partially understood. In this study, we develop a methodology for live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of organelles protruding from the apical surface using a dual-view light-sheet microscope, diSPIM. We demonstrate that MYO7A, a component of the MET machinery, traffics as a dimer in stereocilia. Movements of MYO7A are restricted when scaffolded by the plasma membrane and F-actin as mediated by MYO7A's interacting partners. Here, we discuss the technical details of our methodology and its future applications including analyses of cargo transportation in various organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Friedman
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH
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5
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Miyoshi T, Vishwasrao HD, Belyantseva IA, Sajeevadathan M, Ishibashi Y, Adadey SM, Harada N, Shroff H, Friedman TB. Live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy for protruding organelles reveals regulatory mechanisms of MYO7A-driven cargo transport in stereocilia of inner ear hair cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.04.590649. [PMID: 38766013 PMCID: PMC11100596 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.04.590649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stereocilia are unidirectional F-actin-based cylindrical protrusions on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells and function as biological mechanosensors of sound and acceleration. Development of functional stereocilia requires motor activities of unconventional myosins to transport proteins necessary for elongating the F-actin cores and to assemble the mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) channel complex. However, how each myosin localizes in stereocilia using the energy from ATP hydrolysis is only partially understood. In this study, we develop a methodology for live-cell single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of organelles protruding from the apical surface using a dual-view light-sheet microscope, diSPIM. We demonstrate that MYO7A, a component of the MET machinery, traffics as a dimer in stereocilia. Movements of MYO7A are restricted when scaffolded by the plasma membrane and F-actin as mediated by MYO7A's interacting partners. Here, we discuss the technical details of our methodology and its future applications including analyses of cargo transportation in various organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Harshad D. Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mrudhula Sajeevadathan
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Yasuko Ishibashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Inner Ear Gene Therapy Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Samuel M. Adadey
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Narinobu Harada
- Hearing Research Laboratory, Harada ENT Clinic, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, 577-0816, Japan
| | - Hari Shroff
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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6
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Rodríguez-Morales R. Sensing in the dark: Constructive evolution of the lateral line system in blind populations of Astyanax mexicanus. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11286. [PMID: 38654714 PMCID: PMC11036076 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cave-adapted animals evolve a suite of regressive and constructive traits that allow survival in the dark. Most studies aiming at understanding cave animal evolution have focused on the genetics and environmental underpinnings of regressive traits, with special emphasis on vision loss. Possibly as a result of vision loss, other non-visual sensory systems have expanded and compensated in cave species. For instance, in many cave-dwelling fish species, including the blind cavefish of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, a major non-visual mechanosensory system called the lateral line, compensated for vision loss through morphological expansions. While substantial work has shed light on constructive adaptation of this system, there are still many open questions regarding its developmental origin, synaptic plasticity, and overall adaptive value. This review provides a snapshot of the current state of knowledge of lateral line adaption in A. mexicanus, with an emphasis on anatomy, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Multiple open avenues for future research in this system, and how these can be leveraged as tools for both evolutionary biology and evolutionary medicine, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico
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7
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Melrose J. Keratan sulfate, an electrosensory neurosentient bioresponsive cell instructive glycosaminoglycan. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae014. [PMID: 38376199 PMCID: PMC10987296 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The roles of keratan sulfate (KS) as a proton detection glycosaminoglycan in neurosensory processes in the central and peripheral nervous systems is reviewed. The functional properties of the KS-proteoglycans aggrecan, phosphacan, podocalyxcin as components of perineuronal nets in neurosensory processes in neuronal plasticity, cognitive learning and memory are also discussed. KS-glycoconjugate neurosensory gels used in electrolocation in elasmobranch fish species and KS substituted mucin like conjugates in some tissue contexts in mammals need to be considered in sensory signalling. Parallels are drawn between KS's roles in elasmobranch fish neurosensory processes and its roles in mammalian electro mechanical transduction of acoustic liquid displacement signals in the cochlea by the tectorial membrane and stereocilia of sensory inner and outer hair cells into neural signals for sound interpretation. The sophisticated structural and functional proteins which maintain the unique high precision physical properties of stereocilia in the detection, transmittance and interpretation of acoustic signals in the hearing process are important. The maintenance of the material properties of stereocilia are essential in sound transmission processes. Specific, emerging roles for low sulfation KS in sensory bioregulation are contrasted with the properties of high charge density KS isoforms. Some speculations are made on how the molecular and electrical properties of KS may be of potential application in futuristic nanoelectronic, memristor technology in advanced ultrafast computing devices with low energy requirements in nanomachines, nanobots or molecular switches which could be potentially useful in artificial synapse development. Application of KS in such innovative areas in bioregulation are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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8
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Jiang P, Kent C, Rossiter J. Towards sensory substitution and augmentation: Mapping visual distance to audio and tactile frequency. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299213. [PMID: 38530828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimodal perception is the predominant means by which individuals experience and interact with the world. However, sensory dysfunction or loss can significantly impede this process. In such cases, cross-modality research offers valuable insight into how we can compensate for these sensory deficits through sensory substitution. Although sight and hearing are both used to estimate the distance to an object (e.g., by visual size and sound volume) and the perception of distance is an important element in navigation and guidance, it is not widely studied in cross-modal research. We investigate the relationship between audio and vibrotactile frequencies (in the ranges 47-2,764 Hz and 10-99 Hz, respectively) and distances uniformly distributed in the range 1-12 m. In our experiments participants mapped the distance (represented by an image of a model at that distance) to a frequency via adjusting a virtual tuning knob. The results revealed that the majority (more than 76%) of participants demonstrated a strong negative monotonic relationship between frequency and distance, across both vibrotactile (represented by a natural log function) and auditory domains (represented by an exponential function). However, a subgroup of participants showed the opposite positive linear relationship between frequency and distance. The strong cross-modal sensory correlation could contribute to the development of assistive robotic technologies and devices to augment human perception. This work provides the fundamental foundation for future assisted HRI applications where a mapping between distance and frequency is needed, for example for people with vision or hearing loss, drivers with loss of focus or response delay, doctors undertaking teleoperation surgery, and users in augmented reality (AR) or virtual reality (VR) environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Jiang
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Kent
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Rossiter
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- SoftLab, Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom
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9
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Miyoshi T, Belyantseva IA, Sajeevadathan M, Friedman TB. Pathophysiology of human hearing loss associated with variants in myosins. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1374901. [PMID: 38562617 PMCID: PMC10982375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1374901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Deleterious variants of more than one hundred genes are associated with hearing loss including MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A and two conventional myosins MYH9 and MYH14. Variants of MYO7A also manifest as Usher syndrome associated with dysfunction of the retina and vestibule as well as hearing loss. While the functions of MYH9 and MYH14 in the inner ear are debated, MYO3A, MYO6, MYO7A and MYO15A are expressed in inner ear hair cells along with class-I myosin MYO1C and are essential for developing and maintaining functional stereocilia on the apical surface of hair cells. Stereocilia are large, cylindrical, actin-rich protrusions functioning as biological mechanosensors to detect sound, acceleration and posture. The rigidity of stereocilia is sustained by highly crosslinked unidirectionally-oriented F-actin, which also provides a scaffold for various proteins including unconventional myosins and their cargo. Typical myosin molecules consist of an ATPase head motor domain to transmit forces to F-actin, a neck containing IQ-motifs that bind regulatory light chains and a tail region with motifs recognizing partners. Instead of long coiled-coil domains characterizing conventional myosins, the tails of unconventional myosins have various motifs to anchor or transport proteins and phospholipids along the F-actin core of a stereocilium. For these myosins, decades of studies have elucidated their biochemical properties, interacting partners in hair cells and variants associated with hearing loss. However, less is known about how myosins traffic in a stereocilium using their motor function, and how each variant correlates with a clinical condition including the severity and onset of hearing loss, mode of inheritance and presence of symptoms other than hearing loss. Here, we cover the domain structures and functions of myosins associated with hearing loss together with advances, open questions about trafficking of myosins in stereocilia and correlations between hundreds of variants in myosins annotated in ClinVar and the corresponding deafness phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takushi Miyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Inna A. Belyantseva
