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Legare S, Heide F, Gabir H, Rafiei F, Meier M, Padilla-Meier GP, Koch M, Stetefeld J. Identifying the molecular basis of Laminin N-terminal domain Ca 2+ binding using a hybrid approach. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00388-6. [PMID: 38851889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is a highly abundant ion involved in numerous biological processes, particularly in multicellular eukaryotic organisms where it exerts many of these functions through interactions with Ca2+ binding proteins. The laminin N-terminal (LN) domain is found in members of the laminin and netrin protein families where it plays a critical role in the function of these proteins. The LN domain of laminins and netrins is a Ca2+ binding domain and in many cases requires Ca2+ to perform its biological function. Here, we conduct a detailed examination of the molecular basis of the LN domain Ca2+ interaction combining structural, computational, bioinformatics, and biophysical techniques. By combining computational and bioinformatic techniques with x-ray crystallography we explore the molecular basis of the LN domain Ca2+ interaction and identify a conserved sequence present in Ca2+ binding LN domains. These findings enable a sequence-based prediction of LN domain Ca2+ binding ability. We use thermal shift assays and isothermal titration calorimetry to explore the biophysical properties of the LN domain Ca2+ interaction. We show that the netrin-1 LN domain exhibits a high affinity and specificity for Ca2+, which structurally stabilizes the LN domain. This study elucidates the molecular foundation of the LN domain Ca2+ binding interaction and provides a detailed functional characterization of this essential interaction, advancing our understanding of protein-Ca2+ dynamics within the context of the LN domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Legare
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Fabian Heide
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Haben Gabir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Faride Rafiei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Markus Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg Stetefeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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2
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Ross JB, Myers LM, Noh JJ, Collins MM, Carmody AB, Messer RJ, Dhuey E, Hasenkrug KJ, Weissman IL. Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity. Nature 2024; 628:162-170. [PMID: 38538791 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Ageing of the immune system is characterized by decreased lymphopoiesis and adaptive immunity, and increased inflammation and myeloid pathologies1,2. Age-related changes in populations of self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are thought to underlie these phenomena3. During youth, HSCs with balanced output of lymphoid and myeloid cells (bal-HSCs) predominate over HSCs with myeloid-biased output (my-HSCs), thereby promoting the lymphopoiesis required for initiating adaptive immune responses, while limiting the production of myeloid cells, which can be pro-inflammatory4. Ageing is associated with increased proportions of my-HSCs, resulting in decreased lymphopoiesis and increased myelopoiesis3,5,6. Transfer of bal-HSCs results in abundant lymphoid and myeloid cells, a stable phenotype that is retained after secondary transfer; my-HSCs also retain their patterns of production after secondary transfer5. The origin and potential interconversion of these two subsets is still unclear. If they are separate subsets postnatally, it might be possible to reverse the ageing phenotype by eliminating my-HSCs in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that antibody-mediated depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system, including increasing common lymphocyte progenitors, naive T cells and B cells, while decreasing age-related markers of immune decline. Depletion of my-HSCs in aged mice improves primary and secondary adaptive immune responses to viral infection. These findings may have relevance to the understanding and intervention of diseases exacerbated or caused by dominance of the haematopoietic system by my-HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Ross
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara M Myers
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Madison M Collins
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT, USA
| | - Aaron B Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Ronald J Messer
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Erica Dhuey
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Yeshaya N, Gupta PK, Dym O, Morgenstern D, Major DT, Fass D. VWD domain stabilization by autocatalytic Asp-Pro cleavage. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4929. [PMID: 38380729 PMCID: PMC10880436 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Domains known as von Willebrand factor type D (VWD) are found in extracellular and cell-surface proteins including von Willebrand factor, mucins, and various signaling molecules and receptors. Many VWD domains have a glycine-aspartate-proline-histidine (GDPH) amino-acid sequence motif, which is hydrolytically cleaved post-translationally between the aspartate (Asp) and proline (Pro). The Fc IgG binding protein (FCGBP), found in intestinal mucus secretions and other extracellular environments, contains 13 VWD domains, 11 of which have a GDPH cleavage site. In this study, we investigated the structural and biophysical consequences of Asp-Pro peptide cleavage in a representative FCGBP VWD domain. We found that endogenous Asp-Pro cleavage increases the resistance of the domain to exogenous proteolytic degradation. Tertiary structural interactions made by the newly generated chain termini, as revealed by a crystal structure of an FCGBP segment containing the VWD domain, may explain this observation. Notably, the Gly-Asp peptide bond, upstream of the cleavage site, assumed the cis configuration in the structure. In addition to these local features of the cleavage site, a global organizational difference was seen when comparing the FCGBP segment structure with the numerous other structures containing the same set of domains. Together, these data illuminate the outcome of GDPH cleavage and demonstrate the plasticity of proteins with VWD domains, which may contribute to their evolution for function in a dynamic extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Yeshaya
