1
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Wang QY, Yu XF, Ji WL. Repression of BRD4 mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in Mycobacterium-infected macrophages by repressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 148:102542. [PMID: 39024987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of human death worldwide due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Multiple lines of evidences have illuminated the emerging role of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the clearance of pathogenic infection. In the current study, we sought to investigate the functional role and feasible potential mechanism of BRD4 in Mtb-infected macrophages. We observed that BRD4 was distinctly ascended in THP-1 macrophages upon Mtb infection. Functionally, intervention of BRD4 or pretreated with JQ1 obviously restricted Mtb-triggered cell pyroptosis, as evidenced by declination of protein level of the specific pyroptosis markers including Cleaved Caspase 1, gasdermin D (GSDMD-N) and Cleaved-IL-1β. In the meanwhile, disruption of BRD4 or JQ1 application remarkably prohibited excessive inflammatory responses as characterized by reduce the production of the inflammatory factors such as IL-1β and IL-18. Concomitantly, disruption of BRD4 or administrated with JQ1 manifestly repressed Mtb-aroused Nod-like receptor family pyrindomain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, as witnessed by attenuation of protein levels of NLRP3, Pro-Caspase1 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC). The above findings clearly demonstrated that suppression of BRD4 exerted great influence on regulating Mtb-elicited inflammatory response by coordinating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. More importantly, perturbation of BRD4 or JQ1 employment notably restrained endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by Mtb-infection, as reflected by noticeably lessened the levels of GRP78, CHOP and ATF6. In terms of mechanism, ER stress agonist tunicamycin profoundly abrogated the favorable effects of BRD4 inhibition on Mtb-triggered pyroptosis, inflammation reaction and inflammasome activation. Collectively, these preceding outcomes strongly illuminated that inhibition of BRD4 targeted ER stress to retard NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent cell pyroptosis and prevention of inflammatory response in Mtb-infected macrophages, highlighting that blocking BRD4 might serve as a promising candidate for protection against Mtb-triggered inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Fourth Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiu-Feng Yu
- Department of Fourth Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wen-Lan Ji
- Department of Fourth Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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2
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Priyanka, Sharma S, Sharma M. Role of PE/PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in triad of host mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106757. [PMID: 38908454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The PE and PPE family proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is exclusively found in pathogenic Mycobacterium species, comprising approximately 8-10 % of the Mtb genome. These emerging virulent factors have been observed to play pivotal roles in Mtb pathogenesis and immune evasion through various strategies. These immunogenic proteins are known to modulate the host immune response and cell-death pathways by targeting the powerhouse of the cell, the mitochondria to support Mtb survival. In this article, we are focused on how PE/PPE family proteins target host mitochondria to induce mitochondrial perturbations, modulate the levels of cellular ROS (Reactive oxygen species) and control cell death pathways. We observed that the time of expression of these proteins at different stages of infection is crucial for elucidating their impact on the cell death pathways and eventually on the outcome of infection. This article focuses on understanding the contributions of the PE/PPE proteins by unravelling the triad of host mitochondria, oxidative stress and cell death pathways that facilitate the Mtb persistence. Understanding the role of these proteins in host cellular pathways and the intricate mechanisms paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat TB infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Miranda House, and Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Miranda House, and Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Miranda House, and Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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3
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Lepe BA, Zheng CR, Leddy OK, Allsup BL, Solomon SL, Bryson BD. Protease shaving of Mycobacterium tuberculosis facilitates vaccine antigen discovery and delivery of novel cargoes to the Mtb surface. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.02.601718. [PMID: 39005324 PMCID: PMC11245043 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.02.601718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the leading cause of infectious disease death and lacks a vaccine capable of protecting adults from pulmonary TB. Studies have shown that Mtb uses a variety of mechanisms to evade host immunity. Secreted Mtb proteins such as Type VII secretion system substrates have been characterized for their ability to modulate anti-Mtb immunity; however, studies of other pathogens such as Salmonella Typhi and Staphylococcus aureus have revealed that outer membrane proteins can also interact with the innate and adaptive immune system. The Mtb outer membrane proteome has received relatively less attention due to limited techniques available to interrogate this compartment. We filled this gap by deploying protease shaving and quantitative mass spectrometry to identify Mtb outer membrane proteins which serve as nodes in the Mtb-host interaction network. These analyses revealed several novel Mtb proteins on the Mtb surface largely derived from the PE/PPE class of Mtb proteins, including PPE18, a component of a leading Mtb vaccine candidate. We next exploited the localization of PPE18 to decorate the Mtb surface with heterologous proteins and deliver these surface-engineered Mtb to the phagosome. Together, these studies reveal potential novel targets for new Mtb vaccines as well as facilitate new approaches to study difficult to study cellular compartments during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. Lepe
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Christine R. Zheng
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Owen K. Leddy
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Benjamin L. Allsup
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Sydney L. Solomon
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
| | - Bryan D. Bryson
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, USA
- Ragon Institute of Mass General, Harvard, and MIT, Cambridge, USA
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4
