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Zhou Q, Chen Y, Liang Y, Sun Y. The Role of Lysophospholipid Metabolites LPC and LPA in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:317. [PMID: 38921452 PMCID: PMC11205356 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. While there are some available treatment options, the effectiveness of treatment varies depending on individual differences and the phenotypes of the disease. Therefore, exploring or identifying potential therapeutic targets for COPD is urgently needed. In recent years, there has been growing evidence showing that lysophospholipids, namely lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of COPD. Exploring the metabolism of lysophospholipids holds promise for understanding the underlying mechanism of COPD development and developing novel strategies for COPD treatment. This review primarily concentrates on the involvement and signaling pathways of LPC and LPA in the development and progression of COPD. Furthermore, we reviewed their associations with clinical manifestations, phenotypes, and prognosis within the COPD context and discussed the potential of the pivotal signaling molecules as viable therapeutic targets for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiang Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yahong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.Z.); (Y.C.); (Y.S.)
- Research Center for Chronic Airway Diseases, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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2
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Lescop C, Brotschi C, Williams JT, Sager CP, Birker M, Morrison K, Froidevaux S, Delahaye S, Nayler O, Bolli MH. Discovery of a Novel Orally Active, Selective LPA Receptor Type 1 Antagonist, 4-(4-(2-Isopropylphenyl)-4-((2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)carbamoyl)piperidin-1-yl)-4-oxobutanoic Acid, with a Distinct Molecular Scaffold. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2379-2396. [PMID: 38349223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) antagonists show promise as potentially novel antifibrotic treatments. In a human LPAR1 β-arrestin recruitment-based high-throughput screening campaign, we identified urea 19 as a hit with a LPAR1 IC50 value of 5.0 μM. Hit-to-lead activities revealed that one of the urea nitrogen atoms can be replaced by carbon and establish the corresponding phenylacetic amide as a lead structure for further optimization. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of piperidine 18 as a potent and selective LPAR1 antagonist with oral activity in a mouse model of LPA-induced skin vascular leakage. The molecular scaffold of 18 shares no obvious structural similarity with any other LPAR1 antagonist disclosed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lescop
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christine Brotschi
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jodi T Williams
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P Sager
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Birker
- DD Biology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Keith Morrison
- DD Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Froidevaux
- DD Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Delahaye
- Preclinical DMPK, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- DD Biology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Bolli
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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3
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Lescop C, Birker M, Brotschi C, Bürki C, Morrison K, Froidevaux S, Delahaye S, Nayler O, Bolli MH. Discovery of the Novel, Orally Active, and Selective LPA1 Receptor Antagonist ACT-1016-0707 as a Preclinical Candidate for the Treatment of Fibrotic Diseases. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2397-2424. [PMID: 38349250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Piperidine 3 is a potent and selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype 1 receptor (LPAR1) antagonist that has shown efficacy in a skin vascular leakage target engagement model in mice. However, compound 3 has very high human plasma protein binding and high clearance in rats, which could significantly hamper its clinical development. Continued lead optimization led to the potent, less protein bound, metabolically stable, and orally active azetidine 17. Rat pharmacokinetics (PK) studies revealed that 17 accumulated in the liver. In vitro studies indicated that 17 is an organic anion co-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) substrate. Although analogue 24 was no longer a substrate of OATP1B1, PK studies suggested that the compound undergoes enterohepatic recirculation. Replacing the carboxylic acidic side chain by a non-acidic sulfamide moiety and further fine-tuning of the scaffold yielded the potent, orally active LPAR1 antagonist 49, which was selected for preclinical development for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lescop
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Birker
- DD Biology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Christine Brotschi
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Bürki
- Chemistry Process R&D, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Keith Morrison
- DD Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Froidevaux
- DD Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Delahaye
- Preclinical DMPK, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Nayler
- DD Biology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Martin H Bolli
- DD Chemistry, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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4
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Zhao J, Stephens T, Zhao Y. Molecular Regulation of Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 1 Maturation and Desensitization. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:477-483. [PMID: 34032994 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-00999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPA1) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family. The ligand for LPA1 is LPA, the simplest lysophospholipid. LPA is considered a growth factor and induces cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and cell migration. The pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic roles of LPA have also been well-demonstrated. Most of the biological functions of LPA are mostly executed through LPA1. The mature form of LPA1 is glycosylated and localized on the plasma membrane. LPA1 is bound to heterotrimetric G proteins and transduces intracellular signaling in response to ligation to LPA. Desensitization of LPA1 negatively regulates LPA1-mediated signaling and the resulting biological functions. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination are well-demonstrated posttranslational modifications of GPCR. In this review, we will discuss our knowledge of LPA1 glycosylation, maturation, and trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi to the plasma membrane. Moreover, in light of recent findings, we will also discuss molecular regulation of LPA1 internalization and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Stephens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Lysophospholipids in Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:373-391. [PMID: 33788203 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lysophospholipids (LPLs) belong to a group of bioactive lipids that play pivotal roles in several physiological and pathological processes. LPLs are derivatives of phospholipids and consist of a single hydrophobic fatty acid chain, a hydrophilic head, and a phosphate group with or without a large molecule attached. Among the LPLs, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are the simplest, and have been shown to be involved in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases such as acute lung injury, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate LPA and S1P signaling. In this chapter, we will discuss on the role of LPA, S1P, their metabolizing enzymes, inhibitors or agonists of their receptors, and their GPCR-mediated signaling in lung inflammatory symptoms and diseases, focusing specially on acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Terao R, Kaneko H. Lipid Signaling in Ocular Neovascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134758. [PMID: 32635437 PMCID: PMC7369954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis play a crucial role in embryonic development. Pathological neovascularization in ocular tissues can lead to vision-threatening vascular diseases, including proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, choroidal neovascularization, and corneal neovascularization. Neovascularization involves various cellular processes and signaling pathways and is regulated by angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Modulating these circuits may represent a promising strategy to treat ocular neovascular diseases. Lipid mediators derived from membrane lipids are abundantly present in most tissues and exert a wide range of biological functions by regulating various signaling pathways. In particular, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids exert potent pro-angiogenic or anti-angiogenic effects, according to the findings of numerous preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the regulation of ocular neovascularization by lipid mediators and their metabolites. A better understanding of the effects of lipid signaling in neovascularization may provide novel therapeutic strategies to treat ocular neovascular diseases and other human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Terao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3815-5411
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
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Elevated Autotaxin and LPA Levels During Chronic Viral Hepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associate with Systemic Immune Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121867. [PMID: 31769428 PMCID: PMC6966516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating autotaxin (ATX) is elevated in persons with liver disease, particularly in the setting of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV/HIV infection. It is thought that plasma ATX levels are, in part, attributable to impaired liver clearance that is secondary to fibrotic liver disease. In a discovery data set, we identified plasma ATX to be associated with parameters of systemic immune activation during chronic HCV and HCV/HIV infection. We and others have observed a partial normalization of ATX levels within months of starting interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCV therapy, consistent with a non-fibrotic liver disease contribution to elevated ATX levels, or HCV-mediated hepatocyte activation. Relationships between ATX, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and parameters of systemic immune activation will be discussed in the context of HCV infection, age, immune health, liver health, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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8