- Department of Chemical and Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced MaterialsBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Orly Dym
- Department of Life Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - David Morgenstern
- De Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized MedicineWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced MaterialsBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Deborah Fass
- Department of Chemical and Structural BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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4
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Sempert K, Shohayeb B, Lanoue V, O'Brien EA, Flores C, Cooper HM. RGMa and Neogenin control dendritic spine morphogenesis via WAVE Regulatory Complex-mediated actin remodeling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1253801. [PMID: 37928069 PMCID: PMC10620725 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1253801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural plasticity, the ability of dendritic spines to change their volume in response to synaptic stimulation, is an essential determinant of synaptic strength and long-term potentiation (LTP), the proposed cellular substrate for learning and memory. Branched actin polymerization is a major force driving spine enlargement and sustains structural plasticity. The WAVE Regulatory Complex (WRC), a pivotal branched actin regulator, controls spine morphology and therefore structural plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern WRC activation during spine enlargement are largely unknown. Here we identify a critical role for Neogenin and its ligand RGMa (Repulsive Guidance Molecule a) in promoting spine enlargement through the activation of WRC-mediated branched actin remodeling. We demonstrate that Neogenin regulates WRC activity by binding to the highly conserved Cyfip/Abi binding pocket within the WRC. We find that after Neogenin or RGMa depletion, the proportions of filopodia and immature thin spines are dramatically increased, and the number of mature mushroom spines concomitantly decreased. Wildtype Neogenin, but not Neogenin bearing mutations in the Cyfip/Abi binding motif, is able to rescue the spine enlargement defect. Furthermore, Neogenin depletion inhibits actin polymerization in the spine head, an effect that is not restored by the mutant. We conclude that RGMa and Neogenin are critical modulators of WRC-mediated branched actin polymerization promoting spine enlargement. This study also provides mechanistic insight into Neogenin's emerging role in LTP induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sempert
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Belal Shohayeb
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lanoue
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A O'Brien
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Cecilia Flores
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Helen M Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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Zhang J, Xu Y, Wei C, Yin Z, Pan W, Zhao M, Ding W, Xu S, Liu J, Yu J, Ye J, Ye D, Qin JJ, Wan J, Wang M. Macrophage neogenin deficiency exacerbates myocardial remodeling and inflammation after acute myocardial infarction through JAK1-STAT1 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:324. [PMID: 37824022 PMCID: PMC11072237 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune response plays a crucial role in post-myocardial infarction (MI) myocardial remodeling. Neogenin (Neo1), a multifunctional transmembrane receptor, plays a critical role in the immune response; however, whether Neo1 participates in pathological myocardial remodeling after MI is unclear. Our study found that Neo1 expression changed significantly after MI in vivo and after LPS + IFN-γ stimulation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro. Neo1 functional deficiency (using a neutralizing antibody) and macrophage-specific Neo1 deficiency (induced by Neo1flox/flox;Cx3cr1cre mice) increased infarction size, enhanced cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and exacerbated left ventricular dysfunction post-MI in mice. Mechanistically, Neo1 deficiency promoted macrophage infiltration into the ischemic myocardium and transformation to a proinflammatory phenotype, subsequently exacerbating the inflammatory response and impairing inflammation resolution post-MI. Neo1 deficiency regulated macrophage phenotype and function, possibly through the JAK1-STAT1 pathway, as confirmed in BMDMs in vitro. Blocking the JAK1-STAT1 pathway with fludarabine phosphate abolished the impact of Neo1 on macrophage phenotype and function, inflammatory response, inflammation resolution, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, infarction size and cardiac function. In conclusion, Neo1 deficiency aggravates inflammation and left ventricular remodeling post-MI by