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mrudhula Sajeevadathan
- Division of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, United States
| | - Thomas B. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Anselmi C, Fuller GK, Stolfi A, Groves AK, Manni L. Sensory cells in tunicates: insights into mechanoreceptor evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1359207. [PMID: 38550380 PMCID: PMC10973136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1359207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunicates, the sister group of vertebrates, offer a unique perspective for evolutionary developmental studies (Evo-Devo) due to their simple anatomical organization. Moreover, the separation of tunicates from vertebrates predated the vertebrate-specific genome duplications. As adults, they include both sessile and pelagic species, with very limited mobility requirements related mainly to water filtration. In sessile species, larvae exhibit simple swimming behaviors that are required for the selection of a suitable substrate on which to metamorphose. Despite their apparent simplicity, tunicates display a variety of mechanoreceptor structures involving both primary and secondary sensory cells (i.e., coronal sensory cells). This review encapsulates two decades of research on tunicate mechanoreception focusing on the coronal organ's sensory cells as prime candidates for understanding the evolution of vertebrate hair cells of the inner ear and the lateral line organ. The review spans anatomical, cellular and molecular levels emphasizing both similarity and differences between tunicate and vertebrate mechanoreception strategies. The evolutionary significance of mechanoreception is discussed within the broader context of Evo-Devo studies, shedding light on the intricate pathways that have shaped the sensory system in chordates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Anselmi
- Hopkins Marine Station, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Gwynna K. Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alberto Stolfi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Andrew K. Groves
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lucia Manni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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11
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Sun L, Meissner J, He J, Cui L, Fürstenhaupt T, Liang X. Resolving the In Situ Three-Dimensional Structure of Fly Mechanosensory Organelles Using Serial Section Electron Tomography. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4940. [PMID: 38405077 PMCID: PMC10883892 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensory organelles (MOs) are specialized subcellular entities where force-sensitive channels and supporting structures (e.g., microtubule cytoskeleton) are organized in an orderly manner. The delicate structure of MOs needs to be resolved to understand the mechanisms by which they detect forces and how they are formed. Here, we describe a protocol that allows obtaining detailed information about the nanoscopic ultrastructure of fly MOs by using serial section electron tomography (SS-ET). To preserve fine structural details, the tissues are cryo-immobilized using a high-pressure freezer followed by freeze-substitution at low temperature and embedding in resin at room temperature. Then, sample sections are prepared and used to acquire the dual-axis tilt series images, which are further processed for tomographic reconstruction. Finally, tomograms of consecutive sections are combined into a single larger volume using microtubules as fiducial markers. Using this protocol, we managed to reconstruct the sensory organelles, which provide novel molecular insights as to how fly mechanosensory organelles work and are formed. Based on our experience, we think that, with minimal modifications, this protocol can be adapted to a wide range of applications using different cell and tissue samples. Key features • Resolving the high-resolution 3D ultrastructure of subcellular organelles using serial section electron tomography (SS-ET). • Compared with single-axis tilt series, dual-axis tilt series provides a much wider coverage of Fourier space, improving resolution and features in the reconstructed tomograms. • The use of high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution maximally preserves the fine structural details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landi Sun
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of
Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jana Meissner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jianfeng He
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of
Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- Center of Biomedical Analysis, School of Life
Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Fürstenhaupt
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xin Liang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of
Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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12
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Wang RL, Chang RB. The Coding Logic of Interoception. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:301-327. [PMID: 38061018 PMCID: PMC11103614 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-023455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Interoception, the ability to precisely and timely sense internal body signals, is critical for life. The interoceptive system monitors a large variety of mechanical, chemical, hormonal, and pathological cues using specialized organ cells, organ innervating neurons, and brain sensory neurons. It is important for maintaining body homeostasis, providing motivational drives, and regulating autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral functions. However, compared to external sensory systems, our knowledge about how diverse body signals are coded at a system level is quite limited. In this review, we focus on the unique features of interoceptive signals and the organization of the interoceptive system, with the goal of better understanding the coding logic of interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi L Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
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13
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Lee JH, Perez-Flores MC, Park S, Kim HJ, Chen Y, Kang M, Kersigo J, Choi J, Thai PN, Woltz RL, Perez-Flores DC, Perkins G, Sihn CR, Trinh P, Zhang XD, Sirish P, Dong Y, Feng WW, Pessah IN, Dixon RE, Sokolowski B, Fritzsch B, Chiamvimonvat N, Yamoah EN. The Piezo channel is a mechano-sensitive complex component in the mammalian inner ear hair cell. Nat Commun 2024; 15:526. [PMID: 38228630 PMCID: PMC10791687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is the hub where hair cells (HCs) transduce sound, gravity, and head acceleration stimuli to the brain. Hearing and balance rely on mechanosensation, the fastest sensory signals transmitted to the brain. The mechanoelectrical transducer (MET) channel is the entryway for the sound-balance-brain interface, but the channel-complex composition is not entirely known. Here, we report that the mouse utilizes Piezo1 (Pz1) and Piezo2 (Pz2) isoforms as MET-complex components. The Pz channels, expressed in HC stereocilia, and cell lines are co-localized and co-assembled with MET complex partners. Mice expressing non-functional Pz1 and Pz2 at the ROSA26 locus have impaired auditory and vestibular traits that can only be explained if the Pzs are integral to the MET complex. We suggest that Pz subunits constitute part of the MET complex and that interactions with other MET complex components yield functional MET units to generate HC MET currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Han Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Maria C Perez-Flores
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Prestige Biopharma, 11-12F, 44, Myongjigukje7-ro, Gangseo-gu, Busan, 67264, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Mincheol Kang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Prestige Biopharma, 11-12F, 44, Myongjigukje7-ro, Gangseo-gu, Busan, 67264, South Korea
| | | | - Jinsil Choi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ryan L Woltz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Guy Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Choong-Ryoul Sihn
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yao Dong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wayne Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 1089 VM3B, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bernd Sokolowski
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Bernd Fritzsch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- VA Northern California Healthcare System, Sacramento, USA
| | - Ebenezer N Yamoah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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14
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Qi J, Tan F, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Sun Q, Li N, Fang Y, Chen X, Wu Y, Zhong G, Chai R. Critical role of TPRN rings in the stereocilia for hearing. Mol Ther 2024; 32:204-217. [PMID: 37952086 PMCID: PMC10787140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Inner ear hair cells detect sound vibration through the deflection of mechanosensory stereocilia. Cytoplasmic protein TPRN has been shown to localize at the taper region of the stereocilia, and mutations in TPRN cause hereditary hearing loss through an unknown mechanism. Here, using biochemistry and dual stimulated emission depletion microscopy imaging, we show that the TPRN, together with its binding proteins CLIC5 and PTPRQ, forms concentric rings in the taper region of stereocilia. The disruption of TPRN rings, triggered by the competitive inhibition of the interaction of TPRN and CLIC5 or exogenous TPRN overexpression, leads to stereocilia degeneration and severe hearing loss. Most importantly, restoration of the TPRN rings can rescue the damaged auditory function of Tprn knockout mice by exogenously expressing TPRN at an appropriate level in HCs via promoter recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV). In summary, our results reveal highly structured TPRN rings near the taper region of stereocilia that are crucial for stereocilia function and hearing. Also, TPRN ring restoration in stereocilia by AAV-Tprn effectively repairs damaged hearing, which lays the foundation for the clinical application of AAV-mediated gene therapy in patients with TPRN mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Liyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qiuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Nianci Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Southeast University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518063, China.
