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Li M, Yuan Y, Hou Z, Hao S, Jin L, Wang B. Human brain organoid: trends, evolution, and remaining challenges. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2387-2399. [PMID: 38526275 PMCID: PMC11090441 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced brain organoids provide promising platforms for deciphering the cellular and molecular processes of human neural development and diseases. Although various studies and reviews have described developments and advancements in brain organoids, few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends in this area of neuroscience. To identify and further facilitate the development of cerebral organoids, we utilized bibliometrics and visualization methods to analyze the global trends and evolution of brain organoids in the last 10 years. First, annual publications, countries/regions, organizations, journals, authors, co-citations, and keywords relating to brain organoids were identified. The hotspots in this field were also systematically identified. Subsequently, current applications for brain organoids in neuroscience, including human neural development, neural disorders, infectious diseases, regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and toxicity assessment studies, are comprehensively discussed. Towards that end, several considerations regarding the current challenges in brain organoid research and future strategies to advance neuroscience will be presented to further promote their application in neurological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zongkun Hou
- School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Afting C, Walther T, Drozdowski OM, Schlagheck C, Schwarz US, Wittbrodt J, Göpfrich K. DNA microbeads for spatio-temporally controlled morphogen release within organoids. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01779-y. [PMID: 39251862 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are transformative in vitro model systems that mimic features of the corresponding tissue in vivo. However, across tissue types and species, organoids still often fail to reach full maturity and function because biochemical cues cannot be provided from within the organoid to guide their development. Here we introduce nanoengineered DNA microbeads with tissue mimetic tunable stiffness for implementing spatio-temporally controlled morphogen gradients inside of organoids at any point in their development. Using medaka retinal organoids and early embryos, we show that DNA microbeads can be integrated into embryos and organoids by microinjection and erased in a non-invasive manner with light. Coupling a recombinant surrogate Wnt to the DNA microbeads, we demonstrate the spatio-temporally controlled morphogen release from the microinjection site, which leads to morphogen gradients resulting in the formation of retinal pigmented epithelium while maintaining neuroretinal cell types. Thus, we bioengineered retinal organoids to more closely mirror the cell type diversity of in vivo retinae. Owing to the facile, one-pot fabrication process, the DNA microbead technology can be adapted to other organoid systems for improved tissue mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassian Afting
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg International Biosciences Graduate School HBIGS, Heidelberg, Germany
- HeiKa Graduate School on "Functional Materials", Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Walther
- HeiKa Graduate School on "Functional Materials", Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver M Drozdowski
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Schlagheck
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg International Biosciences Graduate School HBIGS, Heidelberg, Germany
- HeiKa Graduate School on "Functional Materials", Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Göpfrich
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Biophysical Engineering Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Liu Q, Yue L, Deng J, Tan Y, Wu C. Progress and breakthroughs in human kidney organoid research. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101736. [PMID: 38910872 PMCID: PMC11190488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) kidney organoid is a breakthrough model for recapitulating renal morphology and function in vitro, which is grown from stem cells and resembles mammalian kidney organogenesis. Currently, protocols for cultivating this model from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and patient-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) have been widely reported. In recent years, scientists have focused on combining cutting-edge bioengineering and bioinformatics technologies to improve the developmental accuracy of kidney organoids and achieve high-throughput experimentation. As a remarkable tool for mechanistic research of the renal system, kidney organoid has both potential and challenges. In this review, we have described the evolution of kidney organoid establishment methods and highlighted the latest progress leading to a more sophisticated kidney transformation research model. Finally, we have summarized the main applications of renal organoids in exploring kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiu Deng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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4
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Dong L, Xie YL, Zhang RT, Hu QY. Models of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Life Sci 2024; 352:122873. [PMID: 38950643 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is one of the most serious life-threatening complications of sepsis. The pathogenesis of S-AKI is complex and there is no effective specific treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to choose suitable preclinical models that are highly similar to human S-AKI to study the pathogenesis and drug treatment. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the development models of S-AKI, providing reference for the reasonable selection of experimental models as basic research and drug development of S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Tao Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiong-Ying Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Rizzuti M, Melzi V, Brambilla L, Quetti L, Sali L, Ottoboni L, Meneri M, Ratti A, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Comi GP, Corti S, Abati E. Shaping the Neurovascular Unit Exploiting Human Brain Organoids. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6642-6657. [PMID: 38334812 PMCID: PMC11338975 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids, three-dimensional cell structures derived from pluripotent stem cells, closely mimic key aspects of the human brain in vitro, providing a powerful tool for studying neurodevelopment and disease. The neuroectodermal induction protocol employed for brain organoid generation primarily gives rise to the neural cellular component but lacks the vital vascular system, which is crucial for the brain functions by regulating differentiation, migration, and circuit formation, as well as delivering oxygen and nutrients. Many neurological diseases are caused by dysfunctions of cerebral microcirculation, making vascularization of human brain organoids an important tool for pathogenetic and translational research. Experimentally, the creation of vascularized brain organoids has primarily focused on the fusion of vascular and brain organoids, on organoid transplantation in vivo, and on the use of microfluidic devices to replicate the intricate microenvironment of the human brain in vitro. This review summarizes these efforts and highlights the importance of studying the neurovascular unit in a forward-looking perspective of leveraging their use for understanding and treating neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Rizzuti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brambilla
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Quetti
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sali
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Ottoboni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Megi Meneri
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Gopallawa I, Gupta C, Jawa R, Cyril A, Jawa V, Chirmule N, Gujar V. Applications of Organoids in Advancing Drug Discovery and Development. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2659-2667. [PMID: 39002723 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are small, self-organizing three-dimensional cell cultures that are derived from stem cells or primary organs. These cultures replicate the complexity of an organ, which cannot be achieved by single-cell culture systems. Organoids can be used in testing of new drugs instead of animals. Development and validation of organoids is thus important to reduce the reliance on animals for drug testing. In this review, we have discussed the developmental and regulatory aspects of organoids and highlighted their importance in drug development. We have first summarized different types of culture-based organoid systems such as submerged Matrigel, micro-fluidic 3D cultures, inducible pluripotent stem cells, and air-liquid interface cultures. These systems help us understand the intricate interplay between cells and their surrounding milieu for identifying functions of target receptors, soluble factors, and spatial interactions. Further, we have discussed the advances in humanized severe-combined immunodeficiency mouse models and their applications in the pharmacology of immune-oncology. Since regulatory aspects are important in using organoids for drug development, we have summarized FDA and EMA regulations on organoid research to support pre-clinical studies. Finally, we have included some unique studies highlighting the use of organoids in studying infectious diseases, cancer, and fundamental biology. These studies also exemplify the latest technological advances in organoid development resulting in improved efficiency. Overall, this review comprehensively summarizes the applications of organoids in early drug development during discovery and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, USA
| | | | - Rayan Jawa
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arya Cyril
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vibha Jawa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NY, USA.