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Malik AA, Shariq M, Sheikh JA, Zarin S, Ahuja Y, Fayaz H, Alam A, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Activation of the lysosomal damage response and selective autophagy: the coordinated actions of galectins, TRIM proteins, and CGAS-STING1 in providing immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38470107 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2321494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial immune defense mechanism that controls the survival and pathogenesis of M. tb by maintaining cell physiology during stress and pathogen attack. The E3-Ub ligases (PRKN, SMURF1, and NEDD4) and autophagy receptors (SQSTM1, TAX1BP1, CALCOCO2, OPTN, and NBR1) play key roles in this process. Galectins (LGALSs), which bind to sugars and are involved in identifying damaged cell membranes caused by intracellular pathogens such as M. tb, are essential. These include LGALS3, LGALS8, and LGALS9, which respond to endomembrane damage and regulate endomembrane damage caused by toxic chemicals, protein aggregates, and intracellular pathogens, including M. tb. They also activate selective autophagy and de novo endolysosome biogenesis. LGALS3, LGALS9, and LGALS8 interact with various components to activate autophagy and repair damage, while CGAS-STING1 plays a critical role in providing immunity against M. tb by activating selective autophagy and producing type I IFNs with antimycobacterial functions. STING1 activates cGAMP-dependent autophagy which provides immunity against various pathogens. Additionally, cytoplasmic surveillance pathways activated by ds-DNA, such as inflammasomes mediated by NLRP3 and AIM2 complexes, control M. tb. Modulation of E3-Ub ligases with small regulatory molecules of LGALSs and TRIM proteins could be a novel host-based therapeutic approach for controlling TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrar Ahmad Malik
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Shariq
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Javaid Ahmad Sheikh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Zarin
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashika Ahuja
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Haleema Fayaz
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science and Engineering Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seyed E Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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5
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Xiao C, Cao S, Li Y, Luo Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Bai Q, Chen L. Pyroptosis in microbial infectious diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:42. [PMID: 38158461 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09078-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a gasdermins-mediated programmed cell death that plays an essential role in immune regulation, and its role in autoimmune disease and cancer has been studied extensively. Increasing evidence shows that various microbial infections can lead to pyroptosis, associated with the occurrence and development of microbial infectious diseases. This study reviews the recent advances in pyroptosis in microbial infection, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. We also explore potential therapeutic strategies for treating microbial infection-related diseases by targeting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Xiao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Saihong Cao
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Yiyang Medical College, School of Public Health and Laboratory Medicine, Yiyang, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University Infection-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan, 421000, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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6
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Rahlwes KC, Dias BR, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2150449. [PMID: 36419223 PMCID: PMC9817126 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance. We will also take stock of its virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms that modulate host immunity and facilitate its spread. Developing a greater understanding of the interface between Mtb virulence factors and host defences will enable progress toward improved vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Rahlwes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz R.S. Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscila C. Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael U. Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Michael U. Shiloh
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7
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Guo F, Wei J, Song Y, Li B, Qian Z, Wang X, Wang H, Xu T. Immunological effects of the PE/PPE family proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related vaccines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255920. [PMID: 37841250 PMCID: PMC10569470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and its incidence and mortality are increasing. The BCG vaccine was developed in the early 20th century. As the most widely administered vaccine in the world, approximately 100 million newborns are vaccinated with BCG every year, which has saved tens of millions of lives. However, due to differences in region and race, the average protective rate of BCG in preventing tuberculosis in children is still not high in some areas. Moreover, because the immune memory induced by BCG will weaken with the increase of age, it is slightly inferior in preventing adult tuberculosis, and BCG revaccination cannot reduce the incidence of tuberculosis again. Research on the mechanism of Mtb and the development of new vaccines against TB are the main strategies for preventing and treating TB. In recent years, Pro-Glu motif-containing (PE) and Pro-Pro-Glu motif-containing (PPE) family proteins have been found to have an increasingly important role in the pathogenesis and chronic protracted infection observed in TB. The development and clinical trials of vaccines based on Mtb antigens are in progress. Herein, we review the immunological effects of PE/PPE proteins and the development of common PE/PPE vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Guo
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yamin Song
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhongqing Qian
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Clinical and Preclinical Research in Respiratory Disease, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Research Center of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases , Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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8
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Anand PK, Saini V, Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Cell wall and immune modulation by Rv1800 (PPE28) helps M. smegmatis to evade intracellular killing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125837. [PMID: 37455004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Rv1800 is predicted as PPE family protein found in pathogenic mycobacteria only. Under acidic stress, the rv1800 gene was expressed in M. tuberculosis H37Ra. In-silico study showed lipase/esterase activity in C-terminus PE-PPE domain having pentapeptide motif with catalytic Ser-Asp-His residue. Full-length Rv1800 and C-terminus PE-PPE domain proteins showed esterase activity with pNP-C4 at the optimum temperature of 40 °C and pH 8.0. However, the N-terminus PPE domain showed no esterase activity, but involved in thermostability of Rv1800 full-length protein. M. smegmatis expressing rv1800 (MS_Rv1800) showed altered colony morphology and a significant resistance to numerous environmental stresses, antibiotics and higher lipid content. In extracellular and membrane fraction, Rv1800 protein was detected, while C terminus PE-PPE was present in cytoplasm, suggesting the role of N-terminus PPE domain in transportation of protein. MS_Rv1800 infected macrophage showed higher intracellular survival and low production of ROS, NO and expression levels of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines, while induced expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines. The Rv1800, PPE and PE-PPE showed antibody-mediated immunity in MDR-TB and PTB patients. Overall, these results confirmed the esterase activity in the C-terminus and function of N-terminus in thermostabilization and transportation; predicting the role of Rv1800 in immune/lipid modulation to support intracellular mycobacterium survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Varinder Saini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jasbinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arbind Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, BMS Block-1, South Campus, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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9