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15
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De Vreese S, Orekhova K, Morell M, Gerussi T, Graïc JM. Neuroanatomy of the Cetacean Sensory Systems. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:66. [PMID: 38200796 PMCID: PMC10778493 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cetaceans have undergone profound sensory adaptations in response to their aquatic environment during evolution. These adaptations are characterised by anatomo-functional changes in the classically defined sensory systems, shaping their neuroanatomy accordingly. This review offers a concise and up-to-date overview of our current understanding of the neuroanatomy associated with cetacean sensory systems. It encompasses a wide spectrum, ranging from the peripheral sensory cells responsible for detecting environmental cues, to the intricate structures within the central nervous system that process and interpret sensory information. Despite considerable progress in this field, numerous knowledge gaps persist, impeding a comprehensive and integrated understanding of their sensory adaptations, and through them, of their sensory perspective. By synthesising recent advances in neuroanatomical research, this review aims to shed light on the intricate sensory alterations that differentiate cetaceans from other mammals and allow them to thrive in the marine environment. Furthermore, it highlights pertinent knowledge gaps and invites future investigations to deepen our understanding of the complex processes in cetacean sensory ecology and anatomy, physiology and pathology in the scope of conservation biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen De Vreese
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics (LAB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech (UPC), 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain
| | - Ksenia Orekhova
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Maria Morell
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 25761 Büsum, Germany;
| | - Tommaso Gerussi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
| | - Jean-Marie Graïc
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (K.O.); (T.G.); (J.-M.G.)
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16
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Cho DH, Aguayo S, Cartagena-Rivera AX. Atomic force microscopy-mediated mechanobiological profiling of complex human tissues. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122389. [PMID: 37988897 PMCID: PMC10842832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue mechanobiology is an emerging field with the overarching goal of understanding the interplay between biophysical and biochemical responses affecting development, physiology, and disease. Changes in mechanical properties including stiffness and viscosity have been shown to describe how cells and tissues respond to mechanical cues and modify critical biological functions. To quantitatively characterize the mechanical properties of tissues at physiologically relevant conditions, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a highly versatile biomechanical technology. In this review, we describe the fundamental principles of AFM, typical AFM modalities used for tissue mechanics, and commonly used elastic and viscoelastic contact mechanics models to characterize complex human tissues. Furthermore, we discuss the application of AFM-based mechanobiology to characterize the mechanical responses within complex human tissues to track their developmental, physiological/functional, and diseased states, including oral, hearing, and cancer-related tissues. Finally, we discuss the current outlook and challenges to further advance the field of tissue mechanobiology. Altogether, AFM-based tissue mechanobiology provides a mechanistic understanding of biological processes governing the unique functions of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Cho
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Aguayo
- Dentistry School, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Schools of Engineering, Medicine, and Biological Sciences, Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander X Cartagena-Rivera
- Section on Mechanobiology, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Liu J, Xie H, Wu M, Hu Y, Kang Y. The role of cilia during organogenesis in zebrafish. Open Biol 2023; 13:230228. [PMID: 38086423 PMCID: PMC10715920 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are hair-like organelles that protrude from the surface of eukaryotic cells and are present on the surface of nearly all human cells. Cilia play a crucial role in signal transduction, organ development and tissue homeostasis. Abnormalities in the structure and function of cilia can lead to a group of human diseases known as ciliopathies. Currently, zebrafish serves as an ideal model for studying ciliary function and ciliopathies due to its relatively conserved structure and function of cilia compared to humans. In this review, we will summarize the different types of cilia that present in embryonic and adult zebrafish, and provide an overview of the advantages of using zebrafish as a vertebrate model for cilia research. We will specifically focus on the roles of cilia during zebrafish organogenesis based on recent studies. Additionally, we will highlight future prospects for ciliary research in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xie
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfan Wu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Hu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsi Kang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
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18
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Qin Y, Yu D, Wu D, Dong J, Li WT, Ye C, Cheung KC, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang Y, Shi YS, Dang S. Cryo-EM structure of TMEM63C suggests it functions as a monomer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7265. [PMID: 37945568 PMCID: PMC10636204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The TMEM63 family proteins (A, B, and C), calcium-permeable channels in animals that are preferentially activated by hypo-osmolality, have been implicated in various physiological functions. Deficiency of these channels would cause many diseases including hearing loss. However, their structures and physiological roles are not yet well understood. In this study, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the mouse TMEM63C at 3.56 Å, and revealed structural differences compared to TMEM63A, TMEM63B, and the plant orthologues OSCAs. Further structural guided mutagenesis and calcium imaging demonstrated the important roles of the coupling of TM0 and TM6 in channel activity. Additionally, we confirm that TMEM63C exists primarily as a monomer under physiological conditions, in contrast, TMEM63B is a mix of monomer and dimer in cells, suggesting that oligomerization is a regulatory mechanism for TMEM63 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Qin
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daqi Yu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Jiangqing Dong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Thomas Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - Kai Chit Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Biological Cryo-EM Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China
| | - YongQiang Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210032, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, 519031, China.
| | - Shangyu Dang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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19
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Villasante CM, Deng X, Cohen JE, Hudspeth AJ. Nanomechanics of wild-type and mutant dimers of the tip-link protein protocadherin 15. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.562769. [PMID: 37905108 PMCID: PMC10614884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.562769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force controls the opening and closing of mechanosensitive ion channels atop the hair bundles of the inner ear. The filamentous tip link connecting transduction channels to the tallest neighboring stereocilium modulates the force transmitted to the channels and thus changes their probability of opening. Each tip link comprises four molecules: a dimer of protocadherin 15 and a dimer of cadherin 23, all of which are stabilized by Ca2+ binding. Using a high-speed optical trap to examine dimeric PCDH15, we find that the protein's configuration is sensitive to Ca2+ and that the molecule exhibits limited unfolding at a physiological Ca2+ concentration. PCDH15 can therefore modulate its stiffness without undergoing large unfolding events in physiological Ca2+ conditions. The experimentally determined stiffness of PCDH15 accords with published values for the stiffness of the gating spring, the mechanical element that controls the opening of mechanotransduction channels. When PCDH15 has a point mutation, V507D, associated with non-syndromic hearing loss, unfolding events occur more frequently under tension and refolding events occur less often than in the wild-type protein. Our results suggest that the maintenance of appropriate tension in the gating spring is critical to the appropriate transmission of force to transduction channels, and hence to hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Villasante
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Xinyue Deng
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Joel E Cohen
- Laboratory of Populations, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Earth Institute and Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A J Hudspeth
- Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065 USA
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20
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Mamiya A, Sustar A, Siwanowicz I, Qi Y, Lu TC, Gurung P, Chen C, Phelps JS, Kuan AT, Pacureanu A, Lee WCA, Li H, Mhatre N, Tuthill JC. Biomechanical origins of proprioceptor feature selectivity and topographic maps in the Drosophila leg. Neuron 2023; 111:3230-3243.e14. [PMID: 37562405 PMCID: PMC10644877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to sense and move our bodies relies on proprioceptors, sensory neurons that detect mechanical forces within the body. Different subtypes of proprioceptors detect different kinematic features, such as joint position, movement, and vibration, but the mechanisms that underlie proprioceptor feature selectivity remain poorly understood. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we found that proprioceptor subtypes in the Drosophila leg lack differential expression of mechanosensitive ion channels. However, anatomical reconstruction of the proprioceptors and connected tendons revealed major biomechanical differences between subtypes. We built a model of the proprioceptors and tendons that identified a biomechanical mechanism for joint angle selectivity and predicted the existence of a topographic map of joint angle, which we confirmed using calcium imaging. Our findings suggest that biomechanical specialization is a key determinant of proprioceptor feature selectivity in Drosophila. More broadly, the discovery of proprioceptive maps reveals common organizational principles between proprioception and other topographically organized sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Mamiya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Sustar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Igor Siwanowicz