| | | | - Vikramsingh Gujar
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
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7
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Kasper VL, Assis DN. Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S98-S106. [PMID: 39105342 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary complications of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) constitute a significant burden for persons with CF of all ages, with advanced CF liver disease in particular representing a leading cause of mortality. The causes of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, ranging from steatosis to focal biliary cholestasis and biliary strictures, are poorly understood and likely reflect a variety of environmental and disease-modifying factors in the setting of underlying CFTR mutations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary manifestations of CF, and discusses emerging disease models and therapeutic approaches that hold promise to impact this important yet incompletely addressed aspect of CF care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania L Kasper
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David N Assis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Pang B, Wu L, Peng Y. In vitro modelling of the neurovascular unit for ischemic stroke research: Emphasis on human cell applications and 3D model design. Exp Neurol 2024; 381:114942. [PMID: 39222766 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has garnered global medical attention as one of the most serious cerebrovascular diseases. The mechanisms involved in both the development and recovery phases of ischemic stroke are complex, involving intricate interactions among different types of cells, each with its own unique functions. To better understand the possible pathogenesis, neurovascular unit (NVU), a concept comprising neurons, endothelial cells, mural cells, glial cells, and extracellular matrix components, has been used in analysing various brain diseases, particularly in ischemic stroke, aiming to depict the interactions between cerebral vasculature and neural cells. While in vivo models often face limitations in terms of reproducibility and the ability to precisely mimic human pathophysiology, it is now important to establish in vitro NVU models for ischemic stroke research. In order to accurately portray the pathological processes occurring within the brain, a diverse array of NVU 2D and 3D in vitro models, each possessing unique characteristics and advantages, have been meticulously developed. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in in vitro models specifically tailored for investigating ischemic stroke. Through a systematic categorization of these developments, we elucidate the intricate links between NVU components and the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we explore the distinct advantages offered by innovative NVU models, notably 3D models, which closely emulate in vivo conditions. Additionally, an examination of current therapeutic modalities for ischemic stroke developed utilizing in vitro NVU models is provided. Serving as a valuable reference, this review aids in the design and implementation of effective in vitro models for ischemic stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Roh HS, Kim DE, Kim G, Kim J, Fan D, Kim HS, Kim YH, Lee JH, Kim BG, Ryu MO, Kim HS, Baek KH, Bhang DH. Establishment and long-term expansion of adult hepatobiliary organoids co-cultured with liver endothelial cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36120. [PMID: 39253181 PMCID: PMC11382056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has a unique ability to regenerate in response to injury or disease with hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) driving the regenerative response. Liver progenitor cells (LPCs) also play role in regeneration with the ability to differentiate into either hepatocytes or BECs. However, during chronic liver disease, the regenerative capacity of the liver is impaired. The use of LPCs is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic liver diseases. LPCs can be expanded in vitro as self-renewing organoids, however, most approaches to LPC organoids do not include critical cells from the LPC niche in 3D organoid cultures. In this study, we highlight the role of liver endothelial cells (LiECs), as a part of LPC niche, in supporting the hepatobiliary organoids in long-term culture even in the absence of defined growth supplements, such as Wnt agonists. Furthermore, LiECs alter the gene expression profile of hepatobiliary organoids involved in inflammation, migration, extracellular matrix organization, and receptor signaling pathway through paracrine manner. Our findings expand the role of LiECs for regulating stemness of LPCs and elucidate a role for niche cells in a LPC organoid co-culture model with a reduction in growth supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Roh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dengxia Fan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hee Lee
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Gak Kim
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ok Ryu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 88082, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Soo Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Kangwon National University, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Cuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Hyuck Baek
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Bhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Attislab Inc., Anyang, Gyeonggi-Do, 14059, Republic of Korea
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10
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Özkan A, LoGrande NT, Feitor JF, Goyal G, Ingber DE. Intestinal organ chips for disease modelling and personalized medicine. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00968-3. [PMID: 39192055 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in intestinal structure, mechanics and physiology underlie acute and chronic intestinal conditions, many of which are influenced by dysregulation of microbiome, peristalsis, stroma or immune responses. Studying human intestinal physiology or pathophysiology is difficult in preclinical animal models because their microbiomes and immune systems differ from those of humans. Although advances in organoid culture partially overcome this challenge, intestinal organoids still lack crucial features that are necessary to study functions central to intestinal health and disease, such as digestion or fluid flow, as well as contributions from long-term effects of living microbiome, peristalsis and immune cells. Here, we review developments in organ-on-a-chip (organ chip) microfluidic culture models of the human intestine that are lined by epithelial cells and interfaced with other tissues (such as stroma or endothelium), which can experience both fluid flow and peristalsis-like motions. Organ chips offer powerful ways to model intestinal physiology and disease states for various human populations and individual patients, and can be used to gain new insight into underlying molecular and biophysical mechanisms of disease. They can also be used as preclinical tools to discover new drugs and then validate their therapeutic efficacy and safety in the same human-relevant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Özkan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Teresa LoGrande
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica F Feitor
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Tang X, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang N, Dai Z, Cheng Q, Li Y. Single-Cell Sequencing: High-Resolution Analysis of Cellular Heterogeneity in Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024:10.1007/s12016-024-09001-6. [PMID: 39186216 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-09001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are complex in etiology and diverse in classification but clinically show similar symptoms such as joint pain and skin problems. As a result, the diagnosis is challenging, and usually, only broad treatments can be available. Consequently, the clinical responses in patients with different types of AIDs are unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more research to figure out the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AIDs. This requires research technologies with strong extraction and prediction capabilities. Single-cell sequencing technology analyses the genomic, epigenomic, or transcriptomic information at the single-cell level. It can define different cell types and states in greater detail, further revealing the molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. These advantages enable cell biology research to achieve an unprecedented resolution and scale, bringing a whole new vision to life science research. In recent years, single-cell technology especially single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been widely used in various disease research. In this paper, we present the innovations and applications of single-cell sequencing in the medical field and focus on the application contributing to the differential diagnosis and precise treatment of AIDs. Despite some limitations, single-cell sequencing has a wide range of applications in AIDs. We finally present a prospect for the development of single-cell sequencing. These ideas may provide some inspiration for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
| | - Yongzhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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12
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Buchholz MB, Scheerman DI, Levato R, Wehrens EJ, Rios AC. Human breast tissue engineering in health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2024:10.1038/s44321-024-00112-3. [PMID: 39179741 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The human mammary gland represents a highly organized and dynamic tissue, uniquely characterized by postnatal developmental cycles. During pregnancy and lactation, it undergoes extensive hormone-stimulated architectural remodeling, culminating in the formation of specialized structures for milk production to nourish offspring. Moreover, it carries significant health implications, due to the high prevalence of breast cancer. Therefore, gaining insight into the unique biology of the mammary gland can have implications for managing breast cancer and promoting the well-being of both women and infants. Tissue engineering techniques hold promise to narrow the translational gap between existing breast models and clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the current landscape of breast tissue engineering, outline key requirements, and the challenges to overcome for achieving more predictive human breast models. We propose methods to validate breast function and highlight preclinical applications for improved understanding and targeting of breast cancer. Beyond mammary gland physiology, representative human breast models can offer new insight into stem cell biology and developmental processes that could extend to other organs and clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maj-Britt Buchholz
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Demi I Scheerman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Wehrens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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13
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Ojo BA, Heo L, Fox SR, Waddell A, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Gibson M, Tran T, Dunn AL, Elknawy EIA, Saini N, López-Rivera JA, Divanovic S, de Jesus Perez VA, Rosen MJ. Patient-derived colon epithelial organoids reveal lipid-related metabolic dysfunction in pediatric ulcerative colitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.22.609271. [PMID: 39229116 PMCID: PMC11370613 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.22.609271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with epithelial metabolic derangements which exacerbate gut inflammation. Patient-derived organoids recapitulate complexities of the parent tissue in health and disease; however, whether colon organoids (colonoids) model the metabolic impairments in the pediatric UC epithelium is unclear. Here, we developed colonoid lines from pediatric patients with endoscopically active UC, inactive UC, and those without endoscopic or histologic evidence of colon inflammation (non-IBD controls) to interrogate functional metabolic differences in the colon epithelia. We demonstrate that colonoids from active UC patients exhibit hypermetabolic features and cellular stress, specifically during differentiation. Hypermetabolism in differentiating active UC colonoids was driven, in part, by increased proton leak, and supported by enhanced glycolytic capacity and dysregulated neutral lipid accumulation. Transcriptomic and pathway analyses indicated a role for PPAR-α in lipid-induced hypermetabolism in aUC colonoids, which was validated by PPAR-α activation in non-IBD colonoids. Accordingly, limiting neutral lipid accumulation in active UC colonoids through pharmacological inhibition of PPAR-α induced a metabolic shift towards glucose utilization, suppressed hypermetabolism and chemokine secretion, and improved markers of cellular stress and epithelial differentiation. Taken together, we reveal a role for lipid-related metabolic dysfunction in the pediatric UC epithelium and support the advancement of colonoids as a preclinical human model for testing epithelial-directed therapies against such metabolic dysfunction.