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Müller DC, Kauppi A, Edin A, Gylfe Å, Sjöstedt AB, Johansson A. Phospholipid levels in blood during community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216379. [PMID: 31063483 PMCID: PMC6504044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids, major constituents of bilayer cell membranes, are present in large amounts in pulmonary surfactant and play key roles in cell signaling. Here, we aim at finding clinically useful disease markers in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using comprehensive phospholipid profiling in blood and modeling of changes between sampling time points. Serum samples from 33 patients hospitalized with CAP were collected at admission, three hours after the start of intravenous antibiotics, Day 1 (at 12–24 h), Day 2 (at 36–48 h), and several weeks after recovery. A profile of 75 phospholipid species including quantification of the bioactive lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) was determined using liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. To control for possible enzymatic degradation of LPCs, serum autotaxin levels were examined. Twenty-two of the 33 patients with a clinical diagnosis of CAP received a laboratory-verified CAP diagnosis by microbial culture or microbial DNA detection by qPCR. All major phospholipid species, especially the LPCs, were pronouncedly decreased in the acute stage of illness. Total and individual LPC concentrations increased shortly after the initiation of antibiotic treatment, concentrations were at their lowest 3h after the initiation, and increased after Day 1. The total LPC concentration increased by a change ratio of 1.6–1.7 between acute illness and Day 2, and by a ratio of 3.7 between acute illness and full disease resolution. Autotaxin levels were low in acute illness and showed little changes over time, contradicting a hypothesis of enzymatic degradation causing the low levels of LPCs. In this sample of patients with CAP, the results demonstrate that LPC concentration changes in serum of patients with CAP closely mirrored the early transition from acute illness to recovery after the initiation of antibiotics. LPCs should be further explored as potential disease stage biomarkers in CAP and for their potential physiological role during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Müller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Kauppi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alicia Edin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Gylfe
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders B. Sjöstedt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Johansson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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9
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Cho JH, Han JS. Phospholipase D and Its Essential Role in Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:805-813. [PMID: 29145720 PMCID: PMC5712509 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phospholipase D (PLD) in cancer development and management has been a major area of interest for researchers. The purpose of this mini-review is to explore PLD and its distinct role during chemotherapy including anti-apoptotic function. PLD is an enzyme that belongs to the phospholipase super family and is found in a broad range of organisms such as viruses, yeast, bacteria, animals, and plants. The function and activity of PLD are widely dependent on and regulated by neurotransmitters, hormones, small monomeric GTPases, and lipids. A growing body of research has shown that PLD activity is significantly increased in cancer tissues and cells, indicating that it plays a critical role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic processes. In addition, recent studies show that PLD is a downstream transcriptional target of proteins that contribute to inflammation and carcinogenesis such as Sp1, NFκB, TCF4, ATF-2, NFATc2, and EWS-Fli. Thus, compounds that inhibit expression or activity of PLD in cells can be potentially useful in reducing inflammation and sensitizing resistant cancers during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Cho
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 4321,
USA
| | - Joong-Soo Han
- Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763,
Korea
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10
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Zhang X, Biagini Myers JM, Yadagiri VK, Ulm A, Chen X, Weirauch MT, Khurana Hershey GK, Ji H. Nasal DNA methylation differentiates corticosteroid treatment response in pediatric asthma: A pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186150. [PMID: 29028809 PMCID: PMC5640236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment response to systemic corticosteroid in asthmatic children is heterogeneous and may be mediated by epigenetic mechanism(s). We aim to identify DNA methylation (DNAm) changes responsive to steroid, and DNAm biomarkers that distinguish treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS We followed 33 children (ages 5-18) presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) for asthma exacerbation. Based on whether they met discharge criteria in ≤24 hours, participants were grouped into good and poor responders to steroid treatment. Nasal samples were collected upon presentation to the ED (T0) and 18-24 hours later (T1). Genome-wide DNAm was measured for both time points in 20 subjects, and compared between T0 and T1 in good and poor responders respectively. DNAm at T1 was also compared between two responder groups. DNAm of selected CpGs was verified in the complete cohort, and expression of associated genes was examined. Interactions between DNAm, common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located at the CpG sites and treatment responses were assessed. RESULTS Three CpGs located in the OTX2 promoter showed responder-specific DNAm changes from T0 to T1, in which DNAm decreased in good but not in poor responders. Good and poor responders showed differential DNAm at T1 in 127 CpGs without and 182 CpGs with common SNP co-localization. Negative correlations between DNAm and gene expression were observed at CpGs located within the LDHC promoter, suggesting an impact of DNAm on gene regulation. Interactions between SNPs, DNAm and treatment response were detected. CONCLUSION Acute systemic steroid treatment modifies nasal DNAm in good responders. Nasal DNAm, dependent or independent of SNPs, can differentiate response to treatment in acute asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn M. Biagini Myers
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Veda K. Yadagiri
- Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ashley Ulm
- Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Weirauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hong Ji
- Pyrosequencing lab for genomic and epigenomic research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thorlakson HH, Engen SA, Schreurs O, Schenck K, Blix IJS. Lysophosphatidic acid induces expression of genes in human oral keratinocytes involved in wound healing. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 80:153-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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On NH, Yathindranath V, Sun Z, Miller DW. Pathways for Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118833322.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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13
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Castagna D, Budd DC, Macdonald SJF, Jamieson C, Watson AJB. Development of Autotaxin Inhibitors: An Overview of the Patent and Primary Literature. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5604-21. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Castagna
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - David C. Budd
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnel
Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnel
Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Craig Jamieson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied
Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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14
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Ackerman SJ, Park GY, Christman JW, Nyenhuis S, Berdyshev E, Natarajan V. Polyunsaturated lysophosphatidic acid as a potential asthma biomarker. Biomark Med 2016; 10:123-35. [PMID: 26808693 PMCID: PMC4881841 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a lipid mediator in biological fluids and tissues, is generated mainly by autotaxin that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to LPA and choline. Total LPA levels are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic lung, and are strongly induced following subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen in subjects with allergic asthma. Polyunsaturated molecular species of LPA (C22:5 and C22:6) are selectively synthesized in the airways of asthma subjects following allergen challenge and in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation, having been identified and quantified by LC/MS/MS lipidomics. This review discusses current knowledge of LPA production in asthmatic lung and the potential utility of polyunsaturated LPA molecular species as novel biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and exhaled breath condensate of asthma subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Ackerman
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gye Young Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - John W Christman
- Department of Medicine, Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sharmilee Nyenhuis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Evgeny Berdyshev
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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15
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Overexpression of acylglycerol kinase is associated with poorer prognosis and lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3349-57. [PMID: 26443540 PMCID: PMC4844630 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) has been reported to promote a malignant phenotype and enhance the development of cancer stem cells. However, the clinical value of AGK in cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinicopathological significance of AGK in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). AGK was significantly upregulated in NPC cell lines and clinical specimens as indicated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Among the AGK-positive cases, 52/114 (45.6 %) of the archived human NPC specimens expressed high levels of AGK. High expression of AGK was associated with significantly shorter overall and disease-free survival (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002; log-rank test) and was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.041; multivariate Cox analysis). High AGK expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001; chi-squared test) and was an independent predicted factor for lymph node metastasis in NPC (P = 0.032; multivariate logistic analysis). AGK is overexpressed and associated with disease progression and lymph node metastasis in NPC. AGK has potential as a novel prognostic factor for overall survival in NPC.