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Yanyan Qi
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pralaksha Gurung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chenghao Chen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Jasper S Phelps
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron T Kuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjie Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natasha Mhatre
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - John C Tuthill
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Song X, Cui L, Wu M, Wang S, Song Y, Liu Z, Xue Z, Chen W, Zhang Y, Li H, Sun L, Liang X. DCX-EMAP is a core organizer for the ultrastructure of Drosophila mechanosensory organelles. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202209116. [PMID: 37651176 PMCID: PMC10471123 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202209116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanoreceptor cells develop specialized mechanosensory organelles (MOs), where force-sensitive channels and supporting structures are organized in an orderly manner to detect forces. It is intriguing how MOs are formed. Here, we address this issue by studying the MOs of fly ciliated mechanoreceptors. We show that the main structure of the MOs is a compound cytoskeleton formed of short microtubules and electron-dense materials (EDMs). In a knock-out mutant of DCX-EMAP, this cytoskeleton is nearly absent, suggesting that DCX-EMAP is required for the formation of the MOs and in turn fly mechanotransduction. Further analysis reveals that DCX-EMAP expresses in fly ciliated mechanoreceptors and localizes to the MOs. Moreover, it plays dual roles by promoting the assembly/stabilization of the microtubules and the accumulation of the EDMs in the MOs. Therefore, DCX-EMAP serves as a core ultrastructural organizer of the MOs, and this finding provides novel molecular insights as to how fly MOs are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Song
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Cui
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghua Wu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlong Song
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Landi Sun
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Liang
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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22
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Li W, Chung WL, Kozlov MM, Medalia O, Geiger B, Bershadsky AD. Chiral growth of adherent filopodia. Biophys J 2023; 122:3704-3721. [PMID: 37301982 PMCID: PMC10541518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent filopodia are elongated finger-like membrane protrusions, extending from the edges of diverse cell types and participating in cell adhesion, spreading, migration, and environmental sensing. The formation and elongation of filopodia are driven by the polymerization of parallel actin filaments, comprising the filopodia cytoskeletal core. Here, we report that adherent filopodia, formed during the spreading of cultured cells on galectin-8-coated substrates, tend to change the direction of their extension in a chiral fashion, acquiring a left-bent shape. Cryoelectron tomography examination indicated that turning of the filopodia tip to the left is accompanied by the displacement of the actin core bundle to the right of the filopodia midline. Reduction of the adhesion to galectin-8 by treatment with thiodigalactoside abolished this filopodia chirality. By modulating the expression of a variety of actin-associated filopodia proteins, we identified myosin-X and formin DAAM1 as major filopodia chirality promoting factors. Formin mDia1, actin filament elongation factor VASP, and actin filament cross-linker fascin were also shown to be involved. Thus, the simple actin cytoskeleton of filopodia, together with a small number of associated proteins are sufficient to drive a complex navigation process, manifested by the development of left-right asymmetry in these cellular protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Li
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wen-Lu Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Aristizábal-Ramírez I, Dragich AK, Giese APJ, Sofia Zuluaga-Osorio K, Watkins J, Davies GK, Hadi SE, Riazuddin S, Vander Kooi CW, Ahmed ZM, Frolenkov GI. Calcium and Integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) controls force sensitivity of the mechanotransducer channels in cochlear outer hair cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.09.545606. [PMID: 37461484 PMCID: PMC10350036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.09.545606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Calcium and Integrin-Binding Protein 2 (CIB2) is an essential subunit of the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) complex in mammalian auditory hair cells. CIB2 binds to pore-forming subunits of the MET channel, TMC1/2 and is required for their transport and/or retention at the tips of mechanosensory stereocilia. Since genetic ablation of CIB2 results in complete loss of MET currents, the exact role of CIB2 in the MET complex remains elusive. Here, we generated a new mouse strain with deafness-causing p.R186W mutation in Cib2 and recorded small but still measurable MET currents in the cochlear outer hair cells. We found that R186W variant causes increase of the resting open probability of MET channels, steeper MET current dependence on hair bundle deflection (I-X curve), loss of fast adaptation, and increased leftward shifts of I-X curves upon hair cell depolarization. Combined with AlphaFold2 prediction that R186W disrupts one of the multiple interacting sites between CIB2 and TMC1/2, our data suggest that CIB2 mechanically constraints TMC1/2 conformations to ensure proper force sensitivity and dynamic range of the MET channels. Using a custom piezo-driven stiff probe deflecting the hair bundles in less than 10 µs, we also found that R186W variant slows down the activation of MET channels. This phenomenon, however, is unlikely to be due to direct effect on MET channels, since we also observed R186W-evoked disruption of the electron-dense material at the tips of mechanotransducing stereocilia and the loss of membrane-shaping BAIAP2L2 protein from the same location. We concluded that R186W variant of CIB2 disrupts force sensitivity of the MET channels and force transmission to these channels.
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24
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Yoon JY, Kim GW. Harnessing adaptive bistable stiffness of hair-cell-bundle structure for broadband vibration applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10750. [PMID: 37400522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents an initial study on the adaptive bistable stiffness of the hair cell bundle structure in a frog cochlea, and aims to harness its bistable nonlinearity that features a negative stiffness region for broadband vibration applications such as vibration-based energy harvesters. To this end, the mathematical model for describing the bistable stiffness is first formulated based on the modeling concept of piecewise type nonlinearities. The harmonic balance method was then employed to examine the nonlinear responses of bistable oscillator, mimicking hair cells bundle structure under the frequency sweeping condition, and their dynamic behaviors induced by bistable stiffness characteristics are projected on phase diagrams, and Poincare maps concerning the bifurcation. In particular, the bifurcation mapping at the super- and sub-harmonic regimes provides a better perspective to examine the nonlinear motions which occur in the biomimetic system. The use of bistable stiffness characteristics of hair cell bundle structure in frog cochlea thus offers physical insights to harness the adaptive bistable stiffness for metamaterial-like potential engineering structures such as vibration-based energy harvester, and isolator etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yun Yoon
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Cherkashin AP, Rogachevskaja OA, Khokhlov AA, Kabanova NV, Bystrova MF, Kolesnikov SS. Contribution of TRPC3-mediated Ca 2+ entry to taste transduction. Pflugers Arch 2023:10.1007/s00424-023-02834-8. [PMID: 37369785 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The current concept of taste transduction implicates the TASR/PLCβ2/IP3R3/TRPM5 axis in mediating chemo-electrical coupling in taste cells of the type II. While generation of IP3 has been verified as an obligatory step, DAG appears to be a byproduct of PIP2 cleavage by PLCβ2. Here, we provide evidence that DAG-signaling could play a significant and not yet recognized role in taste transduction. In particular, we found that DAG-gated channels are functional in type II cells but not in type I and type III cells. The DAG-gated current presumably constitutes a fraction of the generator current triggered by taste stimulation in type II cells. Bitter stimuli and DAG analogs produced Ca2+ transients in type II cells, which were greatly decreased at low bath Ca2+, indicating their dependence on Ca2+ influx. Among DAG-gated channels, transcripts solely for TRPC3 were detected in the taste tissue, thus implicating this channel in mediating DAG-regulated Ca2+ entry. Release of the afferent neurotransmitter ATP from CV papillae was monitored online by using the luciferin/luciferase method and Ussing-like chamber. It was shown that ATP secretion initiated by bitter stimuli and DAG analogs strongly depended on mucosal Ca2+. Based on the overall findings, we speculate that in taste transduction, IP3-driven Ca2+ release is transient and mainly responsible for rapid activation of Ca2+-gated TRPM5 channels, thus forming the initial phase of receptor potential. DAG-regulated Ca2+ entry through apically situated TRPC3 channels extends the primary Ca2+ signal and preserves TRPM5 activity, providing a needful prolongation of the receptor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Cherkashin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga A Rogachevskaja