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14
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Okumuş EB, Böke ÖB, Turhan SŞ, Doğan A. From development to future prospects: The adipose tissue & adipose tissue organoids. Life Sci 2024; 351:122758. [PMID: 38823504 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms store their energy in different forms of fats including lipid droplets, triacylglycerols, and steryl esters. In mammals and some non-mammal species, the energy is stored in adipose tissue which is the innervated specialized connective tissue that incorporates a variety of cell types such as macrophages, fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes, blood cells, and several kinds of immune cells. Adipose tissue is so complex that the scope of its function is not only limited to energy storage, it also encompasses to thermogenesis, mechanical support, and immune defense. Since defects and complications in adipose tissue are heavily related to certain chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and cholesterol metabolism defects, it is important to further study adipose tissue to enlighten further mechanisms behind those diseases to develop possible therapeutic approaches. Adipose organoids are accepted as very promising tools for studying fat tissue development and its underlying molecular mechanisms, due to their high recapitulation of the adipose tissue in vitro. These organoids can be either derived using stromal vascular fractions or pluripotent stem cells. Due to their great vascularization capacity and previously reported incontrovertible regulatory role in insulin sensitivity and blood glucose levels, adipose organoids hold great potential to become an excellent candidate for the source of stem cell therapy. In this review, adipose tissue types and their corresponding developmental stages and functions, the importance of adipose organoids, and the potential they hold will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Chen G, Han R, Wang L, Ma W, Zhang W, Lu Z, Wang L. Establishment of patient-derived organoids and a characterization based drug discovery platform for treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 39143546 PMCID: PMC11323579 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) encompasses many different histological and molecular subtypes. It is a major driver of cancer mortality because of poor survival and limited treatment options. Personalised medicine in the form of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represents a promising approach for improving therapeutic outcomes. The goal of this study was to overcome the limitations of current models by ameliorating organoid cultivation. METHODS Organoids derived from cancer tissue were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, mRNA, and whole-exome sequencing. Three representative chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil, docetaxel, and oxaliplatin, were compared for their efficacy against different subtypes of gastric organoids by ATP assay and apoptosis staining. In addition, drug sensitivity screening results from two publicly available databases, the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopaedia, were pooled and applied to organoid lines. Once key targeting genes were confirmed, chemotherapy was used in combination with poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-targeted therapy. RESULTS We successfully constructed GC PDOs surgically resected from GC patient tissue. PDOs closely reflected the histopathological and genomic features of the corresponding primary tumours. Whole-exosome sequencing and mRNA analysis revealed that changes to the original tumour genome were maintained during long-term culture. The drugs caused divergent responses in intestinal, poorly differentiated intestinal, and diffuse gastric cancer organoids, which were confirmed in organoid lines. Poorly differentiated intestinal GC patients benefited from a combination of 5-fluorouracil and veliparib. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that combining chemotherapy with PARP targeting may improve the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
- Translational Medicine Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruidong Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Translational Medicine Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biopharmaceutics, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
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16
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Kong C, Yang M, Yue N, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wei D, Shi R, Yao J, Wang L, Li D. Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5389-5413. [PMID: 39161679 PMCID: PMC11330754 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier maintained by various types of columnar epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between the intestinal contents (such as the intestinal microbiota), the immune system, and other components. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa is a significant pathophysiological mechanism and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapies for IBD primarily focus on suppressing inflammation, and no disease-modifying treatments specifically target the epithelial barrier. Given the side effects associated with chronic immunotherapy, effective alternative therapies that promote mucosal healing are highly attractive. In this review, we examined the function of intestinal epithelial barrier function and the mechanisms of behind its disruption in IBD. We illustrated the complex process of intestinal mucosal healing and proposed therapeutic approaches to promote mucosal healing strategies in IBD. These included the application of stem cell transplantation and organ-like tissue engineering approaches to generate new intestinal tissue. Finally, we discussed potential strategies to restore the function of the intestinal barrier as a treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoru Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Peng J, Cao S, Hu Z, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Sheng X, Cai Z, Bai R, Xiong X, Sheng J. Heterogeneity effects of bisphenol A and its substitute, fluorene-9-bisphenol, on intestinal homeostasis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 191:108948. [PMID: 39167857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitute fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) are used in consumer products; however, their toxic effects on intestinal epithelium remain largely unknown. In this study, we combined intestinal organoids and single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the impact of BPA and BHPF exposure on intestinal cell composition, differentiation, and function. Both compounds inhibited the growth of small intestinal organoids, with BHPF exhibiting a more potent inhibitory effect. BPA and BHPF did not significantly alter the overall cell type composition; however, they led to different alterations in cell-cell communications. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that BPA and BHPF exposures affected various biological processes, such as glutathione transferase activity, antioxidant activity, and lipid metabolism, in cell type-specific and compound-dependent manners. Trajectory analysis demonstrated that BPA and BHPF altered the differentiation trajectory of the intestinal cells. To further connect the cellular mechanism to the phenotypic impact in vivo, we constructed a mouse model exposed to BPA or BHPF and observed significant alterations in intestinal morphology, including reduced crypt depth and villus length and impaired stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. These results provide novel insights into the cell type-specific effects of BPA and BHPF on the intestinal epithelium and highlight the potential risks of exposure to these compounds. Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating the safety of BPA substitutes and contribute to a better understanding of the effects of environmental chemicals on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Peng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengda Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaole Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zuchao Cai
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Rongpan Bai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xushen Xiong
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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18
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Lei T, Fu D, Zhang H. Lipocalin-2 promotes breast cancer brain metastasis by enhancing tumor invasion and modulating brain microenvironment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1448089. [PMID: 39188682 PMCID: PMC11345181 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1448089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cancer diagnosed in women globally, with brain metastasis emerging as a major cause of death, particularly in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. Comprehensive understanding of the molecular foundations of central nervous system metastases is imperative for the evolution of efficacious treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a secreted iron transport protein with multiple functions, has been linked to the progression of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM). In primary tumors, LCN2 promotes the proliferation and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells, triggers the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, interacts with matrix metalloproteinase-9, thereby facilitating the reorganization of the extracellular matrix and enhancing cancer cell invasion and migration. In brain microenvironment, LCN2 undermines the blood-brain barrier and facilitates tumor seeding in the brain by modulating the behavior of key cellular components. In summary, this review meticulously examines the fuel role of LCN2 in BCBM cascade, and investigates the potential mechanisms involved. It highlights the potential of LCN2 as both a therapeutic target and biomarker, indicating that interventions targeting LCN2 may offer improved outcomes for patients afflicted with BCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaogen Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongwei Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Liu Y, Wang C, Chen G, Chen J, Chen W, Lei K, Li J, Pan Y, Li Y, Tang D, Li B, Zhao J, Zeng L. Patient derived cancer organoids model the response to HER2-CD3 bispecific antibody (BsAbHER2) generated from hydroxyapatite gene delivery system. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217043. [PMID: 38876386 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
HER2-positive cancer is a prevalent subtype of malignancy with poor prognosis, yet current targeted therapies, like Trastuzumab and pyrotinib, have resulted in remission in patients with HER2-positive cancer. This study provides a novel approach for immunotherapy based on a hydroxyapatite (HA) gene delivery system producing a bispecific antibody for HER2-positive cancer treatment. An HA nanocarrier has been synthesized by the classical hydrothermal method. Particularly, the HA-nanoneedle system was able to mediate stable gene expression of minicircle DNA (MC) encoding a humanized anti-CD3/anti-HER2 bispecific antibody (BsAbHER2) in vivo. The produced BsAbs exhibited a potent killing effect not only in HER2-positive cancer cells but also in patient-derived organoids in vitro. This HA-nanoneedle gene delivery system features simple large-scale preparation and clinical applicability. Hence, the HA-nanoneedle gene delivery system combined with minicircle DNA vector encoding BsAbHER2 reported here provides a potential immunotherapy strategy for HER2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China; The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guochuang Chen
- Syno Minicircle Biotechnology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Junzong Chen
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jia Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yihang Pan
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - You Li
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Di Tang
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Binbin Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- General Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Leli Zeng
- The Biobank, Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, PR China.