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Causton B, Ramadas RA, Cho JL, Jones K, Pardo-Saganta A, Rajagopal J, Xavier RJ, Medoff BD. CARMA3 Is Critical for the Initiation of Allergic Airway Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:683-94. [PMID: 26041536 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses to allergens by airway epithelial cells (AECs) help initiate and propagate the adaptive immune response associated with allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in AECs by allergens or secondary mediators via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is an important component of this multifaceted inflammatory cascade. Members of the caspase recruitment domain family of proteins display tissue-specific expression and help mediate NF-κB activity in response to numerous stimuli. We have previously shown that caspase recruitment domain-containing membrane-associated guanylate kinase protein (CARMA)3 is specifically expressed in AECs and mediates NF-κB activation in these cells in response to stimulation with the GPCR agonist lysophosphatidic acid. In this study, we demonstrate that reduced levels of CARMA3 in normal human bronchial epithelial cells decreases the production of proasthmatic mediators in response to a panel of asthma-relevant GPCR ligands such as lysophosphatidic acid, adenosine triphosphate, and allergens that activate GPCRs such as Alternaria alternata and house dust mite. We then show that genetically modified mice with CARMA3-deficient AECs have reduced airway eosinophilia and proinflammatory cytokine production in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. Additionally, we demonstrate that these mice have impaired dendritic cell maturation in the lung and that dendritic cells from mice with CARMA3-deficient AECs have impaired Ag processing. In conclusion, we show that AEC CARMA3 helps mediate allergic airway inflammation, and that CARMA3 is a critical signaling molecule bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Causton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | | | - Josalyn L Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Khristianna Jones
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Ana Pardo-Saganta
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129;
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Wang L, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Escobedo JO, Wang J, Moore RG, Strongin RM. Spiroguanidine rhodamines as fluorogenic probes for lysophosphatidic acid. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1697-700. [PMID: 25516957 PMCID: PMC4320994 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08818b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct determination of total lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was accomplished using newly developed spiroguanidines derived from rhodamine B as universal fluorogenic probes. Optimum conditions for the quantitative analysis of total LPA were investigated. The linear range for the determination of total LPA is up to 5 μM with a limit of detection of 0.512 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Tel: +1-503-725-9724
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Tel: +1-503-725-9724
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Tel: +1-503-725-9724
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Tel: +1-503-725-9724
| | - Richard G. Moore
- Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA; Tel: +1-401-453-7520
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. Tel: +1-503-725-9724
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, Mohammad G, Siddiquei MM, Alam K, Mousa A, Opdenakker G. Expression of bioactive lysophospholipids and processing enzymes in the vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:187. [PMID: 25496321 PMCID: PMC4293108 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bioactive lysophospholipids phosphatidic acid (PA), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been implicated in mediating cell migration, proliferation and apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. This study was conducted to measure the levels of PA, LPA, LPA-producing enzymes phospholipase A1/A2 (PLA1A/PLA2, respectively) and acylgylycerol kinase (AGK), the S1P receptor S1PR1, the S1P catabolising enzyme S1P lyase (SPL) and 5-lipoxygenase in the vitreous fluid from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). In addition, we investigated the correlations between the levels of PA and LPA and the levels of the inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarker soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). Methods Vitreous samples from 34 PDR and 29 nondiabetic patients were studied by biochemical and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blot analysis. Results PA, LPA and sVCAM-1 levels in vitreous samples from PDR patients were significantly higher than those in nondiabetic patients. Significant correlations were observed between levels of LPA and levels of PA and sVCAM-1. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of PLA1A, AGK, S1PR1 and SPL in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls, whereas PLA2 and 5-lipoxygenase were not detected. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the enzymatic activities of PLA1A and AGK might be responsible for increased synthesis of LPA in PDR and that PLA1A, but not PLA2 is responsible for deacylation of PA to generate LPA. S1PR1 and SPL might regulate inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic responses in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Comparison of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine as kidney function biomarkers in healthy geriatric cats fed reduced protein foods enriched with fish oil, L-carnitine, and medium-chain triglycerides. Vet J 2014; 202:588-96. [PMID: 25458884 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether feeding cats reduced protein and phosphorus foods with added fish oil, L-carnitine, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) altered serum biomarkers of renal function. Thirty-two healthy cats, mean age 14.0 (8.3-19.6) years, were fed control food or one of two experimental foods for 6 months. All foods had similar concentrations of moisture, protein, and fat (approximately 8.0%, 26.5%, and 20.0%, respectively). Both experimental foods contained added fish oil (1.5%) and L-carnitine (500 mg/kg). Experimental-food 2 also contained increased MCT (10.5% from coconut oil), 1.5% added corn oil, and reduced animal fat. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum biochemistries, renal function biomarkers including serum creatinine (sCr) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), and plasma metabolomic profiles were measured at baseline, and at 1.5, 3, and 6 months. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Although both experimental foods altered plasma fatty acids, carnitine and related metabolites, and lysophospholipid concentrations, there were no changes in renal function biomarkers. There was, however, a benefit in using SDMA versus sCr to assess renal function in older cats with less total lean mass. Compared with cats <12 years, those >15 years had lower total lean mass (P < 0.01), lower GFR (P = 0.04), and lower sCr concentrations (P < 0.01). However, SDMA concentrations (P < 0.01) were higher in older cats. This study shows that in cats, serum SDMA concentration is more highly correlated with GFR than sCr concentration, and, unlike sCr, which declines with age because of muscle wasting, SDMA increases as GFR declines with age.
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20
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Iwata M, Torok-Storb B, Wayner EA, Carter WG. CDCP1 identifies a CD146 negative subset of marrow fibroblasts involved with cytokine production. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109304. [PMID: 25275584 PMCID: PMC4183599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro expanded bone marrow stromal cells contain at least two populations of fibroblasts, a CD146/MCAM positive population, previously reported to be critical for establishing the stem cell niche and a CD146-negative population that expresses CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1)/CD318. Immunohistochemistry of marrow biopsies shows that clusters of CDCP1+ cells are present in discrete areas distinct from areas of fibroblasts expressing CD146. Using a stromal cell line, HS5, which approximates primary CDCP1+ stromal cells, we show that binding of an activating antibody against CDCP1 results in tyrosine-phosphorylation of CDCP1, paralleled by phosphorylation of Src Family Kinases (SFKs) Protein Kinase C delta (PKC-δ). When CDCP1 expression is knocked-down by siRNA, the expression and secretion of myelopoietic cytokines is increased. These data suggest CDCP1 expression can be used to identify a subset of marrow fibroblasts functionally distinct from CD146+ fibroblasts. Furthermore the CDCP1 protein may contribute to the defining function of these cells by regulating cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineo Iwata
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Beverly Torok-Storb
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Wayner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William G. Carter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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21
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Peptidophospholipids: synthesis, phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis, and application to development of phospholipid prodrugs. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 183:110-6. [PMID: 24905766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
New phospholipid analogues incorporating sn-2-peptide substituents have been prepared to probe the fundamental structural requirements for phospholipase A2 catalyzed hydrolysis of PLA2-directed synthetic substrates. Two structurally different antiviral oligopeptides with C-terminal glycine were introduced separately at the sn-2-carboxylic ester position of phospholipids to assess the role of the α-methylene group adjacent to the ester carbonyl in allowing hydrolytic cleavage by the enzyme. The oligopeptide-carrying phospholipid derivatives were readily incorporated into mixed micelles consisting of natural phospholipid (dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, DPPC) and Triton X-100 as surfactant. Hydrolytic cleavage of the synthetic peptidophospholipids by the phospholipase A2 occurred slower, but within the same order of magnitude as the natural substrate alone. The results provide useful information toward better understanding the mechanism of action of the enzyme, and to improve the design and synthesis of phospholipid prodrugs targeted at secretory PLA2 enzymes.
