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Tan KBC, Alexander HD, Linden J, Murray EK, Gibson DS. Anti-inflammatory effects of phytocannabinoids and terpenes on inflamed Tregs and Th17 cells in vitro. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 139:104924. [PMID: 39208564 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Phytocannabinoids and terpenes from Cannabis sativa have demonstrated limited anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in several inflammatory conditions. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that phytocannabinoids exert immunomodulatory effects in vitro by decreasing inflammatory cytokine expression and activation. KEY METHODS CD3/CD28 and lipopolysaccharide activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors (n = 6) were treated with phytocannabinoid compounds and terpenes in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to determine regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses to treatments. Cell pellets were harvested for qRT-PCR gene expression analysis of cytokines, cell activation markers, and inflammation-related receptors. Cell culture supernatants were analysed by ELISA to quantify IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 secretion. MAIN FINDINGS In an initial screen of 20 μM cannabinoids and terpenes which were coded to blind investigators, cannabigerol (GL4a), caryophyllene oxide (GL5a) and gamma-terpinene (GL6a) significantly reduced cytotoxicity and gene expression levels of IL6, IL10, TNF, TRPV1, CNR1, HTR1A, FOXP3, RORC and NFKΒ1. Tetrahydrocannabinol (GL7a) suppression of T cell activation was associated with downregulation of RORC and NFKΒ1 gene expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and IL10 (p < 0.01) secretion. Cannabidiol (GL1b) significantly suppressed activation of Tregs (p < 0.05) and Th17 cells (p < 0.05) in a follow-on in vitro dose-response study. IL-6 (p < 0.01) and IL-10 (p < 0.01) secretion was significantly reduced with 50 μM cannabidiol. SIGNIFICANCE The study provides the first evidence that cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol suppress extracellular expression of both anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines in an in vitro PBMC model of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle B C Tan
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Londonderry BT47 6SB, United Kingdom
| | - H Denis Alexander
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Londonderry BT47 6SB, United Kingdom
| | - James Linden
- GreenLight Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Unit 2, Block E, Nutgrove Office Park, Dublin 14, Ireland
| | - Elaine K Murray
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Londonderry BT47 6SB, United Kingdom
| | - David S Gibson
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC Building, Londonderry BT47 6SB, United Kingdom.
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Taylor JA, Smith ZZ, Anderson ME, Holbrook EM, Elkinbard IS, Reuter JD, Lowry CA, Barth DS. Prenatal broad-spectrum cannabidiol administration prevents an autism-like phenotype in male offspring from a maternal stress/terbutaline rat model. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 40:100828. [PMID: 39170798 PMCID: PMC11337682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased from 1 in 150 to every 1 in 36 children in the United States, warranting a need for novel prevention and therapeutic strategies. Broad-spectrum cannabidiol oil, free from delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the psychoactive component of cannabis, may be one such therapeutic. It has a high safety profile and is frequently used as a complementary and integrative intervention by persons experiencing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and inflammation. Using a neurodevelopmental rat model of ASD (based on neuroinflammation induced by stress and terbutaline exposure during pre- and postnatal development), we sought to prevent the development of ASD-like behaviors in male offspring by administering broad-spectrum cannabidiol oil to dams throughout pregnancy (10 mg/kg, i.p., daily, embryonic days 3-16). To assess an ASD-like phenotype in the offspring, we used three behavioral measures relevant to three core ASD symptoms: 1) social communication (time spent vocalizing when alone); 2) repetitive behavior (marbles buried during a marble burying test); and 3) social interaction (time spent interacting with a novel conspecific during the three-chamber social interaction test). Broad-spectrum cannabidiol oil given during pregnancy decreased scores for all three ASD-related behavioral responses, resulting in an overall significant prevention of the ASD-like phenotype. These findings highlight the potential of broad-spectrum cannabidiol oil as a complementary and integrative approach for prevention of stressor-induced sequelae relevant to development of an ASD-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Taylor
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Zachariah Z. Smith
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Michael E. Anderson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Evan M. Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Isabella S. Elkinbard
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Jon D. Reuter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Daniel S. Barth
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
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Ma R, Xie N, Shu Y, Wu Y, He P, Xiang Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Cannabidiol alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice by regulating NF-κB and PPAR-α pathways. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10141. [PMID: 38711461 PMCID: PMC11070938 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis has become a serious public health problem that can develop into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and even lead to death. Cannabidiol (CBD), which is an abundant nonpsychoactive component in the cannabis plant, exerts cytoprotective effects in many diseases and under pathological conditions. In our previous studies, CBD significantly attenuated liver injury induced by chronic and binge alcohol in a mouse model and oxidative bursts in human neutrophils. However, the effects of CBD on liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms still need to be further explored. A mouse liver fibrosis model was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 10 weeks and used to explore the protective properties of CBD and related molecular mechanisms. After the injection protocol, serum samples and livers were used for molecular biology, biochemical and pathological analyses. The results showed that CBD could effectively improve liver function and reduce liver damage and liver fibrosis progression in mice; the expression levels of transaminase and fibrotic markers were reduced, and histopathological characteristics were improved. Moreover, CBD inhibited the levels of inflammatory cytokines and reduced the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB, NF-κB, p-IκBα, p-p38 MAPK, and COX-2 but increased the expression level of PPAR-α. We found that CBD-mediated protection involves inhibiting NF-κB and activating PPAR-α. In conclusion, these results suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of CBD may be due to suppressing the inflammatory response in CCl4-induced mice and that the NF-κB and PPAR-α signaling pathways might be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Ma
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Xie
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanhui Shu
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People’s Hospital of Ya’an City, Ya’an, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping He
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yining Xiang
- Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Szymanowska D, Szulc P, Cielecka-Piontek J. Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38667045 PMCID: PMC11047504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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Garzón HS, Loaiza-Oliva M, Martínez-Pabón MC, Puerta-Suárez J, Téllez Corral MA, Bueno-Silva B, Suárez DR, Díaz-Báez D, Suárez LJ. Antibiofilm and Immune-Modulatory Activity of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol in Oral Environments-In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:342. [PMID: 38667018 PMCID: PMC11047394 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties and the immune modulatory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) on oral bacteria and periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PLF). METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry on fibroblasts derived from the periodontal ligament. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CBD and CBG for S. mutans and C. albicans and the metabolic activity of a subgingival 33-species biofilm under CBD and CBG treatments were determined. The Quantification of cytokines was performed using the LEGENDplex kit (BioLegend, Ref 740930, San Diego, CA, USA). RESULTS CBD-treated cell viability was greater than 95%, and for CBG, it was higher than 88%. MIC for S. mutans with CBD was 20 µM, and 10 µM for CBG. For C. albicans, no inhibitory effect was observed. Multispecies biofilm metabolic activity was reduced by 50.38% with CBD at 125 µg/mL (p = 0.03) and 39.9% with CBG at 62 µg/mL (p = 0.023). CBD exposure at 500 µg/mL reduced the metabolic activity of the formed biofilm by 15.41%, but CBG did not have an effect. CBG at 10 µM caused considerable production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGF-β and IL-4 at 12 h. CBD at 10 µM to 20 µM produced the highest amount of IFN-γ. CONCLUSION Both CBG and CBD inhibit S. mutans; they also moderately lower the metabolic activity of multispecies biofilms that form; however, CBD had an effect on biofilms that had already developed. This, together with the production of anti-inflammatory mediators and the maintenance of the viability of mammalian cells from the oral cavity, make these substances promising for clinical use and should be taken into account for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Santiago Garzón
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (H.S.G.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Manuela Loaiza-Oliva
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - María Cecilia Martínez-Pabón
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
| | - Jenniffer Puerta-Suárez
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (M.L.-O.); (M.C.M.-P.); (J.P.-S.)