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20
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Su Y, Liu A, Chen H, Chen Q, Zhao B, Gao R, Zhang K, Peng T, Zhang Z, Ouyang C, Zhu D. Research progress of brain organoids in the field of diabetes. Mol Brain 2024; 17:53. [PMID: 39107846 PMCID: PMC11304585 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-024-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells may be used to create 3D tissues called brain organoids. They duplicate the physiological and pathological characteristics of human brain tissue more faithfully in terms of both structure and function, and they more precisely resemble the morphology and cellular structure of the human embryonic brain. This makes them valuable models for both drug screening and in vitro studies on the development of the human brain and associated disorders. The technical breakthroughs enabled by brain organoids have a significant impact on the research of different brain regions, brain development and sickness, the connections between the brain and other tissues and organs, and brain evolution. This article discusses the development of brain organoids, their use in diabetes research, and their progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Phamacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Aimei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Phamacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Runze Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Phamacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Kangwei Zhang
- School of Phamacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Tie Peng
- Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Changhan Ouyang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
- School of Phamacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
| | - Dan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, No.88, Xianning Avenue, Xianan District, Xianning, 437000, Hubei Province, P. R. China.
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Park G, Rim YA, Sohn Y, Nam Y, Ju JH. Replacing Animal Testing with Stem Cell-Organoids : Advantages and Limitations. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1375-1386. [PMID: 38639829 PMCID: PMC11319430 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Various groups including animal protection organizations, medical organizations, research centers, and even federal agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, are working to minimize animal use in scientific experiments. This movement primarily stems from animal welfare and ethical concerns. However, recent advances in technology and new studies in medicine have contributed to an increase in animal experiments throughout the years. With the rapid increase in animal testing, concerns arise including ethical issues, high cost, complex procedures, and potential inaccuracies.Alternative solutions have recently been investigated to address the problems of animal testing. Some of these technologies are related to stem cell technologies, such as organ-on-a-chip, organoids, and induced pluripotent stem cell models. The aim of the review is to focus on stem cell related methodologies, such as organoids, that can serve as an alternative to animal testing and discuss its advantages and limitations, alongside regulatory considerations.Although stem cell related methodologies has shortcomings, it has potential to replace animal testing. Achieving this requires further research on stem cells, with potential societal and technological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyoung Park
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Health & Wellness College, Sungshin Women's University, 55, Dobong-ro 76ga-gil, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 4 3, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeowon Sohn
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yoojun Nam
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- Yipscell Inc, L2 Omnibus Park, Banpo-dearo 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM laboratory, Convergent Research Consortium for Immunologic Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 4 3, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Yipscell Inc, L2 Omnibus Park, Banpo-dearo 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Lee BC. Challenges and innovations in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: exploring bone marrow niches and new model systems. BMB Rep 2024; 57:352-362. [PMID: 38919014 PMCID: PMC11362137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains an indispensable therapeutic strategy for various hematological diseases. This review discusses the pivotal role of bone marrow (BM) niches in influencing the efficacy of HSCT and evaluates the current animal models, emphasizing their limitations and the need for alternative models. Traditional animal models, mainly murine xenograft, have provided significant insights, but due to species-specific differences, are often constrained from accurately mimicking human physiological responses. These limitations highlight the importance of developing alternative models that can more realistically replicate human hematopoiesis. Emerging models that include BM organoids and BM-on-a-chip microfluidic systems promise enhanced understanding of HSCT dynamics. These models aim to provide more accurate simulations of the human BM microenvironment, potentially leading to improved preclinical assessments and therapeutic outcomes. This review highlights the complexities of the BM niche, discusses the limitations of current models, and suggests directions for future research using advanced model systems. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(8): 352-362].
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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23
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Lou Y, Ma J, Hu Y, Yao X, Liu Y, Wu M, Jia G, Chen Y, Chai R, Xia M, Li W. Integration of Functional Human Auditory Neural Circuits Based on a 3D Carbon Nanotube System. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309617. [PMID: 38889308 PMCID: PMC11348147 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The physiological interactions between the peripheral and central auditory systems are crucial for auditory information transmission and perception, while reliable models for auditory neural circuits are currently lacking. To address this issue, mouse and human neural pathways are generated by utilizing a carbon nanotube nanofiber system. The super-aligned pattern of the scaffold renders the axons of the bipolar and multipolar neurons extending in a parallel direction. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the scaffold maintains the electrophysiological activity of the primary mouse auditory neurons. The mouse and human primary neurons from peripheral and central auditory units in the system are then co-cultured and showed that the two kinds of neurons form synaptic connections. Moreover, neural progenitor cells of the cochlea and auditory cortex are derived from human embryos to generate region-specific organoids and these organoids are assembled in the nanofiber-combined 3D system. Using optogenetic stimulation, calcium imaging, and electrophysiological recording, it is revealed that functional synaptic connections are formed between peripheral neurons and central neurons, as evidenced by calcium spiking and postsynaptic currents. The auditory circuit model will enable the study of the auditory neural pathway and advance the search for treatment strategies for disorders of neuronal connectivity in sensorineural hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Jiaoyao Ma
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Xiaoying Yao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Yaoqian Liu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Mingxuan Wu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Gaogan Jia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical EngineeringDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High‐Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjing210096China
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226001China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai200031China
- The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200032China
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24
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Mainali BB, Yoo JJ, Ladd MR. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches in colorectal surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:336-349. [PMID: 39228197 PMCID: PMC11375227 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2024.00437.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an emerging field that has provided new therapeutic opportunities by delivering innovative solutions. The development of nontraditional therapies for previously unsolvable diseases and conditions has brought hope and excitement to countless individuals globally. Many regenerative medicine therapies have been developed and delivered to patients clinically. The technology platforms developed in regenerative medicine have been expanded to various medical areas; however, their applications in colorectal surgery remain limited. Applying TERM technologies to engineer biological tissue and organ substitutes may address the current therapeutic challenges and overcome some complications in colorectal surgery, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, short bowel syndrome, and diseases of motility and neuromuscular function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TERM applications in colorectal surgery, highlighting the current state of the art, including preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges, and future perspectives. This article synthesizes the latest findings, providing a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers aiming to integrate TERM into colorectal surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan B Mainali
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell R Ladd
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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25
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Liu H, Gan Z, Qin X, Wang Y, Qin J. Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302686. [PMID: 38134345 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high-throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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26
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Gao J, Gunasekar S, Xia ZJ, Shalin K, Jiang C, Chen H, Lee D, Lee S, Pisal ND, Luo JN, Griciuc A, Karp JM, Tanzi R, Joshi N. Gene therapy for CNS disorders: modalities, delivery and translational challenges. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:553-572. [PMID: 38898231 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00829-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is emerging as a powerful tool to modulate abnormal gene expression, a hallmark of most CNS disorders. The transformative potentials of recently approved gene therapies for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and active cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy are encouraging further development of this approach. However, most attempts to translate gene therapy to the clinic have failed to make it to market. There is an urgent need not only to tailor the genes that are targeted to the pathology of interest but to also address delivery challenges and thereby maximize the utility of genetic tools. In this Review, we provide an overview of gene therapy modalities for CNS diseases, emphasizing the interconnectedness of different delivery strategies and routes of administration. Important gaps in understanding that could accelerate the clinical translatability of CNS genetic interventions are addressed, and we present lessons learned from failed clinical trials that may guide the future development of gene therapies for the treatment and management of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Center for Bioactive Delivery, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Swetharajan Gunasekar