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22
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Wang X, Lin C, Zhao X, Liu A, Zhu J, Li X, Song L. Acylglycerol kinase promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in breast cancer via suppression of the FOXO1 transcription factor. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:106. [PMID: 24886245 PMCID: PMC4028287 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is reported to be overexpressed in multiple cancers. The clinical significance and biological role of AGK in breast cancer, however, remain to be established. Methods AGK expression in breast cancer cell lines, paired patient tissues were determined using immunoblotting and Real-time PCR. 203 human breast cancer tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry (IHC) to investigate the relationship between AGK expression and the clinicopathological features of breast cancer. Functional assays, such as colony formation, anchorage-independent growth and BrdU assay, and a xenograft tumor model were used to determine the oncogenic role of AGK in human breast cancer progression. The effect of AGK on FOXO1 transactivity was further investigated using the luciferase reporter assays, and by detection of the FOXO1 downstream genes. Results Herein, we report that AGK was markedly overexpressed in breast cancer cells and clinical tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of AGK significantly correlated with patients’ clinicopathologic characteristics, including clinical stage and tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) classification. Breast cancer patients with higher levels of AGK expression had shorter overall survival compared to patients with lower AGK levels. We gained valuable insights into the mechanism of AGK expression in breast cancer cells by demonstrating that overexpressing AGK significantly enhanced, whereas silencing endogenous AGK inhibited, the proliferation and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, overexpression of AGK enhanced G1-S phase transition in breast cancer cells, which was associated with activation of AKT, suppression of FOXO1 transactivity, downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 and upregulation of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1. Conclusions Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that AGK plays an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenesis in human breast cancer and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Libing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.
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Abstract
In the respiratory system, extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides serve as signaling molecules for a wide spectrum of biological functions regulating airway defenses against infection and toxic material. Their concentrations are controlled by a complex network of cell surface enzymes named ectonucleotidases. This highly integrated metabolic network combines the activities of three dephosphorylating ectonucleotidases, namely nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases), nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) and alkaline phosphatases (APs). Extracellular nucleotides are also inter-converted by the transphosphorylating activities of ecto adenylate kinase (ectoAK) and nucleoside diphosphokinase (NDPK). Different cell types use specific combinations of ectonucleotidases to regulate local concentrations of P2 receptor agonists (ATP, UTP, ADP and UDP). In addition, they provide AMP for the activity of ecto 5'-nucleotidase (ecto 5'-NT; CD73), which produces the P1 receptor agonist: adenosine (ADO). Finally, mechanisms are in place to prevent the accumulation of airway ADO, namely adenosine deaminases and nucleoside transporters. This chapter reviews the properties of each enzyme and transporter, and the current knowledge on their distribution and regulation in the airways.
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Balood M, Zahednasab H, Siroos B, Mesbah-Namin SA, Torbati S, Harirchian MH. Elevated serum levels of lysophosphatidic acid in patients with multiple sclerosis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:411-3. [PMID: 24530753 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies have shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is involved both in inflammation and T cell apoptosis evasion. The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of LPA in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Twenty MS patients along with 20age-sex matched healthy individuals were recruited for this investigation. By employment of ELISA method, we demonstrated that MS patients had higher levels of LPA in serum than control group (P=0.006). This study is the first report of LPA elevation in MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Balood
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Zahednasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahaaddin Siroos
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Torbati
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Panchatcharam M, Salous AK, Brandon J, Miriyala S, Wheeler J, Patil P, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Escalante-Alcalde D, Smyth SS. Mice with targeted inactivation of ppap2b in endothelial and hematopoietic cells display enhanced vascular inflammation and permeability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:837-45. [PMID: 24504738 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3), encoded by the PPAP2B gene, is an integral membrane enzyme that dephosphorylates, and thereby terminates, the G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated signaling actions of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate. LPP3 is essential for normal vascular development in mice, and a common PPAP2B polymorphism is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease in humans. Herein, we investigate the function of endothelial LPP3 to understand its role in the development and human disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS We developed mouse models with selective LPP3 deficiency in endothelial and hematopoietic cells. Tyrosine kinase Tek promoter-mediated inactivation of Ppap2b resulted in embryonic lethality because of vascular defects. LPP3 deficiency in adult mice, achieved using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre transgene under the control of the Tyrosine kinase Tek promoter, enhanced local and systemic inflammatory responses. Endothelial, but not hematopoietic, cell LPP3 deficiency led to significant increases in vascular permeability at baseline and enhanced sensitivity to inflammation-induced vascular leak. Endothelial barrier function was restored by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of either LPA production by the circulating lysophospholipase D autotaxin or of G-protein-coupled receptor-dependent LPA signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify a role for the autotaxin/LPA-signaling nexus as a mediator of endothelial permeability in inflammation and demonstrate that LPP3 limits these effects. These findings have implications for therapeutic targets to maintain vascular barrier function in inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Panchatcharam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.P., A.K.S., J.B., S.M., J.W., P.P., M.S., A.J.M., S.S.S.); División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, Mexico (E.-A.); and Medical Service, Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY (A.J.M., S.S.S.)
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26
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Ribeiro JMC, Genta FA, Sorgine MHF, Logullo R, Mesquita RD, Paiva-Silva GO, Majerowicz D, Medeiros M, Koerich L, Terra WR, Ferreira C, Pimentel AC, Bisch PM, Leite DC, Diniz MMP, Junior JLDSGV, Da Silva ML, Araujo RN, Gandara ACP, Brosson S, Salmon D, Bousbata S, González-Caballero N, Silber AM, Alves-Bezerra M, Gondim KC, Silva-Neto MAC, Atella GC, Araujo H, Dias FA, Polycarpo C, Vionette-Amaral RJ, Fampa P, Melo ACA, Tanaka AS, Balczun C, Oliveira JHM, Gonçalves RLS, Lazoski C, Rivera-Pomar R, Diambra L, Schaub GA, Garcia ES, Azambuja P, Braz GRC, Oliveira PL. An insight into the transcriptome of the digestive tract of the bloodsucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2594. [PMID: 24416461 PMCID: PMC3886914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bloodsucking hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus is a vector of Chagas' disease, which affects 7-8 million people today in Latin America. In contrast to other hematophagous insects, the triatomine gut is compartmentalized into three segments that perform different functions during blood digestion. Here we report analysis of transcriptomes for each of the segments using pyrosequencing technology. Comparison of transcript frequency in digestive libraries with a whole-body library was used to evaluate expression levels. All classes of digestive enzymes were highly expressed, with a predominance of cysteine and aspartic proteinases, the latter showing a significant expansion through gene duplication. Although no protein digestion is known to occur in the anterior midgut (AM), protease transcripts were found, suggesting secretion as pro-enzymes, being possibly activated in the posterior midgut (PM). As expected, genes related to cytoskeleton, protein synthesis apparatus, protein traffic, and secretion were abundantly transcribed. Despite the absence of a chitinous peritrophic membrane in hemipterans - which have instead a lipidic perimicrovillar membrane lining over midgut epithelia - several gut-specific peritrophin transcripts were found, suggesting that these proteins perform functions other than being a structural component of the peritrophic membrane. Among immunity-related transcripts, while lysozymes and lectins were the most highly expressed, several genes belonging to the Toll pathway - found at low levels in the gut of most insects - were identified, contrasting with a low abundance of transcripts from IMD and STAT pathways. Analysis of transcripts related to lipid metabolism indicates that lipids play multiple roles, being a major energy source, a substrate for perimicrovillar membrane formation, and a source for hydrocarbons possibly to produce the wax layer of the hindgut. Transcripts related to amino acid metabolism showed an unanticipated priority for degradation of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Analysis of transcripts related to signaling pathways suggested a role for MAP kinases, GTPases, and LKBP1/AMP kinases related to control of cell shape and polarity, possibly in connection with regulation of cell survival, response of pathogens and nutrients. Together, our findings present a new view of the triatomine digestive apparatus and will help us understand trypanosome interaction and allow insights into hemipteran metabolic adaptations to a blood-based diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. C. Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fernando A. Genta
