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He Y, Mohapatra G, Asokan S, Nobs SP, Elinav E. Microbiome modulation of antigen presentation in tolerance and inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 91:102471. [PMID: 39277909 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome regulates mammalian immune responses from early life to adulthood. Antigen presentation, orchestrating these responses, integrates commensal and pathogenic signals. However, the temporal and spatial specificity of microbiome impacts on antigen presentation and downstream tolerance versus inflammation remain incompletely understood. Herein, we review the influences of antigen presentation of microbiome-related epitopes on immunity; impacts of microbiome-based modulation of antigen presentation on innate and adaptive immune responses; and their ramifications on homeostasis and immune-related disease, ranging from auto-inflammation to tumorigenesis. We highlight mechanisms driving these influences, such as 'molecular mimicry', in which microbiome auto-antigen presentation aberrantly triggers an immune response driving autoimmunity or influences conferred by microbiome-derived metabolites on antigen-presenting cells in inflammatory bowel disease. We discuss unknowns, controversies, and challenges associated with the study of microbiome regulation of antigen presentation while demonstrating how increasing knowledge may contribute to the development of microbiome-based therapeutics modulating immune responses in a variety of clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming He
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gayatree Mohapatra
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sahana Asokan
- Microbiome & Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Philip Nobs
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Eran Elinav
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Microbiome & Cancer Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Wang Q, Wu Y, Lu Q, Zhao M. Contribution of gut-derived T cells to extraintestinal autoimmune diseases. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:639-648. [PMID: 39181734 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors abundant T cells with high motility, where these cells can affect both intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Growing evidence shows that gut-derived T cells migrate to extraintestinal organs, contributing to the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D) and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, three key questions require further elucidation. First, how do intestinal T cells egress from the intestine? Second, how do gut-derived T cells enter organs outside the gut? Third, what is the pathogenicity of gut-derived T cells and their correlation with the gut microenvironment? In this Opinion, we propose answers to these questions. Understanding the migration and functional regulation of gut-derived T cells might inform precise targeting for achieving safe and effective approaches to treat certain extraintestinal autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolin Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
| | - Ming Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, 210042, China; Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, Changsha, China.
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3
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Zhou Y, Zhang D, Cheng H, Wu J, Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1389925. [PMID: 39027133 PMCID: PMC11254640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1389925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut barrier is not only part of the digestive organ but also an important immunological organ for the hosts. The disruption of gut barrier can lead to various diseases such as obesity and colitis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained much attention for its rich clinical experiences enriched in thousands of years. After orally taken, TCM can interplay with gut microbiota. On one hand, TCM can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. The gut microbiota metabolites produced during the actions of these interplays exert noticeable pharmacological effects on the host especially gut barrier. Recently, a large number of studies have investigated the repairing and fortifying effects of TCM on gut barriers from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, no review has summarized the mechanism behand this beneficiary effects of TCM. In this review, we first briefly introduce the unique structure and specific function of gut barrier. Then, we summarize the interactions and relationship amidst gut microbiota, gut microbiota metabolites and TCM. Further, we summarize the regulative effects and mechanisms of TCM on gut barrier including physical barrier, chemical barrier, immunological barrier, and microbial barrier. At last, we discuss the effects of TCM on diseases that are associated gut barrier destruction such as ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes. Our review can provide insights into TCM, gut barrier and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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4
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Herold KC, Delong T, Perdigoto AL, Biru N, Brusko TM, Walker LSK. The immunology of type 1 diabetes. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:435-451. [PMID: 38308004 PMCID: PMC7616056 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Following the seminal discovery of insulin a century ago, treatment of individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been largely restricted to efforts to monitor and treat metabolic glucose dysregulation. The recent regulatory approval of the first immunotherapy that targets T cells as a means to delay the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells highlights the critical role of the immune system in disease pathogenesis and tends to pave the way for other immune-targeted interventions for T1D. Improving the efficacy of such interventions across the natural history of the disease will probably require a more detailed understanding of the immunobiology of T1D, as well as technologies to monitor residual β-cell mass and function. Here we provide an overview of the immune mechanisms that underpin the pathogenesis of T1D, with a particular emphasis on T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevan C Herold
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Thomas Delong
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ana Luisa Perdigoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noah Biru
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lucy S K Walker
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Liu Y, Liu G, Fang J. Progress on the mechanisms of Lactobacillus plantarum to improve intestinal barrier function in ulcerative colitis. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109505. [PMID: 37890709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory sickness of the intestinal tract, chiefly implicating the rectum and colon, which is characterized by chronic or subacute diarrhea, mucopurulent stools, and abdominal pain. The pathogeny of UC is still uncertain, and it is thought that multiple factors interact to cause the disease, such as environment, genetics, gut microbes, and immunity. Injuring the intestinal barrier is one of the most significant features of UC and includes mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological barriers. Plenty of research has shown that probiotics, as profitable bacteria in the gut, can play a prominent role in the treatment of UC by improving gut barrier function and modulating gut immunity. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), a common probiotic, has made outstanding contributions to food and medicine, and many studies in recent years have shown that L. plantarum has great preventive and therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis and restores the intestinal barrier. This paper reviews the mechanisms of L. plantarum for improving the intestinal barrier function of UC organisms, mainly including regulating the immune response, inhibiting oxidative stress, raising the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, promoting the formation of mucin, improving the composition of gut flora, and raising the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which offers some help for the clinical therapy of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Agricultural University, 1 Nongda Road, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Nanjundappa RH, Christen U, Umeshappa CS. Distinct immune surveillance in primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis is linked with discrete cholangiocarcinoma risk. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0218. [PMID: 37555943 PMCID: PMC10412426 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are 2 major liver autoimmune diseases. PBC is common in women and primarily affects intrahepatic small bile duct epithelial cells, known as cholangiocytes. In contrast, PSC is dominant in men and primarily affects medium and big intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy arising from cholangiocytes, and its incidence is increasing worldwide in both men and women. Numerous retrospective and clinical studies have suggested that PBC patients rarely develop CCA compared to PSC patients. CCA is accountable for the higher deaths in PSC patients due to ineffective therapies and our inability to diagnose the disease at an early stage. Therefore, it is paramount to understand the differences in immune surveillance mechanisms that render PBC patients more resistant while PSC patients are susceptible to CCA development. Here, we review several potential mechanisms contributing to differences in the susceptibility to CCA in PBC versus PSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa H. Nanjundappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Urs Christen
- Department of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Channakeshava S. Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Center, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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7
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Weng S, Huang L, Cai B, He L, Wen S, Li J, Zhong Z, Zhang H, Huang C, Yang Y, Jiang Q, Liu F. Astragaloside IV ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering gut microbiota. Chin Med 2023; 18:97. [PMID: 37542273 PMCID: PMC10403896 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease and its pathogenesis is closely related to CD4 + T cells. In recent years, gut microbiota is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MG. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main active components extracted from Astragalus membranaceus and has immunomodulatory effects. To study the immunomodulatory effect of AS-IV and the changes of gut microbiota on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mice, we explore the possible mechanism of AS-IV in improving MG. METHODS In this study, network pharmacology was utilized to screen the crucial targets of AS-IV in the treatment of MG. Subsequently, a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed to identify potential pathways through which AS-IV acts against MG. Furthermore, experimental investigations were conducted to validate the underlying mechanism of AS-IV in MG treatment. Before modeling, 5 mice were randomly selected as the control group (CFA group), and the other 10 were induced to EAMG model. These mice were randomly divided into EAMG group and EAMG + AS-IV group, n = 5/group. In EAMG + AS-IV group, AS-IV was administered by gavage. CFA and EAMG groups were given the same volume of PBS. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. At the last administration, the feces were collected for 16S RNA microbiota analysis. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiments were performed for exploring the influence of changed intestinal flora on EAMG. After EAMG model was induced, the mice were treated with antibiotics daily for 4 weeks to germ-free. Then germ-free EAMG mice were randomly divided into two groups: FMT EAMG group, FMT AS-IV group, n = 3/group. Fecal extractions from EAMG and EAMG + AS-IV groups as gathered above were used to administered daily to the respective groups for 4 weeks. Body weight, grip strength and clinical symptoms were assessed and recorded weekly. The levels of Treg, Th1 and Th17 cells in spleen and Th1 and Th17 cells in thymus were detected at the last administration. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-17 and TGF-β in serum were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The network pharmacology and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that AS-IV regulates T cell pathways, including T cell receptor signaling pathway and Th17 cell differentiation, suggesting its potential in improving MG. Further experimental verification demonstrated that AS-IV administration improved muscle strength and body weight, reduced the level of Th1 and Th17 cells, enhanced the level of Treg cells, and resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota, including changes in beta diversity, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and the abundance of Clostridia in EAMG mice. We further conducted FMT tests and demonstrated that the EAMG Abx-treated mice which were transplanted the feces of mice treated with AS-IV significantly alleviated myasthenia symptoms, reduced Th1 and Th17 cells levels, and increased Treg cell levels. CONCLUSION This study speculated that AS-IV ameliorates EAMG by regulating CD4 + T cells and altering the structure and species of gut microbiota of EAMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senhui Weng
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Linwen Huang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Bingxing Cai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Long He
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Shuting Wen
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Jinghao Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhuotai Zhong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chongyang Huang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunying Yang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China
| | - Qilong Jiang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.16 Airport Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510422, China.
- Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 2, Helongqi Road, Renhe Town, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
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Wang Q, Liu Z, Ma A, Li Z, Liu B, Ma Q. Computational methods and challenges in analyzing intratumoral microbiome data. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:707-722. [PMID: 36841736 PMCID: PMC10272078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is intimately related to cancer biology and plays a vital role in the efficacy of cancer treatments, including immunotherapy. Extraordinary evidence has revealed that several microbes influence tumor development through interaction with the host immune system, that is, immuno-oncology-microbiome (IOM). This review focuses on the intratumoral microbiome in IOM and describes the available data and computational methods for discovering biological insights of microbial profiling from host bulk, single-cell, and spatial sequencing data. Critical challenges in data analysis and integration are discussed. Specifically, the microorganisms associated with cancer and cancer treatment in the context of IOM are collected and integrated from the literature. Lastly, we provide our perspectives for future directions in IOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Anjun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China; Shandong National Center for Applied Mathematics, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Devi MB, Sarma HK, Mukherjee AK, Khan MR. Mechanistic Insights into Immune-Microbiota Interactions and Preventive Role of Probiotics Against Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10087-1. [PMID: 37171690 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on genetically susceptible individuals and animal models revealed the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) through complex interactions with the immune system. T1D incidence has been increasing exponentially with modern lifestyle altering normal microbiota composition, causing dysbiosis characterized by an imbalance in the gut microbial community. Dysbiosis has been suggested to be a potential contributing factor in T1D. Moreover, several studies have shown the potential role of probiotics in regulating T1D through various mechanisms. Current T1D therapies target curative measures; however, preventive therapeutics are yet to be proven. This review highlights immune microbiota interaction and the immense role of probiotics and postbiotics as important immunological interventions for reducing the risk of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bidyarani Devi
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, Assam, India.
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10
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Lo Conte M, Cosorich I, Ferrarese R, Antonini Cencicchio M, Nobili A, Palmieri V, Massimino L, Lamparelli LA, Liang W, Riba M, Devecchi E, Bolla AM, Pedone E, Scavini M, Bosi E, Fasano A, Ungaro F, Diana J, Mancini N, Falcone M. Alterations of the intestinal mucus layer correlate with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in human Type 1 Diabetes. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104567. [PMID: 37062177 PMCID: PMC10139895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preclinical models of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) the integrity of the gut barrier (GB) is instrumental to avoid dysregulated crosstalk between the commensal microbiota and immune cells and to prevent autoimmunity. The GB is composed of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and of the mucus layer containing mucins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are crucial to maintain immune tolerance. In preclinical models of T1D the alterations of the GB primarily affect the mucus layer. In human T1D increased gut permeability and IEB damage have been demonstrated but the integrity of the mucus layer was never assessed. METHODS We evaluated GB integrity by measuring serological markers of IEB damage (serological levels of zonulin) and bacterial translocation such as lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), and mRNA expression of tight junction proteins, mucins and AMPs in intestinal tissue of T1D patients and healthy controls (HC). Simultaneously, we performed immunological profiling on intestinal tissue and 16S rRNA analysis on the mucus-associated gut microbiota (MAGM). FINDINGS Our data show a GB damage with mucus layer alterations and reduced mRNA expression of several mucins (MUC2, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15, MUC20, MUC21) and AMPs (HD4 and HD5) in T1D patients. Mucus layer alterations correlated with reduced relative abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria such as Bifidobacterium dentium, Clostridium butyricum and Roseburia intestinalis that regulate mucin expression and intestinal immune homeostasis. In T1D patients we also found intestinal immune dysregulation with higher percentages of effector T cells such as T helper (Th) 1, Th17 and TNF-α+ T cells. INTERPRETATION Our data show that mucus layer alterations are present in T1D subjects and associated with dysbiosis and immune dysregulation. FUNDING Research Grants from the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation (Grant 1-INO-2018-640-A-N to MF and 2-SRA-2019-680-S-B to JD) and from the Italian Ministry of Health (Grant RF19-12370721 to MF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lo Conte
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosorich
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrarese
- Virology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Antonini Cencicchio
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Palmieri
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Michela Riba
- Center for OMICS Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Devecchi
- Clinical Nutrition Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mario Bolla
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Pedone
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Scavini
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Federica Ungaro
- Experimental Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicasio Mancini
- Virology and Microbiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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11
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Hanna BS, Wang G, Galván-Peña S, Mann AO, Ramirez RN, Muñoz-Rojas AR, Smith K, Wan M, Benoist C, Mathis D. The gut microbiota promotes distal tissue regeneration via RORγ + regulatory T cell emissaries. Immunity 2023; 56:829-846.e8. [PMID: 36822206 PMCID: PMC10101925 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Specific microbial signals induce the differentiation of a distinct pool of RORγ+ regulatory T (Treg) cells crucial for intestinal homeostasis. We discovered highly analogous populations of microbiota-dependent Treg cells that promoted tissue regeneration at extra-gut sites, notably acutely injured skeletal muscle and fatty liver. Inflammatory meditators elicited by tissue damage combined with MHC-class-II-dependent T cell activation to drive the accumulation of gut-derived RORγ+ Treg cells in injured muscle, wherein they regulated the dynamics and tenor of early inflammation and helped balance the proliferation vs. differentiation of local stem cells. Reining in IL-17A-producing T cells was a major mechanism underlying the rheostatic functions of RORγ+ Treg cells in compromised tissues. Our findings highlight the importance of gut-trained Treg cell emissaries in controlling the response to sterile injury of non-mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bola S Hanna
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Galván-Peña
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander O Mann
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo N Ramirez
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrés R Muñoz-Rojas
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen Smith
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Min Wan
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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English J, Patrick S, Stewart LD. The potential role of molecular mimicry by the anaerobic microbiome in the aetiology of autoimmune disease. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102721. [PMID: 36940867 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are thought to develop as a consequence of various environmental and genetic factors, each of which contributes to dysfunctional immune responses and/or a breakdown in immunological tolerance towards native structures. Molecular mimicry by microbial components is among the environmental factors thought to promote a breakdown in immune tolerance, particularly through the presence of cross-reactive epitopes shared with the human host. While resident members of the microbiome are essential promoters of human health through immunomodulation, defence against pathogenic colonisation and conversion of dietary fibre into nutritional resources for host tissues, there may be an underappreciated role of these microbes in the aetiology and/or progression of autoimmune disease. An increasing number of molecular mimics are being identified amongst the anaerobic microbiota which structurally resemble endogenous components and, in some cases, for example the human ubiquitin mimic of Bacteroides fragilis and DNA methyltransferase of Roseburia intestinalis, have been associated with promoting antibody profiles characteristic of autoimmune diseases. The persistent exposure of molecular mimics from the microbiota to the human immune system is likely to be involved in autoantibody production that contributes to the pathologies associated with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Here-in, examples of molecular mimics that have been identified among resident members of the human microbiome and their ability to induce autoimmune disease through cross-reactive autoantibody production are discussed. Improved awareness of the molecular mimics that exist among human colonisers will help elucidate the mechanisms involved in the breakdown of immune tolerance that ultimately lead to chronic inflammation and downstream disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie English
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Sheila Patrick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK; The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Linda D Stewart
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast. 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK.
