1
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Liao HS, Lee KT, Chung YH, Chen SZ, Hung YJ, Hsieh MH. Glutamine induces lateral root initiation, stress responses, and disease resistance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2289-2308. [PMID: 38466723 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3. While high levels of Gln accumulate in Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln, the expression of GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE1;1 (GLN1;1), GLN1;2, and GLN1;3 encoding cytosolic GS1 increases and expression of GLN2 encoding chloroplastic GS2 decreases. These results suggest that Gln has distinct effects on regulating GLN1 and GLN2 gene expression. Notably, Arabidopsis seedlings grown on Gln have an unexpected gene expression profile. Compared with NH4NO3, which activates growth-promoting genes, Gln preferentially induces stress- and defense-responsive genes. Consistent with the gene expression data, exogenous treatment with Gln enhances disease resistance in Arabidopsis. The induction of Gln-responsive genes, including PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1, SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, WRKY54, and WALL ASSOCIATED KINASE1, is compromised in salicylic acid (SA) biosynthetic and signaling mutants under Gln treatments. Together, these results suggest that Gln may partly interact with the SA pathway to trigger plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soon-Ziet Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Hung
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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2
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Scholtysek L, Poetsch A, Hofmann E, Hemschemeier A. The activation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii alpha amylase 2 by glutamine requires its N-terminal aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA (ACT) domain. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e609. [PMID: 38911017 PMCID: PMC11190351 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The coordination of assimilation pathways for all the elements that make up cellular components is a vital task for every organism. Integrating the assimilation and use of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is of particular importance because of the high cellular abundance of these elements. Starch is one of the most important storage polymers of photosynthetic organisms, and a complex regulatory network ensures that biosynthesis and degradation of starch are coordinated with photosynthetic activity and growth. Here, we analyzed three starch metabolism enzymes of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that we captured by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) affinity chromatography approach, namely, soluble starch synthase STA3, starch-branching enzyme SBE1, and α-amylase AMA2. While none of the recombinant enzymes was directly affected by the presence of cGMP or other nucleotides, suggesting an indirect binding to cGMP, AMA2 activity was stimulated in the presence of L-glutamine (Gln). This activating effect required the enzyme's N-terminal aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA domain. Gln is the first N assimilation product and not only a central compound for the biosynthesis of N-containing molecules but also a recognized signaling molecule for the N status. Our observation suggests that AMA2 might be a means to coordinate N and C metabolism at the enzymatic level, increasing the liberation of C skeletons from starch when high Gln levels signal an abundance of assimilated N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Scholtysek
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Department for Plant BiochemistryRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Protein CrystallographyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
| | - Anja Hemschemeier
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, PhotobiotechnologyRuhr University BochumBochumGermany
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3
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Selim KA, Alva V. PII-like signaling proteins: a new paradigm in orchestrating cellular homeostasis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102453. [PMID: 38678827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Members of the PII superfamily are versatile, multitasking signaling proteins ubiquitously found in all domains of life. They adeptly monitor and synchronize the cell's carbon, nitrogen, energy, redox, and diurnal states, primarily by binding interdependently to adenyl-nucleotides, including charged nucleotides (ATP, ADP, and AMP) and second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP), and S-adenosylmethionine-AMP (SAM-AMP). These proteins also undergo a variety of posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, adenylation, uridylation, carboxylation, and disulfide bond formation, which further provide cues on the metabolic state of the cell. Serving as precise metabolic sensors, PII superfamily proteins transmit this information to diverse cellular targets, establishing dynamic regulatory assemblies that fine-tune cellular homeostasis. Recently discovered, PII-like proteins are emerging families of signaling proteins that, while related to canonical PII proteins, have evolved to fulfill a diverse range of cellular functions, many of which remain elusive. In this review, we focus on the evolution of PII-like proteins and summarize the molecular mechanisms governing the assembly dynamics of PII complexes, with a special emphasis on the PII-like protein SbtB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Selim
- Microbiology / Molecular Physiology of Prokaryotes, Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestraße 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Protein Evolution Department, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Vikram Alva
- Protein Evolution Department, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Jian S, Wan S, Lin Y, Zhong C. Nitrogen Sources Reprogram Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism to Promote Andrographolide Biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3990. [PMID: 38612797 PMCID: PMC11012798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolisms participate in N source-regulated secondary metabolism in medicinal plants, but the specific mechanisms involved remain to be investigated. By using nitrate (NN), ammonium (AN), urea (UN), and glycine (GN), respectively, as sole N sources, we found that N sources remarkably affected the contents of diterpenoid lactone components along with C and N metabolisms reprograming in Andrographis paniculata, as compared to NN, the other three N sources raised the levels of 14-deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide (except UN), and neoandrographolide (except AN) with a prominent accumulation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). These N sources also raised the photosynthetic rate and the levels of fructose and/or sucrose but reduced the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Conversely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and malate enzyme (ME) activities were upregulated. Simultaneously, citrate, cis-aconitate and isocitrate levels declined, and N assimilation was inhibited. These results indicated that AN, UN and GN reduced the metabolic flow of carbohydrates from glycolysis into the TCA cycle and downstream N assimilation. Furthermore, they enhanced arginine and GABA metabolism, which increased C replenishment of the TCA cycle, and increased ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) levels. Thus, we proposed that the N sources reprogrammed C and N metabolism, attenuating the competition of N assimilation for C, and promoting the synthesis and accumulation of andrographolide through plant hormone signaling. To obtain a higher production of andrographolide in A. paniculata, AN fertilizer is recommended in its N management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofen Jian
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Si Wan
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yang Lin
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; (S.J.); (S.W.); (Y.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
- Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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Forlani G, Sabbioni G, Barera S, Funck D. A complex array of factors regulate the activity of Arabidopsis thaliana δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase isoenzymes to ensure their specific role in plant cell metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1348-1362. [PMID: 38223941 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The first and committed step in proline synthesis from glutamate is catalyzed by δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS). Two P5CS genes have been found in most angiosperms, one constitutively expressed to satisfy proline demand for protein synthesis, the other stress-induced. Despite the number of papers to investigate regulation at the transcriptional level, to date, the properties of the enzymes have been subjected to limited study. The isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana P5CS isoenzymes was achieved through heterologous expression and affinity purification. The two proteins were characterized with respect to kinetic and biochemical properties. AtP5CS2 showed KM values in the micro- to millimolar range, and its activity was inhibited by NADP+ , ADP and proline, and by glutamine and arginine at high levels. Mg2+ ions were required for activity, which was further stimulated by K+ and other cations. AtP5CS1 displayed positive cooperativity with glutamate and was almost insensitive to inhibition by proline. In the presence of physiological, nonsaturating concentrations of glutamate, proline was slightly stimulatory, and glutamine strongly increased the catalytic rate. Data suggest that the activity of AtP5CS isoenzymes is differentially regulated by a complex array of factors including the concentrations of proline, glutamate, glutamine, monovalent cations and pyridine dinucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sabbioni
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Barera
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Dietmar Funck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Svietlova N, Zhyr L, Reichelt M, Grabe V, Mithöfer A. Glutamine as sole nitrogen source prevents induction of nitrate transporter gene NRT2.4 and affects amino acid metabolism in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1369543. [PMID: 38633457 PMCID: PMC11022244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1369543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Plants assimilate inorganic nitrogen (N) to glutamine. Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in most plant species, the N-supplying precursor of all N-containing compounds in the cell and the first organic nitrogen molecule formed from inorganic nitrogen taken up by the roots. In addition to its role in plant nutrition, glutamine most likely also has a function as a signaling molecule in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. We investigated whether glutamine influences the high-affinity transporter system for nitrate uptake. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of the nitrate transporter NRT2.4, which is inducible by N deficiency, in Arabidopsis thaliana grown under different nitrogen starvation scenarios, comparing nitrate or glutamine as the sole nitrogen source. Using the reporter line ProNRT2.4:GFP and two independent knockout lines, nrt2.4-1 and nrt2.4-2, we analyzed gene expression and amino acid profiles. We showed that the regulation of NRT2.4 expression depends on available nitrogen in general, for example on glutamine as a nitrogen source, and not specifically on nitrate. In contrast to high nitrate concentrations, amino acid profiles changed to an accumulation of amino acids containing more than one nitrogen during growth in high glutamine concentrations, indicating a switch to nitrogen storage metabolism. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the nrt2.4-2 line shows unexpected effects on NRT2.5 gene expression and the amino acids profile in shoots under high glutamine supply conditions compared to Arabidopsis wild type and nrt2.4-1, suggesting non-NRT2.4-related metabolic consequences in this knockout line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Svietlova
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Liza Zhyr
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Imaging Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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7
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Liu X, Wu L, Si Y, Zhai Y, Niu M, Han M, Su T. Regulating Effect of Exogenous α-Ketoglutarate on Ammonium Assimilation in Poplar. Molecules 2024; 29:1425. [PMID: 38611705 PMCID: PMC11012726 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive industrial activities and anthropogenic agricultural practices have led to substantial ammonia release to the environment. Although croplands can act as ammonia sinks, reduced crop production under high concentrations of ammonium has been documented. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a critical carbon source, displaying pleiotropic physiological functions. The objective of the present study is to disclose the potential of AKG to enhance ammonium assimilation in poplars. It showed that AKG application substantially boosted the height, biomass, and photosynthesis activity of poplars exposed to excessive ammonium. AKG also enhanced the activities of key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation: glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT), elevating the content of amino acids, sucrose, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolites. Furthermore, AKG positively modulated key genes tied to glucose metabolism and ATP synthesis, while suppressing ATP-depleting genes. Correspondingly, both H+-ATPase activity and ATP content increased. These findings demonstrate that exogenously applying AKG improves poplar growth under a high level of ammonium treatment. AKG might function through sufficient carbon investment, which enhances the carbon-nitrogen balance and energy stability in poplars, promoting ammonium assimilation at high doses of ammonium. Our study provides novel insight into AKG's role in improving poplar growth in response to excess ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Liangdan Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujia Si
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujie Zhai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingyi Niu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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8