modulating macrophage phenotypes and functions via the JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway. These findings highlight the anti-inflammatory potential of Neo1, offering new perspectives for therapeutic targets in MI treatment. Neo1 deficiency aggravated inflammation and left ventricular remodeling after MI by modulating macrophage phenotypes and functions via the JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junping Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan-Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Center for Healthy Aging, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Yuan X, Shen G, Xiao H, Wang Z, Ma Y, Qin X. Netrin-1 and RGMa: Novel Regulators of Atherosclerosis-Related Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07478-5. [PMID: 37439909 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have been demonstrated to guide the elongation of neuronal axonal growth cones in the developing central nervous system. Non-neuronal functions of NGPs have also been described, especially in relation to atherosclerosis. FINDINGS Netrin-1 and repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) are NGPs that have been shown to regulate endothelial cell adhesion and angiogenesis, macrophage migration and apoptosis, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) phenotypic dedifferentiation and mobility, chemokine activities, and inflammatory responses during atherosclerosis initiation and progression. PURPOSES However, mechanistic studies have generated controversy about the specific role of Netrin-1 in atherosclerosis due to the diversity of its structure, receptors and cell sources, and the actions of RGMa in atherosclerosis have not been reported in previous reviews. Therefore, the current work reviews the evidence for roles of Netrin-1 and RGMa in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and discusses potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Guanru Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Hongmei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, Yuzhong District, China.
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7
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Furlan G, Huyghe A, Combémorel N, Lavial F. Molecular versatility during pluripotency progression. Nat Commun 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 36604434 PMCID: PMC9814743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A challenge during development is to ensure lineage segregation while preserving plasticity. Using pluripotency progression as a paradigm, we review how developmental transitions are coordinated by redeployments, rather than global resettings, of cellular components. We highlight how changes in response to extrinsic cues (FGF, WNT, Activin/Nodal, Netrin-1), context- and stoichiometry-dependent action of transcription factors (Oct4, Nanog) and reconfigurations of epigenetic regulators (enhancers, promoters, TrxG, PRC) may confer robustness to naïve to primed pluripotency transition. We propose the notion of Molecular Versatility to regroup mechanisms by which molecules are repurposed to exert different, sometimes opposite, functions in close stem cell configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Furlan
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aurélia Huyghe
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Noémie Combémorel
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Fabrice Lavial
- Cellular reprogramming, stem cells and oncogenesis laboratory - Equipe labellisée La Ligue Contre le Cancer - LabEx Dev2Can - Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.
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8
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Cortés E, Pak JS, Özkan E. Structure and evolution of neuronal wiring receptors and ligands. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:27-60. [PMID: 35727136 PMCID: PMC10084454 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental properties of a neuronal circuit is the map of its connections. The cellular and developmental processes that allow for the growth of axons and dendrites, selection of synaptic targets, and formation of functional synapses use neuronal surface receptors and their interactions with other surface receptors, secreted ligands, and matrix molecules. Spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of these receptors and cues allows for specificity in the developmental pathways that wire stereotyped circuits. The families of molecules controlling axon guidance and synapse formation are generally conserved across animals, with some important exceptions, which have consequences for neuronal connectivity. Here, we summarize the distribution of such molecules across multiple taxa, with a focus on model organisms, evolutionary processes that led to the multitude of such molecules, and functional consequences for the diversification or loss of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph S Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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9