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13
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Qiao J, Zhang SX, Chang MJ, Cheng T, Zhang JQ, Zhao R, Song S, Liu GY, Chang JS, Li XF. Specific enterotype of gut microbiota predicted clinical effect of methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:1087-1096. [PMID: 35946529 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most used drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains methotrexate (MTX). Unfortunately, up to 50% of patients do not achieve a clinically adequate outcome. Here we study whether the gut microbiota patterns can aid in the prediction of MTX efficacy for RA. METHOD To dissect gut microbiome profiles of RA patients (n = 145), 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed. Dirichlet multinomial mixture (DMM) clustering was used to identify enterotypes at genus level. The relationships between enterotypes and clinical measures (such as lymphocyte subsets and cytokines detected by flow cytometry) were explored. Then, enterotype stability was evaluated by the stratification of the RA patient cohort (n = 66) in Shanghai, China, using the same method. Finally, the enterotype-based gut microbial human index classifier was applied to another independent RA patient cohort (n = 27) to identify the factors associated with MTX clinical response. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that the RA patients always displayed two different dysbiotic microbiota patterns: RA E1 comprised predominantly Prevotella and RA E2 comprised predominantly Bacteroides. Among all of the lymphocyte subsets and cytokines, only the number of CD8+ T cells showed a significant difference between RA E1 and RA E2. These results were validated in the RA patient cohort in Shanghai, China. Significant associations of RA E1 with clinical response to subsequent MTX treatment were confirmed by another independent RA patient cohort. CONCLUSION Together, the enterotype-based gut microbial human index (EGMI) classifier was useful to precisely and effectively identify enterotypes of individual RA patients, which could effectively evaluate MTX clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Min-Jing Chang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Big Data for Clinical Decision, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Jia-Qian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Guang-Ying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Jia-Song Chang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University
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14
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Valles-Colomer M, Blanco-Míguez A, Manghi P, Asnicar F, Dubois L, Golzato D, Armanini F, Cumbo F, Huang KD, Manara S, Masetti G, Pinto F, Piperni E, Punčochář M, Ricci L, Zolfo M, Farrant O, Goncalves A, Selma-Royo M, Binetti AG, Becerra JE, Han B, Lusingu J, Amuasi J, Amoroso L, Visconti A, Steves CM, Falchi M, Filosi M, Tett A, Last A, Xu Q, Qin N, Qin H, May J, Eibach D, Corrias MV, Ponzoni M, Pasolli E, Spector TD, Domenici E, Collado MC, Segata N. The person-to-person transmission landscape of the gut and oral microbiomes. Nature 2023; 614:125-135. [PMID: 36653448 PMCID: PMC9892008 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome is an integral component of the human body and a co-determinant of several health conditions1,2. However, the extent to which interpersonal relations shape the individual genetic makeup of the microbiome and its transmission within and across populations remains largely unknown3,4. Here, capitalizing on more than 9,700 human metagenomes and computational strain-level profiling, we detected extensive bacterial strain sharing across individuals (more than 10 million instances) with distinct mother-to-infant, intra-household and intra-population transmission patterns. Mother-to-infant gut microbiome transmission was considerable and stable during infancy (around 50% of the same strains among shared species (strain-sharing rate)) and remained detectable at older ages. By contrast, the transmission of the oral microbiome occurred largely horizontally and was enhanced by the duration of cohabitation. There was substantial strain sharing among cohabiting individuals, with 12% and 32% median strain-sharing rates for the gut and oral microbiomes, and time since cohabitation affected strain sharing more than age or genetics did. Bacterial strain sharing additionally recapitulated host population structures better than species-level profiles did. Finally, distinct taxa appeared as efficient spreaders across transmission modes and were associated with different predicted bacterial phenotypes linked with out-of-host survival capabilities. The extent of microorganism transmission that we describe underscores its relevance in human microbiome studies5, especially those on non-infectious, microbiome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Manghi
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Cumbo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Kun D Huang
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Manara
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Piperni
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Liviana Ricci
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Moreno Zolfo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Olivia Farrant
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Adriana Goncalves
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marta Selma-Royo
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana G Binetti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (CONICET-UNL), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jimmy E Becerra
- Grupo de Investigación Alimentación y Comportamiento Humano, Universidad Metropolitana, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Bei Han
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - John Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Medical Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - John Amuasi
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adrian Tett
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Last
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Qian Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Qin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Realbio Genomics Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jürgen May
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pasolli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples 'Federico II', Portici, Italy
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Microsoft Research Foundation, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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15
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Pereira MS, Kriegel MA. Evolving concepts of host-pathobiont interactions in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102265. [PMID: 36444784 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex, multifactorial diseases with a polygenic trait and diverse environmental factors that contribute to triggering and exacerbating each disorder. The human microbiome is increasingly implicated in the multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We summarize here the latest developments in the field of how the microbiota interacts with the host on a cellular and molecular level. We review how pathobionts evolve within the gut of autoimmune-prone hosts to translocate to secondary lymphoid tissues. On mucosal sites and in non-gut tissues, pathobionts trigger autoimmune pathways through various mechanisms, including cross-reactivity with autoantigens and secretion of metabolites that alter immune functions. A better understanding of these mechanisms will hasten the development of unconventional therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Pereira
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine D, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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16
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Okada M, Zhang V, Loaiza Naranjo JD, Tillett BJ, Wong FS, Steptoe RJ, Bergot AS, Hamilton-Williams EE. Islet-specific CD8 + T cells gain effector function in the gut lymphoid tissues via bystander activation not molecular mimicry. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:36-48. [PMID: 36214093 PMCID: PMC10092732 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by aberrant activation of autoreactive T cells specific for the islet beta cells. How islet-specific T cells evade tolerance to become effector T cells is unknown, but it is believed that an altered gut microbiota plays a role. Possible mechanisms include bystander activation of autoreactive T cells in the gut or "molecular mimicry" from cross-reactivity between gut microbiota-derived peptides and islet-derived epitopes. To investigate these mechanisms, we use two islet-specific CD8+ T cell clones and the non-obese diabetic mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Both insulin-specific G9C8 cells and IGRP-specific 8.3 cells underwent early activation and proliferation in the pancreatic draining lymph nodes but not in the Peyer's patches or mesenteric lymph nodes. Mutation of the endogenous epitope for G9C8 cells abolished their CD69 upregulation and proliferation, ruling out G9C8 cell activation by a gut microbiota derived peptide and molecular mimicry. However, previously activated islet-specific effector memory cells but not naïve cells migrated into the Peyer's patches where they increased their cytotoxic function. Oral delivery of butyrate, a microbiota derived anti-inflammatory metabolite, reduced IGRP-specific cytotoxic function. Thus, while initial activation of islet-specific CD8+ T cells occurred in the pancreatic lymph nodes, activated cells trafficked through the gut lymphoid tissues where they gained additional effector function via non-specific bystander activation influenced by the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Okada
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Vivian Zhang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeniffer D Loaiza Naranjo
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bree J Tillett
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity and Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Raymond J Steptoe
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Bergot
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma E Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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17
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Rampanelli E, Nieuwdorp M. Gut microbiome in type 1 diabetes: the immunological perspective. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:93-109. [PMID: 36401835 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2150612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a prevalent, and yet uncurable, autoimmune disease targeting insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Despite a known genetic component in T1D onset, genetics alone cannot explain the alarming worldwide rise in T1D incidence, which is attributed to a growing impact of environmental factors, including perturbations of the gut microbiome. AREAS COVERED Intestinal commensal bacteria plays a crucial role in host physiology in health and disease by regulating endocrine and immune functions. An aberrant gut microbiome structure and metabolic function have been documented prior and during T1D onset. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current studies depicting the taxonomic profile and role of the gut microbial communities in murine models of T1D, diabetic patients and human interventional trials. EXPERT OPINION Compelling evidence have shown that the intestinal microbiota is instrumental in driving differentiation and functions of immune cells. Therefore, any alterations in the intestinal microbiome composition or microbial metabolite production, particularly early in life, may impact disease susceptibility and amplify inflammatory responses and hence accelerate the course of T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rampanelli
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS) Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Peretti S, Torracchi S, Russo E, Bonomi F, Fiorentini E, Aoufy KE, Bruni C, Lepri G, Orlandi M, Chimenti MS, Guiducci S, Amedei A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Bellando Randone S. The Yin-Yang Pharmacomicrobiomics on Treatment Response in Inflammatory Arthritides: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:89. [PMID: 36672830 PMCID: PMC9859330 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Gut microbiota (GM) is the set of microorganisms inhabiting the gastroenteric tract that seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. Recently, many authors proved that GM may influence pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of several drugs with complex interactions that are studied by the growing field of pharmacomicrobiomics. The aim of this review is to highlight current evidence on pharmacomicrobiomics applied to the main treatments of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis in order to maximize therapeutic success, in the framework of Personalized Medicine. (2) Methods: We performed a narrative review concerning pharmacomicrobiomics in inflammatory arthritides. We evaluated the influence of gut microbiota on treatment response of conventional Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) (Methotrexate and Leflunomide) and biological Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) (Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, Interleukin-17 inhibitors, Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors, Abatacept, Janus Kinase inhibitors and Rituximab). (3) Results: We found a great amount of studies concerning Methotrexate and Tumor Necrosis Inhibitors (TNFi). Conversely, fewer data were available about Interleukin-17 inhibitors (IL-17i) and Interleukin 12/23 inhibitors (IL-12/23i), while none was identified for Janus Kinase Inhibitors (JAKi), Tocilizumab, Abatacept and Rituximab. We observed that microbiota and drugs are influenced in a mutual and reciprocal way. Indeed, microbiota seems to influence therapeutic response and efficacy, whereas in the other hand, drugs may restore healthy microbiota. (4) Conclusions: Future improvement in pharmacomicrobiomics could help to detect an effective biomarker able to guide treatment choice and optimize management of inflammatory arthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Peretti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Torracchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Edda Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonomi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Fiorentini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Khadija El Aoufy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Lepri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Orlandi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Sole Chimenti
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicina dei Sistemi, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando Randone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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19
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Bacterial Compositional Shifts of Gut Microbiomes in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Association with Disease Activity. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091820. [PMID: 36144422 PMCID: PMC9505928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disabling autoimmune disorder. Little is known regarding the association between the gut microbiome and etiopathogenesis of RA. We aimed to dissect the differences in gut microbiomes associated with RA in comparison to healthy individuals and, in addition, to identify the shifts in the bacterial community in association with disease activity; Methods: In order to identify compositional shifts in gut microbiomes of RA patients, V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. In total, sixty stool samples were collected from 45 patients with RA besides 15 matched healthy subjects; Results: Notably, RA microbiomes were significantly associated with diverse bacterial communities compared with healthy individuals. Likewise, a direct association between bacterial diversity and disease activity was detected in RA patients (Kruskal Wallis; p = 0.00047). In general, genus-level analysis revealed a positive coexistence between RA and Megasphaera, Adlercreutzia, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Collinsella, and Acidaminococcus. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis significantly stratified the most dominant genera into distinct clusters that were mainly based on disease activity (r ≥ 0.6; p ≤ 0.05). The predictive metabolic profile of bacterial communities associated with RA could support the potential impact of gut microbiomes in either the development or recovery of RA; Conclusions: The overall shifts in bacterial composition at different disease statuses could confirm the cross-linking of certain genera either to causation or progression of RA.