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander A Khokhlov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kabanova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Marina F Bystrova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Stanislav S Kolesnikov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Institutskaya Street, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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26
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Giese APJ, Weng WH, Kindt KS, Chang HHV, Montgomery JS, Ratzan EM, Beirl AJ, Rivera RA, Lotthammer JM, Walujkar S, Foster MP, Zobeiri OA, Holt JR, Riazuddin S, Cullen KE, Sotomayor M, Ahmed ZM. Complexes of vertebrate TMC1/2 and CIB2/3 proteins form hair-cell mechanotransduction cation channels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.26.542533. [PMID: 37398045 PMCID: PMC10312449 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.26.542533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium and integrin-binding protein 2 (CIB2) and CIB3 bind to transmembrane channel-like 1 (TMC1) and TMC2, the pore-forming subunits of the inner-ear mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) apparatus. Whether these interactions are functionally relevant across mechanosensory organs and vertebrate species is unclear. Here we show that both CIB2 and CIB3 can form heteromeric complexes with TMC1 and TMC2 and are integral for MET function in mouse cochlea and vestibular end organs as well as in zebrafish inner ear and lateral line. Our AlphaFold 2 models suggest that vertebrate CIB proteins can simultaneously interact with at least two cytoplasmic domains of TMC1 and TMC2 as validated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of TMC1 fragments interacting with CIB2 and CIB3. Molecular dynamics simulations of TMC1/2 complexes with CIB2/3 predict that TMCs are structurally stabilized by CIB proteins to form cation channels. Overall, our work demonstrates that intact CIB2/3 and TMC1/2 complexes are integral to hair-cell MET function in vertebrate mechanosensory epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud P J Giese
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Jonathan S Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evan M Ratzan
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alisha J Beirl
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roberto Aponte Rivera
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Lotthammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanket Walujkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark P Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Omid A Zobeiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Holt
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen E Cullen
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience, and Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Jia S, Ratzan EM, Goodrich EJ, Abrar R, Heiland L, Tarchini B, Deans MR. The dark kinase STK32A regulates hair cell planar polarity opposite of EMX2 in the developing mouse inner ear. eLife 2023; 12:e84910. [PMID: 37144879 PMCID: PMC10202454 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular maculae of the inner ear contain sensory receptor hair cells that detect linear acceleration and contribute to equilibrioception to coordinate posture and ambulatory movements. These hair cells are divided between two groups, separated by a line of polarity reversal (LPR), with oppositely oriented planar-polarized stereociliary bundles that detect motion in opposite directions. The transcription factor EMX2 is known to establish this planar polarized organization in mouse by regulating the distribution of the transmembrane receptor GPR156 at hair cell boundaries in one group of cells. However, the genes regulated by EMX2 in this context were previously not known. Using mouse as a model, we have identified the serine threonine kinase STK32A as a downstream effector negatively regulated by EMX2. Stk32a is expressed in hair cells on one side of the LPR in a pattern complementary to Emx2 expression in hair cells on the opposite side. Stk32a is necessary to align the intrinsic polarity of the bundle with the core planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in EMX2-negative regions, and is sufficient to reorient bundles when ectopically expressed in neighboring EMX2-positive regions. We demonstrate that STK32A reinforces LPR formation by regulating the apical localization of GPR156. These observations support a model in which bundle orientation is determined through separate mechanisms in hair cells on opposite sides of the maculae, with EMX2-mediated repression of Stk32a determining the final position of the LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Jia
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Evan M Ratzan
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ellison J Goodrich
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Raisa Abrar
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Luke Heiland
- Department of Otolaryngology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Basile Tarchini
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborUnited States
- Tufts University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Michael R Deans
- Department of Neurobiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine at the University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
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28
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Yang C, Hu J, Wu S, Pan M, Li P, Du Q, Peng J, Qiu W, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Chen P, Wang H. An Ultrahighly Pressure Sensitive Electronic Fish Skin for Underwater Wave Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20421-20434. [PMID: 37039812 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Underwater flexible sensors have a future for wide application, which is promising for attaching them to underwater creatures to monitor vital signals and biomechanical analysis of their motion and perceive tiny environmental disturbances. However, the pressure waves induced by biological swimming are extremely weak and susceptible to undercurrents, making them difficult to sense. Here, we report an ultrahighly sensitive biomimetic electronic fish skin designed by embedding an artificial pseudocapacitive-based hair cell into a simulated canal neuromast encapsulation structure, in which the artificial hair cell, as the key sensitive unit, is assembled from hybrid film electrodes and polyurethane-acidic electrolyte foam. Such a film is prepared by inter-cross-linking MXene and holey reduced graphene oxide with the assistance of l-cysteine, effectively increasing the interfacial capacitance and alleviating the oxidation issues of MXene. Meanwhile, the acidic foam with high porosity shows great compressibility to adapt to a high-pressure underwater environment. Consequently, the device exhibits ultrahighly sensitivity (maximum sensitivity ∼173688 kPa-1) over a wide range of depths (0-100 m) and remains stable after 10000 repeated tests. As an example case, the device is integrated as a motion monitoring system to identify the minor disturbances triggered by instantaneous postural changes of fish. The electronic fish skin is expected to demonstrate enormous potentials in flow field monitoring, ocean current detecting, and even seismic waves warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiu Yang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jiafei Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Mengchun Pan
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Peisen Li
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qingfa Du
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Junping Peng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Weicheng Qiu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yueguo Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Pengteng Chen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Haomiao Wang
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology (NUDT), Deya Road 109, Changsha 410073, China
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29
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Parra-Perez AM, Lopez-Escamez JA. Types of Inheritance and Genes Associated with Familial Meniere Disease. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0. [PMID: 37022572 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-023-00896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meniere disease (MD) is a rare disorder of the inner ear defined by sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with episodes of vertigo and tinnitus. The phenotype is variable, and it may be associated with other comorbidities such as migraine, respiratory allergies, and several autoimmune disorders. The condition has a significant heritability according to epidemiological and familial segregation studies. Familial MD is found in 10% of cases, the most frequently found genes being OTOG, MYO7A, and TECTA, previously associated with autosomal dominant and recessive non-syndromic SNHL. These findings suggest a new hypothesis where proteins involved in the extracellular structures in the apical surface of sensory epithelia (otolithic and tectorial membranes) and proteins in the stereocilia links would be key elements in the pathophysiology of MD. The ionic homeostasis of the otolithic and tectorial membranes could be critical to suppress the innate motility of individual hair cell bundles. Initially, focal detachment of these extracellular membranes may cause random depolarization of hair cells and will explain changes in tinnitus loudness or trigger vertigo attacks in early stages of MD. With the progression of the disease, a larger detachment will lead to an otolithic membrane herniation into the horizontal semicircular canal with dissociation in caloric and head impulse responses. Familial MD shows different types of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and compound recessive patterns and implementation of genetic testing will improve our understanding of the genetic structure of MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Parra-Perez
- Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, St Leonards NSW 2064, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO - Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research - Pfizer, University of Granada, PTS, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Lopez-Escamez
- Meniere's Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, 10 Westbourne St, St Leonards NSW 2064, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO - Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research - Pfizer, University of Granada, PTS, Junta de Andalucía, Granada, Spain.