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Wu P, Wang Z, Adusei-Fosu K, Wang Y, Wang H, Li X. Integrative chemical, physiological, and metabolomics analyses reveal nanospecific phytotoxicity of metal nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120338. [PMID: 38401494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The increasing application of metal nanoparticles (NPs) via agrochemicals and sewage sludge results in non-negligible phytotoxicological risks. Herein, the potential phytotoxicity of ZnO and CuO NPs on wheat was determined using integrative chemical, physiological, and metabolomics analyses, in comparison to Zn2+ and Cu2+. It was found that ZnO or CuO NPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on wheat growth than Zn2+ or Cu2+. After exposure to ZnO or CuO NPs, wheat seedlings accumulated significantly higher levels of Zn or Cu than the corresponding Zn2+ or Cu2+ treatments, indicating the active uptake of NPs via wheat root. TEM analysis further confirmed the intake of NPs. Moreover, ZnO or CuO NPs exposure altered micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) accumulation in the tissues and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The metabolomics analysis identified 312, 357, 145, and 188 significantly changed metabolites (SCMs) in wheat root exposed to ZnO NPs, CuO NPs, Zn2+, and Cu2+, respectively. Most SCMs were nano-specific to ZnO (80%) and CuO NPs (58%), suggesting greater metabolic reprogramming by NPs than metal ions. Overall, nanospecific toxicity dominated the phytotoxicity of ZnO and CuO NPs, and our results provide a molecular perspective on the phytotoxicity of metal oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kwasi Adusei-Fosu
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
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9
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Yan W, Wang Z, Pei Y, Zhou B. Adaptive responses of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) to ocean warming and acidification. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108257. [PMID: 38064900 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), driven by rapid global warming accelerating at unprecedented rates, are profoundly impacting the stability of seagrass ecosystems. Yet, our current understanding of the effects of OW and OA on seagrass remains constrained. Herein, we investigated the response of eelgrass (Zostera marina L.), a representative seagrass species, to OW and OA through comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The results showed notable variations in plant performance under varying conditions: OW, OA, and OWA (a combination of both conditions). Specifically, under average oceanic temperature conditions for eelgrass growth over the past 20 years -from May to November-OA promoted the production of differentially expressed genes and metabolites associated with alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism. Under warming condition, eelgrass was resistant to OA by accelerating galactose metabolism, along with glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, as well as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Under the combined OW and OA condition, eelgrass stimulated fructose and mannose metabolism, glycolysis, and carbon fixation, in addition to galactose metabolism and the TCA cycle to face the interplay. Our findings suggest that eelgrass exhibits adaptive capacity by inducing different metabolites and associated genes, primarily connected with carbon and nitrogen metabolism, in response to varying degrees of OW and OA. The data generated here support the exploration of mechanisms underlying seagrass responses to environmental fluctuations, which hold critical significance for the future conservation and management of these ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, MNR, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yanzhao Pei
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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10
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Lee KT, Liao HS, Hsieh MH. Glutamine Metabolism, Sensing and Signaling in Plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1466-1481. [PMID: 37243703 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is the first amino acid synthesized in nitrogen (N) assimilation in plants. Gln synthetase (GS), converting glutamate (Glu) and NH4+ into Gln at the expense of ATP, is one of the oldest enzymes in all life domains. Plants have multiple GS isoenzymes that work individually or cooperatively to ensure that the Gln supply is sufficient for plant growth and development under various conditions. Gln is a building block for protein synthesis and an N-donor for the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, amino sugars and vitamin B coenzymes. Most reactions using Gln as an N-donor are catalyzed by Gln amidotransferase (GAT) that hydrolyzes Gln to Glu and transfers the amido group of Gln to an acceptor substrate. Several GAT domain-containing proteins of unknown function in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana suggest that some metabolic fates of Gln have yet to be identified in plants. In addition to metabolism, Gln signaling has emerged in recent years. The N regulatory protein PII senses Gln to regulate arginine biosynthesis in plants. Gln promotes somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis with unknown mechanisms. Exogenous Gln has been implicated in activating stress and defense responses in plants. Likely, Gln signaling is responsible for some of the new Gln functions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Teng Lee
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsiun Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences, The Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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11
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Svietlova N, Reichelt M, Zhyr L, Majumder A, Scholz SS, Grabe V, Krapp A, Oelmüller R, Mithöfer A. The Beneficial Fungus Mortierella hyalina Modulates Amino Acid Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Nitrogen Starvation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16128. [PMID: 38003319 PMCID: PMC10671455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-mycorrhizal but beneficial fungi often mitigate (a)biotic stress-related traits in host plants. The underlying molecular mechanisms are mostly still unknown, as in the interaction between the endophytic growth-promoting soil fungus Mortierella hyalina and Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, abiotic stress in the form of nitrogen (N) deficiency was used to investigate the effects of the fungus on colonized plants. In particular, the hypothesis was investigated that fungal infection could influence N deficiency via an interaction with the high-affinity nitrate transporter NRT2.4, which is induced by N deficiency. For this purpose, Arabidopsis wild-type nrt2.4 knock-out and NRT2.4 reporter lines were grown on media with different nitrate concentrations with or without M. hyalina colonization. We used chemical analysis methods to determine the amino acids and phytohormones. Experimental evidence suggests that the fungus does not modulate NRT2.4 expression under N starvation. Instead, M. hyalina alleviates N starvation in other ways: The fungus supplies nitrogen (15N) to the N-starved plant. The presence of the fungus restores the plants' amino acid homeostasis, which was out of balance due to N deficiency, and causes a strong accumulation of branched-chain amino acids. We conclude that the plant does not need to invest in defense and resources for growth are maintained, which in turn benefits the fungus, suggesting that this interaction should be considered a mutualistic symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Svietlova
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.S.); (L.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Liza Zhyr
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.S.); (L.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Anindya Majumder
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.S.); (L.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.O.)
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Imaging Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.O.)
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany; (N.S.); (L.Z.); (A.M.)
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12
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Shanmugaraj N, Rajaraman J, Kale S, Kamal R, Huang Y, Thirulogachandar V, Garibay-Hernández A, Budhagatapalli N, Tandron Moya YA, Hajirezaei MR, Rutten T, Hensel G, Melzer M, Kumlehn J, von Wirén N, Mock HP, Schnurbusch T. Multilayered regulation of developmentally programmed pre-anthesis tip degeneration of the barley inflorescence. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3973-4001. [PMID: 37282730 PMCID: PMC10615218 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf and floral tissue degeneration is a common feature in plants. In cereal crops such as barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pre-anthesis tip degeneration (PTD) starts with growth arrest of the inflorescence meristem dome, which is followed basipetally by the degeneration of floral primordia and the central axis. Due to its quantitative nature and environmental sensitivity, inflorescence PTD constitutes a complex, multilayered trait affecting final grain number. This trait appears to be highly predictable and heritable under standardized growth conditions, consistent with a developmentally programmed mechanism. To elucidate the molecular underpinnings of inflorescence PTD, we combined metabolomic, transcriptomic, and genetic approaches to show that barley inflorescence PTD is accompanied by sugar depletion, amino acid degradation, and abscisic acid responses involving transcriptional regulators of senescence, defense, and light signaling. Based on transcriptome analyses, we identified GRASSY TILLERS1 (HvGT1), encoding an HD-ZIP transcription factor, as an important modulator of inflorescence PTD. A gene-edited knockout mutant of HvGT1 delayed PTD and increased differentiated apical spikelets and final spikelet number, suggesting a possible strategy to increase grain number in cereals. We propose a molecular framework that leads to barley PTD, the manipulation of which may increase yield potential in barley and other related cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandhakumar Shanmugaraj
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Jeyaraman Rajaraman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Sandip Kale
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Roop Kamal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Venkatasubbu Thirulogachandar
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Nagaveni Budhagatapalli
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Mohammed R Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Götz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Mock
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, Seeland 06466,Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Halle 06120,Germany
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhong Z, Xiong Y. Sailing in complex nutrient signaling networks: Where I am, where to go, and how to go? MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1635-1660. [PMID: 37740490 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
To ensure survival and promote growth, sessile plants have developed intricate internal signaling networks tailored in diverse cells and organs with both shared and specialized functions that respond to various internal and external cues. A fascinating question arises: how can a plant cell or organ diagnose the spatial and temporal information it is experiencing to know "where I am," and then is able to make the accurate specific responses to decide "where to go" and "how to go," despite the absence of neuronal systems found in mammals. Drawing inspiration from recent comprehensive investigations into diverse nutrient signaling pathways in plants, this review focuses on the interactive nutrient signaling networks mediated by various nutrient sensors and transducers. We assess and illustrate examples of how cells and organs exhibit specific responses to changing spatial and temporal information within these interactive plant nutrient networks. In addition, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which plants employ posttranslational modification codes to integrate different upstream nutrient signals, thereby conferring response specificities to the signaling hub proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent breakthrough studies that demonstrate the potential of modulating nutrient sensing and signaling as promising strategies to enhance crop yield, even with reduced fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhaochen Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Synthetic Biology Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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14
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Vlasova V, Lapina T, Statinov V, Ermilova E. N-Acetyl-L-glutamate Kinase of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: In Vivo Regulation by PII Protein and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12873. [PMID: 37629055 PMCID: PMC10454706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the ornithine/arginine biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotic and bacterial oxygenic phototrophs. NAGK is the most highly conserved target of the PII signal transduction protein in Cyanobacteria and Archaeplastida (red algae and Chlorophyta). However, there is still much to be learned about how NAGK is regulated in vivo. The use of unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system has already been instrumental in identifying several key regulation mechanisms that control nitrogen (N) metabolism. With a combination of molecular-genetic and biochemical approaches, we show the existence of the complex CrNAGK control at the transcriptional level, which is dependent on N source and N availability. In growing cells, CrNAGK requires CrPII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine. Moreover, we provide primary evidence that CrPII is only partly responsible for regulating CrNAGK activity to adapt to changing nutritional conditions. Collectively, our results suggest that in vivo CrNAGK is tuned at the transcriptional and post-translational levels, and CrPII and additional as yet unknown factor(s) are integral parts of this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.); (T.L.); (V.S.)