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García-Bengoa M, Meurer M, Stehr M, Elamin AA, Singh M, Oehlmann W, Mörgelin M, von Köckritz-Blickwede M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE/PPE proteins enhance the production of reactive oxygen species and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206529. [PMID: 37675111 PMCID: PMC10478095 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophil granulocytes predominate in the lungs of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in earlier stages of the disease. During infection, neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an antimicrobial mechanism by which a DNA-backbone spiked with antimicrobial components traps the mycobacteria. However, the specific mycobacterial factors driving NET formation remain unclear. Proteins from the proline-glutamic acid (PE)/proline-proline-glutamic acid (PPE) family are critical to Mtb pathophysiology and virulence. Methods Here, we investigated NET induction by PE18, PPE26, and PE31 in primary human blood-derived neutrophils. Neutrophils were stimulated with the respective proteins for 3h, and NET formation was subsequently assessed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Intracellular ROS levels and cell necrosis were estimated by flow cytometry. Additionally, the influence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a known NADPH oxidase enhancer, on NET formation was examined. Neutrophil integrity following incubation with the PE/PPE proteins was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Results For the first time, we report that stimulation of primary human blood-derived neutrophils with Mtb proteins PE18, PPE26, and PE31 resulted in the formation of NETs, which correlated with an increase in intracellular ROS levels. Notably, the presence of PMA further amplified this effect. Following incubation with the PE/PPE proteins, neutrophils were found to remain viable and structurally intact, as verified through transmission electron microscopy, indicating the occurrence of vital NET formation. Discussion These findings offer valuable insights that contribute to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions during Mtb infection. Moreover, they underscore the significance of these particular Mtb antigens in triggering NET formation, representing a distinctive and previously unrecognized function of PE/PPE antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Bengoa
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marita Meurer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehr
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonosis (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Ramon-Luing LA, Palacios Y, Ruiz A, Téllez-Navarrete NA, Chavez-Galan L. Virulence Factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Modulators of Cell Death Mechanisms. Pathogens 2023; 12:839. [PMID: 37375529 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) modulates diverse cell death pathways to escape the host immune responses and favor its dissemination, a complex process of interest in pathogenesis-related studies. The main virulence factors of Mtb that alter cell death pathways are classified according to their origin as either non-protein (for instance, lipomannan) or protein (such as the PE family and ESX secretion system). The 38 kDa lipoprotein, ESAT-6 (early antigen-secreted protein 6 kDa), and another secreted protein, tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT), induces necroptosis, thereby allowing mycobacteria to survive inside the cell. The inhibition of pyroptosis by blocking inflammasome activation by Zmp1 and PknF is another pathway that aids the intracellular replication of Mtb. Autophagy inhibition is another mechanism that allows Mtb to escape the immune response. The enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein, other proteins, such as ESX-1, SecA2, SapM, PE6, and certain microRNAs, also facilitate Mtb host immune escape process. In summary, Mtb affects the microenvironment of cell death to avoid an effective immune response and facilitate its spread. A thorough study of these pathways would help identify therapeutic targets to prevent the survival of mycobacteria in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero A Ramon-Luing
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yadira Palacios
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City 11200, Mexico
- Department of Biological Systems, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Campus Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Andy Ruiz
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Norma A Téllez-Navarrete
- Department of Healthcare Coordination, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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11
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El-Kalashy MM, Eid HA, Awad SM, Allam ET, Hassan RAA, El-Koa AA. Role of GSDMD and VEGF in differentiating between malignant and non-malignant pleural effusions. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is crucial to differentiate between benign and malignant pleural effusions while making a diagnosis. The purpose of this research was to investigate the diagnostic significance of GSDMD and VEGF in discriminating between different kinds of pleural effusion and their correlation with both progression-free and overall survivals in the malignant type.
Methods
Ninety-one pleural fluid samples, which were classified as transudates or exudates (tuberculous, para-infectious, or malignant) by pleural fluid classifications, were tested for GSDMD using sandwich ELIZA kits, and 41 of the exudative samples were randomly selected for VEGF testing. Both markers' diagnostic accuracy was assessed.
Results
The lowest level of GSDMD was associated with the transudate group (mean and SD of 2.35 ± 0.44 ng/mL) and the highest in the malignant effusion group (mean and SD of 4.38 ± 1.67 ng/mL). The specificity and sensitivity of GSDMD in the diagnosis of exudative PE were 97% and 98%, respectively (p = 0.001) with the cutoff point = 2.89). Regarding VEGF, its level was 222.3 ± 53.4 pg/ml for all studied samples where MPE (n = 21) was 261.2 ± 48.2 pg/ ml (mean ± SD), TBPE (n = 7) was 185.4 ± 6.96 pg/ml (mean ± SD), and PIPE (n = 13) was 179.3 ± 13.9 pg/ml (mean ± SD). The diagnostic accuracy of VEGF for the detection of MPE was 90% with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80% and the cutoff point was 191.5 pg/ml. There were highly significant inverse correlations between progression-free survival and both GSDMD (r =− 0.531, p = 0.009) and VEGF (r = − 0.582, p = 0.006) in MPE.
Conclusion
Pleural effusion GSDMD can be an effective marker for differentiating the different kinds of PE, and VEGF levels can be a useful adjuvant marker in screening out MPE as a possible diagnosis, leading to the proper selection of patients who may benefit from more invasive procedures.