- Grupo Reproducción, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Mayra Alexandra Téllez Corral
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos 07023-070, Brazil;
- Departamento de Biociências, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel R. Suárez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (H.S.G.); (D.R.S.)
| | - David Díaz-Báez
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation-UIBO, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 11001, Colombia;
| | - Lina J. Suárez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Departamento del Sistema Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
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Miller G, Pareek O, Penman SL, Thanos PK. The Effects of Nicotine and Cannabinoids on Cytokines. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:2468-2484. [PMID: 38859790 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128293077240529111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The usage of nicotine and cannabinoids has rapidly grown in popularity, leading to increased research into how they can affect people's health, both positively and negatively. Nicotine, Cannabidiol (CBD), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have been shown to have significant effects on cytokine function and inflammatory response. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review and summarize the current literature on the effects of nicotine and cannabinoids on cytokines, including interleukins, TNF, IFN, and TGF-β. METHODS Literature search was conducted on Medline/PubMed electronic databases utilizing the search terms "nicotine" OR "cannabis" OR "cannabinoids" AND "cytokine" AND "inflammation" AND "stress" AND "immune" from 11/1973 to 02/2024. RESULTS THC and CBD usage have been associated with conflicting impacts on immune response, and observed to both exacerbate and inhibit inflammation. Nicotine has been shown to be generally proinflammatory with regards to cytokines. These responses have been reported to have significant effects on bodily response to inflammation-related diseases. Nicotine usage is associated with worsened outcomes for some conditions, like chronic pain, but improved outcomes for others, like arthritis. The impacts of cannabinoid usage tend to be more positive, exerting anti-inflammatory effects across a wide range of diseases. Given the widespread usage of these substances, it is important to understand the nature of their consequences on immune functions and the underlying mechanisms by which they act. CONCLUSION This review has covered how cannabinoids and nicotine affect inflammation directly and how these effects can be attributed to the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In summary, the existing research studying the effects of cannabinoids and nicotine supports the major relationship between nicotine and cannabis use and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Miller
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14068, United States
| | - Ojas Pareek
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14068, United States
| | - Samantha L Penman
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14068, United States
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14068, United States
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Dixon T, Cadenhead KS. Cannabidiol versus placebo as adjunctive treatment in early psychosis: study protocol for randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:775. [PMID: 38037108 PMCID: PMC10691114 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07789-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are a leading cause of disability in young adults. Antipsychotics have been the primary intervention for psychosis for over 60 years, and yet, we have made little progress in treating negative symptoms, neurocognition, and functional disability. There is growing evidence that cannabidiol (CBD) is effective in treating positive psychotic symptoms, possibly also negative and neurocognitive symptoms, and moreover is well tolerated compared to other psychotropic medications. Anecdotally, patients participating in the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation (CARE) Early Psychosis Treatment Program at the University of California, San Diego, are self-administering CBD and report subjective improvement in stress, anxiety, and ability to cope with symptoms. The overarching aim of the trial is to explore the effectiveness of CBD augmentation on symptoms and neurocognition in early psychosis while also exploring the mechanism of action of CBD and predictors of response to treatment. The mechanism by which cannabidiol has a therapeutic effect on psychosis is poorly understood. Recent evidence has suggested that CBD may reduce stress and pro-inflammatory biomarker levels. Endocannabinoids also have powerful roles in eating behavior, reward, and mood, indicating these neurotransmitters may play a role in reducing hyperphagia and metabolic abnormalities that are present early in the course of psychotic illness and exacerbated by antipsychotic medication. The neurophysiological effects of CBD have been studied in animal models of psychosis that show improvements in information processing in response to CBD, but there are no studies in individuals with early psychosis. METHOD A total of 120 individuals in the early stages of psychosis will be randomized to 1000 mg of CBD versus placebo as an adjunct to existing treatment in a 8-week, double-blind superiority randomized control trial. The primary outcome measures are symptoms and neurocognition. DISCUSSION We hypothesized that CBD will improve symptoms and neurocognition as well as secondary outcome measures of neurohormones, inflammation, eating behaviors, and information processing. Importantly, predictors, moderators, and mediators of the CBD effects will be examined. A better understanding of which individuals are likely to respond to CBD can inform treatment planning and personalize treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04411225. Registered on June 2, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0810, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0810, USA
| | - K S Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive 0810, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0810, USA.