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Sensorineural Pathology Programme, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Wang H, Du H, Ren R, Du T, Lin L, Feng Z, Zhao D, Wei X, Zhai X, Wang H, Dong T, Sun JP, Wu H, Xu Z, Lu Q. Temporal and spatial assembly of inner ear hair cell ankle link condensate through phase separation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1657. [PMID: 36964137 PMCID: PMC10039067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereocilia are actin-based cell protrusions of inner ear hair cells and are indispensable for mechanotransduction. Ankle links connect the ankle region of developing stereocilia, playing an essential role in stereocilia development. WHRN, PDZD7, ADGRV1 and USH2A have been identified to form the so-called ankle link complex (ALC); however, the detailed mechanism underlying the temporal emergence and degeneration of ankle links remains elusive. Here we show that WHRN and PDZD7 orchestrate ADGRV1 and USH2A to assemble the ALC through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Disruption of the ALC multivalency for LLPS largely abolishes the distribution of WHRN at the ankle region of stereocilia. Interestingly, high concentration of ADGRV1 inhibits LLPS, providing a potential mechanism for ALC disassembly. Moreover, certain deafness mutations of ALC genes weaken the multivalent interactions of ALC and impair LLPS. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LLPS mediates ALC formation, providing essential clues for understanding the pathogenesis of deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haibo Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100074, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Dange Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- College of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Audiology and Vestibular Medicine, Chinese PLA Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Bio-X-Renji Hospital Research Center, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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31
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Bai X, Xu K, Xie L, Qiu Y, Chen S, Sun Y. The Dual Roles of Triiodothyronine in Regulating the Morphology of Hair Cells and Supporting Cells during Critical Periods of Mouse Cochlear Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054559. [PMID: 36901990 PMCID: PMC10003541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, thyroid-related diseases such as endemic iodine deficiency and congenital hypothyroidism are associated with hearing loss, suggesting that thyroid hormones are essential for the development of normal hearing. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the main active form of thyroid hormone and its effect on the remodeling of the organ of Corti remain unclear. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of T3 on the remodeling of the organ of Corti and supporting cells development during early development. In this study, mice treated with T3 at postnatal (P) day 0 or P1 showed severe hearing loss with disordered stereocilia of the outer hair cells (OHCs) and impaired function of mechanoelectrical transduction of OHCs. In addition, we found that treatment with T3 at P0 or P1 resulted in the overproduction of Deiter-like cells. Compared with the control group, the transcription levels of Sox2 and notch pathway-related genes in the cochlea of the T3 group were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, Sox2-haploinsufficient mice treated with T3 not only showed excess numbers of Deiter-like cells but also a large number of ectopic outer pillar cells (OPCs). Our study provides new evidence for the dual roles of T3 in regulating both hair cells and supporting cell development, suggesting that it is possible to increase the reserve of supporting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Le Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-27-8535-1632 (Y.S.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-27-8535-1632 (Y.S.)
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32
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Gurberg J, Tomczak KK, Brodsky JR. Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 198:229-240. [PMID: 38043965 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823356-6.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood (or recurrent vertigo of childhood) is the most common cause of vertigo in young children. It is considered a pediatric migraine variant or precursor disorder, and children with the condition have an increased likelihood of developing migraine later in life than the general population. Episodes are typically associated with room-spinning vertigo in conjunction with other migrainous symptoms (e.g. pallor, nausea, etc.), but it is rarely associated with headaches. Episodes typically only last for a few minutes and occur with a frequency of days to weeks without interictal symptoms or exam/test abnormalities. Treatment is rarely necessary, but migraine therapy may be beneficial in cases where episodes are particularly severe, frequent, and/or prolonged. An appreciation of the typical presentation and characteristics of this common condition is essential to any provider responsible for the care of children with migraine disorders and/or dizziness. This chapter will review the current literature on this condition, including its proposed pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management. This chapter also includes a brief introduction to pediatric vestibular disorders, including relevant anatomy, physiology, embryology/development, history-taking, physical examination, testing, and a review of other common causes of pediatric dizziness/vertigo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Gurberg
- Department of Otolaryngology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kinga K Tomczak
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob R Brodsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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33
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Qiu X, Müller U. Sensing sound: Cellular specializations and molecular force sensors. Neuron 2022; 110:3667-3687. [PMID: 36223766 PMCID: PMC9671866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Organisms of all phyla express mechanosensitive ion channels with a wide range of physiological functions. In recent years, several classes of mechanically gated ion channels have been identified. Some of these ion channels are intrinsically mechanosensitive. Others depend on accessory proteins to regulate their response to mechanical force. The mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells provides a particularly striking example of a complex force-sensing machine. This molecular ensemble is embedded into a specialized cellular compartment that is crucial for its function. Notably, mechanotransduction channels of cochlear hair cells are not only critical for auditory perception. They also shape their cellular environment and regulate the development of auditory circuitry. Here, we summarize recent discoveries that have shed light on the composition of the mechanotransduction machinery of cochlear hair cells and how this machinery contributes to the development and function of the auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Qiu
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ulrich Müller
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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34
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Genetic Hearing Loss Affects Cochlear Processing. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13111923. [DOI: 10.3390/genes13111923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between speech recognition and hereditary hearing loss is not straightforward. Underlying genetic defects might determine an impaired cochlear processing of sound. We obtained data from nine groups of patients with a specific type of genetic hearing loss. For each group, the affected cochlear site-of-lesion was determined based on previously published animal studies. Retrospectively obtained speech recognition scores in noise were related to several aspects of supra-threshold cochlear processing as assessed by psychophysical measurements. The differences in speech perception in noise between these patient groups could be explained by these factors and partially by the hypothesized affected structure of the cochlea, suggesting that speech recognition in noise was associated with a genetics-related malfunctioning of the cochlea. In particular, regression models indicate that loudness growth and spectral resolution best describe the cochlear distortions and are thus a good biomarker for speech understanding in noise.
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35
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A look at the protein complex that enables hearing. Nature 2022:10.1038/d41586-022-03147-z. [PMID: 36224361 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-03147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Zhai X, Du H, Shen Y, Zhang X, Chen Z, Wang Y, Xu Z. FCHSD2 is required for stereocilia maintenance in mouse cochlear hair cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259912. [PMID: 35892293 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereocilia are F-actin-based protrusions on the apical surface of inner-ear hair cells and are indispensable for hearing and balance perception. The stereocilia of each hair cell are organized into rows of increasing heights, forming a staircase-like pattern. The development and maintenance of stereocilia are tightly regulated, and deficits in these processes lead to stereocilia disorganization and hearing loss. Previously, we showed that the F-BAR protein FCHSD2 is localized along the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells and cooperates with CDC42 to regulate F-actin polymerization and cell protrusion formation in cultured COS-7 cells. In the present work, Fchsd2 knockout mice were established to investigate the role of FCHSD2 in hearing. Our data show that stereocilia maintenance is severely affected in cochlear hair cells of Fchsd2 knockout mice, which leads to progressive hearing loss. Moreover, Fchsd2 knockout mice show increased acoustic vulnerability. Noise exposure causes robust stereocilia degeneration as well as enhanced hearing threshold elevation in Fchsd2 knockout mice. Lastly, Fchsd2/Cdc42 double knockout mice show more severe stereocilia deficits and hearing loss, suggesting that FCHSD2 and CDC42 cooperatively regulate stereocilia maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haibo Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Yuxin Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology , Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education , School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
- Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology , Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
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Shi Y, Lin L, Wang C, Zhu J. Polarized condensates confer row identity of hair cell stereocilia. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6650222. [PMID: 35881491 PMCID: PMC9514030 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Shi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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38