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos H. F. Sorgine
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Logullo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael D. Mesquita
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David Majerowicz
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Medeiros
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Programa de Biotecnologia, Prédio 27, CEP 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Koerich
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter R. Terra
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clélia Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André C. Pimentel
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Bisch
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Leite
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle M. P. Diniz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Lídio da S. G. V. Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Manuela L. Da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia Qualidade e Tecnologia, Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Programa de Biotecnologia, Prédio 27, CEP 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N. Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline P. Gandara
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Brosson
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Didier Salmon
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Bousbata
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Medicine (IBMM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Ariel Mariano Silber
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Katia C. Gondim
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mário Alberto C. Silva-Neto
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia C. Atella
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Araujo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Dias
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Polycarpo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel J. Vionette-Amaral
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Fampa
- Instituto de Biologia, DBA, UFRRJ, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia A. Melo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aparecida S. Tanaka
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Balczun
- Zoology/Parasitology Group, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany
| | - José Henrique M. Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata L. S. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lazoski
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rolando Rivera-Pomar
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Florencio Varela, Argentina
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Luis Diambra
- Centro Regional de Estudios Genomicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Florencio Varela, Argentina
| | | | - Elói S. Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Azambuja
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glória R. C. Braz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L. Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Park GY, Lee YG, Berdyshev E, Nyenhuis S, Du J, Fu P, Gorshkova IA, Li Y, Chung S, Karpurapu M, Deng J, Ranjan R, Xiao L, Jaffe HA, Corbridge SJ, Kelly EAB, Jarjour NN, Chun J, Prestwich GD, Kaffe E, Ninou I, Aidinis V, Morris AJ, Smyth SS, Ackerman SJ, Natarajan V, Christman JW. Autotaxin production of lysophosphatidic acid mediates allergic asthmatic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:928-40. [PMID: 24050723 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201306-1014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Bioactive lipid mediators, derived from membrane lipid precursors, are released into the airway and airspace where they bind high-affinity cognate receptors and may mediate asthma pathogenesis. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lipid mediator generated by the enzymatic activity of extracellular autotaxin (ATX), binds LPA receptors, resulting in an array of biological actions on cell proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and motility, and therefore could mediate asthma pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES To define a role for the ATX-LPA pathway in human asthma pathogenesis and a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. METHODS We investigated the profiles of LPA molecular species and the level of ATX exoenzyme in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of human patients with asthma subjected to subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen. We interrogated the role of the ATX-LPA pathway in allergic lung inflammation using a murine allergic asthma model in ATX-LPA pathway-specific genetically modified mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Subsegmental bronchoprovocation with allergen in patients with mild asthma resulted in a remarkable increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of LPA enriched in polyunsaturated 22:5 and 22:6 fatty acids in association with increased concentrations of ATX protein. Using a triple-allergen mouse asthma model, we showed that ATX-overexpressing transgenic mice had a more severe asthmatic phenotype, whereas blocking ATX activity and knockdown of the LPA2 receptor in mice produced a marked attenuation of Th2 cytokines and allergic lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The ATX-LPA pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma. These preclinical data indicate that targeting the ATX-LPA pathway could be an effective antiasthma treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gye Young Park
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine
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28
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Rapid and reversible enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability using lysophosphatidic acid. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1944-54. [PMID: 24045401 PMCID: PMC3851904 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterizes the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability focusing specifically on the time of onset, duration, and magnitude of LPA-induced changes in cerebrovascular permeability in the mouse using both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near infrared fluorescence imaging (NIFR). Furthermore, potential application of LPA for enhanced drug delivery to the brain was also examined by measuring the brain accumulation of radiolabeled methotrexate. Exposure of primary cultured brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMECs) to LPA produced concentration-dependent increases in permeability that were completely abolished by clostridium toxin B. Administration of LPA disrupted BBB integrity and enhanced the permeability of small molecular weight marker gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (Gd-DTPA) contrast agent, the large molecular weight permeability marker, IRdye800cwPEG, and the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter probe, Rhodamine 800 (R800). The increase in BBB permeability occurred within 3 minutes after LPA injection and barrier integrity was restored within 20 minutes. A decreased response to LPA on large macromolecule BBB permeability was observed after repeated administration. The administration of LPA also resulted in 20-fold enhancement of radiolabeled methotrexate in the brain. These studies indicate that administration of LPA in combination with therapeutic agents may increase drug delivery to the brain.
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29
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Cloning, expression and characterization of a phospholipase D from Loxosceles gaucho venom gland. Biochimie 2013; 95:1773-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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30
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Mohammad G, Nawaz MI, Siddiquei MM, Kangave D, Opdenakker G. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid, autotaxin and acylglycerol kinase as biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:363-71. [PMID: 22864860 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-012-0422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The proinflammatory lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent activator of several transcriptional factors and signaling pathways and a potent modulator of genes involved in inflammation, angiogenesis and fibrosis. This study was conducted to measure the levels of LPA and LPA-producing enzymes, autotaxin (ATX) and acylglycerol kinase (AGK) in the vitreous fluid from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and to correlate their levels with clinical disease activity and the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In addition, we examined the expression of ATX, AGK and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the retinas of diabetic rats. Vitreous samples from 42 PDR and 35 nondiabetic patients were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Vitreous samples and retinas of rats were examined by Western blot analysis. VEGF, LPA and AGK levels in vitreous samples from PDR patients were significantly higher than those in control patients without diabetes (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). ATX levels in PDR with active neovascularization and inactive PDR were significantly lower than those in nondiabetic patients (p = 0.045). Mean VEGF and AGK levels in PDR with active neovascularization were significantly higher than those in inactive PDR and nondiabetic patients (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). A significant correlation was observed between levels of VEGF and levels of AGK in PDR patients (r = 0.954; p < 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of AGK and VEGFR-2 in vitreous samples and the retinas of diabetic rats compared to nondiabetic controls, whereas ATX was significantly downregulated. Our findings suggest that ATX-AGK-LPA signaling axis might be an important player in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Zhao Y, Zhao J, Mialki RK, Wei J, Spannhake EW, Salgia R, Natarajan V. Lipopolysaccharide-induced phosphorylation of c-Met tyrosine residue 1003 regulates c-Met intracellular trafficking and lung epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L56-63. [PMID: 23624790 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00417.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met, the receptor tyrosine kinase whose natural ligand is hepatocyte growth factor, is known to have a key role in cell motility. We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced a decrease in c-Met activation via serine phosphorylation of c-Met at cell-cell contacts. Here, we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells induced internalization of c-Met via phosphorylation at its tyrosine residue 1003. In addition, it induced epithelial barrier dysfunction as evidenced by a decrease in transepithelial resistance (TER) in a time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a c-Met inhibitor (PHA-665752) or inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC)-α attenuated the LPS-mediated phosphorylation of c-Met and its internalization. LPS-induced c-Met tyrosine 1003 phosphorylation, activation of PKCα, and c-Met internalization were, however, reversed by pretreatment of cells with LPA, which increased c-Met accumulation at cell-cell contacts. Inhibition of LPS-mediated c-Met tyrosine (Y1003) phosphorylation and internalization by prior treatment with PHA-665752, inhibition of PKCα, or overexpression of c-MetY1003A mutant attenuated LPS-induced reduction of TER. Furthermore, we found that c-Met accumulation at cell-cell contacts contributed to LPA-enhanced epithelial barrier integrity, since downregulation of c-Met by specific small-interfering RNA attenuated LPA-increased TER. The data reveal a novel biological function of c-Met in the regulation of lung epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine and the Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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32