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Pénzes Z, Alimohammadi S, Horváth D, Oláh A, Tóth BI, Bácsi A, Szöllősi AG. The dual role of cannabidiol on monocyte-derived dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240800. [PMID: 37680639 PMCID: PMC10482398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracts and compounds isolated from hemp (Cannabis sativa) are increasingly gaining popularity in the treatment of a number of diseases, with topical formulations for dermatological conditions leading the way. Phytocannabinoids such as ( )-cannabidiol, ( )-cannabinol and ( )-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (CBD, CBN, and THCV, respectively), are present in variable amounts in the plant, and have been shown to have mostly anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, albeit dominantly in murine models. The role of phytocannabinoids in regulating responses of dendritic cells (DCs) remains unclear. Methods Our research aimed to investigate the effects of CBD, CBN, and THCV on human DCs differentiated from monocytes (moDCs). moDCs were treated with up to 10 μM of each phytocannabinoid, and their effects on viability, differentiation, and maturation were assessed both alone, and in conjunction with TLR agonists. The effects of CBD on cytokine production, T cell activation and polarization as well as the transcriptome of moDCs was also determined. Results Phytocannabinoids did not influence the viability of moDCs up to 10 μM, and only CBD had effects on maturational markers of moDCs, and neither compound influenced LPS-induced activation at 10 μM. Since only CBD had measurable effects on moDCs, in our subsequent experiments we tested the effect only of that pCB. On moDCs differentiated in the presence of CBD subsequent activation by LPS induced a markedly different, much more tolerogenic response. CBD-treated moDCs also produced significantly more interleukin (IL)-6, TNFα and, importantly, IL-10 in response to LPS, which shows a shift toward anti-inflammatory signaling, as well as a more robust secretory response in general. To rule out the possibility that these effects of CBD are specific to TLR4 signaling, we determined the effect of CBD on TLR7/8-induced maturation as well, and saw similar, although less marked responses. CBD-treated moDCs were also less efficient at activating naïve T cells after LPS stimulation, further supporting the tolerogenic effect of this phytocannabinoid on moDCs. Reactome pathway analysis showed an inflammatory response to LPS in moDCs, and to a lesser extent to CBD as well. In contrast CBD-treated moDCs responded to LPS with a shift towards a more tolerogenic phenotype, as IL-10 signaling was the most prominently induced pathway in this group. Discussion Our results show that CBD achieves an anti-inflammatory effect on adaptive immune responses only in the presence of an activating stimuli on moDCs by reprogramming cells during long-term treatment, and not through acute, short-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Pénzes
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Shahrzad Alimohammadi
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Dorottya Horváth
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Bácsi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Allergology Research Group, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Yan C, Li Y, Liu H, Chen D, Wu J. Antitumor mechanism of cannabidiol hidden behind cancer hallmarks. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188905. [PMID: 37164234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoids have been utilized for recreational and therapeutic purposes for over 4,000 years. As the primary ingredient in exogenous cannabinoids, Cannabidiol (CBD) has drawn a lot of interest from researchers due to its negligible psychotropic side effects and potential tumor-suppressing properties. However, the obscure mechanisms that underlie them remain a mystery. Complex biological mechanisms are involved in the progression of cancer, and malignancies have a variety of acquired biological capabilities, including sustained proliferation, death evasion, neovascularization, tissue invasion and metastasis, immune escape, metabolic reprogramming, induction of tumor-associated inflammation, cancerous stemness and genomic instability. Nowadays, the role of CBD hidden in these hallmarks is gradually revealed. Nevertheless, flaws or inconsistencies in the recent studies addressing the anti-cancer effects of CBD still exist. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the potential mechanisms underlying the role of CBD in a range of tumor-acquired biological capabilities. We propose potential drugs that may have a synergistic effect with CBD and provide optional directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobiao Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yu Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, China; Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2019RU019), China; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Pérez-Diego M, Angelina A, Martín-Cruz L, de la Rocha-Muñoz A, Maldonado A, Sevilla-Ortega C, Palomares O. Cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 reprograms monocytes and macrophages to inhibit LPS-induced inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147520. [PMID: 37006243 PMCID: PMC10060516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionChronic or uncontrolled activation of myeloid cells including monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) is a hallmark of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. There is an urgent need for the development of novel drugs with the capacity to impair innate immune cell overactivation under inflammatory conditions. Compelling evidence pointed out cannabinoids as potential therapeutic tools with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capacity. WIN55,212-2, a non-selective synthetic cannabinoid agonist, displays protective effects in several inflammatory conditions by mechanisms partially depending on the generation of tolerogenic DCs able to induce functional regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, its immunomodulatory capacity on other myeloid cells such as monocytes and macrophages remains incompletely understood.MethodsHuman monocyte-derived DCs (hmoDCs) were differentiated in the absence (conventional hmoDCs) or presence of WIN55,212-2 (WIN-hmoDCs). Cells were stimulated with LPS, cocultured with naive T lymphocytes and their cytokine production and ability to induce T cell responses were analysed by ELISA or flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of WIN55,212-2 in macrophage polarization, human and murine macrophages were activated with LPS or LPS/IFNγ, in the presence or absence of the cannabinoid. Cytokine, costimulatory molecules and inflammasome markers were assayed. Metabolic and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were also performed. Finally, the protective capacity of WIN55,212-2 was studied in vivo in BALB/c mice after intraperitoneal injection with LPS.ResultsWe show for the first time that the differentiation of hmoDCs in the presence of WIN55,212-2 generates tolerogenic WIN-hmoDCs that are less responsive to LPS stimulation and able to prime Tregs. WIN55,212-2 also impairs the pro-inflammatory polarization of human macrophages by inhibiting cytokine production, inflammasome activation and rescuing macrophages from pyroptotic cell death. Mechanistically, WIN55,212-2 induced a metabolic and epigenetic shift in macrophages by decreasing LPS-induced mTORC1 signaling, commitment to glycolysis and active histone marks in pro-inflammatory cytokine promoters. We confirmed these data in ex vivo LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages (PMΦs), which were also supported by the in vivo anti-inflammatory capacity of WIN55,212-2 in a LPS-induced sepsis mouse model.ConclusionOverall, we shed light into the molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids exert anti-inflammatory properties in myeloid cells, which might well contribute to the future rational design of novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pérez-Diego
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Angelina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Martín-Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés de la Rocha-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Maldonado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sevilla-Ortega
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Oscar Palomares,