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Akkermans O, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Peregrina C, Carrasquero-Ordaz M, Kokolaki M, Berbeira-Santana M, Chavent M, Reynaud F, Raj R, Agirre J, Aksu M, White ES, Lowe E, Ben Amar D, Zaballa S, Huo J, Pakos I, McCubbin PTN, Comoletti D, Owens RJ, Robinson CV, Castellani V, Del Toro D, Seiradake E. GPC3-Unc5 receptor complex structure and role in cell migration. Cell 2022; 185:3931-3949.e26. [PMID: 36240740 PMCID: PMC9596381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neural migration is a critical step during brain development that requires the interactions of cell-surface guidance receptors. Cancer cells often hijack these mechanisms to disseminate. Here, we reveal crystal structures of Uncoordinated-5 receptor D (Unc5D) in complex with morphogen receptor glypican-3 (GPC3), forming an octameric glycoprotein complex. In the complex, four Unc5D molecules pack into an antiparallel bundle, flanked by four GPC3 molecules. Central glycan-glycan interactions are formed by N-linked glycans emanating from GPC3 (N241 in human) and C-mannosylated tryptophans of the Unc5D thrombospondin-like domains. MD simulations, mass spectrometry and structure-based mutants validate the crystallographic data. Anti-GPC3 nanobodies enhance or weaken Unc5-GPC3 binding and, together with mutant proteins, show that Unc5/GPC3 guide migrating pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, and cancer cells in an embryonic xenograft neuroblastoma model. The results demonstrate a conserved structural mechanism of cell guidance, where finely balanced Unc5-GPC3 interactions regulate cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onno Akkermans
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Peregrina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carrasquero-Ordaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Kokolaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Berbeira-Santana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthieu Chavent
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Florie Reynaud
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Metin Aksu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor S White
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dounia Ben Amar
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Zaballa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Pakos
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Patrick T N McCubbin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Davide Comoletti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK; Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol V Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valérie Castellani
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Daniel Del Toro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Seiradake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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10
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Transsynaptic cerebellin 4-neogenin 1 signaling mediates LTP in the mouse dentate gyrus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123421119. [PMID: 35544694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123421119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceSynapses are controlled by transsynaptic adhesion complexes that mediate bidirectional signaling between pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is thought to enable synaptic modifications during memory formation, but the signaling mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show that binding of cerebellin-4 (Cbln4), a secreted ligand of presynaptic neurexin adhesion molecules, to neogenin-1, a postsynaptic surface protein known as a developmental netrin receptor, is essential for normal LTP at entorhinal cortex→dentate gyrus synapses in mice. Cbln4 and neogenin-1 are dispensable for basal synaptic transmission and not involved in establishing synaptic connections as such. Our data identify a netrin receptor as a postsynaptic organizer of synaptic plasticity that collaborates specifically with the presynaptic neurexin-ligand Cbln4.
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11
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Heras-Romero Y, Morales-Guadarrama A, Santana-Martínez R, Ponce I, Rincón-Heredia R, Poot-Hernández AC, Martínez-Moreno A, Urrieta E, Bernal-Vicente BN, Campero-Romero AN, Moreno-Castilla P, Greig NH, Escobar ML, Concha L, Tovar-Y-Romo LB. Improved post-stroke spontaneous recovery by astrocytic extracellular vesicles. Mol Ther 2022; 30:798-815. [PMID: 34563674 PMCID: PMC8821969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery after a stroke accounts for a significant part of the neurological recovery in patients. However limited, the spontaneous recovery is mechanistically driven by axonal restorative processes for which several molecular cues have been previously described. We report the acceleration of spontaneous recovery in a preclinical model of ischemia/reperfusion in rats via a single intracerebroventricular administration of extracellular vesicles released from primary cortical astrocytes. We used magnetic resonance imaging and confocal and multiphoton microscopy to correlate the structural remodeling of the corpus callosum and striatocortical circuits with neurological performance during 21 days. We also evaluated the functionality of the corpus callosum by repetitive recordings of compound action potentials to show that the recovery facilitated by astrocytic extracellular vesicles was both anatomical and functional. Our data provide compelling evidence that astrocytes can hasten the basal recovery that naturally occurs post-stroke through the release of cellular mediators contained in extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica Heras-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Axayacatl Morales-Guadarrama
- Departmento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; National Center for Medical Imaging and Instrumentation Research, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Santana-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Isaac Ponce
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Rincón-Heredia
- Microscopy Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Augusto César Poot-Hernández
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Martínez-Moreno