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziting Judy Xia
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kiruba Shalin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Dongtak Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sohyung Lee
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishkal D Pisal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - James N Luo
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Griciuc
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Karp
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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27
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Patel D, Shetty S, Acha C, Pantoja IEM, Zhao A, George D, Gracias DH. Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302456. [PMID: 38217546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids are three-dimensional aggregates of self-organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three-dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two-dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid-machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast-scan optical techniques, buckling and self-folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two-way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Saniya Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alice Zhao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Derosh George
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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28
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Clancy CE, Santana LF. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes: technological breakthroughs, key discoveries and new applications. J Physiol 2024; 602:3871-3892. [PMID: 39032073 PMCID: PMC11326976 DOI: 10.1113/jp282562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A transformation is underway in precision and patient-specific medicine. Rapid progress has been enabled by multiple new technologies including induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CMs). Here, we delve into these advancements and their future promise, focusing on the efficiency of reprogramming techniques, the fidelity of differentiation into the cardiac lineage, the functional characterization of the resulting cardiac myocytes, and the many applications of in silico models to understand general and patient-specific mechanisms controlling excitation-contraction coupling in health and disease. Furthermore, we explore the current and potential applications of iPSC-CMs in both research and clinical settings, underscoring the far-reaching implications of this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Data Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Data Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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29
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Yang T, Wang W, Xie L, Chen S, Ye X, Shen S, Chen H, Qi L, Cui Z, Xiong W, Guo Y, Chen J. Investigating retinal explant models cultured in static and perfused systems to test the performance of exosomes secreted from retinal organoids. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 408:110181. [PMID: 38823594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ex vivo cultures of retinal explants are appropriate models for translational research. However, one of the difficult problems of retinal explants ex vivo culture is that their nutrient supply needs cannot be constantly met. NEW METHOD This study evaluated the effect of perfused culture on the survival of retinal explants, addressing the challenge of insufficient nutrition in static culture. Furthermore, exosomes secreted from retinal organoids (RO-Exos) were stained with PKH26 to track their uptake in retinal explants to mimic the efficacy of exosomal drugs in vivo. RESULTS We found that the retinal explants cultured with perfusion exhibited significantly higher viability, increased NeuN+ cells, and reduced apoptosis compared to the static culture group at Days Ex Vivo (DEV) 4, 7, and 14. The perfusion-cultured retinal explants exhibited reduced mRNA markers for gliosis and microglial activation, along with lower expression of GFAP and Iba1, as revealed by immunostaining. Additionally, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that perfusion culture mainly upregulated genes associated with visual perception and photoreceptor cell maintenance while downregulating the immune system process and immune response. RO-Exos promoted the uptake of PKH26-labelled exosomes and the growth of retinal explants in perfusion culture. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our perfusion culture system can provide a continuous supply of culture medium to achieve steady-state equilibrium in retinal explant culture. Compared to traditional static culture, it better preserves the vitality, provides better neuroprotection, and reduces glial activation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a promising ex vivo model for further studies on degenerative retinal diseases and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Zekai Cui
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiansu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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30
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Deng ZM, Dai FF, Wang RQ, Deng HB, Yin TL, Cheng YX, Chen GT. Organ-on-a-chip: future of female reproductive pathophysiological models. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:455. [PMID: 39085921 PMCID: PMC11290169 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The female reproductive system comprises the internal and external genitalia, which communicate through intricate endocrine pathways. Besides secreting hormones that maintain the female secondary sexual characteristics, it also produces follicles and offspring. However, the in vitro systems have been very limited in recapitulating the specific anatomy and pathophysiology of women. Organ-on-a-chip technology, based on microfluidics, can better simulate the cellular microenvironment in vivo, opening a new field for the basic and clinical research of female reproductive system diseases. This technology can not only reconstruct the organ structure but also emulate the organ function as much as possible. The precisely controlled fluidic microenvironment provided by microfluidics vividly mimics the complex endocrine hormone crosstalk among various organs of the female reproductive system, making it a powerful preclinical tool and the future of pathophysiological models of the female reproductive system. Here, we review the research on the application of organ-on-a-chip platforms in the female reproductive systems, focusing on the latest progress in developing models that reproduce the physiological functions or disease features of female reproductive organs and tissues, and highlighting the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Deng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Rui-Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Hong-Bing Deng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Tai-Lang Yin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China.
| | - Yan-Xiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China.
| | - Gan-Tao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China.
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31
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Gulino ME, Ordóñez-Morán P, Mahida YR. Establishment of a 3D organoid culture model for the investigation of adult slow-cycling putative intestinal stem cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02312-x. [PMID: 39073425 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The study of intestinal stem cells is a prerequisite for the development of therapies aimed at regenerating the gut. To enable investigation of adult slow-cycling H2B-GFP-retaining putative small intestinal (SI) stem cells in vitro, we have developed a three-dimensional (3D) SI organoid culture model based on the Tet-Op histone 2 B (H2B)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein (Tet-Op-H2B-GFP) transgenic mouse. SI crypts were isolated from 6- to 12-week-old Tet-Op-H2B-GFP transgenic mice and cultured with appropriate growth factors and an animal-derived matrix (Matrigel). For in vitro transgene expression, doxycycline was added to the culture medium for 24 h. By pulse-chase experiments, H2B-GFP expression and retention were assessed through direct GFP fluorescence observations, both by confocal and fluorescence microscopy and by immunohistochemistry. The percentages of H2B-GFP-retaining putative SI stem cells and H2B-GFP-retaining Paneth cells persisting in organoids were determined by scoring relevant GFP-positive cells. Our results indicate that 24 h exposure to doxycycline (pulse) induced ubiquitous expression of H2B-GFP in the SI organoids. During subsequent culture, in the absence of doxycycline (chase), there was a gradual loss (due to cell division) of H2B-GFP. At 6-day chase, slow-cycling H2B-GFP-retaining putative SI stem cells and H2B-GFP-retaining Paneth cells were detected in the SI organoids. The developed culture model allows detection of slow-cycling H2B-GFP-retaining putative SI stem cells and will enable the study of self-renewal and regeneration for further characterization of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Gulino
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Paloma Ordóñez-Morán
- Translational Medical Sciences Unit, School of Medicine, Centre for Cancer Sciences, Biodiscovery Institute-3, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Yashwant R Mahida
- Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Li Z, Wu W, Li Q, Heng X, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Chen L, Chen Z, Shen M, Ma N, Xiao Q, Yan Y. BCL6B-dependent suppression of ETV2 hampers endothelial cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:226. [PMID: 39075623 PMCID: PMC11287929 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 member B (BCL6B) operates as a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor within the nucleus, playing crucial roles in various biological functions, including tumor suppression, immune response, stem cell self-renew, and vascular angiogenesis. However, whether BCL6B is involved in endothelial cell (EC) development has remained largely unknown. ETS variant transcription factor 2 (ETV2) is well known to facilitate EC differentiation. This study aims to determine the important role of BCL6B in EC differentiation and its potential mechanisms. METHODS Doxycycline-inducible human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines with BCL6B overexpression or BCL6B knockdown were established and subjected to differentiate into ECs and vessel organoids (VOs). RNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify potential signal pathways regulated by BCL6B during EC differentiation from hiPSCs. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of pluripotency and vascular-specific marker genes expression. EC differentiation efficiency was determined by Flow cytometry analysis. The performance of EC was evaluated by in vitro Tube formation assay. The protein expression and the vessel-like structures were assessed using immunofluorescence analysis or western blot. Luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR analysis were used to determine the regulatory relationship between BCL6B and ETV2. RESULTS Functional ECs and VOs were successfully generated from hiPSCs. Notably, overexpression of BCL6B suppressed while knockdown of BCL6B improved EC differentiation from hiPSCs. Additionally, the overexpression of BCL6B attenuated the capacity of derived hiPSC-ECs to form a tubular structure. Furthermore, compared to the control VOs, BCL6B overexpression repressed the growth of VOs, whereas BCL6B knockdown had little effect on the size of VOs. RNA sequencing analysis confirmed that our differentiation protocol induced landscape changes for cell/tissue/system developmental process, particularly vascular development and tube morphogenesis, which were significantly modulated by BCL6B. Subsequent experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of BCL6B is facilitated by the binding of BCL6B to the promoter region of ETV2, led to the suppression of ETV2's transcriptional activity. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of BCL6B overexpression on EC differentiation from hiPSCs could be rescued by ETV2 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS BCL6B inhibits EC differentiation and hinders VO development by repressing the transcriptional activity of ETV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Xin Heng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yinghong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Mengcheng Shen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, 94305, USA
| | - Ning Ma
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Guangzhou Municipal, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center for Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing Technologies, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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van der Graaff D, Seghers S, Vanclooster P, Deben C, Vandamme T, Prenen H. Advancements in Research and Treatment Applications of Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2671. [PMID: 39123399 PMCID: PMC11311786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health burden globally, being the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite significant therapeutic advancements, resistance to systemic antineoplastic agents remains an important obstacle, highlighting the need for innovative screening tools to tailor patient-specific treatment. This review explores the application of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs), three-dimensional, self-organizing models derived from patient tumor samples, as screening tools for drug resistance in CRC. PDTOs offer unique advantages over traditional models by recapitulating the tumor architecture, cellular heterogeneity, and genomic landscape and are a valuable ex vivo predictive drug screening tool. This review provides an overview of the current literature surrounding the use of PDTOs as an instrument for predicting therapy responses in CRC. We also explore more complex models, such as co-cultures with important stromal cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, and organ-on-a-chip models. Furthermore, we discuss the use of PDTOs for drug repurposing, offering a new approach to identify the existing drugs effective against drug-resistant CRC. Additionally, we explore how PDTOs serve as models to gain insights into drug resistance mechanisms, using newer techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Through this review, we aim to highlight the potential of PDTOs in advancing our understanding of predicting therapy responses, drug resistance, and biomarker identification in CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Seghers
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Timon Vandamme
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Li K, Gu L, Cai H, Lu HC, Mackie K, Guo F. Human brain organoids for understanding substance use disorders. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 58:101031. [PMID: 39146603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2024.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are complex mental health conditions involving a problematic pattern of substance use. Challenges remain in understanding their neural mechanisms, which are likely to lead to improved SUD treatments. Human brain organoids, brain-like 3D in vitro cultures derived from human stem cells, show unique potential in recapitulating the response of a developing human brain to substances. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding SUDs using human brain organoid models focusing on neurodevelopmental perspectives. We first summarize the background of SUDs in humans. Moreover, we introduce the development of various human brain organoid models and then discuss current progress and findings underlying the abuse of substances like nicotine, alcohol, and other addictive drugs using organoid models. Furthermore, we review efforts to develop organ chips and microphysiological systems to engineer better human brain organoids for advancing SUD studies. Lastly, we conclude by elaborating on the current challenges and future directions of SUD studies using human brain organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Li
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Longjun Gu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States.
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35
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Zhou H, Ye P, Xiong W, Duan X, Jing S, He Y, Zeng Z, Wei Y, Ye Q. Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screening in stem cells: theories, applications and challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:218. [PMID: 39026343 PMCID: PMC11264826 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of stem cell technology, there have been tremendous advances in molecular biological and pathological research, cell therapy as well as organoid technologies over the past decades. Advances in genome editing technology, particularly the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-related protein 9 (Cas9), have further facilitated the rapid development of stem cell researches. The CRISPR-Cas9 technology now goes beyond creating single gene editing to enable the inhibition or activation of endogenous gene loci by fusing inhibitory (CRISPRi) or activating (CRISPRa) domains with deactivated Cas9 proteins (dCas9). These tools have been utilized in genome-scale CRISPRi/a screen to recognize hereditary modifiers that are synergistic or opposing to malady mutations in an orderly and fair manner, thereby identifying illness mechanisms and discovering novel restorative targets to accelerate medicinal discovery investigation. However, the application of this technique is still relatively rare in stem cell research. There are numerous specialized challenges in applying large-scale useful genomics approaches to differentiated stem cell populations. Here, we present the first comprehensive review on CRISPR-based functional genomics screening in the field of stem cells, as well as practical considerations implemented in a range of scenarios, and exploration of the insights of CRISPR-based screen into cell fates, disease mechanisms and cell treatments in stem cell models. This review will broadly benefit scientists, engineers and medical practitioners in the areas of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxiang Duan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuili Jing
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430064, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine and Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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Czpakowska J, Kałuża M, Szpakowski P, Głąbiński A. An Overview of Multiple Sclerosis In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7759. [PMID: 39063001 PMCID: PMC11276743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) still poses a challenge in terms of complex etiology, not fully effective methods of treatment, and lack of healing agents. This neurodegenerative condition considerably affects the comfort of life by causing difficulties with movement and worsening cognition. Neuron, astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendrocyte activity is engaged in multiple pathogenic processes associated with MS. These cells are also utilized in creating in vitro cellular models for investigations focusing on MS. In this article, we present and discuss a summary of different in vitro models useful for MS research and describe their development. We discuss cellular models derived from animals or humans and present in the form of primary cell lines or immortalized cell lines. In addition, we characterize cell cultures developed from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Culture conditions (2D and 3D cultures) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (M.K.)
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da Silva Feltran G, Augusto da Silva R, da Costa Fernandes CJ, Ferreira MR, Dos Santos SAA, Justulin Junior LA, Del Valle Sosa L, Zambuzzi WF. Vascular smooth muscle cells exhibit elevated hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α expression in human blood vessel organoids, influencing osteogenic performance. Exp Cell Res 2024; 440:114136. [PMID: 38909881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Considering the importance of alternative methodologies to animal experimentation, we propose an organoid-based biological model for in vitro blood vessel generation, achieved through co-culturing endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Initially, the organoids underwent comprehensive characterization, revealing VSMCs (α-SMA + cells) at the periphery and endothelial cells (CD31+ cells) at the core. Additionally, ephrin B2 and ephrin B4, genes implicated in arterial and venous formation respectively, were used to validate the obtained organoid. Moreover, the data indicates exclusive HIF-1α expression in VSMCs, identified through various methodologies. Subsequently, we tested the hypothesis that the generated blood vessels have the capacity to modulate the osteogenic phenotype, demonstrating the ability of HIF-1α to promote osteogenic signals, primarily by influencing Runx2 expression. Overall, this study underscores that the methodology employed to create blood vessel organoids establishes an experimental framework capable of producing a 3D culture model of both venous and arterial endothelial tissues. This model effectively guides morphogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells through paracrine signaling, ultimately leading to an osteogenic acquisition phenotype, with the dynamic involvement of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geórgia da Silva Feltran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- CEEpiRG, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University - UNIP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Antônio Justulin Junior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Del Valle Sosa
- Electron Microscopy Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Willian Fernando Zambuzzi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil.