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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Aziz AI, Nguyen LC, Oumeslakht L, Bensussan A, Ben Mkaddem S. Cannabinoids as Immune System Modulators: Cannabidiol Potential Therapeutic Approaches and Limitations. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 8:254-269. [PMID: 36413346 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) is the second most abundant Phytocannabinoid in Cannabis extracts. CBD has a binding affinity for several cannabinoid and cannabinoid-associated receptors. Epidiolex (oral CBD solution) has been lately licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric epileptic seizures. Methods: In this review, we discussed the most promising applications of CBD for chronic inflammatory conditions, namely CBD's anti-inflammatory effects during inflammatory bowel disease, coronavirus disease (antiviral effect), brain pathologies (neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties), as well as CBD immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities in the tumor microenvironment. Special focus was shed on the main therapeutic mechanisms of action of CBD, particularly in the control of the immune system and the endocannabinoid system. Results: Findings suggest that CBD is a potent immunomodulatory drug as it has manifested immunosuppressive properties in the context of sterile inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases), and immunoprotective effects during viral infections (e.g. COVID-19) Similarly, CBD has exhibited a selective response toward cancer types by engaging different targets and signaling pathways. These results are in favor of the primary function of the endocannabinoid system which is homeostatic maintenance. Conclusion: The presented evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system is a prominent target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid diseases, viral infections, neurological and psychological pathologies, and cancer. Moreover, the antitumoral activities of CBD have been suggested to be potentially used in combination with chemo- or immunotherapy during cancer. However, clinical results are still lacking, which raises a challenge to apply translational cannabis research to the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-ilah Aziz
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Long Chi Nguyen
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Loubna Oumeslakht
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Onco-Dermatology and Therapies, INSERM UMRS976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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13
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Klimov V, Cherevko N, Klimov A, Novikov P. Neuronal-Immune Cell Units in Allergic Inflammation in the Nose. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6938. [PMID: 35805946 PMCID: PMC9266453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system and neuro molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a significant role in the communication pathways and regulation at the level of the whole organism and local levels, in both healthy persons and patients with allergic rhinitis based on an allergic inflammatory process. This review focuses on a new research paradigm devoted to neuronal-immune cell units, which are involved in allergic inflammation in the nose and neuroimmune control of the nasal mucociliary immunologically active epithelial barrier. The categorization, cellular sources of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and their prevalent profiles in constituting allergen tolerance maintenance or its breakdown are discussed. Novel data on the functional structure of the nasal epithelium based on a transcriptomic technology, single-cell RNA-sequencing results, are considered in terms of neuroimmune regulation. Notably, the research of pathogenesis and therapy for atopic allergic diseases, including recently identified local forms, from the viewpoint of the tridirectional interaction of the neuroimmune network and discrete neuronal-immune cell units is at the cutting-edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Klimov
- Immunology & Allergy Dept, Siberian State Medical University, 634041 Tomsk, Russia; (N.C.); (A.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Natalia Cherevko
- Immunology & Allergy Dept, Siberian State Medical University, 634041 Tomsk, Russia; (N.C.); (A.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Andrew Klimov
- Immunology & Allergy Dept, Siberian State Medical University, 634041 Tomsk, Russia; (N.C.); (A.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Pavel Novikov
- Immunology & Allergy Dept, Siberian State Medical University, 634041 Tomsk, Russia; (N.C.); (A.K.); (P.N.)
- Medical Association “Center for Family Medicine”, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Khoury M, Cohen I, Bar-Sela G. “The Two Sides of the Same Coin”—Medical Cannabis, Cannabinoids and Immunity: Pros and Cons Explained. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020389. [PMID: 35214123 PMCID: PMC8877666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis, as a natural medicinal remedy, has long been used for palliative treatment to alleviate the side effects caused by diseases. Cannabis-based products isolated from plant extracts exhibit potent immunoregulatory properties, reducing chronic inflammatory processes and providing much needed pain relief. They are a proven effective solution for treatment-based side effects, easing the resulting symptoms of the disease. However, we discuss the fact that cannabis use may promote the progression of a range of malignancies, interfere with anti-cancer immunotherapy, or increase susceptibility to viral infections and transmission. Most cannabis preparations or isolated active components cause an overall potent immunosuppressive impact among users, posing a considerable hazard to patients with suppressed or compromised immune systems. In this review, current knowledge and perceptions of cannabis or cannabinoids and their impact on various immune-system components will be discussed as the “two sides of the same coin” or “double-edged sword”, referring to something that can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences. We propose that much is still unknown about adverse reactions to its use, and its integration with medical treatment should be conducted cautiously with consideration of the individual patient, effector cells, microenvironment, and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Khoury
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, Afula 1834111, Israel; (M.K.); (I.C.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
| | - Idan Cohen
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, Afula 1834111, Israel; (M.K.); (I.C.)
| | - Gil Bar-Sela
- Cancer Center, Emek Medical Center, 21 Yitzhak Rabin Blvd, Afula 1834111, Israel; (M.K.); (I.C.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200002, Israel
- Oncology & Hematology Division, Emek Medical Center, Yitshak Rabin Boulevard 21, Afula 1834111, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-6495725; Fax: +972-4-6163992
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Reversal of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm following the delivery of nanoparticle-based pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is associated with reduced inflammatory and immune markers. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174487. [PMID: 34516951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a deadly disease in elderly population, is featured by expansion of aortic diameter, degradation and weakening of vasculature. Its common and significant characteristics are disarray and inflammation in vasculature. We tested the hypothesis that the reversal of abdominal aortic aneurysm by pentagalloyl glucose-loaded nanoparticles (PGG-NPs) therapy that targets degraded elastin suppresses inflammatory and immune markers to ameliorate the pathophysiology of the disease in advance stage aneurysm in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced mouse model of AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS After induction of aneurysm in pathogen-free C57BL/6 male mice by applying PPE peri-adventitially to the abdominal aorta, once a week for two doses of intravenous injections of pentagalloyl glucose-loaded nanoparticles (PGG-NPs) conjugated with elastin targeted antibody were used to reverse the aneurysms. We showed that PGG-NPs therapy could suppress infiltration of macrophages, CD8 and CD4 subsets of T cells, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 at the local and systemic level. Moreover, such PGG-NPs therapy increases the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-13, IL-27 and IL-10 at the local and systemic level. The therapy also led to remodeling of elastic lamina at the aneurysm site. CONCLUSION Nanoparticles-loaded pentagalloyl glucose therapy can be an effective treatment option against advanced stage aneurysms to reverse the disease by ameliorating inflammation and restoring arterial homeostasis.