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Majumdar S, Lin Y, Bettini ML. Host-microbiota interactions shaping T-cell response and tolerance in type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974178. [PMID: 36059452 PMCID: PMC9434376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes (T1D) is a complex polygenic autoimmune disorder involving T-cell driven beta-cell destruction leading to hyperglycemia. There is no cure for T1D and patients rely on exogenous insulin administration for disease management. T1D is associated with specific disease susceptible alleles. However, the predisposition to disease development is not solely predicted by them. This is best exemplified by the observation that a monozygotic twin has just a 35% chance of developing T1D after their twin's diagnosis. This makes a strong case for environmental triggers playing an important role in T1D incidence. Multiple studies indicate that commensal gut microbiota and environmental factors that alter their composition might exacerbate or protect against T1D onset. In this review, we discuss recent literature highlighting microbial species associated with T1D. We explore mechanistic studies which propose how some of these microbial species can modulate adaptive immune responses in T1D, with an emphasis on T-cell responses. We cover topics ranging from gut-thymus and gut-pancreas communication, microbial regulation of peripheral tolerance, to molecular mimicry of islet antigens by microbial peptides. In light of the accumulating evidence on commensal influences in neonatal thymocyte development, we also speculate on the link between molecular mimicry and thymic selection in the context of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how these observations could inform future therapeutic approaches in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhabrata Majumdar
- Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yong Lin
- Immunology Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Matthew L. Bettini
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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21
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Wang X, Liang Z, Wang S, Ma D, Zhu M, Feng J. Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 34191698 PMCID: PMC9881072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210629145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota have also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
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22
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Pedicino D, Severino A, Di Sante G, De Rosa MC, Pirolli D, Vinci R, Pazzano V, Giglio AF, Trotta F, Russo G, Ruggio A, Pisano E, d’Aiello A, Canonico F, Ciampi P, Cianflone D, Cianfanelli L, Grimaldi MC, Filomia S, Luciani N, Glieca F, Bruno P, Massetti M, Ria F, Crea F, Liuzzo G. Restricted T-Cell Repertoire in the Epicardial Adipose Tissue of Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845526. [PMID: 35880176 PMCID: PMC9307872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Human epicardial adipose tissue, a dynamic source of multiple bioactive factors, holds a close functional and anatomic relationship with the epicardial coronary arteries and communicates with the coronary artery wall through paracrine and vasocrine secretions. We explored the hypothesis that T-cell recruitment into epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) could be part of a specific antigen-driven response implicated in acute coronary syndrome onset and progression. Methods and Results We enrolled 32 NSTEMI patients and 34 chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and 12 mitral valve disease (MVD) patients undergoing surgery. We performed EAT proteome profiling on pooled specimens from three NSTEMI and three CCS patients. We performed T-cell receptor (TCR) spectratyping and CDR3 sequencing in EAT and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 29 NSTEMI, 31 CCS, and 12 MVD patients. We then used computational modeling studies to predict interactions of the TCR beta chain variable region (TRBV) and explore sequence alignments. The EAT proteome profiling displayed a higher content of pro-inflammatory molecules (CD31, CHI3L1, CRP, EMPRINN, ENG, IL-17, IL-33, MMP-9, MPO, NGAL, RBP-4, RETN, VDB) in NSTEMI as compared to CCS (P < 0.0001). CDR3-beta spectratyping showed a TRBV21 enrichment in EAT of NSTEMI (12/29 patients; 41%) as compared with CCS (1/31 patients; 3%) and MVD (none) (ANOVA for trend P < 0.001). Of note, 11/12 (92%) NSTEMI patients with TRBV21 perturbation were at their first manifestation of ACS. Four patients with the first event shared a distinctive TRBV21-CDR3 sequence of 178 bp length and 2/4 were carriers of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*03:01 allele. A 3D analysis predicted the most likely epitope able to bind HLA-A3*01 and interact with the TRBV21-CDR3 sequence of 178 bp length, while the alignment results were consistent with microbial DNA sequences. Conclusions Our study revealed a unique immune signature of the epicardial adipose tissue, which led to a 3D modeling of the TCRBV/peptide/HLA-A3 complex, in acute coronary syndrome patients at their first event, paving the way for epitope-driven therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pedicino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Pedicino, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-3066
| | - Anna Severino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Anatomia Umana, Clinica e Forense, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Rosa
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (SCITEC) - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Ramona Vinci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pazzano
- Paediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Arrhythmia/Syncope Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ada F. Giglio
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Aureliano Ruggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Pisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia d’Aiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Canonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Ciampi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Cianflone
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cianfanelli
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Filomia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Luciani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Glieca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio ed Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Crea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Pneumologiche, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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23
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Arabinoxylan and Pectin Metabolism in Crohn’s Disease Microbiota: An In Silico Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137093. [PMID: 35806099 PMCID: PMC9266297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disorder including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD). Gut dysbiosis is often associated with CD, and metagenomics allows a better understanding of the microbial communities involved. The objective of this study was to reconstruct in silico carbohydrate metabolic capabilities from metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from healthy and CD individuals. This computational method was developed as a mean to aid rationally designed prebiotic interventions to rebalance CD dysbiosis, with a focus on metabolism of emergent prebiotics derived from arabinoxylan and pectin. Up to 1196 and 1577 MAGs were recovered from CD and healthy people, respectively. MAGs of Akkermansia muciniphila, Barnesiella viscericola DSM 18177 and Paraprevotella xylaniphila YIT 11841 showed a wide range of unique and specific enzymes acting on arabinoxylan and pectin. These glycosidases were also found in MAGs recovered from CD patients. Interestingly, these arabinoxylan and pectin degraders are predicted to exhibit metabolic interactions with other gut microbes reduced in CD. Thus, administration of arabinoxylan and pectin may ameliorate dysbiosis in CD by promoting species with key metabolic functions, capable of cross-feeding other beneficial species. These computational methods may be of special interest for the rational design of prebiotic ingredients targeting at CD.
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24
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Umeshappa CS, Solé P, Yamanouchi J, Mohapatra S, Surewaard BGJ, Garnica J, Singha S, Mondal D, Cortés-Vicente E, D’Mello C, Mason A, Kubes P, Serra P, Yang Y, Santamaria P. Re-programming mouse liver-resident invariant natural killer T cells for suppressing hepatic and diabetogenic autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3279. [PMID: 35672409 PMCID: PMC9174212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells comprise a heterogeneous group of non-circulating, tissue-resident T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipids, including alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), in the context of CD1d, but whether peripheral iNKT cell subsets are terminally differentiated remains unclear. Here we show that mouse and human liver-resident αGalCer/CD1d-binding iNKTs largely correspond to a novel Zbtb16+Tbx21+Gata3+MaflowRorc– subset that exhibits profound transcriptional, phenotypic and functional plasticity. Repetitive in vivo encounters of these liver iNKT (LiNKT) cells with intravenously delivered αGalCer/CD1d-coated nanoparticles (NP) trigger their differentiation into immunoregulatory, IL-10+IL-21-producing Zbtb16highMafhighTbx21+Gata3+Rorc– cells, termed LiNKTR1, expressing a T regulatory type 1 (TR1)-like transcriptional signature. This response is LiNKT-specific, since neither lung nor splenic tissue-resident iNKT cells from αGalCer/CD1d-NP-treated mice produce IL-10 or IL-21. Additionally, these LiNKTR1 cells suppress autoantigen presentation, and recognize CD1d expressed on conventional B cells to induce IL-10+IL-35-producing regulatory B (Breg) cells, leading to the suppression of liver and pancreas autoimmunity. Our results thus suggest that LiNKT cells are plastic for further functional diversification, with such plasticity potentially targetable for suppressing tissue-specific inflammatory phenomena.