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Zhao B, Yao L, Hatami M, Ma W, Skutella T. Vaccine-based immunotherapy and related preclinical models for glioma. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00167-9. [PMID: 39013724 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), lacks effective treatments, and >60% of cases are glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form. Despite advances in immunotherapy, GBM remains highly resistant. Approaches that target tumor antigens expedite the development of immunotherapies, including personalized tumor-specific vaccines, patient-specific target selection, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR) T cells. Recent studies show promising results in treating GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG), fostering hope for future immunotherapy. This review discusses tumor vaccines against glioma, preclinical models in immunological research, and the role of CD4+ T cells in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. We also summarize clinical approaches, challenges, and future research for creating more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) for Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Longping Yao
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maryam Hatami
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Bui BN, Ardisasmita AI, van de Vliert FH, Abendroth MS, van Hoesel M, Mackens S, Fuchs SA, Nieuwenhuis EES, Broekmans FJM, Steba GS. Enrichment of cell cycle pathways in progesterone-treated endometrial organoids of infertile women compared to fertile women. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03173-y. [PMID: 38995509 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the transcriptome profile differs between progesterone-treated infertile and fertile endometrial organoids. METHODS Endometrial biopsies were obtained from 14 infertile and seven fertile women, after which organoids were generated from isolated epithelial cells. To mimic the secretory phase, organoids were sequentially treated with 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) and subjected to RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2 (lfcThreshold = 0, log2 Fold Change ≥ 1.0 or ≤ -1.0), and a principal component analysis (PCA) plot was generated. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by overrepresentation analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). To functionally assess proliferation, OrganoSeg surface measurements were performed before (T0) and after (T1) differentiation of organoids, and T1/T0 ratios were calculated to determine the proliferation rate. RESULTS Although the PCA plot did not show clear clustering of the fertile and infertile samples, 363 significant DEGs (129 upregulated and 234 downregulated) were detected in infertile compared to fertile organoids. Mainly cell cycle processes were highly enriched in infertile organoids. Thus, we hypothesised that proliferative activity during differentiation may be higher in infertile organoids compared to fertile organoids. However, this could not be validated by cell surface measurements. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that cell cycle processes were enriched in E2/P4-treated infertile endometrial organoids as compared to fertile organoids. This could reflect persistently higher proliferative activity of the endometrial epithelial cells in differentiated infertile organoids compared to fertile organoids. To confirm this hypothesis, further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Bui
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - A I Ardisasmita
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F H van de Vliert
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M S Abendroth
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Hoesel
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Mackens
- Brussels IVF, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S A Fuchs
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E E S Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Science, University College Roosevelt, Lange Noordstraat 1, 4331 CB, Middelburg, The Netherlands
| | - F J M Broekmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Infertility Care, Dijklander Ziekenhuis, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - G S Steba
- Department of Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Celotti M, Derks LLM, van Es J, van Boxtel R, Clevers H, Geurts MH. Protocol to create isogenic disease models from adult stem cell-derived organoids using next-generation CRISPR tools. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:103189. [PMID: 39003744 PMCID: PMC11298932 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.103189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Isogenic disease models, such as genetically engineered organoids, provide insight into the impact of genetic variants on organ function. Here, we present a protocol to create isogenic disease models from adult stem cell-derived organoids using next-generation CRISPR tools. We describe steps for single guide RNA (sgRNA) design and cloning, electroporation, and selecting electroporated cells. We then detail procedures for clonal line generation. Next-generation CRISPR tools do not require double-stranded break (DSB) induction for their function, thus simplifying in vitro disease model generation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Geurts et al.1,2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Celotti
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lucca L M Derks
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben van Boxtel
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten H Geurts
- Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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41
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Michór P, Renardson L, Li S, Boltze J. Neurorestorative Approaches for Ischemic StrokeChallenges, Opportunities, and Recent Advances. Neuroscience 2024; 550:69-78. [PMID: 38763225 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in acute stroke management, most patients experiencing a stroke will suffer from residual brain damage and functional impairment. Addressing those residual deficits would require neurorestoration, i.e., rebuilding brain tissue to repair the structural brain damage caused by stroke. However, there are major pathobiological, anatomical and technological hurdles making neurorestorative approaches remarkably challenging, and true neurorestoration after larger ischemic lesions could not yet be achieved. On the other hand, there has been steady advancement in our understanding of the limits of tissue regeneration in the adult mammalian brain as well as of the fundamental organization of brain tissue growth during embryo- and ontogenesis. This has been paralleled by the development of novel animal models to study stroke, advancement of biomaterials that can be used to support neurorestoration, and in stem cell technologies. This review gives a detailed explanation of the major hurdles so far preventing the achievement of neurorestoration after stroke. It will also describe novel concepts and advancements in biomaterial science, brain organoid culturing, and animal modeling that may enable the investigation of post-stroke neurorestorative approaches in translationally relevant setups. Finally, there will be a review of recent achievements in experimental studies that have the potential to be the starting point of research and development activities that may eventually bring post-stroke neurorestoration within reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Michór
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Renardson
- University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- University of Warwick, School of Life Sciences, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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42
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Alfituri OA, Blake R, Jensen K, Mabbott NA, Hope J, Stevens JM. Differential role of M cells in enteroid infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1416537. [PMID: 39040600 PMCID: PMC11260670 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1416537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection of ruminants such as cattle with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease, a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the small intestine and diarrhoea. Infection with MAP is acquired via the faecal-to-oral route and the pathogen initially invades the epithelial lining of the small intestine. In this study we used an in vitro 3D mouse enteroid model to determine the influence of M cells in infection of the gut epithelia by MAP, in comparison with another bacterial intestinal pathogen of veterinary importance, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The differentiation of M cells in the enteroid cultures was induced by stimulation with the cytokine receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and the effects on MAP and Salmonella uptake and intracellular survival were determined. The presence of M cells in the cultures correlated with increased uptake and intracellular survival of Salmonella, but had no effect on MAP. Interestingly neither pathogen was observed to preferentially accumulate within GP2-positive M cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joanne M. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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43
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Valenti A, Falcone I, Valenti F, Ricciardi E, Di Martino S, Maccallini MT, Cerro M, Desiderio F, Miseo L, Russillo M, Guerrisi A. Biobanks as an Indispensable Tool in the "Era" of Precision Medicine: Key Role in the Management of Complex Diseases, Such as Melanoma. J Pers Med 2024; 14:731. [PMID: 39063985 PMCID: PMC11278009 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14070731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, medicine has undergone profound changes, strongly entering a new phase defined as the "era of precision medicine". In this context, patient clinical management involves various scientific approaches that allow for a comprehensive pathology evaluation: from preventive processes (where applicable) to genetic and diagnostic studies. In this scenario, biobanks play an important role and, over the years, have gained increasing prestige, moving from small deposits to large collections of samples of various natures. Disease-oriented biobanks are rapidly developing as they provide useful information for the management of complex diseases, such as melanoma. Indeed, melanoma, given its highly heterogeneous characteristics, is one of the oncologic diseases with the greatest clinical and therapeutic management complexity. So, the possibility of extrapolating tissue, genetic and imaging data from dedicated biobanks could result in more selective study approaches. In this review, we specifically analyze the several biobank types to evaluate their role in technology development, patient monitoring and research of new biomarkers, especially in the melanoma context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Valenti
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Italia Falcone
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Valenti
- UOC Oncological Translational Research, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ricciardi
- UOC Oncological Translational Research, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.V.); (E.R.)
| | - Simona Di Martino
- UOC Pathology Unit, Biobank IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Maccallini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Università La Sapienza di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.T.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Marianna Cerro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Università La Sapienza di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.T.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Flora Desiderio
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Ludovica Miseo
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Michelangelo Russillo
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonino Guerrisi
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical and Dermatological Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (L.M.); (A.G.)