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12
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D'Souza C, Kishore U, Tsolaki AG. The PE-PPE Family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Proteins in Disguise. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152321. [PMID: 36805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has thrived in parallel with humans for millennia, and despite our efforts, M. tuberculosis continues to plague us, currently infecting a third of the world's population. The success of M. tuberculosis has recently been attributed, in part, to the PE-PPE family; a unique collection of 168 proteins fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. The PE-PPE family proteins have been at the forefront of intense research efforts since their discovery in 1998 and whilst our knowledge and understanding has significantly advanced over the last two decades, many important questions remain to be elucidated. This review consolidates and examines the vast body of existing literature regarding the PE-PPE family proteins, with respect to the latest developments in elucidating their evolution, structure, subcellular localisation, function, and immunogenicity. This review also highlights significant inconsistencies and contradictions within the field. Additionally, possible explanations for these knowledge gaps are explored. Lastly, this review poses many important questions, which need to be addressed to complete our understanding of the PE-PPE family, as well as highlighting the challenges associated with studying this enigmatic family of proteins. Further research into the PE-PPE family, together with technological advancements in genomics and proteomics, will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, as well as identify key targets/candidates for the development of novel drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D'Souza
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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13
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Bo H, Moure UAE, Yang Y, Pan J, Li L, Wang M, Ke X, Cui H. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-macrophage interaction: Molecular updates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1062963. [PMID: 36936766 PMCID: PMC10020944 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1062963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB), remains a pathogen of great interest on a global scale. This airborne pathogen affects the lungs, where it interacts with macrophages. Acidic pH, oxidative and nitrosative stressors, and food restrictions make the macrophage's internal milieu unfriendly to foreign bodies. Mtb subverts the host immune system and causes infection due to its genetic arsenal and secreted effector proteins. In vivo and in vitro research have examined Mtb-host macrophage interaction. This interaction is a crucial stage in Mtb infection because lung macrophages are the first immune cells Mtb encounters in the host. This review summarizes Mtb effectors that interact with macrophages. It also examines how macrophages control and eliminate Mtb and how Mtb manipulates macrophage defense mechanisms for its own survival. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ulrich Aymard Ekomi Moure
- The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanmiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Li
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Cui, ; Xiaoxue Ke,
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjuan Cui, ; Xiaoxue Ke,
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14
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Qian J, Hu Y, Zhang X, Chi M, Xu S, Wang H, Zhang X. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS19 Induces Pyroptosis through a Non-Classical Caspase-11/GSDMD Pathway in Macrophages. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122473. [PMID: 36557726 PMCID: PMC9785159 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The PE/PPE protein family commonly exists in pathogenic species, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, suggesting a role in virulence and its maintenance. However, the exact role of most PE/PPE proteins in host-pathogen interactions remains unknown. Here, we constructed a recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing M. tuberculosis PE_PGRS19 (Ms_PE_PGRS19) and found that PE_PGRS19 overexpression resulted in accelerated bacterial growth in vitro, increased bacterial survival in macrophages, and enhanced cell damage capacity. Ms_PE_PGRS19 also induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ms_PE_PGRS19 induced cell pyroptosis by cleaving caspase-11 via a non-classical pathway rather than caspase-1 activation and further inducing the cleavage of gasdermin D, which led to the release of IL-1β and IL-18. To the best of our current knowledge, this is the first report of a PE/PPE family protein activating cell pyroptosis via a non-classical pathway, which expands the knowledge on PE/PPE protein functions, and these pathogenic factors involved in bacterial survival and spread could be potential drug targets for anti-tuberculosis therapy.
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15
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Eshraghisamani R, Mirto AJ, Wang J, Behr MA, Barkema HW, De Buck J. Identification of essential genes in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome for persistence in dairy calves. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994421. [PMID: 36338087 PMCID: PMC9631821 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To cause disease Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis needs to enter mammalian cells, arrest phagosomal maturation and manipulate the host immune system. The genetic basis of the bacterial capacity to achieve these outcomes remains largely unknown. Identifying these genes would allow us to gain a deeper understanding of MAP's pathogenesis and potentially develop a live attenuated Johne's disease vaccine by knocking out these genes. MAP genes demonstrated to be essential for colonization in the natural host, ruminants, are unknown. Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing were combined to evaluate the essentiality of each coding region in the bacterial genome to survive in dairy calves. A saturated library of 3,852 MAP Tn mutants, with insertions in 56% of TA sites, interrupting 88% of genes, was created using a MycoMarT7 phagemid containing a mariner transposon. Six calves were inoculated with a high dose of a library of MAP mutants, 1011 CFUs, (input) at 2 weeks of age. Following 2 months of incubation, MAP cells were isolated from the ileum, jejunum, and their associated lymph nodes of calves, resulting in approximately 100,000 colonies grown on solid media across 6 animals (output). Targeted next-generation sequencing was used to identify the disrupted genes in all the mutants in the input pool and the output pool recovered from the tissues to identify in vivo essential genes. Statistical analysis for the determination of essential genes was performed by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), categorizing genes into essential genes that are devoid of insertions and growth-defect genes whose disruption impairs the growth of the organism. Sequence analysis identified 430 in vivo essential and 260 in vivo growth-defect genes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of the in vivo essential and growth-defect genes with the highest reduction in the tissues revealed a high representation of genes involved in metabolism and respiration, cell wall and cell processing, virulence, and information pathway processes. This study has systematically identified essential genes for the growth and persistence of MAP in the natural host body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Eshraghisamani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda J. Mirto
- Environmental Health and Safety, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joyce Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcel A. Behr
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Herman W. Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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16