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25
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Garabatos N, Santamaria P. Gut Microbial Antigenic Mimicry in Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:873607. [PMID: 35572569 PMCID: PMC9094498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.873607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a major role in the developmental biology and homeostasis of cells belonging to the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. Alterations in its composition, which are known to be regulated by both genetic and environmental factors, can either promote or suppress the pathogenic processes underlying the development of various autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, to just name a few. Cross-recognition of gut microbial antigens by autoreactive T cells as well as gut microbe-driven alterations in the activation and homeostasis of effector and regulatory T cells have been implicated in this process. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the positive and negative associations between alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota and the development of various autoimmune disorders, with a special emphasis on antigenic mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahir Garabatos
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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26
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Hebbandi Nanjundappa R, Sokke Umeshappa C, Geuking MB. The impact of the gut microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:221. [PMID: 35377005 PMCID: PMC11072498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is critical for the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and is instrumental in educating the local as well as systemic immune system. In addition, it also impacts the development and function of peripheral organs, such as liver, lung, and the brain, in health and disease. However, whether and how the intestinal microbiota has an impact on T cell ontogeny in the hymus remains largely unclear. Recently, the impact of molecules and metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota on T cell ontogeny in the thymus has been investigated in more detail. In this review, we will discuss the recent findings in the emerging field of the gut-thymus axis and we will highlight the current questions and challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Hebbandi Nanjundappa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Research Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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27
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Zhao X, Cui D, Yuan W, Chen C, Liu Q. Berberine represses Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation via modulating the microRNA-103a-3p/Bromodomain-containing protein 4 axis, thereby refraining pyroptosis and reducing the intestinal mucosal barrier defect induced via colitis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7392-7409. [PMID: 35259053 PMCID: PMC8973728 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2047405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is inflammatory bowel disease’s hallmark. Berberine (BBR) has manifested its anti-inflammatory properties in colitis. For exploring the molecular mechanism of BBR’s impacts on colitis, application of a dextran sodium sulfate-induced mouse colitis in vivo model was with recording the body weight, stool consistency, stool occult blood and general physical symptoms of all groups of mice every day. Behind assessment of intestinal permeability, detection of colon damage’s degree and apoptosis, and inflammatory factors for assessment of pyroptosis was conducted. Application of interleukin-6-stimulated Caco-2 cells was for construction of an in vitro model. Then detection of cell advancement with inflammation and measurement of the barrier’s integrity were put into effect. Verification of microRNA (miR)-103a-3p and Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4)’s targeting link was conducted. Experiments have clarified BBR, elevated miR-103a-3p or repressive BRD4 was available to alleviate colitis-stimulated pyroptosis and intestinal mucosal barrier defects. BBR elevated miR-103a-3p to target BRD4; Refraining miR-103a-3p or enhancive BRD4 turned around BBR’s therapeutic action on colitis injury. BBR depressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation via controlling the miR-103a-3p/BRD4 axis. All in all, BBR represses Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation via modulating the miR-103a-3p/BRD4 axis, thereby mitigating colitis-stimulated pyroptosis and the intestinal mucosal barrier defect. The research suggests BBR is supposed to take on potential in colitis cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhao
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - DeJun Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - WenQiang Yuan
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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28
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Regulation of tissue-resident memory T cells by the Microbiota. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:408-417. [PMID: 35194180 PMCID: PMC9063729 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (Trms) predominantly reside within tissue and are critical for providing rapid protection against invasive viruses, fungi and bacteria. Given that tissues are heavily impacted and shaped by the microbiota, it stands to reason that Trms are also influenced by the microbiota that inhabits barrier sites. The influence of the microbiota is largely mediated by microbial production of metabolites which are crucial to the immune response to both viral infection and cancerous tumors. In addition to the effects of metabolites, antigens derived from the microbiota can activate T cell responses. While microbiota-specific T cells may assist in tissue repair, control of infection and anti-tumor immunity, the actual 'memory' potential of these cells remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that memory responses to antigens from the microbiota must be 'licensed' by inflammatory signals activated by invasion of the host by microorganisms.
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29
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You L, Zhou J, Xin Z, Hauck JS, Na F, Tang J, Zhou X, Lei Z, Ying B. Novel directions of precision oncology: circulating microbial DNA emerging in cancer-microbiome areas. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac005. [PMID: 35692444 PMCID: PMC9026200 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome research has extended into the cancer area in the past decades. Microbes can affect oncogenesis, progression, and treatment response through various mechanisms, including direct regulation and indirect impacts. Microbiota-associated detection methods and agents have been developed to facilitate cancer diagnosis and therapy. Additionally, the cancer microbiome has recently been redefined. The identification of intra-tumoral microbes and cancer-related circulating microbial DNA (cmDNA) has promoted novel research in the cancer-microbiome area. In this review, we define the human system of commensal microbes and the cancer microbiome from a brand-new perspective and emphasize the potential value of cmDNA as a promising biomarker in cancer liquid biopsy. We outline all existing studies on the relationship between cmDNA and cancer and the outlook for potential preclinical and clinical applications of cmDNA in cancer precision medicine, as well as critical problems to be overcome in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhaodan Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Spencer Hauck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Feifei Na
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang 621000,China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zichen Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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30
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Azoury ME, Samassa F, Buitinga M, Nigi L, Brusco N, Callebaut A, Giraud M, Irla M, Lalanne AI, Carré A, Afonso G, Zhou Z, Brandao B, Colli ML, Sebastiani G, Dotta F, Nakayama M, Eizirik DL, You S, Pinto S, Mamula MJ, Verdier Y, Vinh J, Buus S, Mathieu C, Overbergh L, Mallone R. CD8 + T Cells Variably Recognize Native Versus Citrullinated GRP78 Epitopes in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2879-2891. [PMID: 34561224 PMCID: PMC8660990 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, autoimmune β-cell destruction may be favored by neoantigens harboring posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination. We studied the recognition of native and citrullinated glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78 peptides by CD8+ T cells. Citrullination modulated T-cell recognition and, to a lesser extent, HLA-A2 binding. GRP78-reactive CD8+ T cells circulated at similar frequencies in healthy donors and donors with type 1 diabetes and preferentially recognized either native or citrullinated versions, without cross-reactivity. Rather, the preference for native GRP78 epitopes was associated with CD8+ T cells cross-reactive with bacterial mimotopes. In the pancreas, a dominant GRP78 peptide was instead preferentially recognized when citrullinated. To further clarify these recognition patterns, we considered the possibility of citrullination in the thymus. Citrullinating peptidylarginine deiminase (Padi) enzymes were expressed in murine and human medullary epithelial cells (mTECs), with citrullinated proteins detected in murine mTECs. However, Padi2 and Padi4 expression was diminished in mature mTECs from NOD mice versus C57BL/6 mice. We conclude that, on one hand, the CD8+ T cell preference for native GRP78 peptides may be shaped by cross-reactivity with bacterial mimotopes. On the other hand, PTMs may not invariably favor loss of tolerance because thymic citrullination, although impaired in NOD mice, may drive deletion of citrulline-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mijke Buitinga
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Nigi
- Toscana Life Sciences, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Noemi Brusco
- Toscana Life Sciences, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Aïsha Callebaut
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Giraud
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, INSERM UMR1064, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Irla
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Ines Lalanne
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Alexia Carré
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Georgia Afonso
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Brandao
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maikel L Colli
- Medical Faculty, Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido Sebastiani
- Toscana Life Sciences, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Toscana Life Sciences, Diabetes Unit and Fondazione Umberto di Mario ONLUS, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Medical Faculty, Center for Diabetes Research and Welbio, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sheena Pinto
- Division of Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yann Verdier
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Vinh
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, Spectrométrie de Masse Biologique et Protéomique, CNRS UMR8249, Paris, France
| | - Soren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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31
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Honig G, Larkin PB, Heller C, Hurtado-Lorenzo A. Research-Based Product Innovation to Address Critical Unmet Needs of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S1-S16. [PMID: 34791292 PMCID: PMC8922161 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite progress in recent decades, patients with inflammatory bowel diseases face many critical unmet needs, demonstrating the limitations of available treatment options. Addressing these unmet needs will require interventions targeting multiple aspects of inflammatory bowel disease pathology, including disease drivers that are not targeted by available therapies. The vast majority of late-stage investigational therapies also focus primarily on a narrow range of fundamental mechanisms. Thus, there is a pressing need to advance to clinical stage differentiated investigational therapies directly targeting a broader range of key mechanistic drivers of inflammatory bowel diseases. In addition, innovations are critically needed to enable treatments to be tailored to the specific underlying abnormal biological pathways of patients; interventions with improved safety profiles; biomarkers to develop prognostic, predictive, and monitoring tests; novel devices for nonpharmacological approaches such as minimally invasive monitoring; and digital health technologies. To address these needs, the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation launched IBD Ventures, a venture philanthropy-funding mechanism, and IBD Innovate®, an innovative, product-focused scientific conference. This special IBD Innovate® supplement is a collection of articles reflecting the diverse and exciting research and development that is currently ongoing in the inflammatory bowel disease field to deliver innovative and differentiated products addressing critical unmet needs of patients. Here, we highlight the pipeline of new product opportunities currently advancing at the preclinical and early clinical development stages. We categorize and describe novel and differentiated potential product opportunities based on their potential to address the following critical unmet patient needs: (1) biomarkers for prognosis of disease course and prediction/monitoring of treatment response; (2) restoration of eubiosis; (3) restoration of barrier function and mucosal healing; (4) more effective and safer anti-inflammatories; (5) neuromodulatory and behavioral therapies; (6) management of disease complications; and (7) targeted drug delivery.