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Lysoglycerophospholipids in chronic inflammatory disorders: The PLA2/LPC and ATX/LPA axes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:42-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Hall JA, Jewell DE. Feeding healthy beagles medium-chain triglycerides, fish oil, and carnitine offsets age-related changes in serum fatty acids and carnitine metabolites. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49510. [PMID: 23145181 PMCID: PMC3492282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if feeding dogs medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), fish oil, and L-carnitine enriched foods offsets age-associated changes in serum fatty acids (FA) and carnitine metabolites. Forty-one healthy Beagles, mean age 9.9 years (range 3.1 to 14.8), were fed control or one of two treatment foods for 6 months. All foods were complete and balanced and met the nutrient requirements for adult dogs, and had similar concentrations of moisture, protein, and fat (approx. 7.4%, 14.0%, and 18.1%, respectively). The treatment diets both contained added L-carnitine (300 mg/kg) and 0.6% (treatment food 1) or 1.5% (treatment food 2) added fish oil. Treatment food 2 also had increased MCT from coconut oil, added corn oil, and reduced animal fat. Composition of serum FA was determined by gas chromatography of FA methyl esters. Metabolomic profiles of serum samples were determined from extracted supernatants that were split and run on GC/MS and LC/MS/MS platforms, for identification and relative quantification of small metabolites. Body composition was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Among dog groups, there was no change in total-lean-body weight, or in serum total protein and serum albumin concentrations, based on time or dietary treatment. Serum concentrations of carnitine metabolites were decreased in geriatric (>7 years) vs. mature adult (≤ 7 years) dogs, and supplementation with L-carnitine attenuated the effects of aging. The ratio of PUFA to SFA was significantly greater in mature dogs at baseline (P ≤ 0.05). Serum concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FA increased in a dose-dependent manner. Dogs consuming treatment food 2 also had increased serum concentrations of lauric and myristic FA, and decreased concentrations of SFA, MUFA, and arachidonate (all P ≤ 0.05) and their PUFA to SFA ratio increased. In summary, dietary MCT, fish oil, and L-carnitine counterbalanced the effects of aging on circulating concentrations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
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34
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Carpe N, Mandeville I, Kho AT, Qiu W, Martin JG, Tantisira KG, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Kaplan F. Maternal allergen exposure reprograms the developmental lung transcriptome in atopic and normoresponsive rat pups. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L899-911. [PMID: 22983352 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00179.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The "fetal origins hypothesis" argued that physiological changes consequent to in utero exposures ultimately contribute to disease susceptibility in later life. The dramatic increase in asthma prevalence is attributed to early exposures acting on preexisting asthma-susceptible genotypes. We showed previously that distinct transcriptome signatures distinguish the developmental respiratory phenotype of atopic (Brown Norway, BN) and normoresponsive (Lewis) rats. We aimed to determine whether maternal allergen exposure would influence asthma pathogenesis by reprogramming primary patterns of developmental lung gene expression. Postnatal offspring of dams sensitized to ovalbumin before mating and challenged during pregnancy were assessed for lung function, inflammatory biomarkers, and respiratory gene expression. Although maternal ovalbumin exposure resulted in characteristic features of an allergic response (bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils, IgE, methacholine-induced lung resistance) in offspring of both strains, substantial strain-specific differences were observed in respiratory gene expression. Of 799 probes representing the top 5% of transcriptomic variation, only 112 (14%) were affected in both strains. Strain-specific gene signatures also exhibited marked differences in enrichment for gene ontologies, with immune regulation and cell proliferation being prominent in the BN strain, cell cycle and microtubule assembly gene sets in the Lewis strain. Multiple ovalbumin-specific probes in both strains were also differentially expressed in lymphoblastoid cell lines from human asthmatic vs. nonasthmatic sibling pairs. Our data point to the existence of distinct, genetically programmed responses to maternal exposures in developing lung. These different response patterns, if recapitulated in human fetal development, can contribute to long-term pulmonary health including interindividual susceptibility to asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Carpe
- Departments of Human Genetics, Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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35
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Oikonomou N, Mouratis MA, Tzouvelekis A, Kaffe E, Valavanis C, Vilaras G, Karameris A, Prestwich GD, Bouros D, Aidinis V. Pulmonary autotaxin expression contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 47:566-74. [PMID: 22744859 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0004oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic form of diffuse lung disease occurring mainly in older adults. Increased lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) concentrations have been reported in the alveolar space of both idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and a corresponding animal model, whereas the genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of LPA receptor 1 attenuated the development of the modeled disease, suggesting a direct involvement of LPA in disease pathogenesis. In this report, increased concentrations of autotaxin (ATX; ENPP2), the enzyme largely responsible for extracellular LPA production, were detected in both murine and human fibrotic lungs. The genetic deletion of ATX from bronchial epithelial cells or macrophages attenuated disease severity, establishing ATX as a novel player in IPF pathogenesis. Furthermore, the pharmacological inhibition of ATX attenuated the development of the modeled disease, suggesting that ATX is a possible therapeutic target in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Oikonomou
- Institute of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
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36
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BAY 11-7082 is a broad-spectrum inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity against multiple targets. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:416036. [PMID: 22745523 PMCID: PMC3382285 DOI: 10.1155/2012/416036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BAY 11-7082 (BAY) is an inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) that has pharmacological activities that include anticancer, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, BAY-pharmacological target pathways were further characterized to determine how this compound simultaneously suppresses various responses. Primary and cancerous (RAW264.7 cells) macrophages were activated by lipopolysaccharide, a ligand of toll-like receptor 4. As reported previously, BAY strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced the translocation of p65, major subunit of nuclear factor-κB, and its upstream signaling events such as phosphorylation of IκBα, IKK, and Akt. In addition, BAY also suppressed the translocation and activation of activator protein-1, interferon regulatory factor-3, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 by inhibiting the phosphorylation or activation of extracellular signal-related kinase, p38, TANK-binding protein, and Janus kinase-2. These data strongly suggest that BAY is an inhibitor with multiple targets and could serve as a lead compound in developing strong anti-inflammatory drugs with multiple targets in inflammatory responses.
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37
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Aldahmesh MA, Khan AO, Mohamed JY, Alghamdi MH, Alkuraya FS. Identification of a truncation mutation of acylglycerol kinase (AGK) gene in a novel autosomal recessive cataract locus. Hum Mutat 2012; 33:960-2. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Lack of the mitochondrial protein acylglycerol kinase causes Sengers syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:314-20. [PMID: 22284826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome sequencing of an individual with congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and lactic acidosis, all typical symptoms of Sengers syndrome, discovered two nonsense mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial acylglycerol kinase (AGK). Mutation screening of AGK in further individuals with congenital cataracts and cardiomyopathy identified numerous loss-of-function mutations in an additional eight families, confirming the causal nature of AGK deficiency in Sengers syndrome. The loss of AGK led to a decrease of the adenine nucleotide translocator in the inner mitochondrial membrane in muscle, consistent with a role of AGK in driving the assembly of the translocator as a result of its effects on phospholipid metabolism in mitochondria.