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15
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Gong B, He E, Xia B, Ying R, Hu P, Chen J, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu Y, Xu X, Qiu H. Interactions of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with wheat plants under changing environments: More than meets the eye? CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138736. [PMID: 37088215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are being increasingly employed in various applications. It is therefore imperative to assess their potential environmental implications in a changing world, particularly in the context of global warming. Here, we assessed the effects of MoS2 nanosheets on wheat Triticum aestivum L. under today's typical climatic conditions (22 °C) and future climatic conditions (30 °C), respectively. The results showed that MoS2 nanosheets (10 and 100 Mo mg/L) did not significantly affect wheat plant growth, root morphological traits, and chlorophyll fluorescence, regardless of dose and temperature. However, the metabolic processes were significantly altered in T. aestivum upon exposure to individual MoS2 nanosheets and to a combination of MoS2 nanosheets and future global warming. As a non-specific protective strategy, the wheat plants that were under stress conditions maintained the stability of cell membranes and thus relieved cell injury by accumulating more glycerophospholipids. Warming additionally influenced the nitrogen and carbon pool reallocation in wheat root. MoS2 nanosheets mainly depleted a range of antioxidant metabolites involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, while warming activated vitamin B6 cofactors related to vitamin B6 metabolism. Metabolites involved in glutathione metabolism were uniquely upregulated while most metabolites associated with nucleotide metabolisms were uniquely downregulated in combination-treated wheat. Overall, wheat plants regulated a wide range of growth-related processes, including carbohydrate, amino acids, lipid, vitamins, and nucleotide metabolism, to maintain optimal metabolite pool sizes and eventually global metabolic homeostasis upon different stress conditions. Our findings provide novel insights into MoS2 nanosheets-mediated crop responses under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Anhui Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Research, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Rongrong Ying
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Pengjie Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiugeng Chen
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333CC, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720BA, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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16
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Shen F, Qin Y, Wang R, Huang X, Wang Y, Gao T, He J, Zhou Y, Jiao Y, Wei J, Li L, Yang X. Comparative genomics reveals a unique nitrogen-carbon balance system in Asteraceae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4334. [PMID: 37474573 PMCID: PMC10359422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asteraceae (daisy family) is one of the largest families of plants. The genetic basis for its high biodiversity and excellent adaptability has not been elucidated. Here, we compare the genomes of 29 terrestrial plant species, including two de novo chromosome-scale genome assemblies for stem lettuce, a member of Asteraceae, and Scaevola taccada, a member of Goodeniaceae that is one of the closest outgroups of Asteraceae. We show that Asteraceae originated ~80 million years ago and experienced repeated paleopolyploidization. PII, the universal regulator of nitrogen-carbon (N-C) assimilation present in almost all domains of life, has conspicuously lost across Asteraceae. Meanwhile, Asteraceae has stepwise upgraded the N-C balance system via paleopolyploidization and tandem duplications of key metabolic genes, resulting in enhanced nitrogen uptake and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition to suggesting a molecular basis for their ecological success, the unique N-C balance system reported for Asteraceae offers a potential crop improvement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and Systematic Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Junna He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and Systematic Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China.
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17
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Monteiro LDFR, Giraldi LA, Winck FV. From Feasting to Fasting: The Arginine Pathway as a Metabolic Switch in Nitrogen-Deprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cells 2023; 12:1379. [PMID: 37408213 PMCID: PMC10216424 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of the model microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under nitrogen deprivation is of special interest due to its resulting increment of triacylglycerols (TAGs), that can be applied in biotechnological applications. However, this same condition impairs cell growth, which may limit the microalgae's large applications. Several studies have identified significant physiological and molecular changes that occur during the transition from an abundant to a low or absent nitrogen supply, explaining in detail the differences in the proteome, metabolome and transcriptome of the cells that may be responsible for and responsive to this condition. However, there are still some intriguing questions that reside in the core of the regulation of these cellular responses that make this process even more interesting and complex. In this scenario, we reviewed the main metabolic pathways that are involved in the response, mining and exploring, through a reanalysis of omics data from previously published datasets, the commonalities among the responses and unraveling unexplained or non-explored mechanisms of the possible regulatory aspects of the response. Proteomics, metabolomics and transcriptomics data were reanalysed using a common strategy, and an in silico gene promoter motif analysis was performed. Together, these results identified and suggested a strong association between the metabolism of amino acids, especially arginine, glutamate and ornithine pathways to the production of TAGs, via the de novo synthesis of lipids. Furthermore, our analysis and data mining indicate that signalling cascades orchestrated with the indirect participation of phosphorylation, nitrosylation and peroxidation events may be essential to the process. The amino acid pathways and the amount of arginine and ornithine available in the cells, at least transiently during nitrogen deprivation, may be in the core of the post-transcriptional, metabolic regulation of this complex phenomenon. Their further exploration is important to the discovery of novel advances in the understanding of microalgae lipids' production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca de Filipe Rebocho Monteiro
- Laboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Laís Albuquerque Giraldi
- Laboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Flavia Vischi Winck
- Laboratory of Regulatory Systems Biology, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil
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18
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Zhao R, Ren W, Wang H, Li Z, Teng Y, Luo Y. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis to unravel alleviation mechanisms of carbon nanotubes on inhibition of alfalfa growth under pyrene stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158405. [PMID: 36058326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have displayed great potential in enhancing phytoremediation of PAHs polluted soils. However, the response of plants to the coexistence of carbon nanotubes and PAHs and the associated influencing mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, the effect of carbon nanotubes on alfalfa growth and pyrene uptake under exposure to pyrene was evaluated through sand culture experiment and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-TOF-MS) based metabolomics. Results showed that pyrene at 10 mg kg-1 obviously reduced the shoot fresh weight of alfalfa by 18.3 %. Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at 25 and 50 mg kg-1 significantly enhanced the shoot fresh weight in a dose-dependent manner, nearly by 80 % at 50 mg kg-1. Pyrene was mainly accumulated in alfalfa roots, in which the concentration was 35 times as much as that in shoots. MWCNTs greatly enhanced the accumulation of pyrene in alfalfa roots, almost by two times at 50 mg kg-1, while decreased pyrene concentration in shoots, from 0.11 mg kg-1 to 0.044 mg kg-1 at MWCNTs concentration of 50 mg kg-1. Metabolomics data revealed that pyrene at 10 mg kg-1 trigged significant metabolic changes in alfalfa root exudates, downregulating 27 metabolites. MWCNTs generated an increase in the contents of some downregulated metabolites caused by pyrene stress, which were restored to the original level or even higher, mainly including organic acids and amino acids. MWNCTs significantly enriched some metabolic pathways positively correlated with shoot growth and pyrene accumulation in shoots under exposure to pyrene, including TCA cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, cysteine and methione metabolism as well as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. This work highlights the regulation effect of MWCNTs on the metabolism of root exudates, which are helpful for alfalfa to alleviate the stress from pyrene contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhenxuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Sanchez-Arcos C, Paris D, Mazzella V, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Buia MC, von Elert E, Cutignano A, Zupo V. Responses of the Macroalga Ulva prolifera Müller to Ocean Acidification Revealed by Complementary NMR- and MS-Based Omics Approaches. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120743. [PMID: 36547890 PMCID: PMC9783899 DOI: 10.3390/md20120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a dramatic perturbation of seawater environments due to increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Several studies indicated that OA frequently induces marine biota stress and a reduction of biodiversity. Here, we adopted the macroalga Ulva prolifera as a model and applied a complementary multi-omics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles under normal and acidified conditions. Our results show that U. prolifera grows at higher rates in acidified environments. Consistently, we observed lower sucrose and phosphocreatine concentrations in response to a higher demand of energy for growth and a higher availability of essential amino acids, likely related to increased protein biosynthesis. In addition, pathways leading to signaling and deterrent compounds appeared perturbed. Finally, a remarkable shift was observed here for the first time in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, with a decrease in the relative abundance of PUFAs towards an appreciable increase of palmitic acid, thus suggesting a remodeling in lipid biosynthesis. Overall, our studies revealed modulation of several biosynthetic pathways under OA conditions in which, besides the possible effects on the marine ecosystem, the metabolic changes of the alga should be taken into account considering its potential nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Debora Paris
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80077 Ischia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
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20
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Zhang Y, Li B, Luo P, Xian Y, Xiao R, Wu J. Glutamine synthetase plays an important role in ammonium tolerance of Myriophyllum aquaticum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157596. [PMID: 35905951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-strength ammonium (NH4+), the main characteristic of swine wastewater, poses a significant threat to the rural ecological environment. As a novel phytoremediation technology, Myriophyllum aquaticum wetlands have high tolerance and removal rate of NH4+. Glutamine synthetase (GS), a pivotal enzyme in nitrogen (N) metabolism, is hypothesized to play an important role in the tolerance of M. aquaticum to high NH4+. Herein, the responses of M. aquaticum to GS inhibition by 0.1 mM methionine sulfoximine (MSX) under 15 mM NH4+ were investigated. After 5 days, visible NH4+ toxicity symptoms were observed in MSX-treated plants. Compared with the control, the NH4+ accumulation in the leaves increased by 20.99 times, while that of stems and roots increased by 3.27 times and 47.76 %, suggesting that GS inhibition had a greater impact on the leaves. GS inhibition decreased pigments in the leaves by 8.64 %-41.06 %, triggered oxidative stress, and affected ions concentrations in M. aquaticum. The concentrations of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine decreased by 63.46 %-97.43 % and 12.37 %-76.41 %, respectively, while the concentrations of most other amino acids increased after 5 days of MSX treatment, showing that GS inhibition reprogrammed the amino acids synthesis. A decrease in Gln explains the regulations of N-related genes, including increased expression of AMT in roots and decreased expression of GS, GOGAT, GDH, and AS, which would cause further NH4+ accumulation via promoting NH4+ uptake and decreasing NH4+ assimilation in M. aquaticum. This study revealed for the first time that GS inhibition under high NH4+ condition can lead to phytotoxicity in M. aquaticum due to NH4+ accumulation. The physiological and molecular responses of the leaves, stems, and roots confirmed the importance of GS in the high NH4+ tolerance of M. aquaticum. These findings provide new insights into NH4+ tolerance mechanisms in M. aquaticum and a theoretical foundation for the phytoremediation of high NH4+-loaded swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Baozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China.