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44
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Rossi S, Richards EL, Orozco G, Eyre S. Functional Genomics in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7349. [PMID: 39000456 PMCID: PMC11242296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an autoimmune cutaneous condition that significantly impacts quality of life and represents a burden on society due to its prevalence. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have pinpointed several psoriasis-related risk loci, underlining the disease's complexity. Functional genomics is paramount to unveiling the role of such loci in psoriasis and disentangling its complex nature. In this review, we aim to elucidate the main findings in this field and integrate our discussion with gold-standard techniques in molecular biology-i.e., Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-and high-throughput technologies. These tools are vital to understanding how disease risk loci affect gene expression in psoriasis, which is crucial in identifying new targets for personalized treatments in advanced precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen Eyre
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.R.); (E.L.R.); (G.O.)
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45
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Wan X, Gu J, Zhou X, Le Q, Wang J, Xin C, Chen Z, He Y, Hong J. Establishment of human corneal epithelial organoids for ex vivo modelling dry eye disease. Cell Prolif 2024:e13704. [PMID: 38961590 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a growing public health concern affecting millions of people worldwide and causing ocular discomfort and visual disturbance. Developing its therapeutic drugs based on animal models suffer from interspecies differences and poor prediction of human trials. Here, we established long-term 3D human corneal epithelial organoids, which recapitulated the cell lineages and gene expression signature of the human corneal epithelium. Organoids can be regulated to differentiate ex vivo, but the addition of FGF10 inhibits this process. In the hyperosmolar-induced DED organoid model, the release of inflammatory factors increased, resulting in damage to the stemness of stem cells and a decrease in functional mucin 1 protein. Furthermore, we found that the organoids could mimic clinical drug treatment responses, suggesting that corneal epithelial organoids are promising candidates for establishing a drug testing platform ex vivo. In summary, we established a functional, long-term 3D human epithelial organoid that may serve as an ex vivo model for studying the functional regulation and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xujiao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - ChangChang Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao He
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Immunology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Pediatric Medical Center of China, Shanghai, China
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46
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Lorenzo-Martín LF, Broguiere N, Langer J, Tillard L, Nikolaev M, Coukos G, Homicsko K, Lutolf MP. Patient-derived mini-colons enable long-term modeling of tumor-microenvironment complexity. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02301-4. [PMID: 38956326 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Existing organoid models fall short of fully capturing the complexity of cancer because they lack sufficient multicellular diversity, tissue-level organization, biological durability and experimental flexibility. Thus, many multifactorial cancer processes, especially those involving the tumor microenvironment, are difficult to study ex vivo. To overcome these limitations, we herein implemented tissue-engineering and microfabrication technologies to develop topobiologically complex, patient-specific cancer avatars. Focusing on colorectal cancer, we generated miniature tissues consisting of long-lived gut-shaped human colon epithelia ('mini-colons') that stably integrate cancer cells and their native tumor microenvironment in a format optimized for real-time, high-resolution evaluation of cellular dynamics. We demonstrate the potential of this system through several applications: a comprehensive evaluation of drug effectivity, toxicity and resistance in anticancer therapies; the discovery of a mechanism triggered by cancer-associated fibroblasts that drives cancer invasion; and the identification of immunomodulatory interactions among different components of the tumor microenvironment. Similar approaches should be feasible for diverse tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Francisco Lorenzo-Martín
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Broguiere
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Langer
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Tillard
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikhail Nikolaev
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute Branch at the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Translational Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Krisztian Homicsko
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute Branch at the University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Leman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Agora Translational Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
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47
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Muthuswamy SK, Brugge JS. Organoid Cultures for the Study of Mammary Biology and Breast Cancer: The Promise and Challenges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041661. [PMID: 38110241 PMCID: PMC11216180 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, biomedical research has experienced a resurgence in the use of three-dimensional culture models for studies of normal and cancer biology. This resurgence has been driven by the development of models in which primary cells are grown in tissue-mimicking media and extracellular matrices to create organoid or organotypic cultures that more faithfully replicate the complex architecture and physiology of normal tissues and tumors. In addition, patient-derived tumor organoids preserve the three-dimensional organization and characteristics of the patient tumors ex vivo, becoming excellent preclinical models to supplement studies of tumor xenografts transplanted into immunocompromised mice. In this perspective, we provide an overview of how organoids are being used to investigate normal mammary biology and as preclinical models of breast cancer and discuss improvements that would enhance their utility and relevance to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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48
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Almeida-Pinto J, Moura BS, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Advances in Cell-Rich Inks for Biofabricating Living Architectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313776. [PMID: 38639337 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Advancing biofabrication toward manufacturing living constructs with well-defined architectures and increasingly biologically relevant cell densities is highly desired to mimic the biofunctionality of native human tissues. The formulation of tissue-like, cell-dense inks for biofabrication remains, however, challenging at various levels of the bioprinting process. Promising advances have been made toward this goal, achieving relatively high cell densities that surpass those found in conventional platforms, pushing the current boundaries closer to achieving tissue-like cell densities. On this focus, herein the overarching challenges in the bioprocessing of cell-rich living inks into clinically grade engineered tissues are discussed, as well as the most recent advances in cell-rich living ink formulations and their processing technologies are highlighted. Additionally, an overview of the foreseen developments in the field is provided and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Almeida-Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Beatriz S Moura
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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49
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Yamaguchi A, Hashimoto Y, Negishi J. Fabrication of a cell culture scaffold that mimics the composition and structure of bone marrow extracellular matrix. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 138:83-88. [PMID: 38643031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture models that mimic tissue environments are useful for cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) function analysis. Decellularized tissues with tissue-specific ECM are expected to be applied as cell culture scaffolds, however, it is often difficult for seeded cells to permeate their structures. In this study, we evaluated the adhesion and proliferation of mouse fibroblasts seeded onto decellularized bone marrow scaffolds that we fabricated from adult and fetal porcine. Decellularized fetal bone marrow displays more cell attachment and faster cell proliferation than decellularized adult bone marrow. Our findings suggest that decellularized fetal bone marrow is useful as a cell culture scaffold with bone marrow ECM and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Yamaguchi
- Department of Textile Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Hashimoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-006, Japan
| | - Jun Negishi
- Department of Textile Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan; Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-006, Japan.
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50
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Bae SJ, Choi SH, Im DJ. 3D Cell Culture Method in Channel-Free Water-in-Oil Droplets. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301145. [PMID: 38239079 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
A new channel-free water-in-oil (WO) droplet 3D cell culture method is proposed to address the challenges while maintaining the advantages of the conventional 3D cell culture methods. The proposed WO method can fundamentally solve the constraint of spheroids size, a common challenge in conventional 3D culture, by using droplet size controllability. The 3D cell culture performance of the WO method is verified by comparing it with the conventional 3D cell culture methods. A systematic investigation of the culture conditions of the WO method confirms the working range of cell concentration and droplet size, as well as the scalability of spheroid size. Adjusting droplet size and cell concentration enables rapid spheroid formation with large and high cell concentration droplets or fast spheroid growth with small and low cell concentration droplets, providing control over the spheroid size and growth rate according to the purpose. Furthermore, long-term culture is demonstrated for 1 month with the proposed method, showing the largest spheroid culture and demonstrating the possibility that this method can be used not only for spheroid formation but also for organoid studies. Finally, if a WO-based automated 3D cell culture system is developed, it will be a useful tool for organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Seung Hui Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, 48513, South Korea
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