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Xiao M, Yang S, Zhou A, Li T, Liu J, Chen Y, Luo Y, Qian C, Yang F, Tang B, Li C, Su N, Li J, Jiang M, Yang S, Lin H. MiR-27a-3p and miR-30b-5p inhibited-vitamin D receptor involved in the progression of tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020542. [PMID: 36304947 PMCID: PMC9593098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in tuberculosis (TB). Vitamin D receptor (VDR), an miRNA target gene, and its ligand, vitamin D3 (VitD3), have been reported to exert protective effects against TB. However, whether miRNAs can affect the progression of TB by targeting VDR has not been reported. Materials and methods Research subjects were selected according to defined inclusion criteria. A clinical database of 360 samples was established, including the subjects’ demographic information, miRNA expression profiles and cellular experimental results. Two candidate miRNAs, miR-27a-3p, and miR-30b-5p, were identified by a high-throughput sequencing screen and validated by qRT–PCR assays. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. VDR and NF-kB p65 protein levels were detected by Western blot assays. Proinflammatory cytokine expression levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Luciferase assays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were further applied to elucidate the detailed mechanisms. Results Differential miRNA expression profiles were obtained, and miR-27a-3p and miR-30b-5p were highly expressed in patients with TB. These results showed that the two miRNAs were able to induce M1 macrophage differentiation and inhibit M2 macrophage differentiation. Further experiments showed that the two miRNAs decreased the VDR protein level and increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion by macrophages. Mechanistically, the miRNAs targeted the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the VDR mRNA and thereby downregulated VDR protein levels by post-transcriptional regulation. Then, due to the reduction in VDR protein levels, the NF-kB inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway was activated, thus promoting the progression of TB. Conclusion Our study not only identified differentially expressed miRNAs between the TB and control groups but also revealed that miR-27a-3p and miR-30b-5p regulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion and macrophage differentiation through VDR in macrophages. Thus, these two miRNAs influence the progression of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunfang Qian
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuping Yang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Su
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingying Jiang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Mingying Jiang,
| | - Shiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Shiming Yang,
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Hui Lin,
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17
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Suo J, Wang X, Zhao R, Ma P, Ge L, Luo T. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE7 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Manipulates Host Cell Cytokine Secretion Through Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:525-535. [PMID: 36178924 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The PE/PPE family proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been associated with its virulence and interaction with the host immune system. The highly virulent modern lineage of M. tuberculosis possesses a lineage-specific PPE gene (PPE7), which arises from an ancestral mutation and is rarely studied. Here we examined the role of PPE7 in mycobacterial pathogenicity and survival by expressing M. tuberculosis PPE7 in Mycobacterium smegmatis. We show that, PPE7 activates host inflammation by increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, while suppressing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, possibly through the nuclear factor kappa B, ERK1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Overexpressing PPE7 in M. smegmatis could enhance bacterial intracellular survival of infected macrophages. Furthermore, higher level of bacterial persistence, higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 cytokines, and more injury in the lung, liver, and spleen tissues of infected mice has been discovered. In conclusion, PPE7 could manipulate host immune response and increase bacterial persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Suo
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchuan Zhao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjiao Ma
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ge
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Luo
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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18
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Pattanaik KP, Sengupta S, Jit BP, Kotak R, Sonawane A. Host-Mycobacteria conflict: Immune responses of the host vs. the mycobacteria TLR2 and TLR4 ligands and concomitant host-directed therapy. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Dong W, Wang G, Feng J, Li P, Wang R, Lu H, Lu W, Wang C, Wang X, Chen H, Xiang Y, Tan C. MiR-25 blunts autophagy and promotes the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by regulating NPC1. iScience 2022; 25:104279. [PMID: 35586071 PMCID: PMC9108763 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) evades host clearance by inhibiting autophagy. MicroRNA-25 (miR-25) expression was significantly up-regulated in the lung tissues of mice infected with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and macrophages infected with Mtb or BCG, especially in the early stages of infection. MiR-25 can significantly increase the survival of Mtb and BCG in macrophages. We validated that miR-25 targets the NPC1 protein located on the lysosomal membrane, resulting in damage to lysosomal function, thereby inhibiting autophagolysosome formation and promoting the survival of Mtb and BCG. Consistently, mice lacking miR-25 exhibited more resistant to BCG infection. In addition, we found that Rv1759c induces the expression of miR-25 through NFKB inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ). This study demonstrates that the role of miR-25 during Mtb infection contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB). Mtb up-modulates miR-25 expression especially in the early stage of infection miR-25 targeting NPC1 impairs autophagic flux in macrophages Mice lacking miR-25 exhibits more resistant to BCG infection Rv1759c regulates miR-25 expression and Mtb survival via NFKBIZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Experimental Animal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaozu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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20
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Jia H, Chu H, Dai G, Cao T, Sun Z. Rv1258c acts as a drug efflux pump and growth controlling factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 133:102172. [PMID: 35158297 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The possible role of efflux pump as a survival mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is gaining an increasing attention. Previously, Rv1258c (Tap) and its certain mutations confer the clinically relevant drug resistance. In this study, we found new mutations of Rv1258c in G195C, T297P and I328T. Effect of modulating T297P and I328T on the drug resistance by knockout and complement in M. tb H37Rv showed that M. tb ΔRv1258c showed a slightly lower MIC for rifampin, ethambutol, ofloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin and streptomycin than M. tb H37Rv WT and the complement. Rv1258c T297P and Rv1258c I328T showed an increased drug resistance to ethambutol and capreomycin than the complement of Rv1258c WT. Most importantly, M. tb ΔRv1258c exhibited a slow growth in the normal culture medium. TMT-based quantitative proteomics analysis of M. tb ΔRv1258c and WT showed that the knockout of Rv1258c greatly down-regulated the expression of the ribosome system and one of the special five type VII secretion systems, ESX-3, which impaired the bacterial growth. These results indicate that the newly found T297P and I328T mutations of Rv1258c contributed to an increased resistance to ethambutol and capreomycin, and Rv1258c as growth controlling factor influencing the growth of M. tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China; Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Hongqian Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China; Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Guangming Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China; Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Tingming Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China; Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China; Translational Medicine Center, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.