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32
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Morse ZJ, Horwitz MS. Virus Infection Is an Instigator of Intestinal Dysbiosis Leading to Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:751337. [PMID: 34721424 PMCID: PMC8554326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.751337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic predisposition, environmental determinants contribute to a complex etiology leading to onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Multiple studies have established the gut as an important site for immune modulation that can directly impact development of autoreactive cell populations against pancreatic self-antigens. Significant efforts have been made to unravel how changes in the microbiome function as a contributor to autoimmune responses and can serve as a biomarker for diabetes development. Large-scale longitudinal studies reveal that common environmental exposures precede diabetes pathology. Virus infections, particularly those associated with the gut, have been prominently identified as risk factors for T1D development. Evidence suggests recent-onset T1D patients experience pre-existing subclinical enteropathy and dysbiosis leading up to development of diabetes. The start of these dysbiotic events coincide with detection of virus infections. Thus viral infection may be a contributing driver for microbiome dysbiosis and disruption of intestinal homeostasis prior to T1D onset. Ultimately, understanding the cross-talk between viral infection, the microbiome, and the immune system is key for the development of preventative measures against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc S. Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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33
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Mao L, Zhang Y, Tian J, Sang M, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Wang P. Cross-Sectional Study on the Gut Microbiome of Parkinson's Disease Patients in Central China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:728479. [PMID: 34650532 PMCID: PMC8506127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.728479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunction plays an important role in the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigates the composition of the gut microbiome using shotgun metagenomic sequencing in PD patients in central China. Fecal samples from 39 PD patients (PD group) and the corresponding 39 healthy spouses of the patients (SP) were collected for shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Results showed a significantly altered microbial composition in the PD patients. Bilophila wadsworthia enrichment was found in the gut microbiome of PD patients, which has not been reported in previous studies. The random forest (RF) model, which identifies differences in microbiomes, reliably discriminated patients with PD from controls; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.803. Further analysis of the microbiome and clinical symptoms showed that Klebsiella and Parasutterella were positively correlated with the duration and severity of PD, whereas hydrogen-generating Prevotella was negatively correlated with disease severity. The Cluster of Orthologous Groups of protein database, the KEGG Orthology database, and the carbohydrate-active enzymes of gene-category analysis showed that branched-chain amino acid-related proteins were significantly increased, and GH43 was significantly reduced in the PD group. Functional analysis of the metagenome confirmed differences in microbiome metabolism in the PD group related to short-chain fatty acid precursor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Biological Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Puqing Wang
- Hubei Clinical Research Center of Parkinson’s Disease, Xiangyang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, China
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34
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Yang D, Wang X, Zhou X, Zhao J, Yang H, Wang S, Morse MA, Wu J, Yuan Y, Li S, Hobeika A, Lyerly HK, Ren J. Blood microbiota diversity determines response of advanced colorectal cancer to chemotherapy combined with adoptive T cell immunotherapy. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1976953. [PMID: 34595059 PMCID: PMC8477924 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1976953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota influence the response of malignancies to treatment with immune checkpoint blockade; however, their impact on other forms of immunotherapy is poorly understood. This study explored the effect of blood microbiota on clinical efficacy, represented by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), of combined chemotherapy and adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) in advanced colon cancer patients. Plasma was collected from colorectal cancer patients (CRC) treated with either chemotherapy alone (oxaliplatin and capecitabine) (XELOX CT alone group, n = 19), or ACT with a mixed dendritic cell/cytokine-induced killer cell product (DC-CIK) + XELOX (ICT group, n = 20). Circulating microbiota analysis was performed by PCR amplification and next-generation sequencing of variable regions V3~V4 of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The association of the blood microbial diversity with clinical response to the therapy as measured by RECIST1.1 and OS was evaluated. The baseline Chao index of blood microbial diversity predicted prolonged PFS and OS of DC/CIK immunotherapy. More diverse blood microbiota that included Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus were identified among responders to DC/CIK compared with non-responders. The plasma bacterial DNA copy number is inversely correlated with the CD3-/CD16+/CD56+ NK cells in circulation and decreased following DC-CIK; however, the Chao index of plasma microbiota significantly increased after administration of the DC-CIK product and this subsequent change was correlated with the number of CD3-/CD16+/CD56+ and CD8+/CD28+ cells infused. The diversity of the blood microbiome is a promising predictive marker for clinical responses to chemotherapy combined with DC-CIK. Cellular immunotherapy can affect the plasma microbiota's diversity in a manner favorable to clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Yang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Xinna Zhou
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Michael A. Morse
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Medical OncologyBeijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing, China
| | - Amy Hobeika
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jun Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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35
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Tsai YW, Dong JL, Jian YJ, Fu SH, Chien MW, Liu YW, Hsu CY, Sytwu HK. Gut Microbiota-Modulated Metabolomic Profiling Shapes the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091930. [PMID: 34576825 PMCID: PMC8466726 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a complex and multifaceted process that contributes to widespread functional decline that affects multiple organs and tissues. The pandemic of autoimmune diseases, which are a global health concern, augments in both the prevalence and incidence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The development of autoimmune diseases is phenotypically associated with gut microbiota-modulated features at the molecular and cellular levels. The etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases comprise the alterations of immune systems with the innate and adaptive immune cell infiltration into specific organs and the augmented production of proinflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. However, the relative importance and mechanistic interrelationships between the gut microbial community and the immune system during progression of autoimmune diseases are still not well understood. In this review, we describe studies on the profiling of gut microbial signatures for the modulation of immunological homeostasis in multiple inflammatory diseases, elucidate their critical roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, and discuss the implications of these findings for these disorders. Targeting intestinal microbiome and its metabolomic associations with the phenotype of autoimmunity will enable the progress of developing new therapeutic strategies to counteract microorganism-related immune dysfunction in these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, No.222, Maijin Road, Keelung 204, Taiwan;
- College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Dong
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Jie Jian
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
| | - Shin-Huei Fu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Wei Chien
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, No.128, Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Hsu
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18535 (C.-Y.H.)/18539 (H.-K.S.)); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774 (H.-K.S.)
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (J.-L.D.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.-H.F.); (M.-W.C.)
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, No.35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli 350, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Section 6, Min Chuan East Road, Neihu, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.H.); (H.-K.S.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3100 (ext. 18535 (C.-Y.H.)/18539 (H.-K.S.)); Fax: +886-2-8792-1774 (H.-K.S.)