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Yingnan Xian
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, PR China
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21
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Iskhakova ZI, Zhuravleva DE, Heim C, Hartmann MD, Laykov AV, Forchhammer K, Kayumov AR. PotN represents a novel energy‐state sensing PII subfamily, occurring in firmicutes. FEBS J 2022; 289:5305-5321. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher Heim
- Department of Protein Evolution Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus D. Hartmann
- Department of Protein Evolution Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Karl Forchhammer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie Eberhard‐Karls‐Universität Tübingen Germany
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22
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He E, Peijnenburg WJGM, Qiu H. Photosynthetic, antioxidative, and metabolic adjustments of a crop plant to elevated levels of La and Ce exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113922. [PMID: 35905629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been widely applied as fertilizers in farmland of China for decades to improve the yield and quality of crops. Unfortunately, adverse effects on plants have been observed due to overdosing with REEs. Until now, the toxicology of REEs was mainly evaluated based on phenotypic responses, but knowledge gaps still exist concerning their metabolic effects. Here, the physiological responses and nontargeted metabolomics studies were combined to systematically explore the potential effects of La and Ce on a crop plant, wheat Triticum aestivum. It was observed that REEs accumulated in the shoots of wheat, with significant reduction of the shoot biomass at higher exposure doses. The disturbance of photosynthesis and induced oxidative stress were identified by analyzing indicators of the photosynthetic (chlorophyll a/b, carotenoid and rubisco) and antioxidant systems (POD, CAT, SOD, GSH and MDA). Furthermore, the global metabolic profiles of REEs treatment groups and the non-exposed control group were screened and compared, and the metabolomic disturbance of REEs was dose-dependent. A high overlap of significantly changed metabolites and matched disturbed biological pathways was found between La and Ce treatments, indicating similarity of their toxicity mechanism in wheat shoots. Generally, the perturbed metabolomic pathways were mainly related to carbohydrate, amino acid and nucleotide/side metabolism, suggesting a disturbance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which finally affected the growth of wheat. We thus proved the potential adverse effect of inappropriate application of REEs in crop plants and postulated metabolomics as a feasible tool to identify the underlying toxicological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China.
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23
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Chen H, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Dai C, Tian R, Liu T, Chen M, Yang G, Wang Z, Li H, Cao X, Gao X. Amino acid transporter gene TaATLa1 from Triticum aestivum L. improves growth under nitrogen sufficiency and is down regulated under nitrogen deficiency. PLANTA 2022; 256:65. [PMID: 36036331 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
TaATLa1 was identified to respond to nitrogen deprivation through transcriptome analysis of wheat seedlings. TaATLa1 specifically transports Gln, Glu, and Asp, and affects the biomass of Arabidopsis and wheat. Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient and plays a crucial role in wheat production. Amino acids, the major form of organic nitrogen, are remobilized by amino acid transporters (AATs) in plants. AATs are commonly described as central components of essential developmental processes and yield formation via taking up and transporting amino acids in plants. However, few studies have reported the detailed biochemical properties and biological functions of these AATs in wheat. In this study, key genes encoding AATs were screened from transcriptome analysis of wheat seedlings treated with normal nitrogen (NN) and nitrogen deprivation (ND). Among them, 21 AATs were down-regulated and eight AATs were up-regulated under ND treatment. Among the homoeologs, TaATLa1.1-3A, TaATLa1.1-3B, and TaATLa1.1-3D (TaATLa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D), belonging to amino acid transporter-like a (ATLa) subfamily, were significantly down-regulated in response to ND in wheat, and accordingly were selected for functional analyses. The results demonstrated that TaATLa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D effectively transported glutamine (Gln), glutamate (Glu), and aspartate (Asp) in yeast. Overexpression of TaAILa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D in Arabidopsis thaliana L. significantly increased amino acid content in leaves, storage protein content in seeds and the plant biomass under NN. Knockdown of TaATLa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D in wheat seedlings resulted in a significant block of amino acid remobilization and growth inhibition. Taken together, TaATLa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D contribute substantially to Arabidopsis and wheat growth. We propose that TaATLa1.1-3A, -3B, and -3D may participate in the source-sink translocation of amino acid, and they may have profound implications for wheat yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuican Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renmei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyou Cao
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat & Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Crop Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in North Yellow & Huai River Valley, Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Wheat, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat & Maize, Jinan, 250100, China.
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24
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Liu Q, Wu K, Song W, Zhong N, Wu Y, Fu X. Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency Toward Sustainable Green Revolution. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:523-551. [PMID: 35595292 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Green Revolution of the 1960s improved crop yields in part through the widespread cultivation of semidwarf plant varieties, which resist lodging but require a high-nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Because environmentally degrading synthetic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced N use efficiency (NUE). Here, we summarize the current understanding of how plants sense, uptake, and respond to N availability in the model plants that can be used to improve sustainable productivity in agriculture. Recent progress in unlocking the genetic basis of NUE within the broader context of plant systems biology has provided insights into the coordination of plant growth and nutrient assimilation and inspired the implementation of a new breeding strategy to cut fertilizer use in high-yield cereal crops. We conclude that identifying fresh targets for N sensing and response in crops would simultaneously enable improved grain productivity and NUE to launch a new Green Revolution and promote future food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Kun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Wenzhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Nan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Yunzhe Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Immunomodulatory Role of BLG-Derived Peptides Based on Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion and DC-T Cell from Mice Allergic to Cow's Milk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101450. [PMID: 35627020 PMCID: PMC9140701 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides, but not whole protein, elicit an allergic reaction since food allergens should be consumed by digestion. In this study, we explored the remaining peptides after simulated digestion of cow’s milk in order to search for β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-derived peptides that could play an immunomodulatory role. As a major allergen in milk, BLG-derived peptides, 109 in total, were identified both from simulated infant and adult digestion in vitro. These peptides were mainly located in four regions, and they were synthesized as five peptides, namely, BLG1–14, BLG24–35, BLG40–60, BLG82–101, and BLG123–139. Then, the effect of peptides on the Caco-2 cell’s transport absorption, the co-stimulatory molecules of DC, and the T-cell phenotype was explored. The results suggested all peptides showed better transport absorption capacity with the apparent permeability coefficient higher than 2 × 10−6 cm·s−1. The ability of BLG40–60 for promoting lamina propria-derived DC cell (LPDC) maturation was observed by the increase in MHC II. Moreover, BLG1–14 and BLG40–60 directed activation of T lymphocytes towards a Th1 phenotype. This is the first report of the immunomodulatory potential of peptides in the sensitization of allergic reaction, and one peptide, BLG40–60, was regarded as an immunomodulatory peptide, one that should be further explored in an animal model in depth.