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21
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Li Y, Fu Y, Sun J, Shen J, Liu F, Ning B, Lu Z, Wei L, Jiang X. Tanshinone IIA alleviates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-(H37Ra-) infected macrophages by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114595. [PMID: 34517060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tanshinone IIA (Tan), extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is a perennial herbal plant widely used as a folk remedy in Asian countries. Several studies have proved that Tanshinone IIA possesses many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, free-radical scavenging abilities, antioxidant properties, liver protection, and anti-cancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of the present study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Tan. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro infection model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages with the H37Ra strain was established. Murine macrophage Raw 264.7 and human monocyte THP-1 were used for the experiments. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. Western blot and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays were used to detect the effects of Tan on cell pyroptosis and the level of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Western blot, Co-immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence assays were used to observe the effect of Tan on the expression level of TXNIP. Immunofluorescence assays were applied to explore the effect of Tan on mtROS. Western blot and agarose gel electrophoresis were adopted to observe the effect of Tan on endoplasmic reticulum stress. The siRNA technique was applied to knockdown the expression levels of PERK/peIF2α, IRE1α and ATF6, and Western blot assay was employed to explore the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and possible molecular regulation mechanism of Tan. RESULTS This study demonstrated that Tan decreased Mtb-induced cell pyroptosis by measuring GSDMD-N and LDH release provoked by NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, Tan inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), mitochondrial damage, and TXNIP protein expression, all of which acted as upstream signals of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Mtb-infected macrophages. Significantly, NLRP3 inflammasome activation was suppressed by knocking down ERS pathway proteins, which further clarified that Tan partly targeted ERS to exert anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory actions. CONCLUSION This research confirms Tan's anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory mechanisms in Mtb-infected macrophages by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis provoked by ERS. Tan may function as an adjuvant drug to treat TB by adjusting host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Fanglin Liu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Bangzuo Ning
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Luyao Wei
- The Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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22
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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS Protein Family Acts as an Immunological Decoy to Subvert Host Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010525. [PMID: 35008950 PMCID: PMC8745494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a successful pathogen that can reside within the alveolar macrophages of the host and can survive in a latent stage. The pathogen has evolved and developed multiple strategies to resist the host immune responses. M.tb escapes from host macrophage through evasion or subversion of immune effector functions. M.tb genome codes for PE/PPE/PE_PGRS proteins, which are intrinsically disordered, redundant and antigenic in nature. These proteins perform multiple functions that intensify the virulence competence of M.tb majorly by modulating immune responses, thereby affecting immune mediated clearance of the pathogen. The highly repetitive, redundant and antigenic nature of PE/PPE/PE_PGRS proteins provide a critical edge over other M.tb proteins in terms of imparting a higher level of virulence and also as a decoy molecule that masks the effect of effector molecules, thereby modulating immuno-surveillance. An understanding of how these proteins subvert the host immunological machinery may add to the current knowledge about M.tb virulence and pathogenesis. This can help in redirecting our strategies for tackling M.tb infections.
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23
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Gong Z, Han S, Liang T, Zhang H, Sun Q, Pan H, Wang H, Yang J, Cheng L, Lv X, Yue Q, Fan L, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector PPE36 attenuates host cytokine storm damage via inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7405-7420. [PMID: 33959974 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a serious global public health threat. Macrophage polarization is crucial for the innate immunity against M. tuberculosis. However, how M. tuberculosis interferes with macrophage polarization is elusive. We demonstrated here that M. tuberculosis PPE36 (Rv2108) blocked macrophage M1 polarization, preventing the cytokine storm, and alleviating inflammatory damage to mouse immune organs. PPE36 inhibited the polarization of THP-1 cell differentiation to M1 macrophages, reduced mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, inhibited the expression of CD16, and repressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL5. Intriguingly, in the mouse infection model, PPE36 significantly alleviated the inflammatory damage of immune organs caused by a cytokine storm. Furthermore, we found that PPE36 inhibited the polarization of macrophages into mature M1 macrophages by suppressing the ERK signaling. The study provided novel insights into the function and mechanism of action of M. tuberculosis effector PPE36 both at the cellular and animal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian Liang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huimin Pan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qijia Yue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Shanghai Clinic and Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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24
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Sharma S, Sharma M. Proline-Glutamate/Proline-Proline-Glutamate (PE/PPE) proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The multifaceted immune-modulators. Acta Trop 2021; 222:106035. [PMID: 34224720 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The PE/PPE proteins encoded by seven percent (7%) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome are the chief constituents to pathogen's virulence reservoir. The fact that these genes have evolved along ESX secretory system in pathogenic Mtb strains make their investigation very intriguing. There is lot of speculation about the prominent role of these proteins at host pathogen interface and in disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the exact function of PE/PPE proteins still remains a mystery which calls for further research targeting these proteins. This article is an effort to document all the facts known so far with regard to these unique proteins which involves their origin, evolution, transcriptional control, and most important their role as host immune-modulators. Our understanding strongly points towards the versatile nature of these PE/PPE proteins as Mtb's host immune sensors and as decisive factors in shaping the outcome of infection. Further investigation on these proteins will surely pave way for newer and effective vaccines and therapeutics to control Tuberculosis (TB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhna Sharma
- DS Kothari Central Interdisciplinary Research Centre and Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- DS Kothari Central Interdisciplinary Research Centre and Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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25