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36
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Di Sante G, Gremese E, Tolusso B, Cattani P, Di Mario C, Marchetti S, Alivernini S, Tredicine M, Petricca L, Palucci I, Camponeschi C, Aragon V, Gambotto A, Ria F, Ferraccioli G. Haemophilus parasuis ( Glaesserella parasuis) as a Potential Driver of Molecular Mimicry and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:671018. [PMID: 34485325 PMCID: PMC8415917 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.671018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Haemophilus parasuis (Hps; now Glaesserella parasuis) is an infectious agent that causes severe arthritis in swines and shares sequence similarity with residues 261–273 of collagen type 2 (Coll261−273), a possible autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives/methods: We tested the presence of Hps sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA in crevicular fluid, synovial fluids, and tissues in patients with arthritis (RA and other peripheral arthritides) and in healthy controls. Moreover, we examined the cross-recognition of Hps by Coll261−273-specific T cells in HLA-DRB1*04pos RA patients, by T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain spectratyping and T-cell phenotyping. Results:Hps DNA was present in 57.4% of the tooth crevicular fluids of RA patients and in 31.6% of controls. Anti-Hps IgM and IgG titers were detectable and correlated with disease duration and the age of the patients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with Hps virulence-associated trimeric autotransporter peptide (VtaA10755−766), homologous to human Coll261−273 or co-cultured with live Hps. In both conditions, the expanded TCR repertoire overlapped with Coll261−273 and led to the production of IL-17. Discussion: We show that the DNA of an infectious agent (Hps), not previously described as pathogen in humans, is present in most patients with RA and that an Hps peptide is able to activate T cells specific for Coll261−273, likely inducing or maintaining a molecular mimicry mechanism. Conclusion: The cross-reactivity between VtaA10755−766 of a non-human infectious agent and human Coll261−273 suggests an involvement in the pathogenesis of RA. This mechanism appears emphasized in predisposed individuals, such as patients with shared epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Di Sante
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Tredicine
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Petricca
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Camponeschi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologies Agroalimentaries, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Francesco Ria
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
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37
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Chaput L, Jordheim LP. [Current landscape of biomarker development for immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in oncology]. Therapie 2021; 76:597-615. [PMID: 34332787 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The immune checkpoints inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 represent a new paradigm in the cancer treatment strategy. However, some populations of patients do not benefit from these agents. The identification of predictive biomarkers appears as an essential step for the treatment pathway, to guarantee the access to an evidence-based medicine accounting for the potential toxicity profile, the cost for the healthcare system and the clinical benefit eventually provided by these new drugs. In this review, we propose, based on scientific literature and industrial communications, an overview of the current landscape of predictive biomarkers related to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors efficacy, validated or under development, their evidence level, and limits accounting for identified or potential confounding factors. Our paper shows that, despite the important amount of work performed in this field, there is not yet a validated and efficient solution for the prediction of the activity and/or the toxicity of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chaput
- Université Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, ISPB, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, faculté de pharmacie de Lyon, ISPB, 69008 Lyon, France; Université Lyon, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, centre Léon-Bérard, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France.
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38
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Influence of immunomodulatory drugs on the gut microbiota. Transl Res 2021; 233:144-161. [PMID: 33515779 PMCID: PMC8184576 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory medications are a mainstay of treatment for autoimmune diseases and malignancies. In addition to their direct effects on immune cells, these medications also impact the gut microbiota. Drug-induced shifts in commensal microbes can lead to indirect but important changes in the immune response. We performed a comprehensive literature search focusing on immunotherapy/microbe interactions. Immunotherapies were categorized into 5 subtypes based on their mechanisms of action: cell trafficking inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulators, antiproliferative drugs, and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors. Although no consistent relationships were observed between types of immunotherapy and microbiota, most immunotherapies were associated with shifts in specific colonizing bacterial taxa. The relationships between colonizing microbes and drug efficacy were not well-studied for autoimmune diseases. In contrast, the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer was tied to the baseline composition of the gut microbiota. There was a paucity of high-quality data; existing data were generated using heterogeneous sampling and analytic techniques, and most studies involved small numbers of participants. Further work is needed to elucidate the extent and clinical significance of immunotherapy effects on the human microbiome.
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39
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The Role of Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Related Biliary Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136975. [PMID: 34203536 PMCID: PMC8268159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an immune-related cholangiopathy characterized by biliary inflammation, cholestasis, and multifocal bile duct strictures. It is associated with high rates of progression to end-stage liver disease as well as a significant risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, and colorectal carcinoma. Currently, no effective medical treatment with an impact on the overall survival is available, and liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option. Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is associated with disease pathogenesis. Several studies analyzing fecal and mucosal samples demonstrate a distinct gut microbiome in individuals with PSC compared to healthy controls and individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) without PSC. Experimental mouse and observational human data suggest that a diverse set of microbial functions may be relevant, including microbial metabolites and bacterial processing of pharmacological agents, bile acids, or dietary compounds, altogether driving the intrahepatic inflammation. Despite critical progress in this field over the past years, further functional characterization of the role of the microbiota in PSC and related malignancies is needed. In this review, we discuss the available data on the role of the gut microbiome and elucidate important insights into underlying pathogenic mechanisms and possible microbe-altering interventions.
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40
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Umeshappa CS, Solé P, Surewaard BGJ, Yamanouchi J, Mohapatra S, Uddin MM, Clarke R, Ortega M, Singha S, Mondal D, Yang Y, Vignali DAA, Serra P, Kubes P, Santamaria P. Liver-specific T regulatory type-1 cells program local neutrophils to suppress hepatic autoimmunity via CRAMP. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108919. [PMID: 33789099 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils with immunoregulatory properties, also referred to as type-2 neutrophils (N2), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), or tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), comprise a heterogeneous subset of cells that arise from unknown precursors in response to poorly understood cues. Here, we find that, in several models of liver autoimmunity, pharmacologically induced, autoantigen-specific T regulatory type-1 (TR1) cells and TR1-cell-induced B regulatory (Breg) cells use five immunoregulatory cytokines to coordinately recruit neutrophils into the liver and program their transcriptome to generate regulatory neutrophils. The liver-associated neutrophils from the treated mice, unlike their circulating counterparts or the liver neutrophils of sick mice lacking antigen-specific TR1 cells, are proliferative, can transfer disease protection to immunocompromised hosts engrafted with pathogenic effectors, and blunt antigen-presentation and local autoimmune responses via cathelin-related anti-microbial peptide (CRAMP), a cathelicidin, in a CRAMP-receptor-dependent manner. These results, thus, identify antigen-specific regulatory T cells as drivers of tissue-restricted regulatory neutrophil formation and CRAMP as an effector of regulatory neutrophil-mediated immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channakeshava Sokke Umeshappa
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Patricia Solé
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jun Yamanouchi
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Muhammad Myn Uddin
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robert Clarke
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mireia Ortega
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Santiswarup Singha
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Debajyoti Mondal
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Yang Yang
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Pau Serra
- Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada; Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Abstract
Microbial roles in cancer formation, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment have been disputed for centuries. Recent studies have provocatively claimed that bacteria, viruses, and/or fungi are pervasive among cancers, key actors in cancer immunotherapy, and engineerable to treat metastases. Despite these findings, the number of microbes known to directly cause carcinogenesis remains small. Critically evaluating and building frameworks for such evidence in light of modern cancer biology is an important task. In this Review, we delineate between causal and complicit roles of microbes in cancer and trace common themes of their influence through the host's immune system, herein defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis. We further review evidence for intratumoral microbes and approaches that manipulate the host's gut or tumor microbiome while projecting the next phase of experimental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus (GRCC), Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1015, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Ravid Straussman
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeff Hasty
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- BioCircuits Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wargo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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42
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Characterization of biliary microbiota dysbiosis in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247798. [PMID: 33690612 PMCID: PMC7943025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) accounts for 3% of digestive cancers. The role of biliary microbiota as an environment-related modulator has been scarcely investigated in CCA, and the putative impact of associated diseases has not been yet assessed. We characterized the biliary microbiota in CCA patients in order to identify a specific CCA-related dysbiosis. The biliary effluents were collected through an endoscopic retrograde pancreatic cholangiography (ERCP) examination involving 28 CCA and 47 patients with gallstones, herein considered as controls. The biliary effluents were submitted to bacterial DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing, using Illumina technology. Overall, 32% of CCA and 22% of controls displayed another associated disease, such as diabetes, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Such associated diseases were considered in the comparisons that were made. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) detected a significant disparity of biliary microbiota composition between CCA patients and controls without an associated disease. Amongst the most abundant phyla, Proteobacteria did not significantly differ between CCA patients and controls, whereas Firmicutes levels were lower and Bacteroidetes higher in CCAs’ biliary microbiota than in the controls’ microbiota. The most abundant genera were Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Klebsiella, and Pyramidobacter in CCA’s biliary microbiota. Additionally, levels of Bacteroides, Geobacillus, Meiothermus, and Anoxybacillus genera were significantly higher in CCA patients’ biliary microbiota, without an associated disease, in comparison with controls. A specific CCA-related dysbiosis was identified as compared to controls independently from associated diseases. This suggests that a microorganism community may be involved in CCA pathogenesis.