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang W. Effect of Ca 2+ binding states of calmodulin on the conformational dynamics and force responses of myosin lever arm. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:035101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0095842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanochemical coupling and biological function of myosin motors are regulated by Ca2+ concentrations. As one of the regulation pathways, Ca2+ binding induces conformational change of the light chain calmodulin and its binding modes with myosin lever arm, which can affect the stiffness of the lever arm and force transmission. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of the Ca2+ regulated stiffness change is not fully understood. Here we study the effect of Ca2+ binding on the conformational dynamics and stiffness of the myosin VIIa lever arm bound with calmodulin by performing molecular dynamics simulations and dynamic correlation network analysis. The results showed that the calmodulin bound lever arm at apo state can sample three different conformations. In addition to the conformation observed in crystal structure, calmodulin bound lever arm at apo condition can also adopt another two conformations featured by different extents of small-angle bending of the lever arm. However, large-angle bending is strongly prohibited. Such results suggest that the calmodulin bound lever arm without Ca2+ binding is plastic for small-angle deformation but shows high stiffness for large-angle deformation. In comparison, after the binding of Ca2+, although the calmodulin bound lever arm is locally more rigid, it can adopt largely deformed or even unfolded conformations, which may render the lever arm incompetent for force transmission. The conformational plasticity of the lever arm for small-angle deformation at apo condition may be utilized as force buffer to prevent the lever arm from unfolding during the power stroke action of the motor domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wu
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physics, Nanjing University, China
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39
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Rayat S, Farhadi M, Emamdjomeh H, Morovvati S, Falah M. Analysis of TMIE gene mutations including the first large deletion of exon 1 with autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 35710363 PMCID: PMC9204965 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane inner ear (TMIE) protein is an essential component of the mechanotransduction complex. In collaboration with other components, TMIE aids the maintenance and function of the sensory hair cells. Autosomal recessive deafness-6 (DFNB6) is caused by mutated TMIE, a gene in the high genetic heterogeneity spectrum of deafness. Hearing loss has a significant impact on the global economy and the quality of life of affected persons, their families, and society. Here, three unrelated families with TMIE variants are presented. All three cases were found while studying the genetic causes of an Iranian cohort of subjects with cochlear implants. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed to find possible genetic etiology in probands of families after a comprehensive medical evaluation for hearing loss. Co-segregation analysis in probands and other family members was performed by Sanger sequencing. The variants were interpreted per the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Results Three different variants associated with TMIE were confirmed as reasons for autosomal recessive non-syndromic deafness. The first novel ~ 10-kb deletion surrounding exon 1 of TMIE along with two previously reported variants co-segregated with families including a frameshift variant c.122_125dup (p.Pro43fs) and a missense variant c.250 C > T; p.(Arg84Trp) in exons 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion This study increases the mutational spectrum of the TMIE gene and highlights the importance of the large deletion of this gene as a reason for hearing loss. Moreover, an efficient and simple multiplex PCR assay was developed to determine the exact breakpoints of the TMIE deletion. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01287-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Rayat
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hessamaldin Emamdjomeh
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Morovvati
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Falah
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Shi Y, Lin L, Wang C, Zhu J. Promotion of row 1-specific tip complex condensates by Gpsm2-Gαi provides insights into row identity of the tallest stereocilia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn4556. [PMID: 35687681 PMCID: PMC9187228 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanosensory stereocilia in hair cells are organized into rows of graded height, a property crucial for auditory perception. Gpsm2-Gαi-Whirlin-Myo15-Eps8 complex at tips of the tallest stereocilia is proposed to define hair bundle row identity, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we find that Gpsm2 could undergo phase separation. Moreover, row 1-specific Gpsm2-Gαi complex significantly promotes the formation of the five-component tip complex density (5xTCD) condensates. The 5xTCD condensates display much stronger actin-bundling ability than those without Gpsm2-Gαi, which may provide critical insights into how Gpsm2-Gαi specifies the tallest stereocilia. A deafness-associated mutation of Gpsm2 leads to impaired formation of the 5xTCD condensates and consequently reduced actin bundling, providing possible clues for etiology of hearing loss in patients with Chudley-McCullough syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Shi
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Deans MR. Planar cell polarity signaling guides cochlear innervation. Dev Biol 2022; 486:1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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42
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de la Torre A, Valderrama JT, Segura JC, Alvarez IM, Garcia-Miranda J. Subspace-constrained deconvolution of auditory evoked potentials. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:3745. [PMID: 35778185 DOI: 10.1121/10.0011423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Auditory evoked potentials can be estimated by synchronous averaging when the responses to the individual stimuli are not overlapped. However, when the response duration exceeds the inter-stimulus interval, a deconvolution procedure is necessary to obtain the transient response. The iterative randomized stimulation and averaging and the equivalent randomized stimulation with least squares deconvolution have been proven to be flexible and efficient methods for deconvolving the evoked potentials, with minimum restrictions in the design of stimulation sequences. Recently, a latency-dependent filtering and down-sampling (LDFDS) methodology was proposed for optimal filtering and dimensionality reduction, which is particularly useful when the evoked potentials involve the complete auditory pathway response (i.e., from the cochlea to the auditory cortex). In this case, the number of samples required to accurately represent the evoked potentials can be reduced from several thousand (with conventional sampling) to around 120. In this article, we propose to perform the deconvolution in the reduced representation space defined by LDFDS and present the mathematical foundation of the subspace-constrained deconvolution. Under the assumption that the evoked response is appropriately represented in the reduced representation space, the proposed deconvolution provides an optimal least squares estimation of the evoked response. Additionally, the dimensionality reduction provides a substantial reduction of the computational cost associated with the deconvolution. matlab/Octave code implementing the proposed procedures is included as supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel de la Torre
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics, and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jose C Segura
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics, and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Isaac M Alvarez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics, and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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43
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Maudoux A, Vitry S, El-Amraoui A. Vestibular Deficits in Deafness: Clinical Presentation, Animal Modeling, and Treatment Solutions. Front Neurol 2022; 13:816534. [PMID: 35444606 PMCID: PMC9013928 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.816534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is responsible for both hearing and balance. These functions are dependent on the correct functioning of mechanosensitive hair cells, which convert sound- and motion-induced stimuli into electrical signals conveyed to the brain. During evolution of the inner ear, the major changes occurred in the hearing organ, whereas the structure of the vestibular organs remained constant in all vertebrates over the same period. Vestibular deficits are highly prevalent in humans, due to multiple intersecting causes: genetics, environmental factors, ototoxic drugs, infections and aging. Studies of deafness genes associated with balance deficits and their corresponding animal models have shed light on the development and function of these two sensory systems. Bilateral vestibular deficits often impair individual postural control, gaze stabilization, locomotion and spatial orientation. The resulting dizziness, vertigo, and/or falls (frequent in elderly populations) greatly affect patient quality of life. In the absence of treatment, prosthetic devices, such as vestibular implants, providing information about the direction, amplitude and velocity of body movements, are being developed and have given promising results in animal models and humans. Novel methods and techniques have led to major progress in gene therapies targeting the inner ear (gene supplementation and gene editing), 3D inner ear organoids and reprograming protocols for generating hair cell-like cells. These rapid advances in multiscale approaches covering basic research, clinical diagnostics and therapies are fostering interdisciplinary research to develop personalized treatments for vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maudoux
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France.,Center for Balance Evaluation in Children (EFEE), Otolaryngology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
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44
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Martinez M, Valderrama JT, Alvarez IM, de la Torre A, Vargas JL. Auditory brainstem responses obtained with randomised stimulation level. Int J Audiol 2022; 62:368-375. [PMID: 35297731 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2047233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present randomised stimulation level (RSL) - a stimulation paradigm in which the level of the stimuli is randomised, rather than presented sequentially as in the conventional paradigm. DESIGN The value of RSL was evaluated by (i) comparing the morphology of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) elicited by the conventional and RSL paradigms, and by (ii) an online survey investigating the hearing comfort of the stimulus sequence. STUDY SAMPLE ABRs were obtained from 11 normal-hearing adults (8 females, 25-29 years). The online survey was administered to 238 adults from the general community. RESULTS Results showed that (i) both stimulation paradigms elicit ABR signals of similar morphology, (ii) RSL provides a faster comprehensive representation of the ABR session, and that (iii) the general population found RSL stimuli to be more comfortable. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous evaluation of all ABR traces of the session provided by RSL has potential to improve the identification of ABR components by enabling clinicians to make use of the response tracking strategy from the start of the test, which is critical in situations where ABRs present an abnormal morphology. New research opportunities and the clinical potential of RSL are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martinez