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39
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Harmon GS, Lam MT, Glass CK. PPARs and lipid ligands in inflammation and metabolism. Chem Rev 2012; 111:6321-40. [PMID: 21988241 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Harmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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40
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Petrova S, Atanasov V, Balashev K. Vipoxin and Its Components. STRUCTURAL AND MECHANISTIC ENZYMOLOGY - BRINGING TOGETHER EXPERIMENTS AND COMPUTING 2012; 87:117-53. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398312-1.00005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Liszewska E, Reinaud P, Dubois O, Charpigny G. Lysophosphatidic acid receptors in ovine uterus during estrous cycle and early pregnancy and their regulation by progesterone. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 42:31-42. [PMID: 22032854 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway in the ovine uterus during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. With the use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR, expression of LPAR1 and LPAR3 was analyzed. Both receptors were present in the ovine uterus. Immunolocalization showed that LPAR1 was mainly present in the stroma of the ovine endometrium, whereas LPAR3 was mostly restricted to epithelial compartments. In luminal and glandular epithelia, LPAR1 and LPAR3 levels were affected by pregnancy status, day, or the day-by-status interaction, whereas in stroma the receptors were not modified. Analysis of the whole endometrium from ovariectomized ewes showed that the expression of LPAR3 but not LPAR1 was regulated by the administration of progesterone. However, the examination of receptors at cellular levels showed that progesterone increases LPAR1 and LPAR3 in glandular epithelium and, in a minor extent, in endometrial stroma. Emerging evidence suggests that LPA is an essential component in the estrous cycle and early pregnancy regulation. We demonstrated that LPA induced stress fiber formation in ovine uterine epithelial cells, suggesting that LPA may be involved in cytoskeleton reorganization occurring cyclically in ovine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liszewska
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy en, Josas, France
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42
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Autotaxin induces lung epithelial cell migration through lysoPLD activity-dependent and -independent pathways. Biochem J 2011; 439:45-55. [PMID: 21696367 DOI: 10.1042/bj20110274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cell migration is a crucial step for re-epithelialization that in turn is essential for remodelling and repair after lung injury. In the present paper we hypothesize that secreted ATX (autotaxin), which exhibits lysoPLD (lysophospholipase D) activity, stimulates lung epithelial cell migration through LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) generation-dependent and -independent pathways. Release of endogenous ATX protein and activity was detected in lung epithelial cell culture medium. ATX with V5 tag overexpressed conditional medium had higher LPA levels compared with control medium and stimulated cell migration through G(αi)-coupled LPA receptors, cytoskeleton rearrangement, phosphorylation of PKC (protein kinase C) δ and cortactin at the leading edge of migrating cells. Inhibition of PKCδ attenuated ATX-V5 overexpressed conditional medium-mediated phosphorylation of cortactin. In addition, a recombinant ATX mutant, lacking lysoPLD activity, or heat-inactived ATX also induced lung epithelial cell migration. Extracelluar ATX bound to the LPA receptor and integrin β4 complex on A549 cell surface. Finally, intratracheal administration of LPS (lipopolysaccharide) into the mouse airway induced ATX release and LPA production in BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid. These results suggested a significant role for ATX in lung epithelial cell migration and remodelling through its ability to induce LPA production-mediated phosphorylation of PKCδ and cortactin. In addition we also demonstrated association of ATX with the epithelial cell-surface LPA receptor and integrin β4.
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Chen RJ, Chen SU, Chou CH, Lin MC. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2/3-mediated IL-8-dependent angiogenesis in cervical cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:789-802. [PMID: 21964883 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The expression of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-specific receptors in cervical cancer has not been clearly defined. In this study, we identified LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3 receptors' mRNA in SiHa, HeLa and CaSki cell lines by RT-PCR. These receptors were not associated with tumor cell proliferation in vitro. We then used a xenograph animal model to evaluate the effects of these receptors on in vivo cervical cancer tumorigenicity. When SiHa cells with different receptor expression patterns were seeded on the backs of SCID mice, the resulting knockout of both LPA2 and LPA3 significantly attenuated tumor growth; this decrease in tumor growth was found to be linked with decreased angiogenesis (microvessel density), suggesting that LPA2 and LPA3 are crucial for in vivo tumor growth through an angiogenic mechanism. We further investigated this mechanism of LPA receptor 2/3-mediated angiogenic capability by analyzing angiogenic factors in protein lysates from receptor knockout tumors, by detecting interleukin (IL-8) mRNA expression after treating with siRNA, by evaluating the biological role of LPA-enhanced IL-8 via endothelial cell tube formation, monolayer permeability, migration and cell growth assays, and by IL-8 knockout xenograft mice modeling. We found that the angiogenesis is mediated through IL-8. Finally, we evaluated the regulation pathways involved in LPA-induced IL-8 expression. We found that LPA receptor 2/3-mediated IL-8 expression occurs through Gi/PI3K/AKT, Gi/PKC and IκB/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, we propose that LPA2 and LPA3 might play an important role in cervical cancer tumor growth through IL-8-dependent angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruey-Jien Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Blaho VA, Hla T. Regulation of mammalian physiology, development, and disease by the sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6299-320. [PMID: 21939239 PMCID: PMC3216694 DOI: 10.1021/cr200273u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
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Hall JA, Brockman JA, Jewell DE. Dietary fish oil alters the lysophospholipid metabolomic profile and decreases urinary 11-dehydro thromboxane B₂ concentration in healthy Beagles. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:355-65. [PMID: 21925741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased concentrations of dietary fish oil and antioxidants have been shown previously to change circulating concentrations of individual fatty acids (FAs) and vitamin E. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effects of vitamins E and C, in combination with dietary fish oil, on selected blood and urinary biomarkers. Fifty adult Beagle dogs (mean age 5.3 years, range 1.4-14.2 years) were randomized into five dietary treatment groups for 90 days. All foods were complete and balanced and met the nutrient profiles of AAFCO for adult dogs. For 60 days before study initiation, dogs consumed a pretrial food that contained 74 IU/kg vitaminE and 0mg/kg vitaminC. The five experimental foods were confirmed by analytical methods to contain ≥ 640 IU/kg vitaminE and 130 mg/kg vitaminC (as fed). Experimental foods ranged from low levels of EPA and DHA (pretrial food and lowest experimental food had 0.01% EPA and no detectable DHA) to the highest experimental food with 0.25% EPA and 0.17% DHA. Serum was analyzed for FAs, vitamin E, and cholesterol concentrations; urine was analyzed for 11-dehydro thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)). Serum was also used for metabolomic analysis. FA intake ranged from 0.02 g/day EPA and 0.02 g/day DHA to 0.58 g/day EPA and 0.39 g/day DHA. Increasing dietary concentrations of EPA and DHA resulted in increased serum concentrations of EPA and DHA in a dose-dependent fashion. Greater dietary vitamin E intake resulted in increased serum vitamin E concentrations (P<0.01). Higher serum cholesterol was also associated with higher serum vitamin E concentrations (P<0.01). In turn, changes in serum cholesterol concentration were associated with diet-induced changes in serum FA concentrations (all P<0.01). At the beginning of the dietary treatment period the most significant predictor of urine 11-dehydro TXB(2) concentration was age, followed by lean-body mass. After dietary treatment with different amounts of fish oil, age (increases 11-dehydro TXB(2)) was followed by EPA concentration as a significant negative predictor of urine 11-dehydro TXB(2) concentration (increasing serum concentrations of EPA decrease 11-dehydro TXB(2)), and then lean-body mass (decreases 11-dehydro TXB(2)). Serum docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine concentration was increased by feeding fish oil in a dose-response manner. In summary, serum vitamin E concentration is enhanced primarily by feeding vitamin E and secondarily by serum cholesterol concentration. When feeding diets enriched with fish oil, the major negative predictor of urinary 11-dehydro TXB(2) concentration is serum EPA concentration. Plasma lysophospholipids can be dynamically regulated by dietary fish oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR 97331-4802, United States.