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26
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Han M, Xu M, Wang S, Wu L, Sun S, Su T. Effects of exogenous L-Glutamine as a sole nitrogen source on physiological characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 172:1-13. [PMID: 35007889 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
L-Glutamine (Gln) is a proteinogenic amino acid, N transporter and NH3 carrier, engaging in diversified pathways for synthesizing many important molecules. However, the effects of exogenous Gln on plant growth and development remain largely unknown. In this study, different concentrations of Gln were supplemented in the poplar hybrid 'Nanlin895' culture medium as a sole N source. Their effects on poplar growth, photosynthesis, N metabolism-related enzymes and metabolites were elucidated. Strikingly, 0.5 mM Gln-fed poplars showed no considerable growth compromise compared to the inorganic N control (CK-N), even though their N supply level was only half that of the CK-N control. What's more, their NUE was enhanced. In addition, 0.5 mM Gln treatment significantly increased the contents of amino acids in coordination with soluble sugars in the roots, while marginal effects in the leaves were observed compared to CK-N. By contrast, applying a high level of Gln (>0.5 mM) resulted in larger accumulation of amino acids and starch, but lower level of soluble sugars, particularly in the roots, followed by adverse effects on poplar biomass, photosynthesis, enzyme activities and NUE; consequently, poplar growth was inhibited. Collectively, these findings allow us to deduce that poplar plants are competent to take up and utilize Gln as a sole N source. When applied at an appropriate level, Gln could promote a dynamic equilibrium of N and C, conferring sound growth performance and additional benefit for the environment as indicated by higher NUE, lower N input and higher biocompatible nature than the inorganic N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shizhen Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liangdan Wu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Shuyue Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China; Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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27
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She G, Yu S, Li Z, Peng A, Li P, Li Y, Chang M, Liu L, Chen Q, Shi C, Sun J, Zhao J, Wan X. Characterization of CsTSI in the Biosynthesis of Theanine in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:826-836. [PMID: 35029385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theanine is a unique major amino acid in tea plants responsible for umami taste and mental health benefits of tea. However, theanine biosynthesis and physiological role in tea plants are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that tea plant theanine synthetase is encoded by a glutamine synthetase gene CsTSI. The expression pattern of CsTSI is closely correlated with theanine and glutamine levels in various tissues. CsTSI transcripts were accumulated in root tip epidermal cells, pericycle and procambial cells, where CsTSI presents as a cytosolic protein. Ectopic expression of the gene in Arabidopsis led to greater glutamine and theanine production than controls when fed with ethylamine (EA). RNAi knockdown or overexpression of CsTSI in tea plant hairy roots reduced or enhanced theanine and glutamine contents, respectively, compared with controls. The CsTSI recombinant enzymes used glutamate as an acceptor and ammonium or EA as a donor to synthesize glutamine and theanine, respectively. CsTSI expression in tea roots responded to nitrogen supply and deprivation and was correlated with theanine contents. This study provides fresh insights into the molecular basis for the biosynthesis of theanine, which may facilitate the breeding of high-theanine tea plants for improving the nutritional benefit of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shuwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhenguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Anqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Manman Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chengying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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28
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Zhang H, Qin Y, Huang K, Zhan F, Li R, Chen J. Root Metabolite Differences in Two Maize Varieties Under Lead (Pb) Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:656074. [PMID: 34887879 PMCID: PMC8649664 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.656074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To assess root metabolic differences of maize varieties in their response to lead (Pb) stress, the lead-tolerant variety Huidan No. 4 and the lead-sensitive variety Ludan No. 8 were tested under Pb-free and Pb-stressed conditions. Changes in metabolites were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pb stress changed the levels of the amino acids proline, glutamine, lysine, and arginine in both varieties, whereas glutamate and phenylalanine levels changed only in Huidan No. 4. Pb stress altered cystine, valine, methionine, and tryptophan levels only in Ludan No. 8. Therefore, the synthesis and decomposition of amino acids may affect the response of maize to Pb stress. The degree of change in differential metabolites for Huidan No. 4 was greater than that for Ludan No. 8. In cell wall subcellular components, increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidases (PODs), and Pb concentrations were greater in Huidan No. 4 than in Ludan No. 8. Therefore, the greater Pb tolerance of Huidan No. 4 could be due to better sequestration of Pb in cell walls and more effective removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the plant. The levels of certain metabolites only increased in Ludan No. 8, indicating that Pb-sensitive varieties may use different metabolic pathways to cope with Pb stress. Both varieties showed increased levels of some metabolites related to antioxidant protection and osmotic regulation. This study provides an understanding of maize Pb tolerance mechanisms and a basis for further development of tools for use in maize breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqian Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuying Qin
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Huang
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fangdong Zhan
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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29
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Arabidopsis PII Proteins Form Characteristic Foci in Chloroplasts Indicating Novel Properties in Protein Interaction and Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312666. [PMID: 34884470 PMCID: PMC8657445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The PII protein is an evolutionary, highly conserved regulatory protein found in both bacteria and higher plants. In bacteria, it modulates the activity of several enzymes, transporters, and regulatory factors by interacting with them and thereby regulating important metabolic hubs, such as carbon/nitrogen homeostasis. More than two decades ago, the PII protein was characterized for the first time in plants, but its physiological role is still not sufficiently resolved. To gain more insights into the function of this protein, we investigated the interaction behavior of AtPII with candidate proteins by BiFC and FRET/FLIM in planta and with GFP/RFP traps in vitro. In the course of these studies, we found that AtPII interacts in chloroplasts with itself as well as with known interactors such as N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) in dot-like aggregates, which we named PII foci. In these novel protein aggregates, AtPII also interacts with yet unknown partners, which are known to be involved in plastidic protein degradation. Further studies revealed that the C-terminal component of AtPII is crucial for the formation of PII foci. Altogether, the discovery and description of PII foci indicate a novel mode of interaction between PII proteins and other proteins in plants. These findings may represent a new starting point for the elucidation of physiological functions of PII proteins in plants.
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Selim S, AbdElgawad H, Alsharari SS, Atif M, Warrad M, Hagagy N, Madany MMY, Abuelsoud W. Soil enrichment with actinomycete mitigates the toxicity of arsenic oxide nanoparticles on wheat and maize growth and metabolism. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:978-992. [PMID: 34237152 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to enhance plant growth and protection against heavy metal toxicity has been extensively studied. However, its potentiality to reduce arsenate toxicity, a threat to plant growth and metabolism, has been hardly investigated. Moreover, the toxic effect of arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As-NPs) on plants and possible mechanisms for its alleviation has not yet been explored. In this study, the impact of the bioactive actinomycete Streptomyces spp. on the growth, physiology and stress-related metabolites, such as sugars and proline, on As-NPs-stressed wheat and maize plants was investigated. Soil amendment with arsenic oxide nanoparticles (As-NPs) induced the uptake and accumulation of As in the plants of both species, resulting in reduced growth and photosynthesis, but less marked in maize than in wheat plants. Under As-NPs-free conditions, Streptomyces spp. treatment markedly improved growth and photosynthesis in wheat only. The application of Streptomyces spp. reduced As accumulation, recovered the As-NPs-induced growth, photosynthesis inhibition, and oxidative damage in plants of both species. Wheat plants specifically accumulated soluble sugars, while both species accumulated proline. Under As-NPs stress, the ornithine pathway of proline biosynthesis was more important in maize than in wheat plants, while the glutamine pathway was dominant in wheat ones. The addition of Streptomyces spp. further induced the accumulation of proline and starch in both plant species. Overall, despite a different response to Streptomyces spp. under nontoxic conditions, the amendment of as-contaminated soil with Streptomyces spp. induced similar metabolic responses in the two tested species, which trigger stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Salam S Alsharari
- Department of Biology, Jouf University, College of Science, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Warrad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-Quriat, Al-Quriat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Hagagy
- Department of Biology, University of Jeddah, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Taibah University, College of Science, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Abuelsoud
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Huang X, Cervantes-Avilés P, Li W, Keller AA. Drilling into the Metabolomics to Enhance Insight on Corn and Wheat Responses to Molybdenum Trioxide Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13452-13464. [PMID: 34043337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is an emerging tool to understand the potential implications of nanotechnology, particularly for agriculture. Although molybdenum (Mo) is a known plant micronutrient, little is known of its metabolic perturbations. Here, corn and wheat seedlings were exposed to MoO3 nanoparticles (NPs) and the corresponding bioavailable Mo6+ ion at moderate and excessive levels through root exposures. Physiologically, corn was more sensitive to Mo, which accumulated up to 3.63 times more Mo than wheat. In contrast, metabolomics indicated 21 dysregulated metabolites in corn leaves and 53 in wheat leaves. Five more metabolomic pathways were perturbed in wheat leaves compared to corn leaves. In addition to the overall metabolomics analysis, we also analyzed individual metabolite classes (e.g., amino acids, organic acids, etc.), yielding additional dysregulated metabolites in plant tissues: 7 for corn and 7 for wheat. Most of these were amino acids as well as some sugars. Additional significantly dysregulated metabolites (e.g., asparagine, fructose, reduced glutathione, mannose) were identified in both corn and wheat, due to Mo NP exposure, by employing individual metabolite group analysis. Targeted metabolite analysis of individual groups is thus important for finding additional significant metabolites. We demonstrate the value of metabolomics to study early stage plant responses to NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Huang
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Puebla CP 72453, México
| | - Weiwei Li
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Arturo A Keller
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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The Oxoglutarate Binding Site and Regulatory Mechanism Are Conserved in Ammonium Transporter Inhibitors GlnKs from Methanococcales. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168631. [PMID: 34445335 PMCID: PMC8395244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein inhibition is a natural regulatory process to control cellular metabolic fluxes. PII-family signal-transducing effectors are in this matter key regulators of the nitrogen metabolism. Their interaction with their various targets is governed by the cellular nitrogen level and the energy charge. Structural studies on GlnK, a PII-family inhibitor of the ammonium transporters (Amt), showed that the T-loops responsible for channel obstruction are displaced upon the binding of 2-oxoglutarate, magnesium and ATP in a conserved cleft. However, GlnK from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii was shown to bind 2-oxoglutarate on the tip of its T-loop, causing a moderate disruption to GlnK-Amt interaction, raising the question if methanogenic archaea use a singular adaptive strategy. Here we show that membrane fractions of Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus released GlnKs only in the presence of Mg-ATP and 2-oxoglutarate. This observation led us to structurally characterize the two GlnK isoforms apo or in complex with ligands. Together, our results show that the 2-oxoglutarate binding interface is conserved in GlnKs from Methanococcales, including Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, emphasizing the importance of a free carboxy-terminal group to facilitate ligand binding and to provoke the shift of the T-loop positions.