- ENT Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.,ibs.GRANADA Health Research Institute, Granada, Spain.,Otology & Neurotology Group CTS495, Center for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquin T Valderrama
- National Acoustic Laboratories, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isaac M Alvarez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel de la Torre
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Research Centre for Information and Communications Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose L Vargas
- ENT Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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45
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Stirnemann G. Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges in the Molecular Modeling of Mechanobiological Processes. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1365-1374. [PMID: 35143190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many biological processes result from the effect of mechanical forces on macromolecular structures and on their interactions. In particular, the cell shape, motion, and differentiation directly depend on mechanical stimuli from the extracellular matrix or from neighboring cells. The development of experimental techniques that can measure and characterize the tiny forces acting at the cellular scale and down to the single-molecule, biomolecular level has enabled access to unprecedented details about the involved mechanisms. However, because the experimental observables often do not provide a direct atomistic picture of the corresponding phenomena, particle-based simulations performed at various scales are instrumental in complementing these experiments and in providing a molecular interpretation. Here, we will review the recent key achievements in the field, and we will highlight and discuss the many technical challenges these simulations are facing, as well as suggest future directions for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Stirnemann
- CNRS Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, PSL University, Université de Paris, 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
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46
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Welhaven HD, McCutchen CN, June RK. Effects of mechanical stimulation on metabolomic profiles of SW1353 chondrocytes: shear and compression. Biol Open 2022; 11:274218. [PMID: 35113136 PMCID: PMC8822358 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a biological phenomenon where mechanical stimuli are converted to biochemical responses. A model system for studying mechanotransduction are the chondrocytes of articular cartilage. Breakdown of this tissue results in decreased mobility, increased pain, and reduced quality of life. Either disuse or overloading can disrupt cartilage homeostasis, but physiological cyclical loading promotes cartilage homeostasis. To model this, we exposed SW1353 cells to cyclical mechanical stimuli, shear and compression, for different durations of time (15 and 30 min). By utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), metabolomic profiles were generated detailing metabolite features and biological pathways that are altered in response to mechanical stimulation. In total, 1457 metabolite features were detected. Statistical analyses identified several pathways of interest. Taken together, differences between experimental groups were associated with inflammatory pathways, lipid metabolism, beta-oxidation, central energy metabolism, and amino acid production. These findings expand our understanding of chondrocyte mechanotransduction under varying loading conditions and time periods. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope D Welhaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Molecular Biosciences Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Carley N McCutchen
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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47
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OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3068-3082. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Nanchung and Inactive define pore properties of the native auditory transduction channel in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106459118. [PMID: 34848538 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106459118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory transduction is mediated by chordotonal (Cho) neurons in Drosophila larvae, but the molecular identity of the mechanotransduction (MET) channel is elusive. Here, we established a whole-cell recording system of Cho neurons and showed that two transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels, Nanchung (NAN) and Inactive (IAV), are essential for MET currents in Cho neurons. NAN and IAV form active ion channels when expressed simultaneously in S2 cells. Point mutations in the pore region of NAN-IAV change the reversal potential of the MET currents. Particularly, residues 857 through 990 in the IAV carboxyl terminus regulate the kinetics of MET currents in Cho neurons. In addition, TRPN channel NompC contributes to the adaptation of auditory transduction currents independent of its ion-conduction function. These results indicate that NAN-IAV, rather than NompC, functions as essential pore-forming subunits of the native auditory transduction channel in Drosophila and provide insights into the gating mechanism of MET currents in Cho neurons.
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Wang A, Shearer AE, Zhou GW, Kenna M, Poe D, Licameli GR, Brodsky JR. Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction Is a Common Occurrence in Children With Non-syndromic and Syndromic Genetic Hearing Loss. Front Neurol 2021; 12:714543. [PMID: 34744965 PMCID: PMC8567025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.714543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory deficit in humans and is frequently accompanied by peripheral vestibular loss (PVL). While often overlooked, PVL is an important sensory dysfunction that may impair development of motor milestones in children and can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. In addition, many animal and in vitro models of deafness use vestibular hair cells as a proxy to study cochlear hair cells. The extent of vestibular end organ dysfunction associated with genetic pediatric hearing loss is not well-understood. We studied children with a known genetic cause of hearing loss who underwent routine preoperative vestibular testing prior to cochlear implantation between June 2014 and July 2020. Vestibular testing included videonystagmography, rotary chair, video head impulse testing, and/or vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Etiology of HL was determined through history, physical examination, imaging, laboratory testing, and/or genetic testing. Forty-four children (21 female/23 male) met inclusion criteria; 24 had genetic non-syndromic and 20 had genetic syndromic forms of HL. Mean age at the time of testing was 2.8 ± 3.8 years (range 7 months-17 years). The most common cause of non-syndromic HL was due to mutations in GJB2 (n = 13) followed by MYO15A (3), MYO6 (2), POU3F4 (2), TMPRSS3 (1), CDH23 (1), TMC1 (1), and ESRRB (1). The most common forms of syndromic HL were Usher syndrome (4) and Waardenburg (4), followed by SCID/reticular dysgenesis (3), CHARGE (2), CAPOS (1), Coffin-Siris (1), Jervell and Lange-Nielsen (1), Noonan (1), peroxisome biogenesis disorder (1), Perrault (1), and Trisomy 21 (1). Overall, 23 patients (52%) had PVL. A larger proportion of children with syndromic forms of HL had PVL (12/20, 60%) compared with children with genetic non-syndromic HL (11/24, 46%), though without statistical significant (p = 0.3). The occurrence of PVL varied by affected gene. In conclusion, PVL is a common finding in children with syndromic and non-syndromic genetic HL undergoing vestibular evaluation prior to cochlear implantation. Improved understanding of the molecular physiology of vestibular hair cell dysfunction is important for clinical care as well as research involving vestibular hair cells in model organisms and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Eliot Shearer
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guang Wei Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Margaret Kenna
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dennis Poe
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Greg R Licameli
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacob R Brodsky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Deans MR. Conserved and Divergent Principles of Planar Polarity Revealed by Hair Cell Development and Function. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:742391. [PMID: 34733133 PMCID: PMC8558554 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.742391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Planar polarity describes the organization and orientation of polarized cells or cellular structures within the plane of an epithelium. The sensory receptor hair cells of the vertebrate inner ear have been recognized as a preeminent vertebrate model system for studying planar polarity and its development. This is principally because planar polarity in the inner ear is structurally and molecularly apparent and therefore easy to visualize. Inner ear planar polarity is also functionally significant because hair cells are mechanosensors stimulated by sound or motion and planar polarity underlies the mechanosensory mechanism, thereby facilitating the auditory and vestibular functions of the ear. Structurally, hair cell planar polarity is evident in the organization of a polarized bundle of actin-based protrusions from the apical surface called stereocilia that is necessary for mechanosensation and when stereociliary bundle is disrupted auditory and vestibular behavioral deficits emerge. Hair cells are distributed between six sensory epithelia within the inner ear that have evolved unique patterns of planar polarity that facilitate auditory or vestibular function. Thus, specialized adaptations of planar polarity have occurred that distinguish auditory and vestibular hair cells and will be described throughout this review. There are also three levels of planar polarity organization that can be visualized within the vertebrate inner ear. These are the intrinsic polarity of individual hair cells, the planar cell polarity or coordinated orientation of cells within the epithelia, and planar bipolarity; an organization unique to a subset of vestibular hair cells in which the stereociliary bundles are oriented in opposite directions but remain aligned along a common polarity axis. The inner ear with its complement of auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia allows these levels, and the inter-relationships between them, to be studied using a single model organism. The purpose of this review is to introduce the functional significance of planar polarity in the auditory and vestibular systems and our contemporary understanding of the developmental mechanisms associated with organizing planar polarity at these three cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Deans
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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