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Morissette F, Mongeau-Pérusse V, Rizkallah E, Thébault P, Lepage S, Brissette S, Bruneau J, Dubreucq S, Stip E, Cailhier JF, Jutras-Aswad D. Exploring cannabidiol effects on inflammatory markers in individuals with cocaine use disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2101-2111. [PMID: 34331010 PMCID: PMC8505631 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a major public health issue associated with physical, social, and psychological problems. Excessive and repeated cocaine use induces oxidative stress leading to a systemic inflammatory response. Cannabidiol (CBD) has gained substantial interest for its anti-inflammatory properties, safety, and tolerability profile. However, CBD anti-inflammatory properties have yet to be confirmed in humans. This exploratory study is based on a single-site randomized controlled trial that enrolled participants with CUD between 18 and 65 years, randomized (1:1) to daily receive either CBD (800 mg) or placebo for 92 days. The trial was divided into a 10-day detoxification (phase I) followed by a 12-week outpatient follow-up (phase II). Blood samples were collected from 48 participants at baseline, day 8, week 4, and week 12 and were analyzed to determine monocytes and lymphocytes phenotypes, and concentrations of various inflammatory markers such as cytokines. We used generalized estimating equations to detect group differences. Participants treated with CBD had lower levels of interleukin-6 (p = 0.017), vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 0.032), intermediate monocytes CD14+CD16+ (p = 0.024), and natural killer CD56negCD16hi (p = 0.000) compared with participants receiving placebo. CD25+CD4+T cells were higher in the CBD group (p = 0.007). No significant group difference was observed for B lymphocytes. This study suggests that CBD may exert anti-inflammatory effects in individuals with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Morissette
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Violaine Mongeau-Pérusse
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Elie Rizkallah
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Paméla Thébault
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lepage
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Suzanne Brissette
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Simon Dubreucq
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Emmanuel Stip
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.43519.3a0000 0001 2193 6666Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean-François Cailhier
- grid.410559.c0000 0001 0743 2111Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC Canada ,Montreal Cancer Institute, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Research Centre of Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,University Institute on Addictions, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Holloman BL, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Epigenetic Regulation of Cannabinoid-Mediated Attenuation of Inflammation and Its Impact on the Use of Cannabinoids to Treat Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147302. [PMID: 34298921 PMCID: PMC8307988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered to be a silent killer because it is the underlying cause of a wide range of clinical disorders, from cardiovascular to neurological diseases, and from cancer to obesity. In addition, there are over 80 different types of debilitating autoimmune diseases for which there are no cure. Currently, the drugs that are available to suppress chronic inflammation are either ineffective or overtly suppress the inflammation, thereby causing increased susceptibility to infections and cancer. Thus, the development of a new class of drugs that can suppress chronic inflammation is imperative. Cannabinoids are a group of compounds produced in the body (endocannabinoids) or found in cannabis (phytocannabinoids) that act through cannabinoid receptors and various other receptors expressed widely in the brain and immune system. In the last decade, cannabinoids have been well established experimentally to mediate anti-inflammatory properties. Research has shown that they suppress inflammation through multiple pathways, including apoptosis and inducing immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Interestingly, cannabinoids also mediate epigenetic alterations in genes that regulate inflammation. In the current review, we highlight how the epigenetic modulations caused by cannabinoids lead to the suppression of inflammation and help identify novel pathways that can be used to target autoimmune diseases.
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Turner S, Barker VD, Adams AA. Effects of Cannabidiol on the In Vitro Lymphocyte Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production of Senior Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 103:103668. [PMID: 34281647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. contains cannabidiol (CBD), a compound that has many anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, 99.9% CBD powder was used to determine its in vitro efficacy as an anti-inflammatory agent. Heparinized blood was collected via jugular venipuncture from senior horses. PBMCs were isolated then incubated for 24 hours with increasing dilutions of CBD dissolved in DMSO. PBMCs were stimulated the last 4 hours of incubation with PMA/IO and Brefeldin A. A Vicell counter was used to evaluate viability after incubation. PBMCs were stained intracellularly for IFNγ and TNFα then analyzed via flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to analyze samples for gene expression. Five equine-specific intron-spanning primers/probes used are: CB1, CB2, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-10, and Beta-glucuronidase. Data was analyzed using RM One-way ANOVA (significance P < .05). Viability of PBMCs with CBD was completed to determine cytotoxicity. The dilution of CBD that did not affect cell viability was 4 µg/mL (P<0.05). CBD at 4 µg/mL significantly reduced production of IFN-γ and TNF-α (P < .05). RT-PCR results for TNFα and IFNγ at 4 µg/mL showed a reduction compared with the positive control and IL-10 showed a similar reduction at 2 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL. RT-PCR gene expression results showed significance for 10 μg/mL CBD in CB1 and CB2. CBD at 4 µg/mL reduced in vitro production of inflammatory cytokines from senior horses. This in vitro study supports further investigation of CBD to determine if it may be effective as an anti-inflammatory treatment for chronic inflammation in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Turner
- Department of Veterinary Science, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
| | - Virginia Day Barker
- Department of Veterinary Science, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Amanda A Adams
- MARS Equestrian™ Research Fellow, Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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19
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Wang X, Parasaram V, Dhital S, Nosoudi N, Hasanain S, Lane BA, Lessner SM, Eberth JF, Vyavahare NR. Systemic delivery of targeted nanotherapeutic reverses angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8584. [PMID: 33883612 PMCID: PMC8060294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease causes dilation of the aorta, leading to aortic rupture and death if not treated early. It is the 14th leading cause of death in the U.S. and 10th leading cause of death in men over age 55, affecting thousands of patients. Despite the prevalence of AAA, no safe and efficient pharmacotherapies exist for patients. The deterioration of the elastic lamina in the aneurysmal wall is a consistent feature of AAAs, making it an ideal target for delivering drugs to the AAA site. In this research, we conjugated nanoparticles with an elastin antibody that only targets degraded elastin while sparing healthy elastin. After induction of aneurysm by 4-week infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II), two biweekly intravenous injections of pentagalloyl glucose (PGG)-loaded nanoparticles conjugated with elastin antibody delivered the drug to the aneurysm site. We show that targeted delivery of PGG could reverse the aortic dilation, ameliorate the inflammation, restore the elastic lamina, and improve the mechanical properties of the aorta at the AAA site. Therefore, simple iv therapy of PGG loaded nanoparticles can be an effective treatment option for early to middle stage aneurysms to reverse disease progression and return the aorta to normal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Vaideesh Parasaram