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He G, Tian W, Qin L, Meng L, Wu D, Huang Y, Li D, Zhao D, He T. Identification of novel heavy metal detoxification proteins in Solanum tuberosum: Insights to improve food security protection from metal ion stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146197. [PMID: 33744586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With increasingly serious environmental pollution problems, research has focused on identifying functional genes within plants that can help ensure food security and soil governance. In particular, plants seem to have been able to evolve specific functional genes to respond to environmental changes by losing partial gene functions, thereby representing a novel adaptation mechanism. Herein, a new category of functional genes was identified and investigated, providing new directions for understanding heavy metal detoxification mechanisms. Interestingly, this category of proteins appears to exhibit specific complexing functions for heavy metals. Further, a new approach was established to evaluate ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family functions using microRNA targeted inhibition. Moreover, mutant and functional genes were identified for future research targets. Expression profiling under five heavy metal stress treatments provided an important framework to further study defense responses of plants to metal exposure. In conclusion, the new insights identified here provide a theoretical basis and reference to better understand the mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in potato plants. Further, these new data provide additional directions and foundations for mining gene resources for heavy metal tolerance genes to improve safe, green crop production and plant treatment of heavy metal soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandi He
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Tian
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lijun Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lulu Meng
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Danxia Wu
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yun Huang
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Dandan Li
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Degang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Tengbing He
- Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Institute of New Rural Development of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Liang T, Yuan Z, Fu L, Zhu M, Luo X, Xu W, Yuan H, Zhu R, Hu Z, Wu X. Integrative Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis Reveals an Alternative Molecular Network of Glutamine Synthetase 2 Corresponding to Nitrogen Deficiency in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147674. [PMID: 34299294 PMCID: PMC8304609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. The root system architecture is a highly regulated morphological system, which is sensitive to the availability of nutrients, such as N. Phenotypic characterization of roots from LY9348 (a rice variety with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)) treated with 0.725 mM NH4NO3 (1/4N) was remarkable, especially primary root (PR) elongation, which was the highest. A comprehensive analysis was performed for transcriptome and proteome profiling of LY9348 roots between 1/4N and 2.9 mM NH4NO3 (1N) treatments. The results indicated 3908 differential expression genes (DEGs; 2569 upregulated and 1339 downregulated) and 411 differential abundance proteins (DAPs; 192 upregulated and 219 downregulated). Among all DAPs in the proteome, glutamine synthetase (GS2), a chloroplastic ammonium assimilation protein, was the most upregulated protein identified. The unexpected concentration of GS2 from the shoot to the root in the 1/4N treatment indicated that the presence of an alternative pathway of N assimilation regulated by GS2 in LY9348 corresponded to the low N signal, which was supported by GS enzyme activity and glutamine/glutamate (Gln/Glu) contents analysis. In addition, N transporters (NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, NRT2.4, NAR2.1, AMT1.3, AMT1.2, and putative AMT3.3) and N assimilators (NR2, GS1;1, GS1;2, GS1;3, NADH-GOGAT2, and AS2) were significantly induced during the long-term N-deficiency response at the transcription level (14 days). Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis demonstrated that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism were significantly modulated by N deficiency. Notably, many transcription factors and plant hormones were found to participate in root morphological adaptation. In conclusion, our study provides valuable information to further understand the response of rice roots to N-deficiency stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhengqing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wuwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huanran Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Renshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhongli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (T.L.); (Z.Y.); (L.F.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (W.X.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (Z.H.)
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 610000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-181-8061-4938
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Chen H, Wang Q. Regulatory mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in microalgae. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2373-2391. [PMID: 34101323 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal lipids are highly promising feedstocks for biofuel production. Microalgal lipids, especially triacylglycerol, and practical applications of these compounds have received increasing attention in recent years. For the commercial use of microalgal lipids to be feasible, many fundamental biological questions must be addressed based on detailed studies of algal biology, including how lipid biosynthesis occurs and is regulated. Here, we review the current understanding of microalgal lipid biosynthesis, with a focus on the underlying regulatory mechanisms. We also present possible solutions for overcoming various obstacles to understanding the basic biology of microalgal lipid biosynthesis and the practical application of microalgae-based lipids. This review will provide a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly pertaining to microalgal-based lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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Bolay P, Rozbeh R, Muro-Pastor MI, Timm S, Hagemann M, Florencio FJ, Forchhammer K, Klähn S. The Novel P II-Interacting Protein PirA Controls Flux into the Cyanobacterial Ornithine-Ammonia Cycle. mBio 2021; 12:e00229-21. [PMID: 33758091 PMCID: PMC8092223 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00229-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among prokaryotes, cyanobacteria have an exclusive position as they perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria substantially differ from other bacteria in further aspects, e.g., they evolved a plethora of unique regulatory mechanisms to control primary metabolism. This is exemplified by the regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) via small proteins termed inactivating factors (IFs). Here, we reveal another small protein, encoded by the ssr0692 gene in the model strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, that regulates flux into the ornithine-ammonia cycle (OAC), the key hub of cyanobacterial nitrogen stockpiling and remobilization. This regulation is achieved by the interaction with the central carbon/nitrogen control protein PII, which commonly controls entry into the OAC by activating the key enzyme of arginine synthesis, N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase (NAGK). In particular, the Ssr0692 protein competes with NAGK for PII binding and thereby prevents NAGK activation, which in turn lowers arginine synthesis. Accordingly, we termed it PII-interacting regulator of arginine synthesis (PirA). Similar to the GS IFs, PirA accumulates in response to ammonium upshift due to relief from repression by the global nitrogen control transcription factor NtcA. Consistent with this, the deletion of pirA affects the balance of metabolite pools of the OAC in response to ammonium shocks. Moreover, the PirA-PII interaction requires ADP and is prevented by PII mutations affecting the T-loop conformation, the major protein interaction surface of this signal processing protein. Thus, we propose that PirA is an integrator determining flux into N storage compounds not only depending on the N availability but also the energy state of the cell.IMPORTANCE Cyanobacteria contribute a significant portion to the annual oxygen yield and play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, e.g., as major primary producers. Due to their photosynthetic lifestyle, cyanobacteria also arouse interest as hosts for the sustainable production of fuel components and high-value chemicals. However, their broad application as microbial cell factories is hampered by limited knowledge about the regulation of metabolic fluxes in these organisms. Our research identified a novel regulatory protein that controls nitrogen flux, in particular arginine synthesis. Besides its role as a proteinogenic amino acid, arginine is a precursor for the cyanobacterial storage compound cyanophycin, which is of potential interest to biotechnology. Therefore, the obtained results will not only enhance our understanding of flux control in these organisms but also help to provide a scientific basis for targeted metabolic engineering and, hence, the design of photosynthesis-driven biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bolay
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Solar Materials, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rokhsareh Rozbeh
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Isabel Muro-Pastor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stefan Timm
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Francisco J Florencio
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Organismic Interactions Department, Tübingen University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Klähn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Solar Materials, Leipzig, Germany
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Comparative physiological and metabolomic analyses revealed that foliar spraying with zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles modulates metabolite profiles in cucumber (
Cucumis sativus
L.). Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Phycobilisome breakdown effector NblD is required to maintain the cellular amino acid composition during nitrogen starvation. J Bacteriol 2021; 204:JB0015821. [PMID: 34228497 PMCID: PMC8765419 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00158-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small proteins are critically involved in the acclimation response of photosynthetic cyanobacteria to nitrogen starvation. NblD is the 66-amino-acid effector of nitrogen-limitation-induced phycobilisome breakdown, which is believed to replenish the cellular amino acid pools. To address the physiological functions of NblD, the concentrations of amino acids, intermediates of the arginine catabolism pathway and several organic acids were measured during the response to nitrogen starvation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 wild type and in an nblD deletion strain. A characteristic signature of metabolite pool composition was identified, which shows that NblD-mediated phycobilisome degradation is required to maintain the cellular amino acid and organic acid pools during nitrogen starvation. Specific deviations from the wild type suggest wider-reaching effects that also affect such processes as redox homeostasis via glutathione and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, both of which are linked to the strongly decreased glutamate pool, and transcriptional reprogramming via an enhanced concentration of 2-oxoglutarate, the metabolite co-regulator of the NtcA transcription factor. The essential role played by NblD in metabolic homeostasis is consistent with the widespread occurrence of NblD throughout the cyanobacterial radiation and the previously observed strong positive selection for the nblD gene under fluctuating nitrogen supply. Importance Cyanobacteria play important roles in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles. In their natural environment, these organisms are exposed to fluctuating nutrient conditions. Nitrogen starvation induces a coordinated nitrogen-saving program that includes the breakdown of nitrogen-rich photosynthetic pigments, particularly phycobiliproteins. The small protein NblD was recently identified as an effector of phycobilisome breakdown in cyanobacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that the NblD-mediated degradation of phycobiliproteins is needed to sustain cellular pools of soluble amino acids and other crucial metabolites. The essential role played by NblD in metabolic homeostasis explains why genes encoding this small protein are conserved in almost all members of cyanobacterial radiation.