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Esteban Urrieta
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice N Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aura N Campero-Romero
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Laboratory of Neurocognitive Aging, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martha L Escobar
- Divisíon de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Concha
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Luis B Tovar-Y-Romo
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Will Cannabigerol Trigger Neuroregeneration after a Spinal Cord Injury? An In Vitro Answer from NSC-34 Scratch-Injured Cells Transcriptome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020117. [PMID: 35215230 PMCID: PMC8875351 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury affects the lives of millions of people around the world, often causing disability and, in unfortunate circumstances, death. Rehabilitation can partly improve outcomes and only a small percentage of patients, typically the least injured, can hope to return to normal living conditions. Cannabis sativa is gaining more and more interest in recent years, even though its beneficial properties have been known for thousands of years. Cannabigerol (CBG), extracted from C. sativa, is defined as the “mother of all cannabinoids” and its properties range from anti-inflammatory to antioxidant and neuroprotection. Using NSC-34 cells to model spinal cord injury in vitro, our work evaluated the properties of CBG treatments in motor neuron regeneration. While pre-treatment can modulate oxidative stress and increase antioxidant enzyme genes, such as Tnx1, decreasing Nos1 post-treatment seems to induce regeneration genes by triggering different pathways, such as Gap43 via p53 acetylation by Ep300 and Ddit3 and Xbp1 via Bdnf signaling, along with cytoskeletal remodeling signaling genes Nrp1 and Map1b. Our results indicate CBG as a phytocompound worth further investigation in the field of neuronal regeneration.
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13
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Coupland CE, Andrei SA, Ansell TB, Carrique L, Kumar P, Sefer L, Schwab RA, Byrne EFX, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Magee AI, Lanyon-Hogg T, Sansom MSP, Tate EW, Siebold C. Structure, mechanism, and inhibition of Hedgehog acyltransferase. Mol Cell 2021; 81:5025-5038.e10. [PMID: 34890564 PMCID: PMC8693861 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) morphogen pathway is fundamental for embryonic development and stem cell maintenance and is implicated in various cancers. A key step in signaling is transfer of a palmitate group to the SHH N terminus, catalyzed by the multi-pass transmembrane enzyme Hedgehog acyltransferase (HHAT). We present the high-resolution cryo-EM structure of HHAT bound to substrate analog palmityl-coenzyme A and a SHH-mimetic megabody, revealing a heme group bound to HHAT that is essential for HHAT function. A structure of HHAT bound to potent small-molecule inhibitor IMP-1575 revealed conformational changes in the active site that occlude substrate binding. Our multidisciplinary analysis provides a detailed view of the mechanism by which HHAT adapts the membrane environment to transfer an acyl chain across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This structure of a membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) superfamily member provides a blueprint for other protein-substrate MBOATs and a template for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Coupland
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sebastian A Andrei
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - T Bertie Ansell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Lea Sefer
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rebekka A Schwab
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Eamon F X Byrne
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Biotechnologie (VIB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut Biotechnologie (VIB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anthony I Magee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Lanyon-Hogg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.
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14
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Unraveling Axon Guidance during Axotomy and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158344. [PMID: 34361110 PMCID: PMC8347220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During neuronal development and regeneration axons extend a cytoskeletal-rich structure known as the growth cone, which detects and integrates signals to reach its final destination. The guidance cues “signals” bind their receptors, activating signaling cascades that result in the regulation of the growth cone cytoskeleton, defining growth cone advance, pausing, turning, or collapse. Even though much is known about guidance cues and their isolated mechanisms during nervous system development, there is still a gap in the understanding of the crosstalk between them, and about what happens after nervous system injuries. After neuronal injuries in mammals, only axons in the peripheral nervous system are able to regenerate, while the ones from the central nervous system fail to do so. Therefore, untangling the guidance cues mechanisms, as well as their behavior and characterization after axotomy and regeneration, are of special interest for understanding and treating neuronal injuries. In this review, we present findings on growth cone guidance and canonical guidance cues mechanisms, followed by a description and comparison of growth cone pathfinding mechanisms after axotomy, in regenerative and non-regenerative animal models.