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Zhao J, Chen Q, Li H, Myerburg M, Spannhake EW, Natarajan V, Zhao Y. Lysophosphatidic acid increases soluble ST2 expression in mouse lung and human bronchial epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2011; 24:77-85. [PMID: 21871564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a naturally occurring bioactive lysophospholipid increases the expression of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators in airway epithelial cells. Soluble ST2 (sST2), an anti-inflammatory mediator, has been known to function as a decoy receptor of interleukin (IL)-33 and attenuates endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses. Here, we show that LPA increased sST2 mRNA expression and protein release in a dose and time dependent manner in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpCs). LPA receptors antagonist and Gαi inhibitor, pertussis toxin, attenuated LPA-induced sST2 release. Inhibition of NF-κB or JNK pathway reduced LPA-induced sST2 release. LPA treatment decreased histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression and enhanced acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 that binds to the sST2 promoter region. Furthermore, limitation of intracellular LPA generation by the down-regulation of acetyl glycerol kinase attenuated exogenous LPA-induced histone H3 acetylation on sST2 promoter region, as well as sST2 gene expression. Treatment of HBEpCs with recombinant sST2 protein or sST2-rich cell culture media attenuated endotoxin-induced phosphorylation of PKC and airway epithelial barrier disruption. These results unravel a novel sST2 mediated signaling pathway that has physiological relevance to airway inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Zhao J, He D, Su Y, Berdyshev E, Chun J, Natarajan V, Zhao Y. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells and murine lungs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L547-56. [PMID: 21821728 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00058.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid, plays an important role in lung inflammation by inducing the release of chemokines and lipid mediators. Our previous studies have shown that LPA induces the secretion of interleukin-8 and prostaglandin E(2) in lung epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that LPA receptors contribute to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Pretreatment with LPA receptor antagonist Ki16425 or downregulation of LPA receptor 1 (LPA(1)) by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, I-κB kinase, and I-κB in MLE12 epithelial cells. In addition, the blocking of LPA(1) also suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 production. Furthermore, LPS treatment promoted interaction between LPA(1) and CD14, a LPS coreceptor, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Disruption of lipid rafts attenuated the interaction between LPA(1) and CD14. Mice challenged with LPS increased plasma LPA levels and enhanced expression of LPA receptors in lung tissues. To further investigate the role of LPA receptors in LPS-induced inflammation, wild-type, or LPA(1)-deficient mice, or wild-type mice pretreated with Ki16425 were intratracheally challenged with LPS for 24 h. Knock down or inhibition of LPA(1) decreased LPS-induced IL-6 release in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and infiltration of cells into alveolar space compared with wild-type mice. However, no significant differences in total protein concentration in BAL fluids were observed. These results showed that knock down or inhibition of LPA(1) offered significant protection against LPS-induced lung inflammation but not against pulmonary leak as observed in the murine model for lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA
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Shiomi T, Boudreault F, Padem N, Higashiyama S, Drazen JM, Tschumperlin DJ. Lysophosphatidic acid stimulates epidermal growth factor-family ectodomain shedding and paracrine signaling from human lung fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 2011; 19:229-40. [PMID: 21362091 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2010.00655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator implicated in tissue repair and wound healing. It mediates diverse functional effects in fibroblasts, including proliferation, migration and contraction, but less is known about its ability to evoke paracrine signaling to other cell types involved in wound healing. We hypothesized that human pulmonary fibroblasts stimulated by LPA would exhibit ectodomain shedding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands that signal to lung epithelial cells. To test this hypothesis, we used alkaline phosphatase-tagged EGFR ligand plasmids transfected into lung fibroblasts, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect shedding of native ligands. LPA induced shedding of alkaline phosphatase-tagged heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin, and transforming growth factor-a; non-transfected fibroblasts shed amphiregulin and HBEGF under baseline conditions, and increased shedding of HB-EGF in response to LPA. Treatment of fibroblasts with LPA resulted in elevated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, enhanced expression of mRNA for c-fos, HB-EGF and amphiregulin, and enhanced proliferation at 96 hours. However, none of these fibroblast responses to LPA required ectodomain shedding or EGFR activity. To test the ability of LPA to stimulate paracrine signaling from fibroblasts, we transferred conditioned medium from LPA-stimulated cells, and found enhanced EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in reporter A549 cells in excess of what could be accounted for by transferred LPA alone. These data show that LPA mediates EGF-family ectodomain shedding, resulting in enhanced paracrine signaling from lung fibroblasts to epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiomi
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Bathena SP, Huang J, Nunn ME, Miyamoto T, Parrish LC, Lang MS, McVaney TP, Toews ML, Cerutis DR, Alnouti Y. Quantitative determination of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:402-7. [PMID: 21703797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid mediator that plays multiple cellular functions by acting through G protein-coupled LPA receptors. LPAs are known to be key mediators in inflammation, and several lines of evidence suggest a role for LPAs in inflammatory periodontal diseases. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated to quantify LPA species (LPA 18:0, LPA 16:0, LPA 18:1 and LPA 20:4) in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). LPA 17:0 was used as an internal standard and the LPA species were extracted from saliva by liquid-liquid extraction using butanol. Chromatography was performed using a Macherey-Nagel NUCLEODUR® C8 Gravity Column (125 mm × 2.0 mm ID) with a mixture of methanol/water: 75/25 (v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid and 5 mM ammonium formate (mobile phase A) and methanol/water: 99/0.5 (v/v) containing 0.5% formic acid and 5mM ammonium formate (mobile phase B) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. LPAs were detected by a linear ion trap-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with a total run time of 8.5 min. The limit of quantification (LOQ) in saliva was 1 ng/mL for all LPA species and the method was validated over the range of 1-200 ng/mL. The method was validated in GCF over the ranges of 10-500 ng/mL for LPA 18:0 and LPA 16:0, and 5-500 ng/mL for LPA 18:1 and LPA 20:4. This sensitive LC-MS/MS assay was successfully applied to obtain quantitative data of individual LPA levels from control subjects and patients with various periodontal diseases. All four LPA species were consistently elevated in samples obtained from periodontal diseases, which supports a role of LPAs in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Bathena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Delogu G, Sali M, Rocca S, Quintiliani G, Santucci MB, Greco E, Cabibbo A, Mariani F, Colizzi V, Fadda G, Fraziano M. Lysophosphatidic acid enhances antimycobacterial response during in vivo primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Immunol 2011; 271:1-4. [PMID: 21703599 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids may play an important protective role during primary infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by enhancing innate antimycobacterial immune response of both macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Here, we show that treatment with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) of mice aerogenically infected with MTB immediately after infection results in a significant early reduction of pulmonary CFUs and of histopathological damage in comparison with control mice. In contrast, treatment of acute disease does not result in any improvement of both microbiological and histopathological parameters. Altogether, these results show that LPA treatment can exert protective effect if administrated during primary infection, only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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