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The Protein-Protein Interaction Network Reveals a Novel Role of the Signal Transduction Protein PII in the Control of c-di-GMP Homeostasis in Azospirillum brasilense. mSystems 2020; 5:5/6/e00817-20. [PMID: 33144311 PMCID: PMC7646526 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00817-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The PII proteins sense and integrate important metabolic signals which reflect the cellular nutrition and energy status. Such extraordinary ability was capitalized by nature in such a way that the various PII proteins regulate different facets of metabolism by controlling the activity of a range of target proteins by protein-protein interactions. Here, we determined the PII protein interaction network in the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The interactome data along with metabolome analysis suggest that PII functions as a master metabolic regulator hub. We provide evidence that PII proteins act to regulate c-di-GMP levels in vivo and cell motility and adherence behaviors. The PII family comprises a group of widely distributed signal transduction proteins ubiquitous in prokaryotes and in the chloroplasts of plants. PII proteins sense the levels of key metabolites ATP, ADP, and 2-oxoglutarate, which affect the PII protein structure and thereby the ability of PII to interact with a range of target proteins. Here, we performed multiple ligand fishing assays with the PII protein orthologue GlnZ from the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense to identify 37 proteins that are likely to be part of the PII protein-protein interaction network. Among the PII targets identified were enzymes related to nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism, signaling, coenzyme synthesis, RNA catabolism, and transcription. Direct binary PII-target complex was confirmed for 15 protein complexes using pulldown assays with recombinant proteins. Untargeted metabolome analysis showed that PII is required for proper homeostasis of important metabolites. Two enzymes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism were among the identified PII targets. A PII-deficient strain showed reduced c-di-GMP levels and altered aerotaxis and flocculation behavior. These data support that PII acts as a major metabolic hub controlling important enzymes and the homeostasis of key metabolites such as c-di-GMP in response to the prevailing nutritional status. IMPORTANCE The PII proteins sense and integrate important metabolic signals which reflect the cellular nutrition and energy status. Such extraordinary ability was capitalized by nature in such a way that the various PII proteins regulate different facets of metabolism by controlling the activity of a range of target proteins by protein-protein interactions. Here, we determined the PII protein interaction network in the plant growth-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacterium Azospirillum brasilense. The interactome data along with metabolome analysis suggest that PII functions as a master metabolic regulator hub. We provide evidence that PII proteins act to regulate c-di-GMP levels in vivo and cell motility and adherence behaviors.
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40
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Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Arginine from Ornithine in Maritime Pine ( Pinus pinaster Ait.). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101271. [PMID: 32992504 PMCID: PMC7601404 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amino acids arginine and ornithine are the precursors of a wide range of nitrogenous compounds in all living organisms. The metabolic conversion of ornithine into arginine is catalyzed by the sequential activities of the enzymes ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASSY) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Because of their roles in the urea cycle, these enzymes have been purified and extensively studied in a variety of animal models. However, the available information about their molecular characteristics, kinetic and regulatory properties is relatively limited in plants. In conifers, arginine plays a crucial role as a main constituent of N-rich storage proteins in seeds and serves as the main source of nitrogen for the germinating embryo. In this work, recombinant PpOTC, PpASSY and PpASL enzymes from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) were produced in Escherichia coli to enable study of their molecular and kinetics properties. The results reported here provide a molecular basis for the regulation of arginine and ornithine metabolism at the enzymatic level, suggesting that the reaction catalyzed by OTC is a regulatory target in the homeostasis of ornithine pools that can be either used for the biosynthesis of arginine in plastids or other nitrogenous compounds in the cytosol.
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Forchhammer K, Selim KA. Carbon/nitrogen homeostasis control in cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 44:33-53. [PMID: 31617886 PMCID: PMC8042125 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) balance sensing is a key requirement for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Therefore, cyanobacteria have evolved a sophisticated signal transduction network targeting the metabolite 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), the carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation. It serves as a status reporter for the cellular C/N balance that is sensed by transcription factors NtcA and NdhR and the versatile PII-signaling protein. The PII protein acts as a multitasking signal-integrating regulator, combining the 2-OG signal with the energy state of the cell through adenyl-nucleotide binding. Depending on these integrated signals, PII orchestrates metabolic activities in response to environmental changes through binding to various targets. In addition to 2-OG, other status reporter metabolites have recently been discovered, mainly indicating the carbon status of the cells. One of them is cAMP, which is sensed by the PII-like protein SbtB. The present review focuses, with a main emphasis on unicellular model strains Synechoccus elongatus and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, on the physiological framework of these complex regulatory loops, the tight linkage to metabolism and the molecular mechanisms governing the signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Forchhammer
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khaled A Selim
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Selim KA, Ermilova E, Forchhammer K. From cyanobacteria to Archaeplastida: new evolutionary insights into PII signalling in the plant kingdom. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:722-731. [PMID: 32077495 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The PII superfamily consists of signal transduction proteins found in all domains of life. Canonical PII proteins sense the cellular energy state through the competitive binding of ATP and ADP, and carbon/nitrogen balance through 2-oxoglutarate binding. The ancestor of Archaeplastida inherited its PII signal transduction protein from an ancestral cyanobacterial endosymbiont. Over the course of evolution, plant PII proteins acquired a glutamine-sensing C-terminal extension, subsequently present in all Chloroplastida PII proteins. The PII proteins of various algal strains (red, green and nonphotosynthetic algae) have been systematically investigated with respect to their sensory and regulatory properties. Comparisons of the PII proteins from different phyla of oxygenic phototrophs (cyanobacteria, red algae, Chlorophyta and higher plants) have yielded insights into their evolutionary conservation vs adaptive properties. The highly conserved role of the controlling enzyme of arginine biosynthesis, N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase (NAGK), as a main PII-interactor has been demonstrated across oxygenic phototrophs of cyanobacteria and Archaeplastida. In addition, the PII signalling system of red algae has been identified as an evolutionary intermediate between that of Cyanobacteria and Chloroplastida. In this review, we consider recent advances in understanding metabolic signalling by PII proteins of the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Selim
- Organismic Interactions Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Organismic Interactions Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Castro-Rodríguez V, Ávila C, Cánovas FM. Getting more bark for your buck: nitrogen economy of deciduous forest trees. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4369-4372. [PMID: 32710786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on:
Li G, Lin R, Egekwu C, Blakeslee J, Lin J, Pettengill E, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Islam N, Babst BA, Gao F, Komarov S, Tai Y-C, Coleman GD. 2020. Seasonal nitrogen remobilization and the role of auxin transport in poplar trees. Journal of Experimental Botany 71, 4512–4530.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Castro-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas (BIO-114), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Ávila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas (BIO-114), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas (BIO-114), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Chen Z, Ai F, Zhang J, Ma X, Yang W, Wang W, Su Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Mao K, Wang Q, Lascoux M, Liu J, Ma T. Survival in the Tropics despite isolation, inbreeding and asexual reproduction: insights from the genome of the world's southernmost poplar (Populus ilicifolia). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:430-442. [PMID: 32168389 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Species are becoming extinct at unprecedented rates as a consequence of human activity. Hence it is important to understand the evolutionary dynamics of species with already small population sizes. Populus ilicifolia is a vulnerable poplar species that is isolated from other poplar species and is uniquely adapted to the Tropics. It has a very limited size, reproduces partly clonally and is therefore an excellent case study for conservation genomics. We present here the first annotated draft genome of P. ilicifolia, characterize genome-wide patterns of polymorphisms and compare those to other poplar species with larger natural ranges. P. ilicifolia experienced a more prolonged and severe decline of effective population size (Ne ) and signs of genetic erosion than any other poplar species with which it was compared. At present, the species has the lowest genome-wide genetic diversity, the highest abundance of long runs of homozygosity, high inbreeding levels as well as a high overall accumulation of deleterious variants. However, more effective purging of severely deleterious variants and adaptation to the Tropics may have contributed to its survival. Hence, in spite of its limited genetic variation, it is certainly worth pursuing the conservation efforts of this unique species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Fandi Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xinzhi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Wenlu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yutao Su
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingcheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology & College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kangshan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Martin Lascoux
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, 18D 75326, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, Institute of Innovation Ecology & College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Santos ARS, Gerhardt ECM, Parize E, Pedrosa FO, Steffens MBR, Chubatsu LS, Souza EM, Passaglia LMP, Sant'Anna FH, de Souza GA, Huergo LF, Forchhammer K. NAD + biosynthesis in bacteria is controlled by global carbon/nitrogen levels via PII signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6165-6176. [PMID: 32179648 PMCID: PMC7196632 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is a central metabolite participating in core metabolic redox reactions. The prokaryotic NAD synthetase enzyme NadE catalyzes the last step of NAD+ biosynthesis, converting nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) to NAD+. Some members of the NadE family use l-glutamine as a nitrogen donor and are named NadEGln. Previous gene neighborhood analysis has indicated that the bacterial nadE gene is frequently clustered with the gene encoding the regulatory signal transduction protein PII, suggesting a functional relationship between these proteins in response to the nutritional status and the carbon/nitrogen ratio of the bacterial cell. Here, using affinity chromatography, bioinformatics analyses, NAD synthetase activity, and biolayer interferometry assays, we show that PII and NadEGln physically interact in vitro, that this complex relieves NadEGln negative feedback inhibition by NAD+. This mechanism is conserved in distantly related bacteria. Of note, the PII protein allosteric effector and cellular nitrogen level indicator 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) inhibited the formation of the PII-NadEGln complex within a physiological range. These results indicate an interplay between the levels of ATP, ADP, 2-OG, PII-sensed glutamine, and NAD+, representing a metabolic hub that may balance the levels of core nitrogen and carbon metabolites. Our findings support the notion that PII proteins act as a dissociable regulatory subunit of NadEGln, thereby enabling the control of NAD+ biosynthesis according to the nutritional status of the bacterial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Richard Schenberger Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil; Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin der Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | | | - Erick Parize
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Fabio Oliveira Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Maria Berenice Reynaud Steffens
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Leda Satie Chubatsu
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP:91501-970 CP 15053 Brazil
| | - Fernando Hayashi Sant'Anna
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP:91501-970 CP 15053 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Antônio de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal/RN, CEP: 59072-970 Brazil
| | - Luciano Fernandes Huergo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, CEP: 81531-980 Brazil; Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin der Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Setor Litoral, UFPR, Matinhos, Paraná, CEP: 83260-000 Brazil.