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15
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Müller T. View Point: Disease Modification and Cell Secretome Based Approaches in Parkinson's Disease: Are We on the Right Track? Biologics 2021; 15:307-316. [PMID: 34349499 PMCID: PMC8328382 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s267281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The term idiopathic Parkinson's disease describes an entity of various not well-characterized disorders resembling each other. They are characterized by chronic neuronal dying originating from various disease mechanisms. They result in the onset of motor and related non-motor features, both of which respond to administration of personalized drug combinations and surgical therapies. The unmet need is beneficial disease course modification with repair and neurogenesis. Objectives are to discuss the value of cell secretome based treatments including neuronal graft transplantation and to suggest as an alternative the stimulation of an endogenous available approach for neuronal repair. Chronic neurodegenerative processes result from different heterogeneous, but complementing metabolic, pathological cascade sequences. Accumulated evidence from experimental research suggested neuron transplantation, stem cell application and cell secretome-based therapies as a promising future treatment with cure as an ultimate goal. To date, clinical testing of disease-modifying treatments has focused on substitution or repair of the remaining dopamine synthesizing neurons following diagnosis. At diagnosis, many of the still surviving and functioning, but already affected neurons have lost most of their axons and are primed for cell death. A more promising therapeutic concept may be the stimulation of an existing, endogenous repair system in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The abundant protein repulsive guidance molecule A blocks restoration and neurogenesis, both of which are mediated via the neogenin receptor. Inhibition of the physiological effects of repulsive guidance molecule A is an endogenous available repair pathway in chronic neurodegeneration. Antagonism of this protein with antibodies or stimulation of the neogenin receptor should be considered as an initial repair step. It is an alternative to cell replacement, stem cell or associated cell secretome concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Müller
- Department of Neurology, St. Joseph Hospital Berlin-Weissensee, Berlin, 13088, Germany
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16
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Repulsive Guidance Molecule-a and Central Nervous System Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5532116. [PMID: 33997000 PMCID: PMC8112912 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5532116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule-a (RGMa) is a member of glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchored protein family, which has axon guidance function and is widely involved in the development and pathological processes of the central nervous system (CNS). On the one hand, the binding of RGMa and its receptor Neogenin can regulate axonal guidance, differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons, and the survival of these cells; on the other hand, RGMa can inhibit functional recovery of CNS by inhibiting axonal growth. A number of studies have shown that RGMa may be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum diseases, cerebral infarction, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Targeting RGMa can enhance the functional recovery of CNS, so it may become a promising target for the treatment of CNS diseases. This article will comprehensively review the research progression of RGMa in various CNS diseases up to date.
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17
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Hepatocyte neogenin, another key actor in iron homeostasis. Blood 2021; 138:423-425. [PMID: 34383040 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Perspective: Treatment for Disease Modification in Chronic Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040873. [PMID: 33921342 PMCID: PMC8069143 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic treatments are available for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. An unmet need is cure or disease modification. This review discusses possible reasons for negative clinical study outcomes on disease modification following promising positive findings from experimental research. It scrutinizes current research paradigms for disease modification with antibodies against pathological protein enrichment, such as α-synuclein, amyloid or tau, based on post mortem findings. Instead a more uniform regenerative and reparative therapeutic approach for chronic neurodegenerative disease entities is proposed with stimulation of an endogenously existing repair system, which acts independent of specific disease mechanisms. The repulsive guidance molecule A pathway is involved in the regulation of peripheral and central neuronal restoration. Therapeutic antagonism of repulsive guidance molecule A reverses neurodegeneration according to experimental outcomes in numerous disease models in rodents and monkeys. Antibodies against repulsive guidance molecule A exist. First clinical studies in neurological conditions with an acute onset are under way. Future clinical trials with these antibodies should initially focus on well characterized uniform cohorts of patients. The efficiency of repulsive guidance molecule A antagonism and associated stimulation of neurogenesis should be demonstrated with objective assessment tools to counteract dilution of therapeutic effects by subjectivity and heterogeneity of chronic disease entities. Such a research concept will hopefully enhance clinical test strategies and improve the future therapeutic armamentarium for chronic neurodegeneration.
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