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Li P, Shi J, Zhou L, Wang B, Zhang LJ, Duan L, Hu Q, Zhou X, Yuan Y, Li D, Chen H, Zhao Q, Peng X, Chen W. Pleural Fluid GSDMD Is a Novel Biomarker for the Early Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:620322. [PMID: 34163438 PMCID: PMC8215111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.620322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gasdermin D (GSDMD), controlling pyroptosis in cells, has multiple physiological functions. The diagnostic role of GSDMD in pleural effusion (PE) remains unknown. METHODS Sandwich ELISA kits that we developed were applied to measure the level of GSDMD for 335 patients with a definite cause of PE, including transudative PE, tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), parapneumonic pleural effusion (PPE), and malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The diagnostic accuracy of Light's criteria vs. the new marker GSDMD was performed. Clinical follow-up of 40 cases of PPE was conducted and divided into efficacy and non-efficacy groups according to the therapeutic outcome. Nucleated cells (NCs) in PE were isolated and further infected with bacteria to verify the cell source of GSDMD. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy of GSDMD for the diagnosis of PE were 96% (sensitivity) and 94% (specificity). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that GSDMD can be an efficient biomarker for the differential diagnosis of transudative PE and other groups (all AUC > 0.973). Noteworthily, the highest AUC belonged to tuberculosis diagnosis of 0.990, and the cut-off value was 18.40 ng/mL. Moreover, the same cut-off value of PPE and MPE was 9.35 ng/mL. The combination of GSDMD, adenosine deaminase (ADA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) will further improve the diagnostic efficiency especially between TPE and PPE (AUC = 0.968). The AUC of GSDMD change at day 4, which could predict the therapeutic effect at an early stage, was 0.945 (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, bacterial infection experiments further confirm that the pleural fluid GSDMD was expressed and secreted mainly by the NCs. CONCLUSION GSDMD and its combination are candidates as a potentially novel biomarker not only to separate PEs early and effectively, but also monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhou
- Department of Medical Record Management, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Laboratory Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Peng
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing People’s Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Tanshinone II A enhances pyroptosis and represses cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222522. [PMID: 32232409 PMCID: PMC7160242 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally. Lack of effective pharmacotherapies for cervical cancer mainly attributed to an elusive understanding of the mechanism underlying its pathogenesis. Pyroptosis plays a key role in inflammation and cancer. Our study identified microRNA (miR) 145 (miR-145)/gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling pathway as critical mediators in the effect of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells. In the present study, we found that treatment of tanshinone II A led to an obvious repression of cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis on HeLa cells, especially in high concentration. Compared with the controlled group, tanshinone II A enhanced the activity of caspase3 and caspase9. Notably, the results demonstrated that tanshinone II A regulated cell proliferation of HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling pathway. Treatment of tanshinone II A significantly up-regulated the expression of GSDMD and miR-145. After transfection of si-miR-145 plasmids, the effects of tanshinone II A on HeLa cells were converted, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and pyroptosis. In addition, the results showed that tanshinone II A treatment altered the expression level of PI3K, p-Akt, NF-kB p65 and Lc3-I. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that tanshinone II A exerts anticancer activity on HeLa cells by regulating miR-145/GSDMD signaling. The present study is the first time to identify miR-145 as a candidate target in cervical cancer and show an association between miR-145 and pyroptosis, which provides a novel therapy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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27
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Asaad M, Kaisar Ali M, Abo-Kadoum MA, Lambert N, Gong Z, Wang H, Uae M, Nazou SAE, Kuang Z, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE10 (Rv0442c) alters host cell apoptosis and cytokine profile via linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex HOIP-NF-κB signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107363. [PMID: 33667868 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains one of the top ten causes of deaths worldwide. M. tuberculosis genome devoted 10% capacity for highly repeated PE/PPE genes family. To explore the role of PPE10 in host-pathogen interaction, PPE10 encoding gene Rv0442c was heterologously expressed in the nonpathogenic M. smegmatis strain. PPE10 altered the bacterial cell surface properties, colony morphology, and biofilm formation. Ms_PPE10 showed more resistance to stress conditions such as diamide, and low pH, as well as higher survival within the macrophage. Moreover, the host's cell apoptosis was regulated via decreased expression of caspases, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α through the Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (LUBAC) HOIP-NF-κB signaling axis. The study revealed novel insights into the mechanism of action of the PPE family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asaad
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Md Kaisar Ali
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - M A Abo-Kadoum
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assuit branch, Egypt
| | - Nzungize Lambert
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhen Gong
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Moure Uae
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Stech A E Nazou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhongmei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, PR China.
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28
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Fiil BK, Gyrd-Hansen M. The Met1-linked ubiquitin machinery in inflammation and infection. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:557-569. [PMID: 33473179 PMCID: PMC7816137 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an essential post-translational modification that regulates most cellular processes. The assembly of ubiquitin into polymeric chains by E3 ubiquitin ligases underlies the pleiotropic functions ubiquitin chains regulate. Ubiquitin chains assembled via the N-terminal methionine, termed Met1-linked ubiquitin chains or linear ubiquitin chains, have emerged as essential signalling scaffolds that regulate pro-inflammatory responses, anti-viral interferon responses, cell death and xenophagy of bacterial pathogens downstream of innate immune receptors. Met1-linked ubiquitin chains are exclusively assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex, LUBAC, and are disassembled by the deubiquitinases OTULIN and CYLD. Genetic defects that perturb the regulation of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains causes severe immune-related disorders, illustrating their potent signalling capacity. Here, we review the current knowledge about the cellular machinery that conjugates, recognises, and disassembles Met1-linked ubiquitin chains, and discuss the function of this unique posttranslational modification in regulating inflammation, cell death and immunity to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthe Katrine Fiil
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XLEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Gyrd-Hansen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XLEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
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29