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Nasim Nosoudi
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.,Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Computer Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Shahd Hasanain
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Brooks A Lane
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Susan M Lessner
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - John F Eberth
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | - Naren R Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 501 Rhodes Engineering Research Center, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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Corsetti S, Borruso S, Malandrucco L, Spallucci V, Maragliano L, Perino R, D'Agostino P, Natoli E. Cannabis sativa L. may reduce aggressive behaviour towards humans in shelter dogs. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2773. [PMID: 33531559 PMCID: PMC7854708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the phytocomplex components of Cannabis sativa L., cannabidiol (CBD) has a recognised therapeutic effect on chronic pain. Little is known about the veterinary use of CBD in dogs. Even less is known on the effects of CBD on dog behaviour, especially in shelters. The purpose of this study was to determine if CBD affects stress related behaviour in shelter dogs. The sample consisted of 24 dogs divided into two groups that were created by assigning the dogs alternately: 12 dogs were assigned to the treatment group and 12 to the control group. Extra virgin olive oil, titrated to 5% in CBD was given to treated group; the placebo consisted of olive oil only, dispensed daily for 45 days. Behavioural data were collected using the 'focal animal' sampling method with 'all occurrences' and '1/0' methods for 3 h: before (T0), after 15 days (T1), after 45 days of treatment (T2) and after 15 days from the end of the treatment (T3). Treated dogs showed reduced aggressive behaviour toward humans following the treatment (Friedman Test: χ2 = 13.300; df = 3; N = 12; p = .004; adj. sig. p = 0.027), but the difference in the decrease of aggressive behaviour between the two groups was not significant (Mann-Whitney U test, T2-T0: Z = - 1.81; N = 24; p = 0.078). Other behaviours indicative of stress, such as displacing activities and stereotypes, did not decrease. Despite some non-significant results, our findings suggest that it is worth doing more research to further investigate the effect of CBD on dog behaviour; this would be certainly valuable because the potential for improving the welfare of dogs in shelters is priceless.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Corsetti
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | | | - Livia Malandrucco
- Canile Sovrazonale, ASL Roma 3 (Local Health Unit Rome 3), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Spallucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maragliano
- Canile Sovrazonale, ASL Roma 3 (Local Health Unit Rome 3), Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perino
- Canile Sovrazonale, ASL Roma 3 (Local Health Unit Rome 3), Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Agostino
- Canile Pubblico Muratella e Pontemarconi, Roma Capitale (Municipality of Rome), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Natoli
- Canile Sovrazonale, ASL Roma 3 (Local Health Unit Rome 3), Rome, Italy
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21
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial, pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the core symptoms of significant impairment in social interaction and communication as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. In addition to these core behaviors, persons with ASD frequently have associated noncore behavioral disturbance (ie, self-injury, aggression), as well as several medical comorbidities. Currently, no effective treatment exists for the core symptoms of ASD. This review reports the available preclinical and clinical data regarding the use of cannabis and cannabidiol in the treatment of core symptoms, noncore symptoms and comorbidities associated with ASD. Additionally, we describe our clinical experience working with children and young adults with ASD who have used cannabis or cannabidiol. At present, preclinical and clinical data suggest a potential for therapeutic benefit among some persons with ASD and that it is overall well tolerated. Further research is required to better identify patients who may benefit from treatment without adverse effects.
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22
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Linher-Melville K, Zhu YF, Sidhu J, Parzei N, Shahid A, Seesankar G, Ma D, Wang Z, Zacal N, Sharma M, Parihar V, Zacharias R, Singh G. Evaluation of the preclinical analgesic efficacy of naturally derived, orally administered oil forms of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their 1:1 combination. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234176. [PMID: 32497151 PMCID: PMC7272035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is a growing clinical problem for which effective treatments, aside from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids, are lacking. Cannabinoids are emerging as potentially promising agents to manage neuroimmune effects associated with nociception. In particular, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and their combination are being considered as therapeutic alternatives for treatment of NP. This study aimed to examine whether sex affects long-term outcomes on persistent mechanical hypersensitivity 7 weeks after ceasing cannabinoid administration. Clinically relevant low doses of THC, CBD, and a 1:1 combination of THC:CBD extracts, in medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, were orally gavaged for 14 consecutive days to age-matched groups of male and female sexually mature Sprague Dawley rats. Treatments commenced one day after surgically inducing a pro-nociceptive state using a peripheral sciatic nerve cuff. The analgesic efficacy of each phytocannabinoid was assessed relative to MCT oil using hind paw mechanical behavioural testing once a week for 9 weeks. In vivo intracellular electrophysiology was recorded at endpoint to characterize soma threshold changes in primary afferent sensory neurons within dorsal root ganglia (DRG) innervated by the affected sciatic nerve. The thymus, spleen, and DRG were collected post-sacrifice and analyzed for long-term effects on markers associated with T lymphocytes at the RNA level using qPCR. Administration of cannabinoids, particularly the 1:1 combination of THC, elicited a sustained mechanical anti-hypersensitive effect in males with persistent peripheral NP, which corresponded to beneficial changes in myelinated Aβ mechanoreceptive fibers. Specific immune cell markers associated with T cell differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokines, previously implicated in repair processes, were differentially up-regulated by cannabinoids in males treated with cannabinoids, but not in females, warranting further investigation into sexual dimorphisms that may underlie treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Linher-Melville
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yong Fang Zhu
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jesse Sidhu
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalka Parzei
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesha Shahid
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gireesh Seesankar
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danny Ma
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Zacal
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vikas Parihar
- Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramesh Zacharias
- Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Nichols JM, Kummari E, Sherman J, Yang EJ, Dhital S, Gilfeather C, Yray G, Morgan T, Kaplan BLF. CBD Suppression of EAE Is Correlated with Early Inhibition of Splenic IFN-γ + CD8+ T Cells and Modest Inhibition of Neuroinflammation. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:346-362. [PMID: 32440886 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study cannabidiol (CBD) was administered orally to determine its effects and mechanisms in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that 75 mg/kg of oral CBD given for 5 days after initiation of disease would reduce EAE severity through suppression of either the early peripheral immune or late neuroimmune response. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice at two different magnitudes, and peripheral inflammatory and neuroinflammatory responses were measured at days 3, 10, and 18. Th1, Th17, Tc1, Tc17, Tregs, and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were identified from the lymph nodes and spleens of each mouse to determine if CBD altered the suppressor cell or inflammatory cell populations in secondary lymphoid tissues. Additionally, neuroinflammation was identified in brain and spinal cord tissues using various immunohistochemical techniques and flow cytometry. Early treatment of EAE with oral CBD reduced clinical disease at the day 18 timepoint which correlated with a significant decrease in the percentage of MOG35-55 specific IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells in the spleen at day 10. Analysis of both T cell infiltration and lesion size within the spinal cord also showed a moderate reduction in neuroinflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). These results provide evidence that oral CBD suppressed the peripheral immune response that precedes neuroinflammation; however, analysis of the neuroinflammatory endpoints also suggest that the modest reduction in neuroinflammation was only partially responsible for CBD's neuroprotective capability. Graphical Abstract CBD was administered orally for the first 5 days following initiation of EAE. CBD attenuated clinical disease, and we found that CBD suppressed IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells in the spleen at day 10. There was also modest suppression of neuroinflammation. Together these data demonstrate that early, oral administration of CBD protected mice from disease, but the modest effects on neuroinflammation suggest other mechanisms participate in CBD's neuroprotective effect in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Nichols
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Evangel Kummari
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jessica Sherman
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Yang
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Christa Gilfeather
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gabriella Yray
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Timothy Morgan
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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Costiniuk CT, Jenabian MA. Acute inflammation and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Cannabidiol as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 53:63-65. [PMID: 32467020 PMCID: PMC7239000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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25
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Joffre J, Yeh CC, Wong E, Thete M, Xu F, Zlatanova I, Lloyd E, Kobzik L, Legrand M, Hellman J. Activation of CB 1R Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-10 Secretion by Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells and Reduces Acute Inflammation and Organ Injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3339-3350. [PMID: 32385136 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa and its principal components, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol, are increasingly being used to treat a variety of medical problems, including inflammatory conditions. Although studies suggest that the endocannabinoid system has immunomodulatory properties, there remains a paucity of information on the effects of cannabinoids on immunity and on outcomes of infection and injury. We investigated the effects and mechanism(s) of action of cannabinoid receptor agonists, including Δ9-THC, on inflammation and organ injury in endotoxemic mice. Administration of Δ9-THC caused a dramatic early upregulation of plasma IL-10 levels, reduced plasma IL-6 and CCL-2 levels, led to better clinical status, and attenuated organ injury in endotoxemic mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC in endotoxemic mice were reversed by a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) inverse agonist (SR141716), and by clodronate-induced myeloid-cell depletion, but not by genetic invalidation or blockade of other putative Δ9-THC receptors, including cannabinoid receptor type 2, TRPV1, GPR18, GPR55, and GPR119. Although Δ9-THC administration reduced the activation of several spleen immune cell subsets, the anti-inflammatory effects of Δ9-THC were preserved in splenectomized endotoxemic mice. Finally, using IL-10-GFP reporter mice, we showed that blood monocytic myeloid-derived suppressive cells mediate the Δ9-THC-induced early rise in circulating IL-10. These results indicate that Δ9-THC potently induces IL-10, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and related organ injury in endotoxemic mice via the activation of CB1R. These data have implications for acute and chronic conditions that are driven by dysregulated inflammation, such as sepsis, and raise the possibility that CB1R-signaling may constitute a novel target for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Joffre
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Che-Chung Yeh
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Erika Wong
- Pediatric Critical Care Division, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Mayuri Thete
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Fengyun Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ivana Zlatanova
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158; and
| | - Elliot Lloyd
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Matthieu Legrand
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143;
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26
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Lowin T, Schneider M, Pongratz G. Joints for joints: cannabinoids in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2020; 31:271-278. [PMID: 30920973 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An increasing number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are using cannabis to treat their symptoms, although systematic studies regarding efficacy in RA are lacking. Within this review we will give an overview on the overall effects of cannabinoids in inflammation and why they might be useful in the treatment of RA. RECENT FINDINGS Peripherally, cannabinoids show anti-inflammatory effects by activating cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2) which decrease cytokine production and immune cell mobilization. In contrast, cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) activation on immune cells is proinflammatory while CB1 antagonism provides anti-inflammatory effects by increasing β2-adrenergic signaling in the joint and secondary lymphoid organs. In addition, the nonpsychotropic cannabinoid, cannabidiol (CBD) demonstrated antiarthritic effects independent of cannabinoid receptors. In addition to controlling inflammation, cannabinoids reduce pain by activating central and peripheral CB1, peripheral CB2 receptors and CBD-sensitive noncannabinoid receptor targets. SUMMARY Cannabinoids might be a suitable treatment for RA, but it is important to target the right receptors in the right place. For clinical studies, we propose a combination of a CB2 agonist to decrease cytokine production, a peripheral CB1 antagonist to prevent detrimental CB1 signaling and to support anti-inflammatory effects of CB2 via activation of β2-adrenergic receptors and CBD to induce cannabinoid-receptor-independent anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Lowin
- Poliklinik, Funktionsbereich & Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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27
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Gonçalves ECD, Baldasso GM, Bicca MA, Paes RS, Capasso R, Dutra RC. Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:E1567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)-as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. D. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Baldasso
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Maíra A. Bicca
- Neurosurgery Department, Neurosurgery Pain Research institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Rodrigo S. Paes
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80,055 Portici, Italy
| | - Rafael C. Dutra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá 88906-072, Brazil; (E.C.D.G.); (G.M.B.); (R.S.P.)