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin der Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
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Ota R, Ohkubo Y, Yamashita Y, Ogawa-Ohnishi M, Matsubayashi Y. Shoot-to-root mobile CEPD-like 2 integrates shoot nitrogen status to systemically regulate nitrate uptake in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:641. [PMID: 32005881 PMCID: PMC6994653 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants modulate the efficiency of root nitrogen (N) acquisition in response to shoot N demand. However, molecular components directly involved in this shoot-to-root communication remain to be identified. Here, we show that phloem-mobile CEPD-like 2 (CEPDL2) polypeptide is upregulated in the leaf vasculature in response to decreased shoot N status and, after translocation to the roots, promotes high-affinity uptake and root-to-shoot transport of nitrate. Loss of CEPDL2 leads to a reduction in shoot nitrate content and plant biomass. CEPDL2 contributes to N acquisition cooperatively with CEPD1 and CEPD2 which mediate root N status, and the complete loss of all three proteins severely impairs N homeostasis in plants. Reciprocal grafting analysis provides conclusive evidence that the shoot CEPDL2/CEPD1/2 genotype defines the high-affinity nitrate uptake activity in root. Our results indicate that plants integrate shoot N status and root N status in leaves and systemically regulate the efficiency of root N acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ota
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuri Ohkubo
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yamashita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa-Ohnishi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Matsubayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
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Rubio V, Marco-Marín C, Llácer JL. Nitrogen storage regulation by PII protein: lessons learned from taxonomic outliers. FEBS J 2020; 287:439-442. [PMID: 31943764 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper 'Interaction of N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase with the PII signal transducer in the non-photosynthetic alga Polytomella parva: Co-evolution towards a hetero-oligomeric enzyme' by Selim et al. highlights how the study of a true taxonomic oddity, the heterotrophic unicellular alga P. parva, has been instrumental in uncovering the large potential for adaptive variation in the signaling complex of PII with the enzyme N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK). This complex modifies the regulatory properties of NAGK, allowing nitrogen stockpiling as arginine. In P. parva, a stable PII-NAGK complex is formed which lacks regulation by canonical PII effectors but which exhibits novel adaptive responses to nitrogen abundance mediated by glutamine, a neo-effector of PII proteins of photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Rubio
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marco-Marín
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Llácer
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER-ISCIII), Valencia, Spain
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Llebrés MT, Pascual MB, Valle C, de la Torre FN, Valderrama-Martin JM, Gómez L, Avila C, Cánovas FM. Structural and Functional Characteristics of Two Molecular Variants of the Nitrogen Sensor PII in Maritime Pine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:823. [PMID: 32612622 PMCID: PMC7308587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
High levels of nitrogen are stored as arginine during the last stages of seed formation in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton). The protein sensor PII regulates the feedback inhibition of arginine biosynthesis through interaction with the key enzyme N-acetylglutamate kinase (NAGK). In this study, the structural and functional characteristics of PII have been investigated in maritime pine to get insights into the regulation of arginine metabolism. Two different forms of PII have been identified, PpPIIa and PpPIIb, which differ in their amino acid sequence and most likely correspond to splicing variants of a single gene in the pine genome. Two PII variants are also present in other pine species but not in other conifers such as spruces. PpPIIa and PpPIIb are trimeric proteins for which structural modeling predicts similar tridimensional protein core structures. Both are located in the chloroplast, where the PII-target enzyme PpNAGK is also found. PpPIIa, PpPIIb, and PpNAGK have been recombinantly produced to investigate the formation of NAGK-PII complexes. The interaction of PpPIIa/PpPIIb and PpNAGK may be enhanced by glutamine and contribute to relieve the feedback inhibition of PpNAGK by arginine. Expression analysis of PpPII genes revealed that PpIIa transcripts were predominant during embryogenesis and germination. The potential roles of PpPIIa and PpPIIb in the regulation of arginine metabolism of maritime pine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Llebrés
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - María Belén Pascual
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Carolina Valle
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando N. de la Torre
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Miguel Valderrama-Martin
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Montegancedo, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Avila
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Cánovas
- Grupo de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco M. Cánovas,
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Lapina TV, Kochemasova LY, Forchhammer K, Ermilova EV. Effects of arginine on Polytomella parva growth, PII protein levels and lipid body formation. PLANTA 2019; 250:1379-1385. [PMID: 31359139 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
L-Arginine supports growth and resulted in increased PII signaling protein levels and lipid droplet accumulation in the colorless green alga Polytomella parva. Polytomella parva, a model system for nonphotosynthetic green algae, utilizes ammonium and several carbon sources, including ethanol and acetate. We previously reported that P. parva accumulates high amounts of arginine with the key enzyme of the ornithine/arginine biosynthesis pathway, N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase, exhibiting high activity. Here we demonstrate that L-arginine can be used by this alga as a nitrogen source. Externally supplied arginine directly influenced the levels of PII signaling protein and formation of triacylglycerol (TAG)-filled lipid bodies (LBs). Our results suggest that the nitrogen source, but not nitrogen starvation, may be critical for the accumulation of LBs in a PII-independent manner in P. parva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V Lapina
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Lidiya Yu Kochemasova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Organismic Interactions Department, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena V Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034.
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50
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Selim KA, Lapina T, Forchhammer K, Ermilova E. Interaction of N-acetyl-l-glutamate kinase with the PII signal transducer in the non-photosynthetic alga Polytomella parva: Co-evolution towards a hetero-oligomeric enzyme. FEBS J 2019; 287:465-482. [PMID: 31287617 PMCID: PMC7027753 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
During evolution, several algae and plants became heterotrophic and lost photosynthesis; however, in most cases, a nonphotosynthetic plastid was maintained. Among these organisms, the colourless alga Polytomella parva is a special case, as its plastid is devoid of any DNA, but is maintained for specific metabolic tasks carried out by nuclear encoded enzymes. This makes P. parva attractive to study molecular events underlying the transition from autotrophic to heterotrophic lifestyle. Here we characterize metabolic adaptation strategies of P. parva in comparison to the closely related photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with a focus on the role of plastid‐localized PII signalling protein. Polytomella parva accumulates significantly higher amounts of most TCA cycle intermediates as well as glutamate, aspartate and arginine, the latter being specific for the colourless plastid. Correlating with the altered metabolite status, the carbon/nitrogen sensory PII signalling protein and its regulatory target N‐acetyl‐l‐glutamate‐kinase (NAGK; the controlling enzyme of arginine biosynthesis) show unique features: They have co‐evolved into a stable hetero‐oligomeric complex, irrespective of effector molecules. The PII signalling protein, so far known as a transiently interacting signalling protein, appears as a permanent subunit of the enzyme NAGK. NAGK requires PII to properly sense the feedback inhibitor arginine, and moreover, PII tunes arginine‐inhibition in response to glutamine. No other PII effector molecules interfere, indicating that the PII‐NAGK system in P. parva has lost the ability to estimate the cellular energy and carbon status but has specialized to provide an entirely glutamine‐dependent arginine feedback control, highlighting the evolutionary plasticity of PII signalling system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Selim
- Department of Microbiology/Organismic Interactions, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Lapina
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Department of Microbiology/Organismic Interactions, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Ermilova
- Biological Faculty, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
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