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Jahan AS, Elbæk CR, Damgaard RB. Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling in health and disease: inflammation, immunity, cancer, and beyond. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:473-492. [PMID: 33441937 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin (ubiquitination) provides a rapid and versatile mechanism for regulating cellular signalling systems. Met1-linked (or 'linear') ubiquitin chains have emerged as a key regulatory signal that controls cell death, immune signalling, and other vital cellular functions. The molecular machinery that assembles, senses, and disassembles Met1-linked ubiquitin chains is highly specific. In recent years, the thorough biochemical and genetic characterisation of the enzymes and proteins of the Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling machinery has paved the way for substantial advances in our understanding of how Met1-linked ubiquitin chains control cell signalling and biology. Here, we review current knowledge and recent insights into the role of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains in cell signalling with an emphasis on their role in disease biology. Met1-linked ubiquitin has potent regulatory functions in immune signalling, NF-κB transcription factor activation, and cell death. Importantly, mounting evidence shows that dysregulation of Met1-linked ubiquitin signalling is associated with multiple human diseases, including immune disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. We discuss the latest evidence on the cellular function of Met1-linked ubiquitin in the context of its associated diseases and highlight new emerging roles of Met1-linked ubiquitin chains in cell signalling, including regulation of protein quality control and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhee Sabiha Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Camilla Reiter Elbæk
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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30
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Qian J, Chen R, Wang H, Zhang X. Role of the PE/PPE Family in Host-Pathogen Interactions and Prospects for Anti-Tuberculosis Vaccine and Diagnostic Tool Design. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594288. [PMID: 33324577 PMCID: PMC7726347 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pe/ppe genes are found in pathogenic, slow-growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) species. These genes are considered key factors in host-pathogen interactions. Although the function of most PE/PPE family proteins remains unclear, accumulating evidence suggests that this family is involved in M. tuberculosis infection. Here, we review the role of PE/PPE proteins, which are believed to be linked to the ESX system function. Further, we highlight the reported functions of PE/PPE proteins, including their roles in host cell interaction, immune response regulation, and cell fate determination during complex host-pathogen processes. Finally, we propose future directions for PE/PPE protein research and consider how the current knowledge might be applied to design more specific diagnostics and effective vaccines for global tuberculosis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Qu Z, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Xie Y, Jiang Y, Wu J, Luo Z, Liu G, Yin L, Zhang XL. Mycobacterial EST12 activates a RACK1-NLRP3-gasdermin D pyroptosis-IL-1β immune pathway. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/43/eaba4733. [PMID: 33097533 PMCID: PMC7608829 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been implicated in eliminating pathogenic infections. However, macrophage pyroptosis-related proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) have largely gone unexplored. Here, we identified a cell pyroptosis-inducing protein, Rv1579c, named EST12, secreted from the M.tb H37Rv region of difference 3. EST12 binds to the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) in macrophages, and the EST12-RACK1 complex recruits the deubiquitinase UCHL5 to promote the K48-linked deubiquitination of NLRP3, subsequently leading to an NLRP3 inflammasome caspase-1/11-pyroptosis gasdermin D-interleukin-1β immune process. Analysis of the crystal structure of EST12 reveals that the amino acid Y80 acts as a critical binding site for RACK1. An EST12-deficient strain (H37RvΔEST12) displayed higher susceptibility to M.tb infection in vitro and in vivo. These results provide the first proof that RACK1 acts as an endogenous host sensor for pathogens and that EST12-RACK1-induced pyroptosis plays a pivotal role in M.tb-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Qu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yanjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zuoqin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430077, China.
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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32
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Meneguello JE, Arita GS, Silva JVDO, Ghiraldi-Lopes LD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Siqueira VLD, Scodro RBDL, Pilau EJ, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Cardoso RF. Insight about cell wall remodulation triggered by rifampicin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 120:101903. [PMID: 32090864 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rifampicin plays an important role during the treatment of tuberculosis, which makes it to be recommended throughout the regimen. The molecular target for rifampicin activity and resistance is the bacterial RNA polymerase coded by rpoB. However, it has been observed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis could use different metabolic pathways contributing to drug activity/resistance. In this sense, Proteomics analysis has been a key aspect towards the understanding of the dynamic genome expression triggered by drugs and other M. tuberculosis hostile stimuli. Herein, we aimed to report the changes in the M. tuberculosis protein profile triggered by rifampicin. The M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was submitted to 12, 24 and 48 h of rifampicin challenge, at the minimal inhibitory concentration (0.03 μg mL-1), and proteins were extracted. The protein identification was carried out by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Four proteins, Ino1 (Rv0046c), FabD (Rv2243), EsxK (Rv1197) and PPE60 (Rv3478) were statistically underexpressed over 48 h of rifampicin exposure, indicating that in addition to the known activity of rifampin in transcriptional machinery in M. tuberculosis, processes related to disturbance in cell wall synthesis and lipid metabolism in the bacillus are also triggered by rifampicin contributing to bacillus death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Sayuri Arita
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - João Vitor de Oliveira Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias Ghiraldi-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jorge Pilau
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paula Aline Zannetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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33
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Ali MK, Zhen G, Nzungize L, Stojkoska A, Duan X, Li C, Duan W, Xu J, Xie J. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE31 ( Rv3477) Attenuates Host Cell Apoptosis and Promotes Recombinant M. smegmatis Intracellular Survival via Up-regulating GTPase Guanylate Binding Protein-1. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:40. [PMID: 32117813 PMCID: PMC7020884 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis comprising proline–glutamic acid (PE) subfamily proteins associate with virulence, pathogenesis, and host-immune modulations. While the functions of most of this family members are not yet explored. Here, we explore the functions of “PE only” subfamily member PE31 (Rv3477) in virulence and host-pathogen interactions. We have expressed the M. tuberculosis PE31 in non-pathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis strain (Ms_PE31) and demonstrated that PE31 significantly altered the cell facet features including colony morphology and biofilm formation. PE31 expressing M. smegmatis showed more resistant to the low pH, diamide, H2O2 and surface stress. Moreover, Ms_PE31 showed higher intracellular survival in macrophage THP-1 cells. Ms_PE31 significantly down-regulated the production of IL-12p40 and IL-6, while up-regulates the production of IL-10 in macrophages. Ms_PE31 also induced the expression of guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) in macrophages. Further analysis demonstrates that Ms_PE31 inhibits the caspase-3 activation and reduces the macrophages apoptosis. Besides, the NF-κB signaling pathway involves the interplay between Ms_PE31 and macrophages. Collectively, our finding identified that PE31 act as a functionally relevant virulence factor of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kaisar Ali
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Zhen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lambert Nzungize
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrea Stojkoska
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangke Duan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Duan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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