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
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28
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Dhital S, Vyavahare NR. Nanoparticle-based targeted delivery of pentagalloyl glucose reverses elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm and restores aorta to the healthy state in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227165. [PMID: 32218565 PMCID: PMC7100957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is a life-threatening weakening and expansion of the abdominal aorta due to inflammatory cell infiltration and gradual degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM). There are no pharmacological therapies to treat AAA. We tested the hypothesis that nanoparticle (NP) therapy that targets degraded elastin and delivers anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and ECM stabilizing agent, pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) will reverse advance stage aneurysm in an elastase-induced mouse model of AAA. METHOD AND RESULTS Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) was applied periadventitially to the infrarenal aorta in mice and AAA was allowed to develop for 14 days. Nanoparticles loaded with PGG (EL-PGG-NPs) were then delivered via IV route at 14-day and 21-day (10 mg/kg of body weight). A control group of mice received no therapy. The targeting of NPs to the AAA site was confirmed with fluorescent dye marked NPs and gold NPs. Animals were sacrificed at 28-d. We found that targeted PGG therapy reversed the AAA by decreasing matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-2, and the infiltration of macrophages in the medial layer. The increase in diameter of the aorta was reversed to healthy controls. Moreover, PGG treatment restored degraded elastic lamina and increased the circumferential strain of aneurysmal aorta to the healthy levels. CONCLUSION Our results support that site-specific delivery of PGG with targeted nanoparticles can be used to treat already developed AAA. Such therapy can reverse inflammatory markers and restore arterial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
| | - Naren R. Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
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29
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Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) as Epidiolex® (GW Pharmaceuticals) was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat rare forms of epilepsy in patients 2 years of age and older. Together with the increased societal acceptance of recreational cannabis and CBD oil for putative medical use in many states, the exposure to CBD is increasing, even though all of its biological effects are not understood. Once such example is the ability of CBD to be anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive, so the purpose of this review is to summarize effects and mechanisms of CBD in the immune system. It includes a consideration of reports identifying receptors through which CBD acts, since the “CBD receptor,” if a single one exists, has not been definitively identified for the myriad immune system effects. The review then provides a summary of in vivo and in vitro effects in the immune system, in autoimmune models, with a focus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and ends with identification of knowledge gaps. Conclusion: Overall, the data overwhelmingly support the notion that CBD is immune suppressive and that the mechanisms involve direct suppression of activation of various immune cell types, induction of apoptosis, and promotion of regulatory cells, which, in turn, control other immune cell targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Nichols
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi
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30
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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Dall'Stella PB, Docema MFL, Maldaun MVC, Feher O, Lancellotti CLP. Case Report: Clinical Outcome and Image Response of Two Patients With Secondary High-Grade Glioma Treated With Chemoradiation, PCV, and Cannabidiol. Front Oncol 2019; 8:643. [PMID: 30713832 PMCID: PMC6345719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two patients with a confirmed diagnosis of high-grade gliomas (grades III/IV), both presenting with O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylated and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH-1) mutated who, after subtotal resection, were submitted to chemoradiation and followed by PCV, a multiple drug regimen (procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine) associated with cannabidiol (CBD). Both patients presented with satisfactory clinical and imaging responses at periodic evaluations. Immediately after chemoradiation therapy, one of the patients presented with an exacerbated and precocious pseudoprogression (PSD) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which was resolved in a short period. The other patient presented with a marked remission of altered areas compared with the post-operative scans as assessed by MRI. Such aspects are not commonly observed in patients only treated with conventional modalities. This observation might highlight the potential effect of CBD to increase PSD or improve chemoradiation responses that impact survival. Further investigation with more patients and critical molecular analyses should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos F L Docema
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Olavo Feher
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Sirio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
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Baban B, Hoda N, Malik A, Khodadadi H, Simmerman E, Vaibhav K, Mozaffari MS. Impact of cannabidiol treatment on regulatory T-17 cells and neutrophil polarization in acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1149-F1158. [PMID: 29897289 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00112.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallmark features of acute kidney injury (AKI) include mobilization of immune and inflammatory mechanisms culminating in tissue injury. Emerging information indicates heterogeneity of neutrophils with pro- and anti-inflammatory functions (N1 and N2, respectively). Also, regulatory T-17 (Treg17) cells curtail T helper 17 (Th-17)-mediated proinflammatory responses. However, the status of Treg17 cells and neutrophil phenotypes in AKI are not established. Furthermore, cannabidiol exerts immunoregulatory effects, but its impact on Treg17 cells and neutrophil subtypes is not established. Thus, we examined the status of Treg17 cells and neutrophil subtypes in AKI and determined whether cannabidiol favors regulatory neutrophils and T cells accompanied with renoprotection. Accordingly, mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), without or with cannabidiol treatment; thereafter, kidneys were processed for flow cytometry analyses. Renal IRI increased N1 and Th-17 but reduced N2 and Treg17 cells accompanied with disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ψm) and increased apoptosis/necrosis and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) immunostaining compared with their sham controls. Importantly, cannabidiol treatment preserved ψm and reduced cell death and KIM-1 accompanied by restoration of N1 and N2 imbalance and preservation of Treg17 cells while decreasing Th-17 cells. The ability of cannabidiol to favor development of Treg17 cells was further established using functional mixed lymphocytic reaction. Subsequent studies showed higher renal blood flow and reduced serum creatinine in cannabidiol-treated IRI animals. Collectively, our novel observations establish that renal IRI causes neutrophil polarization in favor of N1 and also reduces Treg17 cells in favor of Th-17, effects that are reversed by cannabidiol treatment accompanied with significant renoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nasrul Hoda
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging, and Radiological Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Aneeq Malik
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hesam Khodadadi
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Erika Simmerman
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kumar Vaibhav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mahmood S Mozaffari
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
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