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43
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Abstract
The functional diversity of the mammalian intestinal microbiome far exceeds that of the host organism, and microbial genes contribute substantially to the well-being of the host. However, beneficial gut organisms can also be pathogenic when present in the gut or other locations in the body. Among dominant beneficial bacteria are several species of Bacteroides, which metabolize polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, providing nutrition and vitamins to the host and other intestinal microbial residents. These topics and the specific organismal and molecular interactions that are known to be responsible for the beneficial and detrimental effects of Bacteroides species in humans comprise the focus of this review. The complexity of these interactions will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zafar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara,Okara, PunjabPakistan
| | - Milton H. Saier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, USA
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44
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Geuking MB, Burkhard R. Microbial modulation of intestinal T helper cell responses and implications for disease and therapy. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:855-866. [PMID: 32792666 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induction of intestinal T helper cell subsets by commensal members of the intestinal microbiota is an important component of the many immune adaptations required to establish host-microbial homeostasis. Importantly, altered intestinal T helper cell profiles can have pathological consequences that are not limited to intestinal sites. Therefore, microbial-mediated modulation of the intestinal T helper cell profile could have strong therapeutic potentials. However, in order to develop microbial therapies that specifically induce the desired alterations in the intestinal T helper cell compartment one has to first gain a detailed understanding of how microbial composition and the metabolites derived or induced by the microbiota impact on intestinal T helper cell responses. Here we summarize the milestone findings in the field of microbiota-intestinal T helper cell crosstalk with a focus on the role of specific commensal bacteria and their metabolites. We discuss mechanistic mouse studies and are linking these to human studies where possible. Moreover, we highlight recent advances in the field of microbial CD4 T cell epitope mimicry in autoimmune diseases and the role of microbially-induced CD4 T cells in cancer immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Geuking
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Regula Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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45
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Ilchmann-Diounou H, Menard S. Psychological Stress, Intestinal Barrier Dysfunctions, and Autoimmune Disorders: An Overview. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1823. [PMID: 32983091 PMCID: PMC7477358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are multifactorial diseases involving, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors characterized by an inappropriate immune response toward self-antigens. In the past decades, there has been a continuous rise in the incidence of ADs, which cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. Influence of psychological stress on the development or the course of autoimmune disorders has been discussed for a long time. Indeed, based on epidemiological studies, stress has been suggested to precede AD occurrence and to exacerbate symptoms. Furthermore, compiling data showed that most of ADs are associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, that is, microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal hyperpermeability, and intestinal inflammation. Interestingly, social stress (acute or chronic, in adult or in neonate) is a well-described intestinal disrupting factor. Taken together, those observations question a potential role of stress-induced defect of the intestinal barrier in the onset and/or the course of ADs. In this review, we aim to present evidences supporting the hypothesis for a role of stress-induced intestinal barrier disruption in the onset and/or the course of ADs. We will mainly focus on autoimmune type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, ADs for which we could find sufficient circumstantial data to support this hypothesis. We excluded gastrointestinal (GI) ADs like coeliac disease to privilege ADs not focused on intestinal disorders to avoid confounding factors. Indeed, GIADs are characterized by antibodies directed against intestinal barrier actors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmune Diseases/epidemiology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/metabolism
- Autoimmune Diseases/microbiology
- Autoimmunity
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology
- Dysbiosis
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/epidemiology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/microbiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/microbiology
- Permeability
- Risk Factors
- Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
- Stress, Psychological/immunology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Menard
- Neuro-Gastroenterology and Nutrition Team, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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46
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Wasimuddin, Schlaeppi K, Ronchi F, Leib SL, Erb M, Ramette A. Evaluation of primer pairs for microbiome profiling from soils to humans within the One Health framework. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1558-1571. [PMID: 32599660 PMCID: PMC7693082 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 'One Health' framework emphasizes the ecological relationships between soil, plant, animal and human health. Microbiomes play important roles in these relationships, as they modify the health and performance of the different compartments and influence the transfer of energy, matter and chemicals between them. Standardized methods to characterize microbiomes along food chains are, however, currently lacking. To address this methodological gap, we evaluated the performance of DNA extraction kits and commonly recommended primer pairs targeting different hypervariable regions (V3-V4, V4, V5-V6, V5-V6-V7) of the 16S rRNA gene, on microbiome samples along a model food chain, including soils, maize roots, cattle rumen, and cattle and human faeces. We also included faeces from gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined bacterial taxa and mock communities to confirm the robustness of our molecular and bioinformatic approaches on these defined low microbial diversity samples. Based on Amplicon Sequence Variants, the primer pair 515F-806R led to the highest estimates of species richness and diversity in all sample types and offered maximum diversity coverage of reference databases in in silico primer analysis. The influence of the DNA extraction kits was negligible compared to the influence of the choice of primer pairs. Comparing microbiomes using 515F-806R revealed that soil and root samples have the highest estimates of species richness, while lowest richness was observed in human faeces. Primer pair choice directly influenced the estimation of community changes within and across compartments and may give rise to preferential detection of specific taxa. This work demonstrates why a standardized approach is necessary to analyse microbiomes within and between source compartments along food chains in the context of the One Health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasimuddin
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Ronchi
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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47
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Chen F, Yin YT, Zhao HM, Wang HY, Zhong YB, Long J, Liu DY. Sishen Pill Treatment of DSS-Induced Colitis via Regulating Interaction With Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Gut Microbiota. Front Physiol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32754049 PMCID: PMC7381313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sishen Pill (SSP) is a typical prescription in the pharmacopeia of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and is usually used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is known that inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs) and imbalance of gut microbiota play significant roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, it is not clear whether SSP can treat IBD by regulating interaction of DCs and gut microbiota. In the present study, the levels of inflammatory DCs and gut microbiota were analyzed by flow cytometry and 16S rDNA analysis. SSP relieved the pathological damage to the colon of mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). As typical indicators of inflammatory DCs, the levels of CD11c+CD103+E-cadherin+ cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, -4, -9, and -17A] were decreased in mice with colitis treated by SSP for 10 days. Simultaneously, the gut microbiota composition was regulated, and beneficial bacteria were increased and pathogenic bacteria were reduced. The results indicated that SSP regulated the interaction between inflammatory DCs and gut microbiota to treat DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - You-Bao Zhong
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian Long
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Formula-Pattern Research Center of Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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48
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Brown EM, Kenny DJ, Xavier RJ. Gut Microbiota Regulation of T Cells During Inflammation and Autoimmunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 37:599-624. [PMID: 31026411 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in influencing the development of host immunity, and in turn the immune system also acts to regulate the microbiota through intestinal barrier maintenance and immune exclusion. Normally, these interactions are homeostatic, tightly controlled, and organized by both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, a combination of environmental exposures and genetic defects can result in a break in tolerance and intestinal homeostasis. The outcomes of these interactions at the mucosal interface have broad, systemic effects on host immunity and the development of chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease. The underlying mechanisms and pathways the microbiota can utilize to regulate these diseases are just starting to emerge. Here, we discuss the recent evidence in this area describing the impact of microbiota-immune interactions during inflammation and autoimmunity, with a focus on barrier function and CD4+ T cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Brown
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Douglas J Kenny
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA; , .,Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA;
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49
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Aindelis G, Chlichlia K. Modulation of Anti-Tumour Immune Responses by Probiotic Bacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020329. [PMID: 32575876 PMCID: PMC7350223 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing amount of evidence to support the beneficial role of a balanced intestinal microbiota, or distinct members thereof, in the manifestation and progression of malignant tumours, not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also in distant tissues as well. Intriguingly, bacterial species have been demonstrated to be indispensable modulatory agents of widely-used immunotherapeutic or chemotherapeutic regiments. However, the exact contribution of commensal bacteria to immunity, as well as to neoplasia formation and response to treatment, has not been fully elucidated, and most of the current knowledge acquired from animal models has yet to be translated to human subjects. Here, recent advances in understanding the interaction of gut microbes with the immune system and the modulation of protective immune responses to cancer, either naturally or in the context of widely-used treatments, are reviewed, along with the implications of these observations for future therapeutic approaches. In this regard, bacterial species capable of facilitating optimal immune responses against cancer have been surveyed. According to the findings summarized here, we suggest that strategies incorporating probiotic bacteria and/or modulation of the intestinal microbiota can be used as immune adjuvants, aiming to optimize the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies and conventional anti-tumour treatments.
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Abstract
Host-microbiota interactions are fundamental for the development of the immune system. Drastic changes in modern environments and lifestyles have led to an imbalance of this evolutionarily ancient process, coinciding with a steep rise in immune-mediated diseases such as autoimmune, allergic and chronic inflammatory disorders. There is an urgent need to better understand these diseases in the context of mucosal and skin microbiota. This Review discusses the mechanisms of how the microbiota contributes to the predisposition, initiation and perpetuation of immune-mediated diseases in the context of a genetically prone host. It is timely owing to the wealth of new studies that recently contributed to this field, ranging from metagenomic studies in humans and mechanistic studies of host-microorganism interactions in gnotobiotic models and in vitro systems, to molecular mechanisms with broader implications across immune-mediated diseases. We focus on the general principles, such as breaches in immune tolerance and barriers, leading to the promotion of immune-mediated diseases by gut, oral and skin microbiota. Lastly, the therapeutic avenues that either target the microbiota, the barrier surfaces or the host immune system to restore tolerance and homeostasis will be explored.
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